Relevant bibliographies by topics / Observations ballons

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Observations ballons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Observations ballons"

1

Fishman, G. J. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: A PERSONAL VIEW." Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 53 (September 1, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2021.53.21.

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The first observations in gamma-ray astronomy were made in the late 1960's, primarily by balloon-borne observations. In the early 1970's, gamma-ray bursts were discovered, completely by accident, by satellites looking for man-made nuclear explosions in space. The celestial nature of these events were soon confirmed by other satellites. The first large detector system designed for cosmic gamma-ray bursts observations was the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Some of the details of the instrumentation onboard ballons and satellites and the gamma-ray bursts observational properties they determined are presented.
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Carli, P., A. Naïtlho, S. Marlier, S. Crémades, J. F. Paris, and C. Landais. "≪ Lâcher de ballons ≫ réversible et maladie de Horton : deux observations." La Revue de Médecine Interne 22 (December 2001): 527s—528s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(01)80223-x.

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NISHIMURA, Jun. "Plastic Balloons for Space Observations." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 41, no. 469 (1993): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.41.57.

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Kotlarz, Jan, and Natalia Zalewska. "The Possibility of Ultraviolet Enceladus’ Observations from Stratospheric Balloons." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0002.

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Abstract Stratospheric balloons are very important sources for space and terrestrial observation experiments in many disciplines. Instruments developed for astrophysical measurements are usually reusable. It is also possible to observe both hemispheres including observations from the polar and equatorial regions for thirty days or even longer. On the other hand the UV atmospheric transmittance window was used for the astrophysical observations less often than visible optical bands. At the end of the 2017 there are a few scientific groups working on near-UV or UV spectrographs and cameras for balloon flights. In this paper we are discussing the possibility of ultraviolet measurement of Enceladus, an icy Saturnian moon, surface reflectance between 200 and 400 nm from the 20-50 km altitudes. At visible and near infrared optical channels Enceladus’ reflectance is very high (near 1.0). This value is consistent with a surface composed of water ice, however at some ultraviolet wavelengths Enceladus reflectance is lower than it would be expected for this type of surface. The scientific research done in the last decade was focused on H2O, NH3, and tholin particles detection on the Enceladus’ surface as a reason of low UV reflectance phenomenon. Continuous observation of Enceladus’ UV reflectance variability from stratospheric balloons may be interesting and may give us the proof of the presence of biomarkers or/and tholin particles.
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Hole, Lars R., Alexis Pérez Bello, Tjarda J. Roberts, Paul B. Voss, and Timo Vihma. "Measurements by controlled meteorological balloons in coastal areas of Antarctica." Antarctic Science 28, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000213.

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AbstractAn experiment applying controlled meteorological (CMET) balloons near the coast of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, in January 2013 is described. Two balloons were airborne for 60 and 106 hours with trajectory lengths of 885.8 km and 2367.4 km, respectively. The balloons carried out multiple controlled soundings on the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity up to 3.3 km. Wind speed and direction were derived from the balloon drift. Observations were compared with radiosonde sounding profiles from the Halley Research Station, and applied in evaluating simulations carried out with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) mesoscale atmospheric model. The most interesting feature detected by the CMET balloons was a mesoscale anticyclone over the Weddell Sea and the coastal zone, which was reproduced by the WRF model with reduced intensity. The modelled wind speed was up to 10 m s-1 slower and the relative humidity was 20–40% higher than the observed values. However, over the study period the WRF results generally agreed with the observations. The results suggest that CMET balloons could be an interesting supplement to Antarctic atmospheric observations, particularly in the free troposphere.
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Komatsu, Kensuke K., and Yoshihiro Tachibana. "Two Types of Strong Local Wind Captured by Simultaneous Multiple-Site Radiosonde Soundings across a Mountain Range." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 10 (October 2016): 3915–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0347.1.

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A radiosonde observation method is presented, consisting of simultaneous radiosonde observations at closely spaced multiple sites using balloons with varied buoyancies. This method was employed during a strong wind event (Suzuka-oroshi) on the lee side of the Suzuka mountain range, Japan, to derive the detailed structure of the wind as it crossed the mountains. Batches of six radiosondes were launched simultaneously from a line of four sites, using balloons with three different degrees of buoyancy. The four sites were 13 km apart along a 35-km-long transect roughly aligned with the prevailing wind. The observations documented two flow regimes: a downslope flow perpendicular to the mountain range, similar to a windstorm, and an unexpectedly strong low-level jet flowing parallel to the mountain range. The method was more successful at delineating the first regime than the second. The first regime was well simulated by a numerical experiment, but the second regime was not. The vertical wind associated with the downslope windstorm was inferred from the changing slopes of potential temperature isentropes. Comparison of the balloon ascent rates with these isentropes meanders and the simulated vertical wind showed that fluctuations in balloon ascent rate provide reliable information on the vertical direction of the wind. An analysis of the second regime using a long-term meteorological dataset shows that the onset of the low-level jet is related to the synoptic-scale shift in vorticity from positive to negative in the observation area. This vorticity shift appears to be a useful indicator for the low-level jet regime.
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Ferrière, Ludovic, Christian Koeberl, Wolf Reimold, and Uwe. "Characterisation of ballen quartz and cristobalite in impact breccias: new observations and constraints on ballen formation." European Journal of Mineralogy 21, no. 1 (February 6, 2009): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1898.

