Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Observations by UAV'
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Wang, Di. "What controls the 3D distribution of water vapor isotopic composition in East Asia?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS567.pdf.
Full textUnlike polar ice core records, the isotope variations in Tibetan ice cores challenge the interpretation of temperature signals. One of the main reasons is that in monsoon regions at low and middle latitudes, water isotopes are influenced by convective and cloud processes. A deeper understanding of water isotope behavior and the dynamical controls involved in moisture transpiration and convection is needed. Large-scale in-situ observations and vertical profiles of vapor isotopes during convection would be helpful. However, such data are rare. The aim of this thesis was to document horizontal, vertical, and temporal variations in the isotopic composition of water in East Asian monsoon region. First, to document the horizontal and seasonal variations of water isotopes near the surface across China, we made in-situ observations of near-surface vapor isotopes over a large region (over 10000 km) across China in both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, using a newly-designed vehicle-based vapor isotope monitoring system. We found that the observed spatial variations of vapor δ18O are mainly controlled by Rayleigh distillation along air mass trajectories during the pre-monsoon period, but are significantly influenced by different moisture sources, continental recycling processes, and convection along moisture transport during the monsoon period. These results provide an overview of the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of water isotopic composition in East Asia and their controlling factors and emphasize the need to interpret proxy records in the context of the regional system and moisture sources. Second, to better understand the physical processes that control the vertical distribution of vapor isotopes and its intra-seasonal and seasonal variability, we observed the vertical profiles of atmosphere vapor isotopes up to the upper troposphere (from the ground surface at 3856m up to 11000m a.s.l.) from June to October in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using a specially-designed unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) system. For the sampling, we chose to carry air bags on UAVs as a portable sampling device, but encountered the permeability problem commonly associated with these bags. To corrected for this problem, we developed a diffusion model with diffusion parameters calibrated through laboratory experiments. This allows us to document for the first time the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor isotopes across the entire monsoon period up to the upper troposphere, boasting an unprecedented vertical resolution and altitude range. We find that the vertical profiles of water vapor isotopic composition reflect a combination of large-scale processes, in particular deep convection and continental recycling along trajectories, and local convective processes, in particular convective detrainment, and sublimation of ice crystals. The observed seasonal and intra-seasonal variations are generally vertically coherent, due to the strong vertical convective mixing and local convective detrainment of vapor originating from the low levels, and are mainly due to deep convection along trajectories
Lort, Cuenca Marc. "Contribution to ground-based and UAV SAR systems for Earth observation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461638.
Full textEl mode de viure de la humanitat és el principal motor d'un canvi a escala planetària que està marcat per la creixent demanda d'energia, d'aliment, de béns, de serveis i d'informació de les poblacions humanes. Com a resultat, han sorgit noves inquietuds ecològiques, econòmiques, socials i geopolítiques. En aquest escenari, la detecció remota SAR és una eina potencial que proporciona informació única sobre les propietats i processos de la Terra que es pot utilitzar per resoldre reptes socials de dimensió local i global. Els SARs, que són sistemes coherents que poden proporcionar imatges d'alta resolució amb independència del temps, representen una alternativa adequada per a l'observació de la Terra. Alguns exemples d'àrees d'aplicació SAR són la topografia (generació de DEM amb interferometria), l'agricultura (classificació de cultius o humitat del sòl) o la geologia (monitoratge de deformació superficial). En aquest context, l'objectiu general del present doctorat ha estat part de la implementació i posterior avaluació de les capacitats de dos sensors SAR de banda X. D'una banda, el radar RISKSAR-X dissenyat per funcionar a terra i monitoritzar àrees d'observació a petita escala i, d'altra, el sensor ARBRES-X dissenyat per ser integrat en petits UAVs. Malgrat la seva concepció inherentment diferent, la concurrència d'ambdós sensors s'ha evidenciat al llarg d'aquest manuscrit. Aprofitant les similituds entre ells, s'han pogut avaluar de forma anàloga els dos sensors per obtenir conclusions. En aquest sentit, el vincle comú ha estat el desenvolupament del mode de funcionament polimètric OtF del RISKSAR-X, permetent que aquest sensor operi de forma equivalent a l'ARBRES-X. Pel que fa al sensor RISKSAR-X, s'han desenvolupat diverses contribucions hardware durant part d'aquest doctorat amb l'objectiu de millorar el rendiment del sistema. En dotar el sistema de la possibilitat d'operar en el mode