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Journal articles on the topic 'Observational signatures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Stevens, Adam, Duncan Forgan, and Jack O'Malley James. "Observational signatures of self-destructive civilizations." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 4 (October 23, 2015): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000397.

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AbstractWe address the possibility that intelligent civilizations that destroy themselves could present signatures observable by humanity. Placing limits on the number of self-destroyed civilizations in the Milky Way has strong implications for the final three terms in Drake's Equation, and would allow us to identify which classes of solution to Fermi's Paradox fit with the evidence (or lack thereof). Using the Earth as an example, we consider a variety of scenarios in which humans could extinguish their own technological civilization. Each scenario presents some form of observable signature that could be probed by astronomical campaigns to detect and characterize extrasolar planetary systems. Some observables are unlikely to be detected at interstellar distances, but some scenarios are likely to produce significant changes in atmospheric composition that could be detected serendipitously with next-generation telescopes. In some cases, the timing of the observation would prove crucial to detection, as the decay of signatures is rapid compared with humanity's communication lifetime. In others, the signatures persist on far longer timescales.

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Sil’chenko, O. K. "Observational Signatures of Dark Matter." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 63, no. 9-10 (February 2021): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-021-10087-7.

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Enckell, Vera-Maria, Kari Enqvist, and Sami Nurmi. "Observational signatures of Higgs inflation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 07 (July 28, 2016): 047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/07/047.

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Zhu, Zhaohuan. "ACCRETING CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS: OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES." Astrophysical Journal 799, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/799/1/16.

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5

Almeida, Susana, Nataliya Le Vine, Neil McIntyre, Thorsten Wagener, and Wouter Buytaert. "Accounting for dependencies in regionalized signatures for predictions in ungauged catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 887–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-887-2016.

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Abstract. A recurrent problem in hydrology is the absence of streamflow data to calibrate rainfall–runoff models. A commonly used approach in such circumstances conditions model parameters on regionalized response signatures. While several different signatures are often available to be included in this process, an outstanding challenge is the selection of signatures that provide useful and complementary information. Different signatures do not necessarily provide independent information and this has led to signatures being omitted or included on a subjective basis. This paper presents a method that accounts for the inter-signature error correlation structure so that regional information is neither neglected nor double-counted when multiple signatures are included. Using 84 catchments from the MOPEX database, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment attributes. The derived relationships are then utilized to assess the joint probability distribution of the signature regionalization errors that is subsequently used in a Bayesian procedure to condition a rainfall–runoff model. The results show that the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve predictions when the error correlations are strong. However, other uncertainties such as model structure and observational error may outweigh the importance of these correlations. Further, these other uncertainties cause some signatures to appear repeatedly to be misinformative.

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Almeida, S., N. Le Vine, N. McIntyre, T. Wagener, and W. Buytaert. "Accounting for dependencies in regionalized signatures for predictions in ungauged catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): 5389–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5389-2015.

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Abstract. A recurrent problem in hydrology is the absence of streamflow data to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. A commonly used approach in such circumstances conditions model parameters on regionalized response signatures. While several different signatures are often available to be included in this process, an outstanding challenge is the selection of signatures that provide useful and complementary information. Different signatures do not necessarily provide independent information, and this has led to signatures being omitted or included on a subjective basis. This paper presents a method that accounts for the inter-signature error correlation structure so that regional information is neither neglected nor double-counted when multiple signatures are included. Using 84 catchments from the MOPEX database, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment attributes. The derived relationships are then utilized to assess the joint probability distribution of the signature regionalization errors that is subsequently used in a Bayesian procedure to condition a rainfall-runoff model. The results show that the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve predictions when the error correlations are strong. However, other uncertainties such as model structure and observational error may outweigh the importance of these correlations. Further, these other uncertainties cause some signatures to appear repeatedly to be disinformative.

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7

Siraj, Amir, and Abraham Loeb. "Observational signatures of sub-relativistic meteoroids." Advances in Space Research 69, no. 10 (May 2022): 3891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.03.001.

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8

Oksala, Mary E. "Observational signatures of hot-star magnetospheres." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S329 (November 2016): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317002460.

