Academic literature on the topic 'Observations by UAV'
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Journal articles on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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Kwak, Kyung-Hwan, Seung-Hyeop Lee, A.-Young Kim, Kwon-Chan Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Beom-Soon Han, Joohyun Lee, and Young-San Park. "Daytime Evolution of Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure: Comparative Observations between a 307-m Meteorological Tower and a Rotary-Wing UAV." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111142.
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A 307-m tall meteorological tower was used to evaluate meteorological observation data obtained using a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A comparative study between the tower and UAV observations was conducted during the daytime (06:00 to 19:00 local time (LT)) in the summer of 2017 (16–18th August). Hourly vertical profiles of air temperature, relative humidity, black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) concentrations were obtained for up to 300 m height. Statistical metrics for evaluating the accuracy of UAV observations against the tower observation showed positive (potential temperature) and negative (relative humidity) biases, which were within acceptable ranges. The daytime evolution of the lower atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) was successfully captured by the hourly UAV observations. During the early morning, a large vertical slope of potential temperature was observed between 100 and 140 m, corresponding to the stable ABL height. The large vertical slope coincided with the large differences in BC and O3 concentrations between altitudes below and above the height. The transition from stable to convective ABL was observed at 10–11 LT, indicated by the ABL height higher than 300 m in the convective ABL. Finally, we provide several recommendations to reduce uncertainties of UAV observation.
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Liu, Jianli, Xiaohan Liao, Huping Ye, Huanyin Yue, Yong Wang, Xiang Tan, and Dongliang Wang. "UAV Swarm Scheduling Method for Remote Sensing Observations during Emergency Scenarios." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061406.
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Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has been widely used in emergency scenarios; the operating mode has transitioned from one UAV to multiple UAVs. However, the current multiple-UAV remote sensing mode is characterized by high labor costs and limited operational capabilities; meanwhile, there is no suitable UAV swarm scheduling method that can be applied to remote sensing in emergency scenarios. To solve these problems, this study proposes a UAV swarm scheduling method. Firstly, the tasks were formulated and decomposed according to the data requirements and the maximum flight range of a UAV; then, the task sets were decomposed according to the maximum flight range of the UAV swarm to form task subsets; finally, aiming at the shortest total flight range of the task subsets and to balance the flight ranges of each UAV, taking the complete execution of the tasks as the constraint, the task allocation model was constructed, and the model was solved via a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the UAV swarm scheduling scheme. Compared with the direct allocation method and the manual scheduling methods, the results show that the proposed method has high usability and efficiency.
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Yang, Bin, Wanxue Zhu, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Jing Li, Zhigang Sun, and Junqiang Zhang. "The Optimal Phenological Phase of Maize for Yield Prediction with High-Frequency UAV Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071559.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral remote sensing effectively monitors agro-ecosystem functioning and predicts crop yield. However, the timing of the remote sensing field campaigns can profoundly impact the accuracy of yield predictions. Little is known on the effects of phenological phases on skills of high-frequency sensing observations used to predict maize yield. It is also unclear how much improvement can be gained using multi-temporal compared to mono-temporal data. We used a systematic scheme to address those gaps employing UAV multispectral observations at nine development stages of maize (from second-leaf to maturity). Next, the spectral and texture indices calculated from the mono-temporal and multi-temporal UAV images were fed into the Random Forest model for yield prediction. Our results indicated that multi-temporal UAV data could remarkably enhance the yield prediction accuracy compared with mono-temporal UAV data (R2 increased by 8.1% and RMSE decreased by 27.4%). For single temporal UAV observation, the fourteenth-leaf stage was the earliest suitable time and the milking stage was the optimal observing time to estimate grain yield. For multi-temporal UAV data, the combination of tasseling, silking, milking, and dough stages exhibited the highest yield prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.77 t·ha−1). Furthermore, we found that the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and dissimilarity of the near-infrared image at milking stage were the most promising feature variables for maize yield prediction.
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Gao, Sha, Shu Gan, Xiping Yuan, Rui Bi, Raobo Li, Lin Hu, and Weidong Luo. "Experimental Study on 3D Measurement Accuracy Detection of Low Altitude UAV for Repeated Observation of an Invariant Surface." Processes 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010004.
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Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry combined with structure-from-motion (SFM) algorithms is the latest technological approach to imaging 3D stereo constructions. At present, derivative products have been widely used in landslide monitoring, landscape evolution, glacier movement, volume measurement, and landscape change detection. However, there is still a lack of research into the accuracy of 3D data positioning based on the structure-from-motion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV-SFM) technology, itself, which can affect the measurable effectiveness of the results in further applications of this technological approach. In this paper, validation work was carried out for the DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV, for earth observation data related to 3D positioning accuracy. First, a test plot with a relatively stable surface was selected for repeated flight imaging observations. Specifically, three repeated flights were performed on the test plot to obtain three sorties of images; the structure from motion and multi-view stereo (SFM-MVS) key technology was used to process and construct a 3D scene model, and based on this model the digital surface model (DSM) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) data of the same plot with repeated observations were obtained. In order to check the level of 3D measurement accuracy of the UAV technology itself, a window selection-based method was used to sample the point cloud set data from the three-sortie repeat observation 3D model. The DSM and DOM data obtained from three repeated flights over the surface invariant test plots were used to calculate the repeat observation 3D point errors, taking into account the general methodology of redundant observation error analysis for topographic surveys. At the same time, to further analyze the limits of the UAV measurement technique, possible under equivalent observation conditions with the same processing environment, a difference model (DOD) was constructed for the DSM data from three sorties, to deepen the overall characterization of the differences between the DSMs obtained from repeated observations. The results of the experimental study concluded that both the analysis of the 3D point set measurements based on window sampling and the accuracy evaluation using the difference model were generally able to achieve a centimeter level of planimetric accuracy and vertical accuracy. In addition, the accuracy of the surface-stabilized hardened ground was better, overall, than the accuracy of the non-hardened ground. The results of this paper not only probe the measurement limits of this type of UAV, but also provide a quantitative reference for the accurate control and setting of an acquisition scheme of the UAV-based SfM-MVS method for geomorphological data acquisition and 3D reconstruction.
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Chen, Xiaotong, Qin Li, Ronghao Li, Xiangyuan Cai, Jiangnan Wei, and Hongying Zhao. "UAV Network Path Planning and Optimization Using a Vehicle Routing Model." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (April 22, 2023): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092227.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has been applied in various fields due to its rapid implementation ability and high-resolution imagery. Single-UAV remote sensing has low efficiency and struggles to meet the growing demands of complex aerial remote sensing tasks, posing challenges for practical applications. Using multiple UAVs or a UAV network for remote sensing applications can overcome the difficulties and provide large-scale ultra-high-resolution data rapidly. UAV network path planning is required for these important applications. However, few studies have investigated UAV network path planning for remote sensing observations, and existing methods have various problems in practical applications. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm for UAV network path planning based on the vehicle routing problem (VRP). The algorithm transforms the task assignment problem of the UAV network into a VRP and optimizes the task assignment result by minimizing the observation time of the UAV network. The optimized path plan prevents route crossings effectively. The accuracy and validity of the proposed algorithms were verified by simulations. Moreover, comparative experiments with different task allocation objectives further validated the applicability of the proposed algorithm for various remote sensing applications
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Amalia, Nabila, Syamsidik Syamsidik, and Nazli Ismail. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Ground Movement Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry in Gampong Lamkleng, Aceh Besar." International Journal of Disaster Management 6, no. 1 (June 2, 2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/ijdm.v6i1.31770.