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Doerenbecher, A., C. Basdevant, P. Drobinski, P. Durand, C. Fesquet, F. Bernard, P. Cocquerez, N. Verdier, and A. Vargas. "Low-Atmosphere Drifting Balloons: Platforms for Environment Monitoring and Forecast Improvement." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00182.1.

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Abstract Balloons are one of the key observing platforms for the atmosphere. Radiosounding is the most commonly used technique and provides over a thousand vertical profiles worldwide every day. These data represent an essential cornerstone of data assimilation for numerical weather prediction systems. Although less common (but equally interesting for the in situ investigation of the atmosphere), drifting boundary layer pressurized balloons (BLPBs) offer rare observational skills. These balloons collect meteorological and/or chemical measurements at isopycnal height as they drift in a quasi-Lagrangian way. The BLPB system presented in this paper was developed by the French Space Agency [Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES)] and has been used in field experiments focusing on precipitation in Africa [African Monsoon Multiscale Analysis (AMMA)] and the Mediterranean [Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX)] as well as on air pollution in India [Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)] and the Mediterranean [Transport a Longue Distance et Qualite de l’Air dans le bassin Méditerraneen (TRAQA) and Chemistry–Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMeX)]. One important advantage of BLPBs is their capability to explore the lowest layers of the atmosphere above the oceans, areas that remain difficult to access. BLPB had a leading role in a complex adaptive observation system for the forecast of severe precipitation events. These balloons collected data in the marine environment of convective systems, which were assimilated in real time to improve the knowledge of the state of the atmosphere in the numerical prediction models of Météo-France.
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Markowski, Paul M., Yvette P. Richardson, Scott J. Richardson, and Anders Petersson. "Aboveground Thermodynamic Observations in Convective Storms from Balloonborne Probes Acting as Pseudo-Lagrangian Drifters." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 4 (April 2018): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0204.1.

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AbstractThe severe storms research community lacks reliable, aboveground, thermodynamic observations (e.g., temperature, humidity, and pressure) in convective storms. These missing observations are crucial to understanding the behavior of both supercell storms (e.g., the generation, reorientation, and amplification of vorticity necessary for tornado formation) and larger-scale (mesoscale) convective systems (e.g., storm maintenance and the generation of damaging straight-line winds). This paper describes a novel way to use balloonborne probes to obtain aboveground thermodynamic observations. Each probe is carried by a pair of balloons until one of the balloons is jettisoned; the remaining balloon and probe act as a pseudo-Lagrangian drifter that is drawn through the storm. Preliminary data are presented from a pair of deployments in supercell storms in Oklahoma and Kansas during May 2017. The versatility of the observing system extends beyond severe storms applications into any area of mesoscale meteorology in which a large array of aboveground, in situ thermodynamic observations are needed.
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MANI, ANNA, K. R. SIVARAMAN, and S. P. VENKITESHWARAN. "Evidence of turbulence in the stratosphere." MAUSAM 10, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v10i2.4047.

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Arnold (1954) has observed considerable turbulence in the stratosphere on four different occasions at Belmar, New Jersey, while tracking balloons with a telescope and a radio direction finder. The turbulence was so severe that the radiosonde separated from the balloon, though it was suspended with a cord with a nominal breaking strength of about 70 lbs. During three observations in June 1950, the instrument separated from the balloon at heights ranging from 28 to 32 km, while in the observation in October it separated at 24 km. He has estimated that a descending current of about 11 m. sec-1 could provide the necessary conditions for a free fall of the sonde of about 10 ft which could break the line.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Observations ballons"