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AbstractMagnetic fields play an important role in shaping the circumstellar environment of hot, massive stars. Observational diagnostics give clues to the presence of magnetism across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared features can show more complex structure, indicating they may probe deeper opacities than optical features. Optical and infrared features mimic each other, with identical blue and red peak variations and identical peak velocity of material. These comparisons indicate the location of the infrared and optical emitting material is similar. Longer wavelength diagnostics are currently being developed and tested. IR spectroscopy is a viable tool to detect magnetic candidates in the Galactic center and star forming regions.

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9

Haiman, Zoltan, and Abraham Loeb. "Observational Signatures of the First Quasars." Astrophysical Journal 503, no. 2 (August 20, 1998): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306017.

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10

Ohashi, Junko, Jiro Soda, and Shinji Tsujikawa. "Observational signatures of anisotropic inflationary models." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2013, no. 12 (December 5, 2013): 009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/12/009.

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11

RUFFINI, REMO, FEDERICO FRASCHETTI, LUCA VITAGLIANO, and SHE-SHENG XUE. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC OVERCRITICAL GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 01 (January 2005): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006146.

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We present theoretical predictions for the spectral, temporal and intensity signatures of the electromagnetic radiation emitted during the process of the gravitational collapse of a stellar core to a black hole, during which electromagnetic field strengths rise over the critical value for e+e- pair creation. The last phases of this gravitational collapse are studied, leading to the formation of a black hole with a subcritical electromagnetic field, likely with zero charge, and an outgoing pulse of initially optically thick e+e--photon plasma. Such a pulse reaches transparency at Lorentz gamma factors of 102–104. We find a clear signature in the outgoing electromagnetic signal, drifting from a soft to a hard spectrum, on very precise time-scales and with a very specific intensity modulation. The relevance of these theoretical results for the understanding of short gamma-ray bursts is outlined.

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12

Dymnikova, Irina, and Maxim Khlopov. "Regular black hole remnants and graviatoms with de Sitter interior as heavy dark matter candidates probing inhomogeneity of early universe." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 13 (November 2015): 1545002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815450029.

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We address the question of regular primordial black holes with de Sitter interior, their remnants and gravitational vacuum solitons G-lumps as heavy dark matter candidates providing signatures for inhomogeneity of early universe, which is severely constrained by the condition that the contribution of these objects in the modern density does not exceed the total density of dark matter. Primordial black holes and their remnants seem to be most elusive among dark matter candidates. However, we reveal a nontrivial property of compact objects with de Sitter interior to induce proton decay or decay of neutrons in neutron stars. The point is that they can form graviatoms, binding electrically charged particles. Their observational signatures as dark matter candidates provide also signatures for inhomogeneity of the early universe. In graviatoms, the cross-section of the induced proton decay is strongly enhanced, what provides the possibility of their experimental searches. We predict proton decay paths induced by graviatoms in the matter as an observational signature for heavy dark matter searches at the IceCUBE experiment.

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13

MacFarlane, Benjamin, Dimitris Stamatellos, Doug Johnstone, Gregory Herczeg, Giseon Baek, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Sung-Ju Kang, and Jeong-Eun Lee. "Observational signatures of outbursting protostars - I: From hydrodynamic simulations to observations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 487, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 5106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1512.

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Abstract Accretion onto protostars may occur in sharp bursts. Accretion bursts during the embedded phase of young protostars are probably most intense, but can only be inferred indirectly through long-wavelength observations. We perform radiative transfer calculations for young stellar objects (YSOs) formed in hydrodynamic simulations to predict the long wavelength, sub-mm and mm, flux responses to episodic accretion events, taking into account heating from the young protostar and from the interstellar radiation field. We find that the flux increase due to episodic accretion events is more prominent at sub-mm wavelengths than at mm wavelengths; e.g. a factor of ∼570 increase in the luminosity of the young protostar leads to a flux increase of a factor of 47 at 250 $\mu$m but only a factor of 10 at 1.3 mm. Heating from the interstellar radiation field may reduce further the flux increase observed at longer wavelengths. We find that during FU Ori-type outbursts the bolometric temperature and luminosity may incorrectly classify a source as a more evolved YSO due to a larger fraction of the radiation of the object being emitted at shorter wavelengths.