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Ground movement is one of the most frequent disasters causing major damages in Indonesia. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been widely used as a rapid observation method to obtain detailed characterization of ground movement. Often, active landslide area is difficult to access. This hinders close monitoring and observations of the ground movement. This study aims to demonstrate the use of UAV as tools for monitoring and observations on active ground movement area and to validate the results. For this purpose, the study was conducted at Gampong Lamkleng, Aceh Besar-Indonesia using spatio-temporal analysis by UAV photogrammetry. The UAV was chosen because it is easy to use, practical, and safe for landslide area that are relatively small and difficult to reach. Aerial photographs were processed using the Agisoft Metashape software in modeling and analyzed using Quantum GIS (QGIS) and ArcGis. The observation results show that the largest ground movement occurred in January 20 to 23, 2021 which was related to precipitation rates measured at a nearby rainfall station. The movement volume was 1,411.063 m3 and a rate of ground movement reaching 0.69 m/day due to heavy rain. The estimated value of losses is IDR 1,055,854,000. The UAV images analysis were compared to actual ground elevation measured using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK). The validation show that the accuracy based on comparison between photogrammetric and RTK measurement was at agreeable rate (99%). Otherwise, the accuracy performed on 19 check point using Root Mean Square Error analysis found that the accuracy was still very low. The low RMSE value is due to the georeferencing process using the Ground Control Point not being carried out.
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Kezoudi, Maria, Christos Keleshis, Panayiota Antoniou, George Biskos, Murat Bronz, Christos Constantinides, Maximillien Desservettaz, et al. "The Unmanned Systems Research Laboratory (USRL): A New Facility for UAV-Based Atmospheric Observations." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081042.
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The Unmanned Systems Research Laboratory (USRL) of the Cyprus Institute is a new mobile exploratory platform of the EU Research Infrastructure Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS). USRL offers exclusive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-sensor solutions that can be deployed anywhere in Europe and beyond, e.g., during intensive field campaigns through a transnational access scheme in compliance with the drone regulation set by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) for the research, innovation, and training. UAV sensor systems play a growing role in the portfolio of Earth observation systems. They can provide cost-effective, spatial in-situ atmospheric observations which are complementary to stationary observation networks. They also have strong potential for calibrating and validating remote-sensing sensors and retrieval algorithms, mapping close-to-the-ground emission point sources and dispersion plumes, and evaluating the performance of atmospheric models. They can provide unique information relevant to the short- and long-range transport of gas and aerosol pollutants, radiative forcing, cloud properties, emission factors and a variety of atmospheric parameters. Since its establishment in 2015, USRL is participating in major international research projects dedicated to (1) the better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions, (2) the profiling of aerosol optical properties in different atmospheric environments, (3) the vertical distribution of air pollutants in and above the planetary boundary layer, (4) the validation of Aeolus satellite dust products by utilizing novel UAV-balloon-sensor systems, and (5) the chemical characterization of ship and stack emissions. A comprehensive overview of the new UAV-sensor systems developed by USRL and their field deployments is presented here. This paper aims to illustrate the strong scientific potential of UAV-borne measurements in the atmospheric sciences and the need for their integration in Earth observation networks.
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Kral, Stephan, Joachim Reuder, Timo Vihma, Irene Suomi, Ewan O’Connor, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Burkhard Wrenger, et al. "Innovative Strategies for Observations in the Arctic Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ISOBAR)—The Hailuoto 2017 Campaign." Atmosphere 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070268.
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The aim of the research project “Innovative Strategies for Observations in the Arctic Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ISOBAR)” is to substantially increase the understanding of the stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) through a combination of well-established and innovative observation methods as well as by models of different complexity. During three weeks in February 2017, a first field campaign was carried out over the sea ice of the Bothnian Bay in the vicinity of the Finnish island of Hailuoto. Observations were based on ground-based eddy-covariance (EC), automatic weather stations (AWS) and remote-sensing instrumentation as well as more than 150 flight missions by several different Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) during mostly stable and very stable boundary layer conditions. The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and above could be resolved at a very high vertical resolution, especially close to the ground, by combining surface-based measurements with UAV observations, i.e., multicopter and fixed-wing profiles up to 200 m agl and 1800 m agl, respectively. Repeated multicopter profiles provided detailed information on the evolution of the SBL, in addition to the continuous SODAR and LIDAR wind measurements. The paper describes the campaign and the potential of the collected data set for future SBL research and focuses on both the UAV operations and the benefits of complementing established measurement methods by UAV measurements to enable SBL observations at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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Revill, Andrew, Anna Florence, Alasdair MacArthur, Stephen Hoad, Robert Rees, and Mathew Williams. "Quantifying Uncertainty and Bridging the Scaling Gap in the Retrieval of Leaf Area Index by Coupling Sentinel-2 and UAV Observations." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111843.
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Leaf area index (LAI) estimates can inform decision-making in crop management. The European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellite, with observations in the red-edge spectral region, can monitor crops globally at sub-field spatial resolutions (10–20 m). However, satellite LAI estimates require calibration with ground measurements. Calibration is challenged by spatial heterogeneity and scale mismatches between field and satellite measurements. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), generating high-resolution (cm-scale) LAI estimates, provide intermediary observations that we use here to characterise uncertainty and reduce spatial scaling discrepancies between Sentinel-2 observations and field surveys. We use a novel UAV multispectral sensor that matches Sentinel-2 spectral bands, flown in conjunction with LAI ground measurements. UAV and field surveys were conducted on multiple dates—coinciding with different wheat growth stages—that corresponded to Sentinel-2 overpasses. We compared chlorophyll red-edge index (CIred-edge) maps, derived from the Sentinel-2 and UAV platforms. We used Gaussian processes regression machine learning to calibrate a UAV model for LAI, based on ground data. Using the UAV LAI, we evaluated a two-stage calibration approach for generating robust LAI estimates from Sentinel-2. The agreement between Sentinel-2 and UAV CIred-edge values increased with growth stage—R2 ranged from 0.32 (stem elongation) to 0.75 (milk development). The CIred-edge variance between the two platforms was more comparable later in the growing season due to a more homogeneous and closed wheat canopy. The single-stage Sentinel-2 LAI calibration (i.e., direct calibration from ground measurements) performed poorly (mean R2 = 0.29, mean NRMSE = 17%) when compared to the two-stage calibration using the UAV data (mean R2 = 0.88, mean NRMSE = 8%). The two-stage approach reduced both errors and biases by >50%. By upscaling ground measurements and providing more representative model training samples, UAV observations provide an effective and viable means of enhancing Sentinel-2 wheat LAI retrievals. We anticipate that our UAV calibration approach to resolving spatial heterogeneity would enhance the retrieval accuracy of LAI and additional biophysical variables for other arable crop types and a broader range of vegetation cover types.
