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Academic literature on the topic 'Observational signatures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Stevens, Adam, Duncan Forgan, and Jack O'Malley James. "Observational signatures of self-destructive civilizations." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 4 (October 23, 2015): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000397.

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AbstractWe address the possibility that intelligent civilizations that destroy themselves could present signatures observable by humanity. Placing limits on the number of self-destroyed civilizations in the Milky Way has strong implications for the final three terms in Drake's Equation, and would allow us to identify which classes of solution to Fermi's Paradox fit with the evidence (or lack thereof). Using the Earth as an example, we consider a variety of scenarios in which humans could extinguish their own technological civilization. Each scenario presents some form of observable signature that could be probed by astronomical campaigns to detect and characterize extrasolar planetary systems. Some observables are unlikely to be detected at interstellar distances, but some scenarios are likely to produce significant changes in atmospheric composition that could be detected serendipitously with next-generation telescopes. In some cases, the timing of the observation would prove crucial to detection, as the decay of signatures is rapid compared with humanity's communication lifetime. In others, the signatures persist on far longer timescales.

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Sil’chenko, O. K. "Observational Signatures of Dark Matter." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 63, no. 9-10 (February 2021): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-021-10087-7.

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Enckell, Vera-Maria, Kari Enqvist, and Sami Nurmi. "Observational signatures of Higgs inflation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2016, no. 07 (July 28, 2016): 047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/07/047.

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Zhu, Zhaohuan. "ACCRETING CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS: OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES." Astrophysical Journal 799, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/799/1/16.

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Almeida, Susana, Nataliya Le Vine, Neil McIntyre, Thorsten Wagener, and Wouter Buytaert. "Accounting for dependencies in regionalized signatures for predictions in ungauged catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 887–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-887-2016.

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Abstract. A recurrent problem in hydrology is the absence of streamflow data to calibrate rainfall–runoff models. A commonly used approach in such circumstances conditions model parameters on regionalized response signatures. While several different signatures are often available to be included in this process, an outstanding challenge is the selection of signatures that provide useful and complementary information. Different signatures do not necessarily provide independent information and this has led to signatures being omitted or included on a subjective basis. This paper presents a method that accounts for the inter-signature error correlation structure so that regional information is neither neglected nor double-counted when multiple signatures are included. Using 84 catchments from the MOPEX database, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment attributes. The derived relationships are then utilized to assess the joint probability distribution of the signature regionalization errors that is subsequently used in a Bayesian procedure to condition a rainfall–runoff model. The results show that the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve predictions when the error correlations are strong. However, other uncertainties such as model structure and observational error may outweigh the importance of these correlations. Further, these other uncertainties cause some signatures to appear repeatedly to be misinformative.

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Almeida, S., N. Le Vine, N. McIntyre, T. Wagener, and W. Buytaert. "Accounting for dependencies in regionalized signatures for predictions in ungauged catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): 5389–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5389-2015.

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Abstract. A recurrent problem in hydrology is the absence of streamflow data to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. A commonly used approach in such circumstances conditions model parameters on regionalized response signatures. While several different signatures are often available to be included in this process, an outstanding challenge is the selection of signatures that provide useful and complementary information. Different signatures do not necessarily provide independent information, and this has led to signatures being omitted or included on a subjective basis. This paper presents a method that accounts for the inter-signature error correlation structure so that regional information is neither neglected nor double-counted when multiple signatures are included. Using 84 catchments from the MOPEX database, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment attributes. The derived relationships are then utilized to assess the joint probability distribution of the signature regionalization errors that is subsequently used in a Bayesian procedure to condition a rainfall-runoff model. The results show that the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve predictions when the error correlations are strong. However, other uncertainties such as model structure and observational error may outweigh the importance of these correlations. Further, these other uncertainties cause some signatures to appear repeatedly to be disinformative.

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Siraj, Amir, and Abraham Loeb. "Observational signatures of sub-relativistic meteoroids." Advances in Space Research 69, no. 10 (May 2022): 3891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.03.001.

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Oksala, Mary E. "Observational signatures of hot-star magnetospheres." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S329 (November 2016): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317002460.

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AbstractMagnetic fields play an important role in shaping the circumstellar environment of hot, massive stars. Observational diagnostics give clues to the presence of magnetism across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared features can show more complex structure, indicating they may probe deeper opacities than optical features. Optical and infrared features mimic each other, with identical blue and red peak variations and identical peak velocity of material. These comparisons indicate the location of the infrared and optical emitting material is similar. Longer wavelength diagnostics are currently being developed and tested. IR spectroscopy is a viable tool to detect magnetic candidates in the Galactic center and star forming regions.