d'adquisició totalment polarimètric OtF, s'ha reduït el relatiu llarg temps d'escaneig. Això és de gran interès ja que els blancs mesurats que presenten una reflectivitat variable a curt termini, com ara la vegetació en moviment, poden degradar els paràmetres extrets de les dades recuperades i la reconstrucció d'imatges SAR. Durant aquesta activitat doctoral s'ha estudiat el desenfocat de la imatge, la decorrelació i la degradació de la coherència introduïts per aquest efecte. A més, s'ha introduït un nou terme en la coherència interferomètrica diferencial que té en compte el desenfocat de la imatge. Pel que fa al sistema ARBRES-X, un dels principals objectius perseguits durant aquest doctorat ha estat la integració del sensor en un petit UAV MP superant les restriccions de pes, grandària i aerodinàmica de la plataforma. S'espera que l'ús d'aquest tipus de plataformes obri noves possibilitats en la detecció remota SAR aerotransportada, ja que ofereix molta més versatilitat que els UAV d'ales fixes habituals. S'han avaluat diferents estratègies de vol innovadores amb aquest tipus de plataformes i s'han obtingut resultats preliminars amb l'ús del sistema ARBRES-X. Durant el transcurs del present treball, s'ha dedicat molt esforç a assolir els primers resultats experimentals d'interferometria de múltiple passada obtinguts amb l'UAV MP conjuntament amb l'ARBRES-X. A més, el sensor ha estat dotat de capacitats totalment polarimètriques aplicant les millores desenvolupades al radar RISKSAR-X, el qual constitueix un altre exemple de la dualitat entre ambdós sistemes. Finalment, s'han realitzat amb èxit una apertura vertical i semicircular obtenint imatges SLC de l'escenari, el qual permet preveure la capacitat de l'UAV MP per a realitzar imatges tomogràfiques i apertures circulars completes en el futur. En conclusió, l'UAV MP és una plataforma prometedora que obre nous potencials per a diverses aplicacions, com ara la interferometria de múltiple passada o la tomografia diferencial amb la realització de trajectòries gairebé arbitràries.
Thomas, Amélie. "Cartographie et évaluation de la dynamique à court terme d'instabilités gravitaires de grandes ampleurs : exemple du massif de la Cristallère en haute Vallée d'Aspe (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France) : apports des mesures de positionnement satellitaire et des observations aériennes par drone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0914/document.
Full textFor these last decades, few subjects of the geology of the engineer have drawn the attention of the scientific community as much as those dealing of the natural hazards and more particularly with large-scale gravitational instabilities known as DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) and DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Based on few cases study on a natural scale (dating and recent monitoring), short term temporal dynamics remains one of their least studied aspects today. We made the choice of the Cristallère massif as an example. It is located in Upper Aspe Valley of the Pyrenees (Béarn region). The Cristallère DSL was recently identified and analyzed through two dating methods.On the basis of this work, our first approach consists in assessing short term temporal dynamics of these slopes movements on various scales and with various methods of satellites positioning (GPS and GLONASS constellations): multistation positioning RGP (Permanent Geodetic Network in France), statics geodetic with pivot and fast static with pivot. We insist in this work, given the original results obtained, on the interest of the differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with a pivot which must be geographically close to the observations to be carried out in order to ensure sufficient accuracy (cm).Observations and exploitation of drone digital elevation models of the site from aerial surveys at different scales obtained with a “flying wing” are the second approach to this research work. They complete the mapping of the site and demonstrate the existence of a DSGSD based on a high resolution and high precision geomorphometric characterization (cm); they make it possible to refine the delimitation of the Cristallère DSL and its most active area (Pène du Thès) and the Peilhou DSL.In addition to these two complementary approaches, a geological and geophysical survey (structural geology measurements, electrical resistivity tomographies and electromagnetic profiles Very Low Frequency surveys) and an analysis of the available data on the structures present in the unstable slope, such as the large diameter underground water pipe for the hydroelectric plant of Baralet and the former railway tunnel of Peilhou. The combined use of these three approaches confirms that the deep movements of the Cristallère massif are still active with proven seismic forcing: awareness of the potential role taken by the DSGSD is then fundamental. Thus, all the existing structures in the massif or the projects on this site (new constructions or rehabilitation of old structures) have to consider the existence of a slow and gradual change of the entire massif (DSGSD). Moreover, the methodology developed in this work is intended to be general. It also makes possible to monitor and follow, in the short and medium term, all types of ground movement, in particular landslides or rockslides, deep or superficial, slow or fast
Poh, Seng Cheong Telly. "Simulations of diversity techniques for urban UAV data links." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FPoh.pdf.