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Matsuba, Yoshinao, Takenori Shimozono, and Yoshimitsu Tajima. "OBSERVATION OF NEARSHORE WAVE-WAVE INTERACTION USING UAV." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.waves.12.
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Infragravity waves, generated by nearshore wave-wave interaction, potentially increase the coastal hazard. Lack of detailed observation of nearshore wave fields however makes it difficult to fully understand the behavior of infragravity waves under wave-wave interactions. These days, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have enabled us to easily capture the top-view images of the dynamic nearshore behavior with sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we conducted UAV-based observations of cross-shore variations of wave spectral characteristics to clarify the nearshore wave-wave interactions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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Wang, Di. "What controls the 3D distribution of water vapor isotopic composition in East Asia?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS567.pdf.
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Contrairement aux carottes de glace polaires, les variations isotopiques dans les carottes de glace tibétaines compliquent l'interprétation des signaux de température. L'une des principales raisons est que dans les régions de mousson aux latitudes basses et moyennes, les isotopes de l'eau sont influencés par des processus convectifs et nuageux. Il est nécessaire de mieux comprendre le comportement des isotopes de l'eau et les contrôles dynamiques impliqués dans la transpiration et la convection de l'humidité. Des observations in situ à grande échelle et des profils verticaux des isotopes de la vapeur pendant la convection seraient utiles, mais ces données sont rares. Le but de cette thèse a été de documenter les variations horizontales, verticales et temporelles de la mousson d'Asie de l'Est. D’abord, afin de documenter les variations horizontales près de la surface et saisonnières de la composition isotopique stable de l’eau en Chine, nous avons effectué des observations in situ des isotopes de la vapeur d'eau sur une vaste région de la Chine (plus de 10 000 km) pendant les saisons de pré-mousson et de mousson, à l'aide d'un système de mesure des isotopes de la vapeur d'eau nouvellement conçu et installé sur un véhicule. Nous avons constaté que les variations spatiales de la vapeur δ18O sont principalement contrôlées par la distillation de Rayleigh le long des trajectoires des masses d'air pendant la saison de pré-mousson, et sont fortement influencées par différentes sources d'humidité, les processus de recyclage continental et la convection le long du transport de l'humidité pendant la saison de la mousson. Ces résultats donnent un aperçu de la distribution spatiale et de la variabilité saisonnière de la composition isotopique de l'eau en Asie de l'Est et de leurs facteurs de contrôle, et soulignent la nécessité d'interpréter les enregistrements proxy dans le contexte du système régional et des sources d'humidité. Ensuite, pour mieux comprendre les processus physiques qui contrôlent la distribution verticale des isotopes de la vapeur et sa variabilité intra-saisonnière et saisonnière, nous avons observé les profils verticaux des isotopes de la vapeur de l'atmosphère jusqu'à la haute troposphère (de la surface du sol à 3856 m jusqu'à 11000 m d'altitude) de juin à octobre dans le sud-est du plateau tibétain à l'aide d'un drone spécialement conçu à cet effet. Pour l’échantillonnage, nous avons utilisé des sacs d’air, mais avons rencontré des problèmes de perméabilité généralement associés à ces sacs. Pour corriger ces problèmes, nous avons développé un modèle de diffusion et en avons calibré les paramètres avec des expériences de laboratoire. Ceci nous a permis de documenter pour la première fois que la distribution verticale des isotopes de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique pendant toute la période de la mousson jusqu'à la haute troposphère, avec une résolution verticale et une gamme d'altitudes sans précédent. Nous constatons que les profils verticaux de la composition isotopique de la vapeur d'eau reflètent une combinaison de processus à grande échelle, en particulier la convection profonde et le recyclage continental le long des trajectoires, et les processus convectifs locaux, en particulier le détrainement convectif et la sublimation des cristaux de glace. Les variations saisonnières et intra-saisonnières observées sont généralement cohérentes verticalement, en raison du fort mélange convectif vertical et du détrainement convectif local de la vapeur provenant des basses couches, et reflètent les variations de convection profonde le long des trajectoiresUnlike polar ice core records, the isotope variations in Tibetan ice cores challenge the interpretation of temperature signals. One of the main reasons is that in monsoon regions at low and middle latitudes, water isotopes are influenced by convective and cloud processes. A deeper understanding of water isotope behavior and the dynamical controls involved in moisture transpiration and convection is needed. Large-scale in-situ observations and vertical profiles of vapor isotopes during convection would be helpful. However, such data are rare. The aim of this thesis was to document horizontal, vertical, and temporal variations in the isotopic composition of water in East Asian monsoon region. First, to document the horizontal and seasonal variations of water isotopes near the surface across China, we made in-situ observations of near-surface vapor isotopes over a large region (over 10000 km) across China in both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, using a newly-designed vehicle-based vapor isotope monitoring system. We found that the observed spatial variations of vapor δ18O are mainly controlled by Rayleigh distillation along air mass trajectories during the pre-monsoon period, but are significantly influenced by different moisture sources, continental recycling processes, and convection along moisture transport during the monsoon period. These results provide an overview of the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of water isotopic composition in East Asia and their controlling factors and emphasize the need to interpret proxy records in the context of the regional system and moisture sources. Second, to better understand the physical processes that control the vertical distribution of vapor isotopes and its intra-seasonal and seasonal variability, we observed the vertical profiles of atmosphere vapor isotopes up to the upper troposphere (from the ground surface at 3856m up to 11000m a.s.l.) from June to October in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using a specially-designed unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) system. For the sampling, we chose to carry air bags on UAVs as a portable sampling device, but encountered the permeability problem commonly associated with these bags. To corrected for this problem, we developed a diffusion model with diffusion parameters calibrated through laboratory experiments. This allows us to document for the first time the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor isotopes across the entire monsoon period up to the upper troposphere, boasting an unprecedented vertical resolution and altitude range. We find that the vertical profiles of water vapor isotopic composition reflect a combination of large-scale processes, in particular deep convection and continental recycling along trajectories, and local convective processes, in particular convective detrainment, and sublimation of ice crystals. The observed seasonal and intra-seasonal variations are generally vertically coherent, due to the strong vertical convective mixing and local convective detrainment of vapor originating from the low levels, and are mainly due to deep convection along trajectories
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Lort, Cuenca Marc. "Contribution to ground-based and UAV SAR systems for Earth observation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461638.
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Mankind's way of life is the main driver of a planetary-scale change that is marked by the growing of human population's demand of energy, food, goods, services and information. As a result, it have emerged new ecological, economical, social and geopolitical concerns.
In this scenario, SAR remote sensing is a potential tool that provides unique information about the Earth's properties and processes that can be used to solve societal challenges of local and global dimension. SARs, which are coherent systems that are able to provide high resolution images with weather independence, represent a suitable alternative for EO with diverse applications. Some examples of SAR application areas are topography (DEM generation with interferometry), agriculture (crop classification or soil moisture), or geology (monitoring surface deformation).