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14

Felice, Antonio De, Kazuya Koyama, and Shinji Tsujikawa. "Observational signatures of the theories beyond Horndeski." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2015, no. 05 (May 28, 2015): 058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/058.

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15

Oh, Siang Peng. "Observational Signatures of the First Luminous Objects." Astrophysical Journal 527, no. 1 (December 10, 1999): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/308077.

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16

Roedig, Constanze, Julian H. Krolik, and M. Coleman Miller. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF BINARY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES." Astrophysical Journal 785, no. 2 (April 2, 2014): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/785/2/115.

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17

Chen, James, Grant R. Burkhart, and Cheryl Y. Huang. "Observational signatures of nonlinear magnetotail particle dynamics." Geophysical Research Letters 17, no. 12 (November 1990): 2237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl017i012p02237.

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18

Dokuchaev, V. I., and Yu N. Eroshenko. "Observational signatures of the giant planets collisions." Planetary and Space Science 78 (April 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2013.01.007.

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19

Cuello, Nicolás, Fabien Louvet, Daniel Mentiplay, Christophe Pinte, Daniel J. Price, Andrew J. Winter, Rebecca Nealon, et al. "Flybys in protoplanetary discs – II. Observational signatures." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2938.

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ABSTRACT Tidal encounters in star clusters perturb discs around young protostars. In Cuello et al., we detailed the dynamical signatures of a stellar flyby in both gas and dust. Flybys produce warped discs, spirals with evolving pitch angles, increasing accretion rates, and disc truncation. Here, we present the corresponding observational signatures of these features in optical/near-infrared scattered light and (sub) millimetre continuum and CO line emission. Using representative prograde and retrograde encounters for direct comparison, we post-process hydrodynamical simulations with radiative transfer methods to generate a catalogue of multiwavelength observations. This provides a reference to identify flybys in recent near-infrared and submillimetre observations (e.g. RW Aur, AS 205, HV Tau and DO Tau, FU Ori, V2775 Ori, and Z CMa).

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20

Vorobyov, Eduard I., Olga V. Zakhozhay, and Michael M. Dunham. "Fragmenting protostellar discs: properties and observational signatures." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 433, no. 4 (June 26, 2013): 3256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt970.

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21

Calcino, Josh, Daniel J. Price, Christophe Pinte, Himanshi Garg, Brodie J. Norfolk, Valentin Christiaens, Hui Li, and Richard Teague. "Observational signatures of circumbinary discs – I. Kinematics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 523, no. 4 (June 22, 2023): 5763–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1798.

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ABSTRACT We present five morphological and kinematic criteria to aid in asserting the binary nature of a protoplanetary disc, based on 3D hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs post-processed with Monte Carlo radiative transfer. We find that circumbinary discs may be identified by (i) a central cavity, (ii) spiral arms both in and outside of their central cavities, (iii) non-localized perturbations in their iso-velocity curves, (iv) asymmetry between the lines of maximum speed of the blueshifted and redshifted wings, and (v) asymmetry between the area of the blueshifted and redshifted wings. We provide quantitative metrics for the last two criteria that can be used, in conjunction with the morphological criteria, to signal whether a protoplanetary disc is likely to be a circumbinary disc.

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22

Andrić, Jelena, Matthew R. Kumjian, Dušan S. Zrnić, Jerry M. Straka, and Valery M. Melnikov. "Polarimetric Signatures above the Melting Layer in Winter Storms: An Observational and Modeling Study." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 3 (March 2013): 682–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-028.1.