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Haiman, Zoltan, and Abraham Loeb. "Observational Signatures of the First Quasars." Astrophysical Journal 503, no. 2 (August 20, 1998): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306017.

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Ohashi, Junko, Jiro Soda, and Shinji Tsujikawa. "Observational signatures of anisotropic inflationary models." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2013, no. 12 (December 5, 2013): 009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/12/009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Sming, Yue-Lin Sming. "Observational signatures of supersymmetric dark matter." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544174.

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Sarkar, Tamal. "Search for some observational signatures of general relativity." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2643.

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Hamilton, Devon. "Observational signatures of convection in solar type stars." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58914.pdf.

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Harding, Paul. "The formation of the Galactic bulge and halo: Observational signatures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289743.

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The evolution of tidal debris within the Galactic halo has been simulated to determine its detectability within the constraints imposed by currently available telescopes and instrumentation. Observations of the simulations show that there is a very high probability of detecting and quantifying the presence of tidal debris with a pencil beam survey of 100 square degrees. The debris is readily detectable via the presence of kinematic substructure in the radial velocities. The detection probabilities show surprisingly little change with the age of the debris. Accretion events that occurred up to ≳ 10 Gyr ago can be detected. In the limiting case of a single 10⁷ M(⊙) satellite contributing 1% of the luminous halo mass the detection probability is a few percent using just the velocities of 100 halo stars in a single 1 deg² field. The detection probabilities scale with the accreted fraction of the halo and the number of fields surveyed. Accurate CMDs in the Washington photometric system have been derived for four fields spanning the range of Galactocentric distances from 1.5 to 5.5 kpc. The differential reddening variations within each field were corrected by a new technique optimized for the highly variable reddening variations found in bulge fields. Abundance distributions in the four fields were derived from color-color diagrams in the Washington system. The quality of the photometry which yields photometric abundances with σ[Fe/H] ≲ 0.25 dex (including reddening errors) supplemented by the luminosity information from observations in the 51 filter allows contamination by foreground and background stars to be eliminated from the bulge sample. A clear abundance gradient is seen which is consistent with the change in morphology of the CMDs. The abundance gradient is predominantly due to a decrease in the fraction of stars in the metal-rich shoulder of the abundance distributions. The modal abundance changes little. Relative to Baade's window the magnitude distribution of clump stars in the L354 B-06 field implies a bar angle of ≃ 40 deg.

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Bending, Victoria Louise. "Extra-solar planetary atmospheres and interior structure : implications for observational signatures." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701075.

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Hot Jupiter exoplanets are a previously unknown and fascinating field of study. Models of planet formation based only around the Solar System did not predict their existence, occupying as they do the orbital region less than 0.1 AD from their parent stars. Believed to be tidally locked, always presenting the same face to the star, these gas giants are bathed in intense irradiation, and inhabit a regime alien to anything known in the Solar System. As exoplanetary surveys discover an increasing number of planets, the ubiquity of hot Jupiters in the galaxy continues to be confirmed. Both the evolution and the atmospheric dynamics of these unusual planets are natural focuses of study. However, most authors have historically concentrated on one or the other of these two lines of enquiry, although both are linked. In the case of gas giants in particular, which have no true ground or otherwise easily defined surface layer, the two regimes blend towards the outer layers of the planet. This convergence renders the possibility of model overlap ever more relevant, a possibility that is here studied, both independently and together, ultimately continuing to the modelling of the specific known exoplanets HD 209458b, HD 189733b, and WASP-7b. It is found that, while it is reasonable for interior evolution model results to be used to provide boundary conditions and atmospheric characteristics for the purposes of three-dimensional atmospheric modelling, the reverse is a much more difficult propo- sition, providing few truly relevant constraints. Observational characteristics are also predicted, with cyclic variability found in the case of HD 209458b, a more permanently variable state in the case of HD 189733b, and very little longitudinal temperature variation for the calmer atmosphere of WASP-7b.

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Patrick, Antolin Tobos. "Predicting observational signatures of coronal heating by Alfven waves and nanoflares." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126571.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第14894号
理博第3463号
新制||理||1507(附属図書館)
27332
UT51-2009-M808
京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻
(主査)教授柴田一成, 教授一本潔, 教授嶺重慎
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Jürgens, Gero [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartelmann. "Evolution and observational signatures of cosmic structures / Gero Jürgens ; Betreuer: Matthias Bartelmann." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177148463/34.

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Ogawa, Takumi. "Observational Signatures of Super-Eddington Accretors:Views from Radiation Hydrodynamics/Radiation Transfer Simulations." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263470.

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Hall, Cassandra. "Using numerical simulations to identify observational signatures of self-gravitating protostellar discs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29585.