In this framework, the encompassing objective of the present doctoral work has been part of the implementation and the subsequent evaluation of capabilities of two X-band SAR sensors. On the one hand, the RISKSAR-X radar designed to be operated at ground to monitor small-scale areas of observation and, on the other, the ARBRES-X sensor designed to be integrated into small UAVs. Despite its inherently dissimilar conception, the concurrence of both sensors has been evidenced along this manuscript. By taking advantage of the similarities between them, it has been possible to analogously assess both sensors to obtain conclusions. In this context, the common link has been the development of the polarimetric OtF operation mode of the RISKSAR-X, allowing this sensor to be operated equivalently to the ARBRES-X.
Regarding the RISKSAR-X SAR sensor, several hardware contributions have been developed during part of this Ph.D. with the aim of improving the system performance. By endowing the system with the capability to operate in the fully polarimetric OtF acquisition mode, the relative long scanning time has been reduced. It is of great interest since the measured scatterers that present a short term variable reflectivity during the scanning time, such as moving vegetation, may degrade the extracted parameters from the retrieved data and the SAR image reconstruction. During this doctoral activity, it has been studied the image blurring, the decorrelation and the coherence degradation introduced by this effect. Furthermore, a new term in the differential interferometric coherence that takes into account the image blurring has been introduced.
Concerning the ARBRES-X SAR system, one of the main objectives pursued during this Ph.D. has been the integration of the sensor into a small UAV MP overcoming restrictions of weight, size and aerodynamics of the platform. The use of this type of platforms is expected to open up new possibilities in airborne SAR remote sensing, since it offers much more versatility than the commonly used fixed wings UAVs.
Different innovative flight strategies with this type of platforms have been assessed and some preliminary results have been obtained with the use of the ARBRES-X SAR system. During the course of the present doctoral work, much effort has been devoted to achieve the first experimental repeat-pass interfereometric results obtained with the UAV MP together with the ARBRES-X. Moreover, the sensor has been endowed with fully polarimetric capabilities by applying the improvements developed to the RISKSAR-X radar, which is another example of the duality between both systems. Finally, a vertical and a semicircular aperture have been successfully performed obtaining SLC images of the scenario, which envisages the capability of the UAV MP to perform tomographic images and complete circular apertures in the future.
In conclusion, the UAV MP is a promising platform that opens new potentials for several applications, such as repeat-pass interferometry or differential tomography imaging with the realization of almost arbitrary trajectories.El mode de viure de la humanitat és el principal motor d'un canvi a escala planetària que està marcat per la creixent demanda d'energia, d'aliment, de béns, de serveis i d'informació de les poblacions humanes. Com a resultat, han sorgit noves inquietuds ecològiques, econòmiques, socials i geopolítiques. En aquest escenari, la detecció remota SAR és una eina potencial que proporciona informació única sobre les propietats i processos de la Terra que es pot utilitzar per resoldre reptes socials de dimensió local i global. Els SARs, que són sistemes coherents que poden proporcionar imatges d'alta resolució amb independència del temps, representen una alternativa adequada per a l'observació de la Terra. Alguns exemples d'àrees d'aplicació SAR són la topografia (generació de DEM amb interferometria), l'agricultura (classificació de cultius o humitat del sòl) o la geologia (monitoratge de deformació superficial). En aquest context, l'objectiu general del present doctorat ha estat part de la implementació i posterior avaluació de les capacitats de dos sensors SAR de banda X. D'una banda, el radar RISKSAR-X dissenyat per funcionar a terra i monitoritzar àrees d'observació a petita escala i, d'altra, el sensor ARBRES-X dissenyat per ser integrat en petits UAVs. Malgrat la seva concepció inherentment diferent, la concurrència d'ambdós sensors s'ha evidenciat al llarg d'aquest manuscrit. Aprofitant les similituds entre ells, s'han pogut avaluar de forma anàloga els dos sensors per obtenir conclusions. En aquest sentit, el vincle comú ha estat el desenvolupament del mode de funcionament polimètric OtF del RISKSAR-X, permetent que aquest sensor operi de forma equivalent a l'ARBRES-X. Pel que fa al sensor RISKSAR-X, s'han desenvolupat diverses contribucions hardware durant part d'aquest doctorat amb l'objectiu de millorar el rendiment del sistema. En dotar el sistema de la possibilitat d'operar en el mode d'adquisició totalment polarimètric OtF, s'ha reduït el relatiu llarg temps d'escaneig. Això és de gran interès ja que els blancs mesurats que presenten una reflectivitat variable a curt termini, com ara la vegetació en moviment, poden degradar els paràmetres extrets de les dades recuperades i la reconstrucció d'imatges SAR. Durant aquesta activitat doctoral s'ha estudiat el desenfocat de la imatge, la decorrelació i la degradació de la coherència introduïts per aquest efecte. A més, s'ha introduït un nou terme en la coherència interferomètrica diferencial que té en compte el desenfocat de la imatge. Pel que fa al sistema ARBRES-X, un dels principals objectius perseguits durant aquest doctorat ha estat la integració del sensor en un petit UAV MP superant les restriccions de pes, grandària i aerodinàmica de la plataforma. S'espera que l'ús d'aquest tipus de plataformes obri noves possibilitats en la detecció remota SAR aerotransportada, ja que ofereix molta més versatilitat que els UAV d'ales fixes habituals. S'han avaluat diferents estratègies de vol innovadores amb aquest tipus de plataformes i s'han obtingut resultats preliminars amb l'ús del sistema ARBRES-X. Durant el transcurs del present treball, s'ha dedicat molt esforç a assolir els primers resultats experimentals d'interferometria de múltiple passada obtinguts amb l'UAV MP conjuntament amb l'ARBRES-X. A més, el sensor ha estat dotat de capacitats totalment polarimètriques aplicant les millores desenvolupades al radar RISKSAR-X, el qual constitueix un altre exemple de la dualitat entre ambdós sistemes. Finalment, s'han realitzat amb èxit una apertura vertical i semicircular obtenint imatges SLC de l'escenari, el qual permet preveure la capacitat de l'UAV MP per a realitzar imatges tomogràfiques i apertures circulars completes en el futur. En conclusió, l'UAV MP és una plataforma prometedora que obre nous potencials per a diverses aplicacions, com ara la interferometria de múltiple passada o la tomografia diferencial amb la realització de trajectòries gairebé arbitràries.
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Thomas, Amélie. "Cartographie et évaluation de la dynamique à court terme d'instabilités gravitaires de grandes ampleurs : exemple du massif de la Cristallère en haute Vallée d'Aspe (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France) : apports des mesures de positionnement satellitaire et des observations aériennes par drone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0914/document.