1

Boccara, Gillian. "Étude de la dynamique de la basse stratosphère polaire à l’aide des données Vorcore." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066281.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur les ondes de gravité se propageant dans la basse stratosphère polaire. L’étude utilise les observations enregistrées par des ballons pressurisés de longue durée lors de la campagne Vorcore entre septembre 2005 et janvier 2006. La méthodologie développée s’appuie sur les différentes relations théoriques qui lient les perturbations de pression, de température et de vitesses enregistrées. Elle permet de déduire la direction horizontale de propagation, la vitesse de phase intrinsèque et le flux vertical de quantité de mouvement horizontal transporté par les ondes de gravité. La méthodologie a été testée et validée sur des simulations comportant une ou plusieurs ondes de gravité. En appliquant cette approche aux données Vorcore, les distributions géographiques et temporelles de ces flux ont été étudiées et les sources potentielles des ondes de gravité ont été examinées de même que leur intermittence. Nous avons montré que les montagnes sont des sources d'ondes de gravité prépondérantes, mais nous avons également mis en évidence l'importance des sources non-orographiques au-dessus des océans. Les échelles spatio-temporelles des ondes de gravité sont faibles, c’est pourquoi elles sont paramétrées dans les modèles de circulation générale. Nous avons comparé les flux observés lors de la campagne Vorcore aux flux produits par deux paramétrisations d’ondes de gravité : la première représente les sources d’ondes orographiques (Lott and Miller,1997) et la seconde décrit les sources d’ondes non-orographiques (Hines, 1997). Dans un deuxième temps, les observations de la campagne Vorcore ont été comparées aux analyses ECMWF et aux réanalyses NCEP/NCAR pour en estimer la fiabilité. Les biais et les écarts types obtenus suggèrent une prise en compte insuffisante des ondes de gravité dans les modèles et une mauvaise représentation du vortex polaire dans les réanalyses NCEP/NCAR.
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Corcos, Milena. "Processes affecting cirrus clouds life cycle at the tropical tropopause layer : contributions from the Stratéole-2 campaigns." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS119.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'observation des ondes de gravité dans la tropopause tropicale (TTL pour tropical tropopause layer) par ballons pressurisés, et à leur impact sur les cirrus. Dans un premier temps, l'activité des ondes de gravité est quantifiée grâce aux observations in-situ des ballons pressurisés des deux premières campagnes de Stratéole-2. Le lien entre la convection profonde tropicale et l'activité des ondes est démontré à l'échelle synoptique par la diminution de l'amplitude des ondes avec la distance aux cellules convectives. La variabilité géographique de l'activité des ondes de gravité, de leur intermittence, ainsi que leur variabilité inter-annuelle sont également évaluées. Dans un second temps, l'impact des ondes de gravité sur les cirrus est étudié grâce à la combinaison des mesures lagrangiennes des fluctuations de températures avec un modèle de microphysique prenant en compte la nucléation homogène, la croissance et la sédimentation des cristaux de glace, ainsi qu'une représentation très simplifiée du cisaillement de vent. L'impact des ondes sur la population de glace et les conséquences sur l'évolution des cirrus ainsi que sur leur capacité à assécher les masses d'air lors de l'ascension dans la TTL est quantifié. Les résultats sont comparés avec les observations de la campagne ATTREX dans la TTL au-dessus de l'océan Pacifique, et démontrent l'importance de la représentation réaliste des ondes dans les simulations de microphysique. Enfin, une étude de sensibilité à l'amplitude des ondes de gravité est discutée pour la structure des cirrus et la population de cristaux
This thesis focuses on the observation of gravity waves at the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) by superpressure balloons, and their impact on cirrus clouds. First, the gravity wave activity is quantified thanks to in-situ observations of superpressure balloons from the first two Stratéole-2 campaigns. The link between tropical deep convection and wave activity is demonstrated at a synoptic scale by the decrease of wave amplitude with distance to convective cell. The geographical variability of gravity wave activity, its intermittency, as well as its interannual variability are also studied. In a second step, the impact of gravity waves on cirrus clouds is studied thanks to the combination of Lagrangian measurements of temperature fluctuations with a microphysics model representing the homogeneous nucleation, growth and sedimentation of ice crystals, as well as a very simplified representation of the wind shear. The impact of the waves on ice crystals population and the consequences on the evolution of cirrus clouds and their capacity to dehydrate the air masses during the ascent in the TTL is quantified. The results are compared with observations from the ATTREX campaign in the TTL over the Pacific Ocean, and demonstrate the importance of realistic representation of waves in microphysics simulations. Finally, a sensitivity study to the amplitude of gravity waves is discussed for the cirrus structure and ice crystal population
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Membrive, Olivier. "Caractérisation de la distribution verticale des gaz à effet de serre CO2 et CH4 par mesures sous ballons. Application à la validation d'observations satellites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066509.