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In this thesis, I study numerical and semi-analytical models of self-gravitating protostellar discs, with the aim of furthering our understanding of the role of disc-self gravity in planet formation. At the time of writing, the ALMA era of observational astronomy is upon us. Therefore, I place my research into this context with synthetic images of both numerical and semi-analytical models. I begin with an examination into the apparent lack of convergence, with increasing resolution, of the fragmentation boundary in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of a protostellar disc. I run a suite of SPH with different numerical implementations, and find that even very similar implementations can fundamentally change the final answer. I analyse a suite of SPH simulations that fragment to form gravitationally bound objects, with the motivation of informing future population synthesis model development. I find that fragment-fragment and fragment-disc interaction dominates the orbital evolution of the system even at very early times, and any attempt to produce a population of objects from the gravitational instability process must include these interactions. Before a disc fragments, it will go through a self-gravitating phase. If the disc cools globally on a timescale such that it is balanced by heating due to gravitational stresses, the disc will be in a state of quasi-equilibrium. So long as the disc mass is sufficiently low, and spirals are sufficiently tightly wound, then angular momentum transport can be described by the local approximation, for which there is an analytical description. Using this analytical description, I develop an existing 1D model into 3D, and examine a wide range of parameter space for which disc self-gravity produces significant non-axisymmetry. Using radiative transfer calculations coupled with synthetic observations, I determine that there is a very narrow range of parameter space in which a disc will have sufficiently large gravitational stresses so as to produce detectable spirals, but the stresses not be so large as to cause the disc to fragment. By developing a simple analytical prescription for dust, I show that this region of parameter space can be broadened considerably. However, it requires grains that are large enough to become trapped by pressure maxima in the disc, so I conclude that if self-gravitating spiral arms are detected in the continuum, it is likely that at least some grain growth has taken place.

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Zach, Juergen Johann. "Observational Signatures of the Macroscopic Formation of Strange Matter during Core Collapse Supernovae." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1053470113.

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Books on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Hamilton, Devon. Observational signatures of convection in solar type stars. Toronto: Graduate Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 2001.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. [Physics of the inner heliosphere: Mechanisms, models and observational signatures: semiannual progress reports, 1 May 1986 -30 Apr. 1987. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Jacobs, Patricia A. Classification of intermittent dependent observations. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990.

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Popielawska, Barbara. Signatures of dual mechanism of plasma sheet formation and structuring: A study based on Prognoz-8 plasma data. Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geofizyki i Centrum Badań Kosmicznych, 1999.

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A, Gurnett Donald, ed. Absence of a magnetic-field signature in plasma-wave observations at Callisto. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Corlies, Lauren Nicole. Observationally Constrained Metal Signatures of Galaxy Evolution in the Stars and Gas of Cosmological Simulations. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2016.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Satellite microwave observations of a storm complex: A comparative analysis : an interim report ... for the period of 1 February 1984 to 30 April 1985. Madison, Wis: Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ed. Satellite microwave observations of a storm complex: A comparative analysis : an interim report ... for the period of 1 February 1984 to 30 April 1985. Madison, Wis: Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985.

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van, Dijken G. L., Comiso Josefino C, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Estimating the thickness of sea ice snow cover in the Weddell Sea from passive microwave brightness temperatures. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1996.

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Brosius, Jeffrey W. Plasma properties and magnetic field structure of the solar corona, based on coordinated Max '91 observations fron SERTS, the VLA, and magnetographs. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. "Observational Signatures of Magnetic Reconnection." In Turbulence, Waves and Instabilities in the Solar Plasma, 297–322. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1063-4_14.

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Lozanov, Kaloian. "Observational Implications and Signatures of Reheating." In SpringerBriefs in Physics, 69–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56810-8_6.

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Pearson, Jonathan. "Observational Signatures of Generalized Cosmological Perturbations." In Generalized Perturbations in Modified Gravity and Dark Energy, 175–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01210-0_8.

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Vekstein, G. E. "Solar Coronal Heating: MHD Models and Observational Signatures." In Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere, 29–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0315-9_4.

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Böringer, Hans, and Peter Schuecker. "Observational Signatures and Statistics of Galaxy Cluster Mergers." In Merging Processes in Galaxy Clusters, 133–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48096-4_5.

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Helder, E. A., J. Vink, A. M. Bykov, Y. Ohira, J. C. Raymond, and R. Terrier. "Observational Signatures of Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants." In Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, 369–431. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6455-6_12.

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Dong, Ruobing, Zhaohuan Zhu, and Jeffrey Fung. "Observational Signatures of Planet Formation in Recent Resolved Observations of Protoplanetary Disks." In Formation, Evolution, and Dynamics of Young Solar Systems, 253–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60609-5_9.

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Pejcha, Ondřej. "The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures." In Reviews in Frontiers of Modern Astrophysics, 189–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38509-5_7.