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Depuis ces dernières décennies, peu de sujets de la géologie de l’ingénieur ont attiré autant l’attention de la communauté scientifique que ceux traitant des risques naturels et plus particulièrement des instabilités gravitaires de grandes ampleurs reconnues sous les termes de DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) et de DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Basée sur un nombre limité de cas d’étude à l’échelle naturelle (couplage datation et surveillance récente), la dynamique temporelle à court terme reste l’un de leurs aspects les moins étudiés aujourd’hui. Nous avons choisi l’exemple du massif de la Cristallère, situé en haute Vallée d’Aspe dans les Pyrénées béarnaises, où le DSL de la Cristallère a été récemment identifié et analysé à partir de deux méthodes de datation.Dans la continuité de ce travail, notre première approche consiste à évaluer la dynamique temporelle à court terme des mouvements de ce versant à différentes échelles et à partir de différentes méthodes de positionnement par satellites (constellations GPS et GLONASS) : positionnement multistations RGP (Réseau Géodésique Permanent), statique géodésique avec pivot et statique rapide avec pivot. Nous insistons dans ce travail, compte tenu des résultats originaux obtenus, sur l’intérêt du différentiel GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) avec un pivot qui se doit d’être proche géographiquement des observations à mener afin d’assurer une précision suffisante (de l’ordre du cm).Les observations et l'exploitation des modèles numériques de terrain issues des relevés aériens à différentes échelles obtenus avec un drone du type « aile volante » constituent la deuxième approche de ce travail de recherche. Elles viennent compléter la cartographie du site et démontrer l’existence d’un DSGSD à partir d’une caractérisation géomorphométrique haute résolution et haute précision (de l’ordre du cm également) ; elles permettent d’affiner la délimitation du DSL de la Cristallère et de sa zone la plus active (Pène du Thès) et du DSL du Peilhou.À ces deux approches complémentaires (combinaison de données tridimensionnelles ponctuelles et surfaciques), s’ajoutent préalablement un relevé de terrain géologique etgéophysique (mesures structurales, tomographies de résistivités électriques et profils électromagnétiques Very Low Frequency) ainsi qu’une analyse des archives disponibles sur les ouvrages présents dans le versant instable, tels que la galerie drainante de la centrale hydroélectrique du Baralet et l’ancien tunnel ferroviaire du Peilhou.L’utilisation combinée de ces trois approches confirme que les mouvements profonds du massif de la Cristallère sont encore actifs avec un forçage sismique avéré : la prise de conscience du rôle que peut jouer le DSGSD est tout aussi fondamentale. Ainsi tous les ouvrages existants dans le massif, ou les projets d’aménagement ou de réhabilitation sur ce site doivent considérer l’existence d’une déstructuration, lente et progressive de l’ensemble du massif (DSGSD). Par ailleurs, la méthodologie développée dans ce travail se veut générale et peut être utilisée pour surveiller et suivre, à court et moyen terme, tous types de mouvement de terrain, et en particulier les glissements de terrain ou rocheux, profonds ou superficiels, lents ou rapidesFor these last decades, few subjects of the geology of the engineer have drawn the attention of the scientific community as much as those dealing of the natural hazards and more particularly with large-scale gravitational instabilities known as DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) and DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Based on few cases study on a natural scale (dating and recent monitoring), short term temporal dynamics remains one of their least studied aspects today. We made the choice of the Cristallère massif as an example. It is located in Upper Aspe Valley of the Pyrenees (Béarn region). The Cristallère DSL was recently identified and analyzed through two dating methods.On the basis of this work, our first approach consists in assessing short term temporal dynamics of these slopes movements on various scales and with various methods of satellites positioning (GPS and GLONASS constellations): multistation positioning RGP (Permanent Geodetic Network in France), statics geodetic with pivot and fast static with pivot. We insist in this work, given the original results obtained, on the interest of the differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with a pivot which must be geographically close to the observations to be carried out in order to ensure sufficient accuracy (cm).Observations and exploitation of drone digital elevation models of the site from aerial surveys at different scales obtained with a “flying wing” are the second approach to this research work. They complete the mapping of the site and demonstrate the existence of a DSGSD based on a high resolution and high precision geomorphometric characterization (cm); they make it possible to refine the delimitation of the Cristallère DSL and its most active area (Pène du Thès) and the Peilhou DSL.In addition to these two complementary approaches, a geological and geophysical survey (structural geology measurements, electrical resistivity tomographies and electromagnetic profiles Very Low Frequency surveys) and an analysis of the available data on the structures present in the unstable slope, such as the large diameter underground water pipe for the hydroelectric plant of Baralet and the former railway tunnel of Peilhou. The combined use of these three approaches confirms that the deep movements of the Cristallère massif are still active with proven seismic forcing: awareness of the potential role taken by the DSGSD is then fundamental. Thus, all the existing structures in the massif or the projects on this site (new constructions or rehabilitation of old structures) have to consider the existence of a slow and gradual change of the entire massif (DSGSD). Moreover, the methodology developed in this work is intended to be general. It also makes possible to monitor and follow, in the short and medium term, all types of ground movement, in particular landslides or rockslides, deep or superficial, slow or fast
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Poh, Seng Cheong Telly. "Simulations of diversity techniques for urban UAV data links." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FPoh.pdf.
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Андрієвський, Д. О. "Інформаційна технологія ідентифікації кадрів на цифровому зображенні місцевості." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76460.
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Сформовано вхідний математичний опис бортової системи ідентифікації кадрів на цифровому
зображенні місцевості. Запропоновано категорійні моделі і на їх основі розроблено і програмно
реалізовано алгоритм машинного навчання бортової системи ідентифікації кадрів. За отриманими
в процесі машинного навчання побудовано вирішальні правила, які забезпечили достатньо високу
повну ймовірність правильної ідентифікації кадрів зображення місцевості. Розроблений алгоритм
реалізовано у формі програмного забезпечення, створеного за алгоритмічній мові C#.
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Moraes, Rodrigo Saar de. "A distributed cooperative multi-UAV coordination system for crowd monitoring applications." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180131.