Full textАндрієвський, Д. О. "Інформаційна технологія ідентифікації кадрів на цифровому зображенні місцевості." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76460.
Full textMoraes, Rodrigo Saar de. "A distributed cooperative multi-UAV coordination system for crowd monitoring applications." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180131.
Full textObserving the current scenario, where terrorism and vandalism acts have become commonplace, particularly in big cities, it becomes clear the need to equip law enforcement forces with an efficient observation method, capable of identifying and observing potentially threatening individuals on crowds, to avoid or minimize damage in case of attacks. Moreover, with the popularization of small lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), these have become an affordable and efficient tool, which can be used to track and follow targets or survey areas or buildings quietly, safely and almost undetectably. This work presents the development of a multi-UAV based crowd monitoring system, demonstrating a system that uses small Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) UAVs to periodically monitor a group of moving walking individuals. The goal of this work is to develop a coordination system for a swarm of UAVS capable of continuously monitoring a large group of individuals (targets) in a crowd, alternately observing each of them at a time while trying to not lose sight of any of these targets. A system equipped with a group of UAVs running this proposal can be used for law-enforcement applications, assisting authorities to monitor crowds in order to identify and to follow suspicious individuals that can have attitudes that could be classified as vandalism or linked to terrorist attack attempts To address this problem a system composed of three parts is proposed and was developed in this thesis. First, an auction algorithm was put in place to distribute interest targets among the multiple UAVs. The UAVs, in turn, make use of a genetic algorithm to calculate the order in which they would visit each of the targets on their observation queue. Moreover, a target handover algorithm was also implemented to redistribute targets among the UAVs in case the system judged that a target was about to be lost by its current observer UAV. The proposed system was evaluated through a set of experiments set-up to verify and to demonstrate the system capabilities to perform such monitoring task, proving its efficiency. During these experiments, it is made clear that the system as a whole has a great potential to solve this kind of moving target monitoring problem that can be mapped to a Time Dependent Travel Salesman Problem (TDTSP), observing targets, and redistributing them among UAVs as necessary during the mission.
Pruvot-Sentous, Dominique. "Phe-uva vs puva dans le vitiligo : a propos de 81 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M138.
Full textMorgan, Hayden Matthew. "Small-Target Detection and Observation with Vision-Enabled Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8998.
Full textReymann, Christophe. "Observation missions with UAVs : defining and learning models for active perception and proposition of an architecture enabling repeatable distributed simulations." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0017/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on perception tasks for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). When sensing is the finality, having a good environment model as well as being capable of predicting the impacts of future observations is crucial. Active perception deals with integrating tightly perception models in the reasoning process, enabling the robot to gain knowledge about the status of its mission and to replan its sensing trajectory to react to unforeseen events and results. This manuscript describes two approaches for active perception tasks, in two radically different settings. The first one deals with mapping highly dynamic and small scale meteorological phenomena such as cumulus clouds. The presented approach uses Gaussian Process Regression to build environment models, learning its hyperparameters online. Normalized marginal information metrics are introduced to compute the quality of future observation trajectories. A stochastic planning algorithm is used to optimize an utility measure balancing maximization of theses metrics with energetic minimization goals. The second setting revolves around mapping crop fields for precision agriculture purposes. Using the output of a monocular graph Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm, a novel approach to building a relative error model is proposed. This model is learned both from features extracted from the SLAM algorithm’s data structures, as well as the underlying topology of the covisibility graph of the observations. All developments have been tested using realistic, distributed simulations. An analysis of the simulation issue in robotics is proposed. Focusing on the problem of managing time advancement of multiple interconnected simulators, a novel solution based on a decentralized scheme is presented
Muller, Laurent. "Contribution des théories sur l'autorégulation du comportement dans la compréhension des conduites d'observance thérapeutique : cas de l'hypertension artérielle." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Muller.Laurent.LMZ0404_1.pdf.