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Suivre et comprendre l'évolution des deux principaux gaz à effet de serre anthropogéniques (CO2 et CH4) sont des enjeux majeurs pour les sciences du climat. L'augmentation du nombre et de la diversité des observations (en surface, mesures aéroportées, satellitaires) ainsi que l'amélioration des modèles de chimie-transports atmosphériques ont contribué à développer notre compréhension des cycles biogéochimiques associés à ces gaz. Néanmoins, les observations précises le long de la verticale sont encore très limitées. Elles deviennent pourtant indispensables, d'une part, pour approfondir nos connaissances dans le transport de CO2et CH4, d'autre part, pour évaluer les colonnes totales ou partielles mesurées par satellites. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un instrument innovant appelé "AirCore" permettant d'échantillonner l'air en continu le long d'une colonne atmosphérique lors d'une descente depuis haute altitude. Différents AirCores donnant accès à différentes résolutions verticales ont été développés au LMD et déployés avec succès lors des campagnes ballons Strato-Sciences 2014, 2015 et 2016 du CNES. Les profils verticaux de AirCores ont permis de valider les estimations de colonnes partielles de CH4 réalisées avec l'instrument IASI/Metop. Des comparaisons ont été menées avec des profils troposphériques obtenus lors de campagnes aéroportées (HIPPO), ou avec des profils issus de modèles de transports (LMDz, TM5) ou de prévisions (CAMS). Les résultats ont démontré l'importance d'une bonne caractérisation de la stratosphère pour les activités de calibration/validation des mesures satellites et, plus généralement, l'étude des gaz à effet de serre
Monitoring and understanding the evolution of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)) are some of the major challenges in climate science. Over the past decades,the increased availability and diversity of observations (surface networks, aircraft campaigns, satellite observations)and the improvement of atmospheric transport models has allowed to increase our understanding of biogeochemicalcycles of CO2 and CH4. Nevertheless, precise vertical observations are still very rare. However, these become crucialto both properly characterize the vertical transport of the gases, as well as to fully evaluate total or partial columnsof gases retrieved from space observations.In this thesis, we present an innovative instrument called “AirCore” allowing to collect a continuous air samplealong an atmospheric column while descending from high altitude. The analysis of CO2 and CH4 mole fractions inthe collected sample combined with the measurements of an ambient parameters (Pressure, temperature...) allows toretrieve vertical profiles from the surface up to 30 km. Initially invented at NOAA, several new AirCores giving accessto various vertical resolutions have been developed at LMD and flown with success during the CNES Strato-Sciences2014, 2015, and 2016 balloon campaigns. Excellent agreement was found between profiles acquired with differentAirCores during the same flights demonstrating the repeatability of the measurements and allowing to validate thecalculation of the vertical resolution. Comparisons with measurements from independent laser diode spectrometersflown on the same gondola have confirmed that AirCore profiles capture the vertical variability of CO2 and CH4.The vertical profiles retrieved from AirCores have been allowed to validate the CH4 partial columns retrieved fromIASI/Metop at LMD and revealed that the information on the full atmospheric column is required. Comparisons havebeen performed with tropospheric profiles obtained during aircraft campaigns (HIPPO) as well as vertical profilesextracted from atmospheric transport models (LMDz,TM5) and forecast systems (CAMS). Results demonstrated theimportance of a good characterization of the stratosphere for satellite
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Membrive, Olivier. "Caractérisation de la distribution verticale des gaz à effet de serre CO2 et CH4 par mesures sous ballons. Application à la validation d'observations satellites." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066509/document.