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Ao observar a situação atual, na qual atos de vandalismo e terrorismo tornaram-se frequentes e cada vez mais presentes ao redor do mundo, principalmente em grandes cidades, torna-se clara a necessidade de equipar as forças policiais com tecnologias de observação e monitoramento inteligentes, capazes de identificar e monitorar indivíduos potencialmente perigosos que possam estar infiltrados nas multidões. Ao mesmo tempo, com sua recente popularização, veículos aéreos não tripulados, também chamados VANTs e conhecidos popularmente como "drones", acabaram por tornar-se ferramentas baratas e eficientes para diversas aplicações, incluindo observação, fornecendo a seus utilizadores a capacidade de monitorar alvos, áreas, ou prédios de forma segura e quase imperceptível. Unindo estas duas tendências, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema multi-VANT para observção de alvos móveis em multidões, demonstrando a possibilidade de utilização de pequenos VANTs comerciais comuns para o monitoramento de grupos de pedestres. O principal objetivo de tal sistema é monitorar continuamente indivíduos de interesse em um grupo de pessoas, visitando cada um destes indivíduos alternadamente, de forma a manter um registro geral do estado de cada um deles Um sistema deste tipo poderia, por exemplo, ser utilizado por autoridades no controle de manifestações e outras atividades em que grandes grupos de pessoas estejam envolvidos, ajudando a polícia e outros órgãos a identificar indivíduos com comportamento suspeito ou agressivo mais rapidamente, evitando ou minimizando os efeitos de atitudes de vandalismo e de ataques terroristas. Com o intuíto de abordar tal problema da forma mais completa e adequada possível, esta tese apresenta a concepção e o desenvolvimento de um sistema híbrido composto de três diferentes algoritmos: um algoritmo de distribuição de alvos; um de roteamento; e um de repasse de alvos. Primeiramente, neste sistema, um algoritmo de distribuição de alvos baseado em um paradigma de mercado que simula um leilão distribui os alvos entre os VANTs da melhor forma possível. Os VANTs, por sua vez, utilizam um algoritmo genético de roteamento para resolver uma instância do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante e decidir a melhor rota para visitar cada alvo sob sua responsabilidade. Ao mesmo tempo, o sistema analisa a necessidade de redistribuição dos alvos, ativando um algoritmo capaz de realizar esta ação ao perceber sua necessidade quando na iminência de perder algum alvo de vista. Ao fim de seu desenvolvimento, o sistema proposto foi testado em uma série de experimentos especialmente desenvolvidos para avaliar seu desempenho em situações controladas e comprovar sua eficiência para realizar a missão pretendida.Observing the current scenario, where terrorism and vandalism acts have become commonplace, particularly in big cities, it becomes clear the need to equip law enforcement forces with an efficient observation method, capable of identifying and observing potentially threatening individuals on crowds, to avoid or minimize damage in case of attacks. Moreover, with the popularization of small lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), these have become an affordable and efficient tool, which can be used to track and follow targets or survey areas or buildings quietly, safely and almost undetectably. This work presents the development of a multi-UAV based crowd monitoring system, demonstrating a system that uses small Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) UAVs to periodically monitor a group of moving walking individuals. The goal of this work is to develop a coordination system for a swarm of UAVS capable of continuously monitoring a large group of individuals (targets) in a crowd, alternately observing each of them at a time while trying to not lose sight of any of these targets. A system equipped with a group of UAVs running this proposal can be used for law-enforcement applications, assisting authorities to monitor crowds in order to identify and to follow suspicious individuals that can have attitudes that could be classified as vandalism or linked to terrorist attack attempts To address this problem a system composed of three parts is proposed and was developed in this thesis. First, an auction algorithm was put in place to distribute interest targets among the multiple UAVs. The UAVs, in turn, make use of a genetic algorithm to calculate the order in which they would visit each of the targets on their observation queue. Moreover, a target handover algorithm was also implemented to redistribute targets among the UAVs in case the system judged that a target was about to be lost by its current observer UAV. The proposed system was evaluated through a set of experiments set-up to verify and to demonstrate the system capabilities to perform such monitoring task, proving its efficiency. During these experiments, it is made clear that the system as a whole has a great potential to solve this kind of moving target monitoring problem that can be mapped to a Time Dependent Travel Salesman Problem (TDTSP), observing targets, and redistributing them among UAVs as necessary during the mission.
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Pruvot-Sentous, Dominique. "Phe-uva vs puva dans le vitiligo : a propos de 81 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M138.
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Morgan, Hayden Matthew. "Small-Target Detection and Observation with Vision-Enabled Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8998.
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This thesis focuses on vision-based detection and observation of small, slow-moving targets using a gimballed fixed-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Generally, visual tracking algorithms are tuned to detect motion of relatively large objects in the scene with noticeably significant motion; therefore, applications such as high-altitude visual searches for human motion often ignore target motion as noise. Furthermore, after a target is identified, arbitrary maneuvers for transitioning to overhead orbits for better observation may result in temporary or permanent loss of target visibility. We present guidelines for tuning parameters of the Visual Multiple Target Tracking (Visual MTT) algorithm to enhance its detection capabilities for very small, slow-moving targets in high-resolution images. We show that the tuning approach is able to detect walking motion of a human described by 10-15 pixels from high altitudes. An algorithm is then presented for defining rotational bounds on the controllable degrees of freedom of an aircraft and gimballed camera system for maintaining visibility of a known ground target. Critical rotations associated with the fastest loss or acquisition of target visibility are also defined. The accuracy of these bounds are demonstrated in simulation and simple applications of the algorithm are described for UAS. We also present a path planning and control framework for defining and following both dynamically and visually feasibly transition trajectories from an arbitrary point to an orbit over a known target for further observation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in maintaining constant target visibility while transitioning to the intended orbit as well as in transitioning to a lower altitude orbit for more detailed visual analysis of the intended target.
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Reymann, Christophe. "Observation missions with UAVs : defining and learning models for active perception and proposition of an architecture enabling repeatable distributed simulations." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0017/document.
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Cette thèse se focalise sur des tâches de perceptions pour des drones à voilures fixes (UAV). Lorsque la perception est la finalité, un bon modèle d'environnement couplé à la capacité de prédire l'impact de futures observations sur celui-ci est crucial. La perception active traite de l'intégration forte entre modèles de perception et processus de raisonnement, permettant au robot d'acquérir des informations pertinentes à propos du statut de la mission et de replanifier sa trajectoire de mesure en réaction à des évènements et résultats imprévisibles. Ce manuscrit décrit deux approches pour des tâches de perception active, dans deux scénarios radicalement différents. Le premier est celui de la cartographie des phénomènes météorologiques de petite échelle et fortement dynamiques, en particulier de nuages de type cumulus. L'approche présentée utilise la régression par processus Gaussien pour construire un modèle d'environnement, les hyper-paramètres étant appris en ligne. Des métriques de gain d'information sont introduites pour évaluer la qualité de futures trajectoires d'observation. Un algorithme de planification stochastique est utilisé pour optimiser une fonction d'utilité équilibrant maximisation du gain d'information avec des buts de minimisation du coût énergétique. Dans le second scénario, un UAV cartographie des champs de grandes cultures pour les besoins de l'agriculture de précision. Utilisant le résultat d'un algorithme de localisation et cartographie simultanée (SLAM), une approche nouvelle pour la construction d'un modèle d'erreurs relatives est proposée. Ce modèle est appris à partir d'attributs provenant des structures de données du SLAM, ainsi que de la topologie sous-jacente du graphe de covisibilité formé par les observations. Tous les développement ont été testés en simulation. Se focalisant sur la problématique de gestion de l'avancement tu temps et de la synchronisation de simulateurs hétérogènes dans une architecture distribuée, une solution originale basée sur une architecture décentralisée est proposéeThis thesis focuses on perception tasks for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). When sensing is the finality, having a good environment model as well as being capable of predicting the impacts of future observations is crucial. Active perception deals with integrating tightly perception models in the reasoning process, enabling the robot to gain knowledge about the status of its mission and to replan its sensing trajectory to react to unforeseen events and results. This manuscript describes two approaches for active perception tasks, in two radically different settings. The first one deals with mapping highly dynamic and small scale meteorological phenomena such as cumulus clouds. The presented approach uses Gaussian Process Regression to build environment models, learning its hyperparameters online. Normalized marginal information metrics are introduced to compute the quality of future observation trajectories. A stochastic planning algorithm is used to optimize an utility measure balancing maximization of theses metrics with energetic minimization goals. The second setting revolves around mapping crop fields for precision agriculture purposes. Using the output of a monocular graph Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm, a novel approach to building a relative error model is proposed. This model is learned both from features extracted from the SLAM algorithm’s data structures, as well as the underlying topology of the covisibility graph of the observations. All developments have been tested using realistic, distributed simulations. An analysis of the simulation issue in robotics is proposed. Focusing on the problem of managing time advancement of multiple interconnected simulators, a novel solution based on a decentralized scheme is presented
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Muller, Laurent. "Contribution des théories sur l'autorégulation du comportement dans la compréhension des conduites d'observance thérapeutique : cas de l'hypertension artérielle." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Muller.Laurent.LMZ0404_1.pdf.