Full textArterial hypertension represents a major risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, many hypertensive patients do not observe correctly the medical recommendations. To explain the individual differences noted in the therapeutic observance, many social cognitive models sought to identify the determinants of the intention to set up a behavior. However, results revealed that the concept of intention was not sufficient to explain the effective behaviors setting. Recently, new health models integrated behavioral self-regulation views to explain the management of behavior and the translation of intention into action. The aim of this work is to take into account these new models to explain observance behaviors among hypertensive patients. For this purpose, three studies were developed. The objective of the first study is to determine the impact of features of personal goals structure on the psychological distress. The aim of the second study is to explore the impact of features of personal goals structure as well as motivational regulation variables on the progress towards personal health goal. Lastly, the third study was devoted to the problem of the therapeutic observance among hypertensive patients, and attempted to determine which are variables related to the features of personal goals structure and motivational regulation variables likely to explain the individual differences noted in the observance behaviors
Godard, Marie. "Les carbones amorphes hydrogénés : observations, synthèse et caractérisation en laboratoire de poussières interstellaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635907.
Full textCirigliano, Daniela. "Observation et diagnostic des protubérances solaires à partir des données de la mission SOHO." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112193.
Full textSolar prominences, known as singular perturbations of the solar corona, are complex structures confining a dilute and cold plasma, immersed in the hot corona plasma medium. Many different methods of spectroscopy analysis allow measuring the physical plasma parameters in solar prominences which are, in turn, the basis and constrains to the construction of any theoretical model. The answers to critical questions of mass support and stability strongly depend of their thermodynamic and magnetic conditions. The aim of this thesis work is, with the help of observations from SOHO (Solar Heliospheric Observatory) satellite, to measure several plasma parameters, like temperature, density and electronic pressure. We have registered solar prominence spectra in the UV / EUV domain. For this, we have observed line profiles from a large number of chemical elements in different ionisation states. The information we have obtained from the observed features allow us to perform the diagnostic of certain parameters such as emission measure, Doppler velocities, material fluxes and electronic density. The velocities of non-resolved motions in prominences give us a signature about an energy transport made by magnetohydrodynamic or Alfvén waves. We have proposed a magnetic flux tube model to represent the prominence morphology and we find some clues about the magnetic field lines behaviour with temperature. The set of observational data we have obtained is a unique occasion to test existent theories and encourage the study of active phenomena such as eruptive prominences
bin, Kaderi Akbar [Verfasser], Brita Daniela [Akademischer Betreuer] Zander, and Lorenz [Akademischer Betreuer] Singheiser. "Mitigation of Cr2O3's reduction by MnO in UHV and oxidising environments at 500°C and 700°C : an observation of initial oxidation of Fe-Cr alloy with in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy / Akbar bin Kaderi ; Brita Daniela Zander, Lorenz Singheiser." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195237456/34.
Full textLagrange-Henri, Anne Marie. "La composante gazeuse du disque protoplanétaire autour de l'etoile beta Pictoris." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723752.
Full textSarkissian, Alain. "Observation depuis le sol des nuages et des poussières dans l'atmosphère. Applications à la stratosphère polaire et à l'atmosphère de Mars." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747520.
Full textSéméria, Marie-Noëlle. "Etude de circuits submicroniques implantés pour mémoire à bulles magnétiques." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10137.
Full textHsu, Chen-Jui, and 許晟睿. "UAV observation and analytical approach to the wave run-up on a natural beach." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7shf96.
Full text國立交通大學
土木工程系所
107
Wave run-up is an important factor in the coastal sediments. Few previous studies on in-site wave run-up were fulfilled due to complexity of run-up in a natural beach and limited for in-site observation. In this study an unmanned aerial system was set up to have living recording the whole process of wave run-up. Through coordinate transformation between image coordinates and world coordinates for each photo instant wave run-up along the shoreline were computed and some analytical solution were proposed for the motion to explore the characteristics of bore run-up. Bore run-up is mainly affected by the forebeach slope and bottom friction, and the varied characteristics of bore run-up on a natural beach. The natural beach is suitably described by a linear or a bilinear equation in this study. A fixed bore or a varied bore is assumed to move on the beach in the theoretical . Analytical solutions of such bores are proposed for the run-up of two kinds of expressed beaches based on the motion equation proposed by Kirkgöz. Comparison of the run up of bore with that by empirical formula of Mase and Iwagaki (1984) shows that if the bore is fixed, the mean squared errors of uniform slope and of bilinear slope are 3.8% and 5.3%, and the biases of such slopes are 2.8% and 3.5%, respectively. If the bore is varied, two mean squared errors are 9.0% and 8.9%, the biases are 8.9% and 8.4%, respectively, for such slopes. All analytical solutions of the bore run-up on the flood are closer to the measured ones than those on the same level during ebb. The mean squared errors between the measured run-ups with the solutions for the beach expressed by two kinds of slopes are 11.6% and 11.3%, respectively, corresponding biases are 8.8% and 8.5%.