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Nishino, Masaki N., Toshio Terasawa, and Masaki Fujimoto. "Observational signatures of plasma transport across the low-latitude boundary layer." In Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, 265–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/133gm26.

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Blomberg, Lars G. "Viking Observations of Dayside High-Latitude Electric Fields." In Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes, 73–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1052-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Johnson, Jarrett L., Daniel J. Whalen, Volker Bromm, and Naoki Yoshida. "Observational Signatures of the First Galaxies." In THE FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3518851.

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MCFADDEN, PAUL, and KOSTAS SKENDERIS. "OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF HOLOGRAPHIC MODELS OF INFLATION." In Proceedings of the MG12 Meeting on General Relativity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814374552_0468.

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Miranda, Oswaldo D., Dennis Bessada, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "Massive Gravitons and their Possible Observational Signatures." In ICNAAM 2010: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2010. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3498626.

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Zhu, Zhaohuan. "Observational Signatures of Young Planets in Disks." In Frank N. Bash Symposium 2015. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.261.0004.

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Whalen, Daniel J., Chris Fryer, Nobuyuki Kawai, and Shigehiro Nagataki. "The Observational Signatures of Primordial Pair-Instability Supernovae." In DECIPHERING THE ANCIENT UNIVERSE WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3509246.

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Zackrisson, Erik. "The observational signatures of high-redshift dark stars." In Identification of Dark Matter 2010. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.110.0085.

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Maeda, Keiichi, Hajime Susa, Marcel Arnould, Sydney Gales, Tohru Motobayashi, Christoph Scheidenberger, and Hiroaki Utsunomiya. "Asymmetric Explosion of Type Ia Supernovae and Their Observational Signatures." In TOURS SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS—VII. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455921.

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Lymperis, Andreas. "Sudden Future Singularities and their observational signatures in Modified Gravity." In Corfu Summer Institute 2017 "Schools and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity". Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.318.0088.

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Ouyed, Rachid, Denis Leahy, Nico Koning, and Jan E. Staff. "Quark-novae in binaries: Observational signatures and implications to astrophysics." In Proceedings of the MG14 Meeting on General Relativity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813226609_0197.

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Younsi, Ziri, and Arne Grenzebach. "Electromagnetic and observational signatures of the Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime." In Proceedings of the MG14 Meeting on General Relativity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813226609_0456.

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Reports on the topic "Observational signatures"

1

Chen, Xingang, Min-xin Huang, Shamit Kachru, and Gary Shiu. Observational Signatures and Non-Gaussianities ofGeneral Single Field Inflation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881956.

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Roth, Nathaniel Jacob. Modeling the Observational Signatures and Feeding of Super-massive Black Holes using Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489689.

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Kirwan, Jr, Huntley A. D., Lipphardt Helga S., and Bruce L. Jr. Lagrangian Transport Signatures in Models and Observations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542827.

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Graber, Hans C. Satellite Observations of Surface Signatures in the Philippine Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573059.

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Graber, Hans C., and Tanos Elfouhaily. Satellite Observations, Surface Signature and Properties of Nonlinear Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612620.

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Graber, Hans C., and Tanos Elfouhaily. Satellite Observations, Surface Signature and Properties of Nonlinear Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573265.

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Dea, J. Y., W. Van Bise, E. A. Rauscher, and W. M. Boerner. Observations of ELF Signatures Arising from Space Vehicle Disturbances of the Ionosphere. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236563.

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McHugh, Power, and Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.

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Clausen, Jay, Christopher Felt, Michael Musty, Vuong Truong, Susan Frankenstein, Anna Wagner, Rosa Affleck, Steven Peckham, and Christopher Williams. Modernizing environmental signature physics for target detection—Phase 3. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43442.

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Abstract:

The present effort (Phase 3) builds on our previously published prior efforts (Phases 1 and 2), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried object detection. Environmental phenomenological effects are often represented in weather forecasts in a relatively coarse, hourly resolution, which introduces concerns such as exclusion or misrepresentation of ephemera or lags in timing when using this data as an input for the Army’s Tactical Assault Kit software system. Additionally, the direct application of observed temperature data with weather model data may not be the best approach because metadata associated with the observations are not included. As a result, there is a need to explore mathematical methods such as Bayesian statistics to incorporate observations into models. To better address this concern, the initial analysis in Phase 2 data is expanded in this report to include (1) multivariate analyses for detecting objects in soil, (2) a moving box analysis of object visibility with alternative methods for converting FLIR radiance values to thermal temperature values, (3) a calibrated thermal model of soil temperature using thermal IR imagery, and (4) a simple classifier method for automating buried object detection.

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Graber, Hans C., Neil J. Williams, and Michael Caruso. Satellite Observations of Nonlinear Internal Waves and Surface Signatures in the South China Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605158.

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