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Suivre et comprendre l'évolution des deux principaux gaz à effet de serre anthropogéniques (CO2 et CH4) sont des enjeux majeurs pour les sciences du climat. L'augmentation du nombre et de la diversité des observations (en surface, mesures aéroportées, satellitaires) ainsi que l'amélioration des modèles de chimie-transports atmosphériques ont contribué à développer notre compréhension des cycles biogéochimiques associés à ces gaz. Néanmoins, les observations précises le long de la verticale sont encore très limitées. Elles deviennent pourtant indispensables, d'une part, pour approfondir nos connaissances dans le transport de CO2et CH4, d'autre part, pour évaluer les colonnes totales ou partielles mesurées par satellites. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un instrument innovant appelé "AirCore" permettant d'échantillonner l'air en continu le long d'une colonne atmosphérique lors d'une descente depuis haute altitude. Différents AirCores donnant accès à différentes résolutions verticales ont été développés au LMD et déployés avec succès lors des campagnes ballons Strato-Sciences 2014, 2015 et 2016 du CNES. Les profils verticaux de AirCores ont permis de valider les estimations de colonnes partielles de CH4 réalisées avec l'instrument IASI/Metop. Des comparaisons ont été menées avec des profils troposphériques obtenus lors de campagnes aéroportées (HIPPO), ou avec des profils issus de modèles de transports (LMDz, TM5) ou de prévisions (CAMS). Les résultats ont démontré l'importance d'une bonne caractérisation de la stratosphère pour les activités de calibration/validation des mesures satellites et, plus généralement, l'étude des gaz à effet de serre
Monitoring and understanding the evolution of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)) are some of the major challenges in climate science. Over the past decades,the increased availability and diversity of observations (surface networks, aircraft campaigns, satellite observations)and the improvement of atmospheric transport models has allowed to increase our understanding of biogeochemicalcycles of CO2 and CH4. Nevertheless, precise vertical observations are still very rare. However, these become crucialto both properly characterize the vertical transport of the gases, as well as to fully evaluate total or partial columnsof gases retrieved from space observations.In this thesis, we present an innovative instrument called “AirCore” allowing to collect a continuous air samplealong an atmospheric column while descending from high altitude. The analysis of CO2 and CH4 mole fractions inthe collected sample combined with the measurements of an ambient parameters (Pressure, temperature...) allows toretrieve vertical profiles from the surface up to 30 km. Initially invented at NOAA, several new AirCores giving accessto various vertical resolutions have been developed at LMD and flown with success during the CNES Strato-Sciences2014, 2015, and 2016 balloon campaigns. Excellent agreement was found between profiles acquired with differentAirCores during the same flights demonstrating the repeatability of the measurements and allowing to validate thecalculation of the vertical resolution. Comparisons with measurements from independent laser diode spectrometersflown on the same gondola have confirmed that AirCore profiles capture the vertical variability of CO2 and CH4.The vertical profiles retrieved from AirCores have been allowed to validate the CH4 partial columns retrieved fromIASI/Metop at LMD and revealed that the information on the full atmospheric column is required. Comparisons havebeen performed with tropospheric profiles obtained during aircraft campaigns (HIPPO) as well as vertical profilesextracted from atmospheric transport models (LMDz,TM5) and forecast systems (CAMS). Results demonstrated theimportance of a good characterization of the stratosphere for satellite
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Da, Costa Ferreira Neri José Angelo. "Mesures des flux de photons gamma atmospherique et diffus a l'aide d'un telescope a temps de vol." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30157.

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Un telescope a temps de vol a ete realise en vue de permettre la detection du rayonnement gamma de moyenne energie (4 mev a 50 mev). On presente les principes de fonctionnement et d'etalonnage ainsi que les caracteristiques determinees par des mesures en laboratoire et des simulations par ordinateur. Les intensites du rayonnement gamma atmospherique en fonction de la pression, les courbes spectrales en energie ainsi que l'inclinaison angulaire sont calculees et comparees aux resultats publies par d'autres observateurs. Le flux de radiations gamma d'origine diffuse cosmique est deduit a partir des courbes de montee des rayonnements atmospheriques
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Tétard, Cédric. "Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats : comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10023/document.

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Le dernier rapport du GIEC souligne que le rôle de la stratosphère dans le changement climatique est mal connu et invite à poursuivre son étude. Les mesures d'occultation solaire et in situ sont appropriées à cette étude mais il est nécessaire de les valider. Nous avons tout d'abord développé notre propre algorithme d'inversion des transmissions de SAGE III et avons comparé nos produits (profils verticaux des concentrations en O3 et en NO2 et coefficients d'extinction des aérosols (CEA)) à ceux issus de l'algorithme officiel et d'un troisième algorithme. De bons accords ont été obtenus entre ces inversions pour toutes les espèces. Nous avons poursuivi avec des comparaisons à des mesures corrélatives obtenues à l'aide d'instruments spatiaux et d'un instrument sous ballon (SPIRALE) déjà validés. Si on exclut les CEA, les résultats sont satisfaisants. Toutefois, la comparaison aux mesures in situ de SPIRALE obtenues aux abords du vortex polaire donne un désaccord pour NO2 démontrant ainsi les limites de l'occultation solaire dans la mesure d'espèces réactives dans des conditions dynamiques complexes. Une fois ces validations réalisées, nous nous sommes intéressés aux intrusions dans la stratosphère d'aérosols issus de feux de forêt et nous avons montré qu'elles conduisent à une forte augmentation du nombre de particules. Enfin, dans un cadre international, nous avons participé à la validation des instruments de la mission ACE (FTS, MAESTRO, Imager) à l'aide de SAGE III et de SPIRALE. Cela nous a permis de valider certains produits (O3 et NO2 de FTS et MAESTRO), d'en invalider d'autres (CEA d'Imager) et de confirmer le désaccord pour NO2 entre mesures in situ et à distance
One of the conclusions of the last IPCC reports is that the role of the stratosphere in the current climate change is not weil known. Consequently, stratospheric studies must continue. Solar occultation and in situ measurements are weil suited to these studies but it is necessary to validate them. First, we have developed our inversion algorithm of the SAGE III transmissions and we have compared our products (vertical profiles of O3 and N02 concentrations and of aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC)) to those from the officiaI algorithm and from a third algorithm. Good agreements are obtained between these inversions for ail species. Then, we have compared our products to those from correlative validated measurements obtained by satellite and balloon borne instrument (SPIRALE). Except CEA, results are satisfying. However, the comparison with in situ measurements from SPIRALE obtained on the edge of the polar vortex exhibits a disagreement for NO2 proving that the solar occultation method are not weil suited for reactive species in complex dynamical situation. Once these validations carried out, we have studied the stratospheric intrusions of aerosols resulting from forest fires and we have shown that they lead to a strong increase in the number of particles. Finally, in an international framework, we have taken part in the validation of the instruments of the ACE mission (FTS, MAESTRO and Imager) with SAGE III and SPIRALE data. That enabled us to validate sorne products (O3 and NO2 from FTS and MAESTRO), to invalidate others (CEA from Imager) and to confirm the discrepancy for NO2 between in situ and remote measurements
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Court, A. J. "Hard X-ray astronomy from balloon altitudes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377796.