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L'hypertension artérielle représente un risque majeur pour les maladies cardiovasculaires. Pourtant, de nombreux patients hypertendus n'observent pas correctement les recommandations médicales. Pour expliquer les différences individuelles constatées dans l'observance thérapeutique (OT), de nombreux modèles sociocognitifs ont tenté d'identifier les déterminants de l'intention de mettre en place un comportement. Les résultats ont fait apparaître que le concept d'intention n'était pas suffisant pour expliquer la mise en œuvre effective des comportements. Récemment de nouveaux modèles de santé ont intégré les concepts issus des théories sur l'autorégulation du comportement pour expliquer la gestion efficace du comportement menant de l'intention à l'action. La recherche présente s'intéresse à ces nouveaux modèles pour expliquer les comportements d'OT chez la personne hypertendue. A cette fin, trois études ont été développées. L'objectif de la première étude était de déterminer l'impact des caractéristiques de la structure de buts personnels (SBP) d'un individu sur la détresse psychologique. La seconde étude s'est intéressée à l'impact des caractéristiques de la SBP ainsi que des variables de régulation motivationnelle sur la progression vers l'atteinte d'un but de santé personnellement défini par une population tout-venant. Enfin, la dernière étude, consacrée au problème de l'OT chez la personne hypertendue, s'est attachée à déterminer, parmi les variables liées aux caractéristiques de la SBP et parmi les variables de régulation motivationnelle, celles susceptibles d'expliquer au mieux les différences individuelles constatées dans les comportements d'OTArterial hypertension represents a major risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, many hypertensive patients do not observe correctly the medical recommendations. To explain the individual differences noted in the therapeutic observance, many social cognitive models sought to identify the determinants of the intention to set up a behavior. However, results revealed that the concept of intention was not sufficient to explain the effective behaviors setting. Recently, new health models integrated behavioral self-regulation views to explain the management of behavior and the translation of intention into action. The aim of this work is to take into account these new models to explain observance behaviors among hypertensive patients. For this purpose, three studies were developed. The objective of the first study is to determine the impact of features of personal goals structure on the psychological distress. The aim of the second study is to explore the impact of features of personal goals structure as well as motivational regulation variables on the progress towards personal health goal. Lastly, the third study was devoted to the problem of the therapeutic observance among hypertensive patients, and attempted to determine which are variables related to the features of personal goals structure and motivational regulation variables likely to explain the individual differences noted in the observance behaviors
Books on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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P, Cebula Richard, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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P, Cebula Richard, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Catalogue of Mean UBV Data on Stars. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Jamal, Manal A. The ‘Other Arab’ and Gulf Citizens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the fate of Arabs of Palestinian origin in the UAE, culminating in events surrounding the first Gulf War and the Arab uprisings. The specific questions this project addresses include: In the context of the UAE, which factors have historically shaped and changed the position of “other Arabs” over time? How have Palestinians, including younger generations, negotiated and addressed their sometimes tenuous relationship with the UAE? What do current dynamics portend for future relations between Emiratis and Arabs of Palestinian origin who live in the UAE? Two important observations emerged from this research which challenged existing assumptions about the status of Arabs in the UAE and the GCC more generally. First, there is an important generational divide which challenges many preconceived notions surrounding relations between locals and expatriates, sense of belonging, and issues of trust. The guardedness and caution that characterized earlier generations did not appear as salient or relevant for the younger generation. Second, and perhaps more importantly, this research reaffirmed the primacy of privilege associated with class and social status as it relates to citizenship. Although Emirati citizenship itself was not necessarily sought after, the attainment of legal citizenship in a stable country remained significant for the lives of Palestinian migrants.
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SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 solar variability measurements. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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Li, Bo, Zhigang Gan, Evgeny Sergeevich Neretin, and Zhipeng Yang. "Object Recognition Through UAV Observations Based on Yolo and Generative Adversarial Network." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 439–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67514-1_35.
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Yan, Lei, Zhiyang Gou, and Yini Duan. "A UAV Remote Sensing System: Design and Tests." In Geospatial Technology for Earth Observation, 27–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0050-0_2.
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Yu, Guangrui, Changliang Ha, Chunlin Shi, Lianbing Gong, and Lili Yu. "A Fast and Robust UAV Images Mosaic Method." In Proceedings of the 7th China High Resolution Earth Observation Conference (CHREOC 2020), 229–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5735-1_17.
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Myers, Jeffrey. "Observational Platforms, Aircraft, and UAVs." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 409–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_113.
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Liu, Yilin, Ruihang Yu, Shaokun Cai, and Hua Mu. "Cooperative Localization of IMU-Based UAV Using Relative Observation by EKF." In Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (ICAUS 2021), 311–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9492-9_31.
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France, Kevin, Jeffrey L. Linsky, Hao Yang, John T. Stocke, and Cynthia S. Froning. "HST-COS observations of the transiting extrasolar planetary system HD 209458b." In UV Astronomy 2011, 25–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2573-7_4.
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Nagatani, Keiji, Ryosuke Yajima, Seiga Kiribayashi, Tomoaki Izu, Hiromichi Kanai, Hiroyuki Kanasaki, Jun Minagawa, and Yuji Moriyama. "Field Report: UAV-Based Volcano Observation System for Debris Flow Evacuation Alarm." In Field and Service Robotics, 163–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67361-5_11.
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Atten, Christophe, Loubna Channouf, Grégoire Danoy, and Pascal Bouvry. "UAV Fleet Mobility Model with Multiple Pheromones for Tracking Moving Observation Targets." In Applications of Evolutionary Computation, 332–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31204-0_22.
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Dmitrienko, E. S. "Observations of 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sagittae: comparison of the morphology of the UBVRI light curves." In UV Astronomy 2011, 149–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2573-7_21.
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Lammer, H., K. G. Kislyakova, M. Holmström, M. L. Khodachenko, and J. M. Grießmeier. "Hydrogen ENA-cloud observation and modeling as a tool to study star-exoplanet interaction." In UV Astronomy 2011, 9–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2573-7_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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Yao, Chen, Xiao Lianghua, Guo Ran, Yan Linming, Chen Rui, and Zhao Yanping. "Experimental Research of Sonde Free Jettison from UAV." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026033.
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Latini, Daniele, Ilaria Petracca, Giovanni Schiavon, Fabrizio Niro, Stefano Casadio, and Fabio Del Frate. "UAV-Based Observations for Surface BRDF Characterization." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554496.
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Hu, Deyun, Bing Qi, Rongguang Du, Huanqiang Yang, Junjiao Wang, and Jie Zhuge. "An Atmospheric Vertical Detection System Using the Multi-rotor UAV." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9025899.