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AbstractPolarimetric radar observations above the melting layer in winter storms reveal enhanced differential reflectivity ZDR and specific differential phase shift KDP, collocated with reduced copolar correlation coefficient ρhv; these signatures often appear as isolated “pockets.” High-resolution RHIs and vertical profiles of polarimetric variables were analyzed for a winter storm that occurred in Oklahoma on 27 January 2009, observed with the polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Norman. The ZDR maximum and ρhv minimum are located within the temperature range between −10° and −15°C, whereas the KDP maximum is located just below the ZDR maximum. These signatures are coincident with reflectivity factor ZH that increases toward the ground. A simple kinematical, one-dimensional, two-moment bulk microphysical model is developed and coupled with electromagnetic scattering calculations to explain the nature of the observed polarimetric signature. The microphysics model includes nucleation, deposition, and aggregation and considers only ice-phase hydrometeors. Vertical profiles of the polarimetric radar variables (ZH, ZDR, KDP, and ρhv) were calculated using the output from the microphysical model. The base model run reproduces the general profile and magnitude of the observed ZH and ρhv and the correct shape (but not magnitude) of ZDR and KDP. Several sensitivity experiments were conducted to determine if the modeled signatures of all variables can match the observed ones. The model was incapable of matching both the observed magnitude and shape of all polarimetric variables, however. This implies that some processes not included in the model (such as secondary ice generation) are important in producing the signature.

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23

Paul, Suvankar, Rajibul Shaikh, Pritam Banerjee, and Tapobrata Sarkar. "Observational signatures of wormholes with thin accretion disks." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020, no. 03 (March 27, 2020): 055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/055.

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24

Theuns, T., H. J. Mo, and J. Schaye. "Observational signatures of feedback in QSO absorption spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 321, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04026.x.

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25

Ricarte, Angelo, and Priyamvada Natarajan. "The observational signatures of supermassive black hole seeds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 481, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 3278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2448.

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26

Wikstøl, Ø., P. G. Judge, and V. H. Hansteen. "Observational signatures of nanoflare heated solar stellar coronae." Advances in Space Research 20, no. 12 (January 1997): 2289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00899-5.

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27

Helder, E. A., J. Vink, A. M. Bykov, Y. Ohira, J. C. Raymond, and R. Terrier. "Observational Signatures of Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants." Space Science Reviews 173, no. 1-4 (August 31, 2012): 369–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9919-8.

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28

Done, C., and S. Nayakshin. "Observational Signatures of X‐Ray–irradiated Accretion Disks." Astrophysical Journal 546, no. 1 (January 2001): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/318245.

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29

Brown, John C., Robert W. Carlson, and Mark P. Toner. "DESTRUCTION AND OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF SUN-IMPACTING COMETS." Astrophysical Journal 807, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/807/2/165.

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30

Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, Ziri Younsi, Oliver Porth, Yosuke Mizuno, Christian Fromm, Luciano Rezzolla, and Hector Olivares. "Observational signatures of spherically-symmetric black hole spacetimes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 942 (December 2017): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/942/1/012007.

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31

Lilley, Marc, Larissa Lorenz, and Sébastien Clesse. "Observational signatures of a non-singular bouncing cosmology." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no. 06 (June 6, 2011): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/06/004.

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32

Steed, K., C. J. Owen, P. Démoulin, and S. Dasso. "Investigating the observational signatures of magnetic cloud substructure." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 116, A1 (January 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010ja015940.

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33

Ricarte, Angelo, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Ramesh Narayan, Freek Roelofs, and Razieh Emami. "Observational Signatures of Frame Dragging in Strong Gravity." Astrophysical Journal Letters 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca087.

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Abstract Objects orbiting in the presence of a rotating massive body experience a gravitomagnetic frame-dragging effect, known as the Lense-Thirring effect, that has been experimentally confirmed in the weak-field limit. In the strong-field limit, near the horizon of a rotating black hole, frame dragging becomes so extreme that all objects must co-rotate with the black hole’s angular momentum. In this work, we perform general relativistic numerical simulations to identify observable signatures of frame dragging in the strong-field limit that appear when infalling gas is forced to flip its direction of rotation as it is being accreted. In total intensity images, infalling streams exhibit “S”-shaped features due to the switch in the tangential velocity. In linear polarization, a flip in the handedness of spatially resolved polarization ticks as a function of radius encodes a transition in the magnetic field geometry that occurs due to magnetic flux freezing in the dragged plasma. Using a network of telescopes around the world, the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration has demonstrated that it is now possible to directly image black holes on event horizon scales. We show that the phenomena described in this work would be accessible to the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope and extensions of the array into space, which would produce spatially resolved images on event horizon scales with higher spatial resolution and dynamic range.