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Brodbeck, Roland. "Balloon-borne far-infrared Fabry-Perot spectrometer for astrophysical observations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12510.

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BAAS, LEFORT MARIE-JOSEPHE. "Maladie de horton et atteinte pulmonaire : a propos d'une observation." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M179.

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Giard, Martin. "Mesure de l'emission diffuse galactique dans la raie a 3,3 micrometre avec l'experience ballon arome." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30143.

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Presentation de l'experience arome, embarquee en ballon stratospherique et dont l'objectif est la detection dans le flux diffus de la galaxie des raies d'emission a 3. 3, 6. 2, 7. 7 et 11. 3 mu m. Cette famille de raies caracterise la presence de composes aromatiques polycycliques (pah). L'objet du premier vol a ete constitue par l'observation a 3. 3 mu m et des cartes couvrant les coordonnees galactiques 6**(o)
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Books on the topic "Observations ballons"

1

ESA, Symposium on European Rocket &. Balloon Programmes &. Related Research (14th 1999 Potsdam Germany). 14th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research: Potsdam, Germany, 31 May - 3 June 1999. Noordwijk: European Space Agency, 1999.

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ESA Symposium on European Rocket & Balloon Programmes & Related Research (7th 1985 Loen, Norway). Proceedings of the seventh ESA Symposium on ESA Symposium on European Rocket & Balloon Programmes and Related Research Loen, Norway, 5-11 May 1985. Noordwick, Netherlands: ESA Scientific & Technical Publications Branch, 1985.

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L, Conroy, and European Space Agency, eds. 18th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research: 3-7 June 2007, Visby, Sweden. Noordwijk, the Netherlands: ESA Communication Production Office, ESTEC, 2007.

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C, Barron, ed. Cluster dayside polar cusp: Planning and coordination of measurements from cluster, ground stations, balloons, and rockets in the dayside polar-cusp region : proceedings of an international workshop, Longyearbyen, Norway, 16-19 September 1991. [Paris]: European Space Agency, 1991.

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ESA, Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research (12th 1995 Lillehammer Norway). 12th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, Lillehammer, Norway, 29 May-1 June 1995. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: European Space Agency, 1995.

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Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt., European Space Agency, and ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research (9th : 1989 : Lahnstein, Germany), eds. European rocket and balloon programmes and related research: Proceedings of the ninth ESA/PAC symposium. Paris, France: European Space Agency, 1988.

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Dyk, Garritt C. Van. Napoleon's air force: A battle for change. [Bloomington]: Xlibris, 2009.

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Meeting, COSPAR Plenary. Balloon technology and observations: Proceedings of Symposium P3 of the COSPAR twenty-ninth Plenary Meeting held in Washington, DC, U.S.A., 28 August-5 September, 1992. Oxford: Published for The Committee on Space Research by Pergamon Press, 1993.

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Ryan, Craig. The pre-astronauts: Manned ballooning on the threshold of space. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1995.

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Herbert, Craig S. Eyes of the Army: A story about the observation balloon service of World War I. [Lafayette Hill, Pa.]: C.S. Herbert, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Observations ballons"

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Bowman, Daniel, Jonathan Lees, James Cutts, Attila Komjathy, Eliot Young, Kayla Seiffert, Mark Boslough, and Stephen Arrowsmith. "Geoacoustic Observations on Drifting Balloon-Borne Sensors." In Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies, 125–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75140-5_4.

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Visser, C. A., W. Jaarsma, F. D. H. Haagen, and S. M. P. G. Ernst. "Transesophageal Echocardiographic Observations During Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty." In Transesophageal Echocardiography, 244–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74257-6_29.

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Sbarra, C., S. Cortiglioni, G. Bernardi, E. Carretti, S. Cecchini, C. Macculi, G. Ventura, et al. "BaR-SPOrt: Balloon-Borne Radiometers for Sky Polarization Observations." In ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA, 481–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10857580_65.