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Guo, Ran, Xuefen Zhang, Shuqing Ma, Kebing Tang, Qingjie Liu, Wen Guo, Ming Zhang, et al. "Design and Preliminary Experiment of HALE UAV Podded Dropsonde System." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026008.
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Han, Rui, Huan Xie, and Shenglin Xia. "Research on Route Design Technology of UAV with Airborne Dropsonde." In 2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026108.
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Miller, Alexander, and Boris Miller. "UAV control on the basis of bearing-only observations." In 2014 4th Australian Control Conference (AUCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aucc.2014.7358674.
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Miura, Hiroyuki, and Takuro Tanizaki. "UAV Observations for Soil Volume Estimation of Debris Flows." In IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884181.
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Li, Hongnan, Lizhen Wu, Yifeng Niu, Chang Wang, and Tianqing Liu. "Small Sample Meta-leaming Towards Object Recognition Through UAV Observations." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icus48101.2019.8996026.
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Casbeer, D., K. Krishnamoorthy, P. Chandler, and M. Pachter. "Moving ground target isolation by a UAV using predicted observations." In 2014 IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040057.
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Harasyn, Madison L., Dustin Isleifson, Vladislav Petrusevich, and David G. Barber. "In Situ Passive Microwave and UAV Observations of Early Summer Sea Ice." In 2018 18th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/antem.2018.8572913.
Full textReports on the topic "Observations by UAV"
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Wackerman, Christopher. Operational Assimilation into UUV and UAV Observations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada514634.
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Vogel, Gerard, Rolf Langland, Larry Phegley, Patricia Pauley, and Gary Love. Sensitivity of NOGAPS Forecasts to UAS-like Observations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada521564.
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Renaud, Alexander, Michael Forte, Nicholas Spore, Brittany Bruder, Katherine Brodie, Jessamin Straub, and Jeffrey Ruby. Evaluation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for flood risk management : results of terrain and structure assessments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45000.
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The 2017 Duck Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Pilot Experiment was conducted by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Field Research Facility (FRF), to assess the potential for different UAS to support US Army Corps of Engineers coastal and flood risk management. By involving participants from multiple ERDC laboratories, federal agencies, academia, and private industry, the work unit leads were able to leverage assets, resources, and expertise to assess data from multiple UAS. This report compares datasets from several UAS to assess their potential to survey and observe coastal terrain and structures. In this report, UAS data product accuracy was analyzed within the context of three potential applications: (1) general coastal terrain survey accuracy across the FRF property; (2) small-scale feature detection and observation within the experiment infrastructure area; and (3) accuracy for surveying coastal foredunes. The report concludes by presenting tradeoffs between UAS accuracy and the cost to operate to aid in selection of the best UAS for a particular task. While the technology and exact UAS models vary through time, the lessons learned from this study illustrate that UAS are available at a variety of costs to satisfy varying coastal management data needs.
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Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, and et al. SMILE Definition Study Report. ESA SCI, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.smile.definition_study_report-2018-12.
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The SMILE definition study report describes a novel self-standing mission dedicated to observing solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via simultaneous in situ solar wind/magnetosheath plasma and magnetic field measurements, X-Ray images of the magnetosheath and magnetic cusps, and UV images of global auroral distributions defining system-level consequences. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) will complement all solar, solar wind and in situ magnetospheric observations, including both space- and ground-based observatories, to enable the first-ever observations of the full chain of events that drive the Sun-Earth connection.
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Eason, Erik L., M. S. Giampapa, R. R. Radick, S. P. Worden, and E. K. Hege. Spectroscopic and Photometric Observations of a Five-Magnitude Flare Event on UV Ceti. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275165.
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Moores, Lee, Alan Kennedy, Lauren May, Shinita Jordan, Anthony Bednar, Stacy Jones, David Henderson, Luke Gurtowski, and Kurt Gust. Identifying degradation products responsible for increased toxicity of UV-degraded insensitive munitions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42020.
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Degradation of insensitive munitions (IMs) by ultraviolet (UV) light has become a concern following observations that some UV-degradation products have increased toxicity relative to parent compounds in aquatic organisms. This investigation focused on the Army's IM formulation, IMX-101, composed of three IM constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ). The IM constituents and IMX-101 were irradiated in a UV photo-reactor and then administered to Daphnia pulex in acute (48 h) exposures comparing toxicities relative to the parent materials. UV-degradation of DNAN had little effect on mortality whereas mortality for UV-degraded NTO and NQ increased by factors of 40.3 and 1240, making UV-degraded NQ the principle driver of toxicity when IMX-101 is UV-degraded. Toxicity investigations for specific products formed during UV-degradation of NQ, confirmed greater toxicity than the parent NQ for degradation products. Summation of the individual toxic units for the complete set of individually measured UV-degradation products identified for NQ only accounted for 25% of the overall toxicity measured in the exposures to the UV-degraded NQ product mixture. Given the underestimation of toxicity using the sum toxic units for the individually measured UV-degradation products of NQ, we conclude that: (1) other unidentified NQ degradation products contributed principally to toxicity and/or (2) synergistic toxicological interactions occurred among the NQ degradation product mixture that exacerbated toxicity.
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Chalutz, Edo, Charles Wilson, Samir Droby, Victor Gaba, Clauzell Stevens, Robert Fluhr, and Y. Lu. Induction of Resistance to Postharvest Diseases and Extension of Shelf-Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ultra-Violet Light. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568093.bard.
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Following preliminary observations by one of the collaborating scientists on this project and the completion of a 1-year, BARD-supported feasibility study (IS-1908-90F), this 3-year BARD project has been executed. The main objectives of the research were to elucidate biochemical and pathological aspects of UV-induced resistance in fruits and vegetables, to characterize physical and biological variables of induced resistance and delay of ripening, and to explore the application of the treatment as a control practice of postharvest diseases and shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables. Our findings, which are detailed in numerous joint publications, have shown that the effect of UV-C light on induction of resistance and delay of ripening is a general one and of wide oddurrence. Apart from surface sterilization of the commodity, the reduction of decay of different fungi has been associated with and induced resistance phenomenon which gradually builds up within 24 to 48 hours after the UV treatment and can be reversed by visible light. In citrus, induced resistance has been associated with increased activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, and with the levels of endglucanase and chitinase. In tomato, resistance was correlated with the production of high levels of tomatine. Our study of some molecular aspects of the induced resistance in grapefruit has revealed the induction of a cDNA which represents a gene encoding for an isoflavone reductase-like protein that, in legumes, has been associated with phytoalexin biosynthesis. This gene was cloned and sequenced. Delay of ripening was associated in tomato with inhibition of ethylene production, carotenoid synthesis, and chlorophyll degradation and with the presence of high levels of polyamines. In peach fruit epiphytic populations of a yeast increased following the UV treatment. Pilot-size treatment and packing lines were constructed in the US and Israel to test the application of the UV treatment on a semi-commercial scale. Although effective in reduction of decay and delay of ripening, a number of problems will have to be addressed before practical application of this methodology can be realized. The main issues are associated with the temporal and variable response to the treatment, and its relationship to the maturity and date of harvest of the commodity.
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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784