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34

Komossa, S. "Electromagnetic Signatures of Recoiling Black Holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S267 (August 2009): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131000699x.

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AbstractRecent numerical relativity simulations predict that coalescing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can receive kick velocities up to several thousands of kilometers per second due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves, leading to long-lived oscillations of the SMBHs in galaxy cores and even SMBH ejections from their host galaxies. Observationally, accreting recoiling SMBHs would appear as quasars spatially and/or kinematically offset from their host galaxies. The presence of these “kicks” and “superkicks” has a wide range of exciting astrophysical implications which only now are beginning to be explored, including consequences for black hole and galaxy growth at the epoch of structure formation, modes of feedback, unified models of AGN, and the number of obscured AGN. SMBH recoil oscillations beyond the torus scale can be on the order of a quasar lifetime, thus potentially affecting a large fraction of the quasar population. We discuss how this might explain the long-standing puzzle of a deficiency of obscured type 2 quasars at high luminosities. Observational signatures of recoiling SMBHs are discussed and results from follow-up studies of the candidate recoiling SMBH SDSSJ0927+2943 are presented.

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35

Owen, Ellis R., Alvina Y. L. On, Shih-Ping Lai, and Kinwah Wu. "Observational Signatures of Cosmic-Ray Interactions in Molecular Clouds." Astrophysical Journal 913, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abee1a.

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36

Dotti, M., A. Sesana, and R. Decarli. "Massive Black Hole Binaries: Dynamical Evolution and Observational Signatures." Advances in Astronomy 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/940568.

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The study of the dynamical evolution of massive black hole pairs in mergers is crucial in the context of a hierarchical galaxy formation scenario. The timescales for the formation and the coalescence of black hole binaries are still poorly constrained, resulting in large uncertainties in the expected rate of massive black hole binaries detectable in the electromagnetic and gravitational wave spectra. Here, we review the current theoretical understanding of the black hole pairing in galaxy mergers, with a particular attention to recent developments and open issues. We conclude with a review of the expected observational signatures of massive binaries and of the candidates discussed in literature to date.

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Aerts, C., and T. M. Rogers. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF CONVECTIVELY DRIVEN WAVES IN MASSIVE STARS." Astrophysical Journal 806, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): L33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/806/2/l33.

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38

Wang, Yun. "Observational signatures of the weak lensing magnification of supernovae." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2005, no. 03 (March 23, 2005): 005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2005/03/005.

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39

Acquaviva, Viviana, and Licia Verde. "Observational signatures of Jordan–Brans–Dicke theories of gravity." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2007, no. 12 (December 7, 2007): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2007/12/001.

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40

Baker, Tessa, and Philip Bull. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF MODIFIED GRAVITY ON ULTRA-LARGE SCALES." Astrophysical Journal 811, no. 2 (September 28, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/811/2/116.

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41

Smith, Steven J., C. F. Kennel, and F. V. Coroniti. "Nuclear winds in active elliptical galaxies. II - Observational signatures." Astrophysical Journal 412 (July 1993): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/172902.

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42

Arber, T. D., A. W. Longbottom, and R. A. M. Van der Linden. "Unstable Coronal Loops: Numerical Simulations with Predicted Observational Signatures." Astrophysical Journal 517, no. 2 (June 1999): 990–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/307222.

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43

Mariska, John T. "Observational signatures of loop flows driven by asymmetric heating." Astrophysical Journal 334 (November 1988): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/166853.

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44

Hillman, Y., D. Prialnik, A. Kovetz, and M. M. Shara. "Observational signatures of SNIa progenitors, as predicted by models." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 446, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 1924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2235.

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45

Bernardini, Maria Grazia. "Gamma-ray bursts and magnetars: Observational signatures and predictions." Journal of High Energy Astrophysics 7 (September 2015): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jheap.2015.05.003.

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46

Forgan, Duncan H., and Martin Elvis. "Extrasolar asteroid mining as forensic evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence." International Journal of Astrobiology 10, no. 4 (May 9, 2011): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550411000127.