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Bernardis, P., S. Masi, B. Melchiorri, and F. Melchiorri. "Balloon-Borne Observations of CMB Anisotropies at Intermediate Angular Scales, at Submm and MM Wavelengths." In Observational Tests of Cosmological Inflation, 443–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3510-8_47.

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Bering, Edgar A., James R. Benbrook, Gregory J. Byrne, Danqing Liang, and Zhong-Min Lin. "Balloon Observations of the Electric Field Over South Pole: Convection Patterns." In Electromagnetic Coupling in the Polar Clefts and Caps, 137–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0979-3_10.

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Yang, Zhang, Tao Ping, Liu Rui, Xianghong Li, Li Ran, Yaping Li, Yang Guang, and Yuan Hong. "Observation Geometry Improvement of BDS by Near-Space Balloons in Regional Navigation Augmentation." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 153–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9195-0_13.

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Kleinknecht, Konrad, and Ulrich Uwer. "Symmetry Violations and Quark Flavour Physics." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 519–623. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38207-0_9.

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AbstractOne of the surprising facts in our present understanding of the development of the Universe is the complete absence of “primordial” antimatter from the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. The detection of charged cosmic-ray particles by magnetic spectrometers borne by balloons, satellites, and the space shuttle has shown no evidence for such primordial (high-energy) antibaryons; nor has the search for gamma rays from antimatter–matter annihilation yielded any such observation. In the early phases of the expanding Universe, a hot (1032 K) and dense plasma of quarks, antiquarks, leptons, antileptons and photons coexisted in equilibrium. This plasma expanded and cooled down, and matter and antimatter could recombine and annihilate into photons. If all interactions were symmetric with respect to matter and antimatter, and if baryon and lepton numbers were conserved, then all particles would finally convert to photons, and the expansion of the Universe would shift the wavelength of these photons to the far infrared region.
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Isobe, S., H. Tanabe, T. Hirayama, Y. Koma, J. Soegijo, and N. Baba. "Balloon Observation of the F-corona at the 1983 Total Solar Eclipse." In Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, 49–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5464-9_11.

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Agrinier, B., E. Costa, G. Gerardi, C. Gouiffes, P. Mandrou, J. L. Masnou, E. Massaro, et al. "Balloon observation of the Crab pulsar in the energy range 0.2–6 MeV." In Timing Neutron Stars, 343–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2273-0_30.

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Teegarden, B. J. "Balloon Observations of the Galactic Center 511 keV Line and their Relationship to Satellite Results." In The Gamma Ray Sky with Compton GRO and SIGMA, 255–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0067-0_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Observations ballons"

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Kremic, Tibor, Andrew F. Cheng, Karl Hibbitts, Eliot F. Young, Rafat R. Ansari, Matthew D. Dolloff, and Rob R. Landis. "Stratospheric balloons for planetary science and the Balloon Observation Platform for Planetary Science (BOPPS) mission summary." In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119008.

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Evans, W. F. J. "Nitric Acid Measurements in the Arctic from Balloons." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wd9.

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Nitric acid measurements had been previously been conducted in the winter from flights of large balloons at Cold Lake, Alberta and at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan using an emission spectrometer. The mixing ratio profile of nitric acid was derived from the observation of atmospheric emission in the 11.3 micron region during a the balloon ascents. More recently, a miniature version of the instrument and payload has been developed. On an engineering test flight on March 8,1988, a single profile was measured from Alert at 82.6 N . The total nitric acid amount above the tropopause was 0.9 matm-cm. Two peaks at 16.5 and 25.5 km were observed with a maximum mixing ratio of 8.8 ppbv. A local minimum of 3 ppbv was located between these levels at 19.5 km.
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Zander, R., and Ph Demoulin. "Atmospheric Changes above ISSJ from Infrared Solar Observations." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.thc1.

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Despite the outstanding progress made during the last decade in observational methods such as passive emission spectrometry and active Lidar applications, infrared remote sensors using the sun as source of radiation remain among the most powerful tools for atmospheric investigations. The quality and quantity of such solar observations have reflected the progress made in detector sensitivities, in new instrumental techniques and modes of operation, as well as the power of analytical algorithms based on modern computers. Infrared spectrometers have been adapted and proven suitable for measurements from the ground, aircraft and balloons, even from orbiting platforms with extensive vertical and near-global coverages.
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Birk, Manfred. "Accuracy of FT-Measurements of Spectral Intensities - an Issue Relevant for Remote Sensing." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fmb.1.