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AbstractThe development of civilizations such as ours into spacefaring, multi-planet entities requires significant raw materials to construct vehicles and habitats. Interplanetary debris, including asteroids and comets, may provide such a source of raw materials. In this article, we present the hypothesis that extraterrestrial intelligences (ETIs) engaged in asteroid mining may be detectable from Earth. Considering the detected disc of debris around Vega as a template, we explore the observational signatures of targeted asteroid mining (TAM), such as unexplained deficits in chemical species, changes in the size distribution of debris and other thermal signatures that may be detectable in the spectral energy distribution (SED) of a debris disc. We find that individual observational signatures of asteroid mining can be explained by natural phenomena, and as such they cannot provide conclusive detections of ETIs. But, it may be the case that several signatures appearing in the same system will prove harder to model without extraterrestrial involvement. Therefore, signatures of TAM are not detections of ETI in their own right, but as part of ‘piggy-back’ studies carried out in tandem with conventional debris disc research, they could provide a means of identifying unusual candidate systems for further study using other search for extra terrestrial intelligence (SETI) techniques.

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47

Bisbas, Thomas G., Kei E. I. Tanaka, Jonathan C. Tan, Benjamin Wu, and Fumitaka Nakamura. "GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. V. Observational Signatures." Astrophysical Journal 850, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa94c5.

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48

Botha, G. J. J., T. D. Arber, and Abhishek K. Srivastava. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF THE CORONAL KINK INSTABILITY WITH THERMAL CONDUCTION." Astrophysical Journal 745, no. 1 (December 29, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/53.

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49

Chen, Xingang, Min-xin Huang, Shamit Kachru, and Gary Shiu. "Observational signatures and non-Gaussianities of general single-field inflation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2007, no. 01 (January 2, 2007): 002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2007/01/002.

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50

Prior, Christopher, and Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos. "Observational signatures of magnetic field structure in relativistic AGN jets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834469.

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Abstract:

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) launch highly energetic jets sometimes outshining their host galaxy. These jets are collimated outflows that have been accelerated near a supermassive black hole located at the centre of the galaxy. Their, virtually indispensable, energy reservoir is either due to gravitational energy released from accretion or due to the extraction of kinetic energy from the rotating supermassive black hole itself. In order to channel part of this energy to the jet, though, the presence of magnetic fields is necessary. The extent to which these magnetic fields survive in the jet further from the launching region is under debate. Nevertheless, observations of polarised emission and Faraday rotation measure confirm the existence of large scale magnetic fields in jets. Aims. Various models describing the origin of the magnetic fields in AGN jets lead to different predictions about the large scale structure of the magnetic field. In this paper we study the observational signatures of different magnetic field configurations that may exist in AGN jets in order to asses what kind of information regarding the field structure can be obtained from radio emission, and what would be missed. Methods. We explore three families of magnetic field configurations. First, a force-free helical magnetic field corresponding to a dynamically relaxed field in the rest frame of the jet. Second, a magnetic field with a co-axial cable structure arising from the Biermann-battery effect at the accretion disk. Third, a braided magnetic field that could be generated by turbulent motion at the accretion disk. We evaluate the intensity of synchrotron emission, the intrinsic polarization profile and the Faraday rotation measure arising from these fields. We assume that the jet consists of a relativistic spine where the radiation originates from and a sheath containing thermalised electrons responsible for the Faraday screening. We evaluate these values for a range of viewing angles and Lorentz factors. We account for Gaussian beaming that smooths the observed profile. Results. Radio emission distributions from the jets with dominant large-scale helical fields show asymmetry across their width. The Faraday rotation asymmetry is the same for fields with opposing chirality (handedness). For jets which are tilted towards the observer the synchrotron emission and fractional polarization can distinguish the field’s chirality. When viewed either side-on or at a Blazar type angle only the fractional polarization can make this distinction. Further this distinction can only be made if the direction of the jet propagation velocity is known, along with the location of the jet’s origin. The complex structure of the braided field is found not to be observable due to a combination of line of sight integration and limited resolution of observation. This raises the possibility that, even if asymmetric radio emission signatures are present, the true structure of the field may still be obscure.

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