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In the last decade high resolution FT-IR spectrometers have become increasingly important for remote sensing of the stratosphere. While the number of observations from space and stratospheric balloons is still small there is already a large number of ground based instruments measuring ozone and a variety of important trace gases. Most of the ground based instruments work in solar occultation (transmittance measurement) within the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change whereas instruments measuring thermal emission of radiation are rare. For source photon noise limited observation the sensitivity of an emission measurement is better if the optical band width is larger than about 1-10 cm-1. Furthermore, emission measurements have a larger versatility since they are independent from the time of day.
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Ramon, Didier, Colette Brogniez, P. Lecomte, Jacqueline Lenoble, Christian Verwaerde, Paul C. Simon, and C. Muller. "Detection of aerosols from balloon limb observations." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Richard P. Santer. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.228528.

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Jacob, Jamey D., Brian R. Elbing, Emalee Hough, Taylor Swaim, Zach Yap, and Alexis Vance. "Solar Balloon Development for High Altitude Observations." In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4113.

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Bettanini, C. "Ascent trajectory of sounding balloons: dynamical models and mission data reconstruction." In Aeronautics and Astronautics. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-60.

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Abstract. Small sounding balloons are a fast and cost-effective transport system to lift up scientific payloads up to stratospheric burst altitudes below 40 kilometres; during ascent and descent phase dedicated instruments may be operated to monitor atmospheric parameters and optical payloads may be used for remote observation. This work will focus on the reconstruction of the trajectory of the ascent phase, which is the longest and dynamically less perturbed part of the flight; in this section the dynamics of the flight system is determined by the lift of the balloon guiding the vertical motion and the local winds controlling the horizontal motion. The presented reconstruction algorithm is based on a linear quadratic estimation predictor corrector using the standard equations of motions in ECEF system to propagate the simulation and the measurement of the on-board sensors (triaxial accelerometer, GPS, pressure and temperature sensors) to correct the estimation and reduce the uncertainty in the reconstruction, which is mainly related to the value of balloon canopy drag coefficient Cd, the lifting gas volume and local wind perturbations. Two different balloon flights, both launched within a joint effort between teams by University of Padova and University of Pisa, are considered: one conducted during daytime, the other in night time. The different environmental conditions and in particular the different temperature evolution within the lifting balloon in the day flight due to Sun heating provide a good proving ground to investigate sensitivity of algorithm to environmental conditions. The prediction of flight dynamic models implementing horizontal and vertical equations of motion are compared with real mission data acquired by on board systems, highlighting the influence of local perturbations on the foreseen ascent trajectory.
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Komhyr, W. D., J. A. Lathrop, and D. P. Opperman. "ECC Ozonesonde and Dobson Umkehr Observations During STOIC 1989." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wb7.

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Ten electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes were successfully flown at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Table Mountain Facility during the Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) conducted July 19 to August 2, 1989. Umkehr observations were made with a Dobson spectrophotometer during most mornings and afternoons. Ozone measurements were conducted primarily to assess the performance of lidar and microwave instrumentation destined for use in the planned station Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). Because the lidar and microwave are remote ozone measurement techniques, it was of interest to compare data obtained with these instruments with data from balloon-borne ECC ozonesondes that measure ozone directly by counting ozone molecules during balloon ascent. While most of the balloon soundings reached altitudes of 30-34 km, ozone measurements to about 39 km were obtained for two of the soundings.
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Wheeler, Lauren, Andrew Glen, Erika Roesler, Daniel Bowman, Philip Miller, Andres Sanchez, Darielle Dexheimer, et al. "Observations of Stratospheric Aerosols from Heliotrope Solar Hot Air Balloons." In Proposed for presentation at the AGU Fall Meeting held December 1-17, 2020 in San Francisco, CA, US. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1835008.

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A. G., Sreejith, Joice Mathew, Mayuresh Sarpotdar, Nirmal K., Ambily S., Ajin Prakash, Margarita Safonova, and Jayant Murthy. "Balloon UV experiments for astronomical and atmospheric observations." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Christopher J. Evans, Luc Simard, and Hideki Takami. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2232246.

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Reports on the topic "Observations ballons"

1

Novak, Giles. Keynote Presentation: Balloon-Borne Observations of Cosmic Magnetism. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library. Digital Press, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ahac.5584.

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Krishnamoorthy, Siddharth, Attila Komjathy, James A. Cutts, Philippe Lognonne, Raphael F. Garcia, Mark P. Panning, Paul K. Byrne, et al. Seismology on Venus with infrasound observations from balloon and orbit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603861.

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Beasley, William H. Balloon-Borne Electric-Field Observations Relevant to Models for Sprites and Jets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380886.

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Guzik, T. Gregory, A. Spring, R. Dupruis, W. Freeman, Hannah Gardiner, and C. Myers. The Pressure, Humidity, And Temperature—Tests and Camera Observations (PHAT-TACO) Student-Built Balloon Payload. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library. Digital Press, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ahac.8147.

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