Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Observateur des perturbations'
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Balogoun, Ismaïla. "Contributions à la théorie du contrôle des systèmes de dimension infinie soumis à des perturbations/incertitudes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0017.
Full textIn this thesis, we study problems ofstabilization and output regulation for infinitedimensionalsystems subjected to disturbances.First, we consider the problem of the stabilizationof an abstract linear infinite-dimensional systemwith unbounded control operators and subject toa matched disturbance. To solve this problem, wefollow a sliding mode control strategy. Secondly, weconsider the problem of the boundary stabilizationof a linear hyperbolic system (a transport equationand a system of transport equations) subjected toa matched disturbance. The objective here is topropose for this particular case a control which requiresmuch less in terms of measurement than thedesign proposed before. To solve this problem, wepropose an active disturbance rejection control. Finally,we are interested in the construction of aninput-to-state stability Lyapunov functional and theoutput regulation of a Korteweg-de Vries equation
Malaizé, Jérémy. "Sur certains problèmes de commande et d'observation pour des tables de positionnement de haute précision." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003384.
Full textForestier, Jean-Michel. "Étude exploratoire de la prédiction en temps réel des mouvements des navires sur la houle." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011323.
Full textCouenne, Nicolas. "Synthèse d'observateurs de systèmes affinés en l'état (partie principale) ; Etude du flot singulier des équations d'Euler." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0044.
Full textHuo, Weiguang. "Stratégies de commandes assistives pour les exosquelettes des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1041/document.
Full textNeurological problems caused by stroke and spinal cord injury as well as the weakness of skeletal muscles may considerably affect the motor ability of the elderly and infirm. Traditional solutions of assistance and treatment for these dependent people are relatively costly; they generally need significant human efforts and financial resources from caregivers and national healthcare centers. In this context, robotics appears as a convenient and promising solution to develop assistive systems for improving the autonomy of dependent people. Lower limb exoskeletons are wearable robots that can be used as assistive devices for augmenting the wearer’s motor ability and/or improving the effectiveness of neuromuscular rehabilitation. Recently, they have attracted increasing interest in the robotics community. As lower limb exoskeletons exhibit close cognitive and physical interactions with the wearer, a fundamental function is to provide appropriate power assistance by taking into account the wearer’s sensor-motor ability. Consequently, it is of great importance to develop human intention based control strategies. Meanwhile, from the exoskeleton’s viewpoint, the physical contacts with the wearer and the environment are both considered disturbances affecting the accomplishment of the wearer’s desired movements. These disturbances should also be taken into account during the design of control strategies.In this thesis, we develop three assistive control strategies for lower limb exoskeletons. In the meantime, two modes of assistance are studied: the passive mode in which the wearer has very limited motor ability as well as the active-assisted mode in which the wearer has certain motor ability but that is insufficient to perform autonomously a desired physical movement. In the first control strategy, the wearer is assumed to be in passive mode. A robust sliding mode control approach is developed based on the use of a nonlinear disturbance observer, in order to guarantee accurate tracking performance of desired knee joint movements. In the second control strategy, we propose a human intention based nonlinear active impedance control structure, in which the wearer is in an active-assisted mode. This assistive strategy is used to assist the wearer in single-task physical activities, for instance, the knee joint flexion/ extension movement. We investigate the performance of the proposed control structure based on two case studies: knee-joint flexion/extension movements and sit-to-stand movements. Finally, the third control strategy is developed to assist the wearer during walking activities. We propose a new approach that is able to detect the gait mode at the early beginning of a new step using the kinematic features namely velocity and position of the wearer’s feet during walking. The proposed gait mode detection approach makes it possible to select appropriate kinematic and kinetic models for each gait mode. Different assistive strategies are developed: partial gravity compensation, virtual-spring/damper based impedance assistance and zero impedance assistance. These strategies are combined differently according to the estimated wearer’s gait mode. To evaluate the proposed control strategies, two lower limb exoskeleton prototypes are developed: a knee joint lower limb exoskeleton, called EICOSI, and a full lower limb exoskeleton, called E-ROWA
Gonzalez, Vieyra Joel Abraham. "Estimation et Contrôle des Systèmes Dynamiques à Entrées Inconnues et Energies Renouvelables." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0012/document.
Full textNowadays, industrial processes must be efficient, particularly at the production level and/or energy consumption.This research work aims at improving the process efficiency by analysing the influences of disturbances on their behaviour, from the conception phase to the synthesis of controller/observer, in an integrated approach.The disturbance rejection problem is first introduced as well as different control laws allowing attenuate/reject these disturbances. A control law based on the concept of derivative state variable is presented and validated while applied as disturbance rejection.In order to reject the disturbance, different physical variables must be estimated, such as state variables, derivative state variables as disturbance variables. An unknown input observer based on the bond graph representation is recalled and extended in the multivariable case. It is the first theoretical contribution of this work.We thus compare the efficiency of different so-called «modern control laws» for the disturbance rejection problems by simulation with the Torsion-Bar system example. We analyse the efficiency of our approach. One extension to the Input-Output decoupling problem allows us to extend the disturbance rejection problem to other control law type in an integrated approach. At least, these techniques are applied on the real Torsion-Bar system and compared. We validate our approach.Since this work aims at analysing and developing efficient control laws for industrial processes, a simplified model of a hydroelectric plant is developed, in order to apply our results. A simplified bond graph model is validated with simulations
Khelfi, Mohamed Fayçal. "Observateurs non linéaires : application à la commande des robots manipulateurs." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10364.
Full textTeppoz, Laurent. "Commande d'un système de conversion de type VSC-HVDC. Stabilité - Contrôle des perturbations." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168414.
Full textplus en plus considérés dans une transmission de puissance et les convertisseurs fonctionnant
en source de tension (VSC) peuvent offrir des degrés de liberté supplémentaires, d'un intérêt
particulier dans la conception d'une commande.
Dans notre étude, les lois de commande sont synthétisées en temps discret et en appliquant
le principe de linéarisation entrée-sortie. Elles ont principalement pour objectifs de stabiliser
la puissance qui transite, d'assurer la régulation de la tension du bus continu et d'obtenir des
facteurs de puissance qui soient, au niveau de la source et de la charge, les plus élevés possible.
Pour pouvoir exploiter en pratique les commandes, il est nécessaire de les associer avec des
observateurs. Du fait que géographiquement la source de puissance et la charge sont situées de
part et d'autre d'une ligne de transmission, l'enjeu ultime de l'observation est la possibilité de
décentraliser les lois de commande. Cette décentralisation implique d'émettre des hypothèses
sur le comportement de ces deux éléments. Celles-ci font l'objet d'une étude approfondie.
Ainsi, dans cette thèse, nous développons une méthodologie de commande qui est systématique
pour les systèmes HVDC intégrant des convertisseurs VSC.
Gaudenzi, de faria Marcelo. "Robust control for manipulation inside a scanning electron microscope." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2068/document.
Full textThis work studies the nano-positioning problem inside the scanning electron microscope (SEM). To acquire fast and accurate positional information, a dedicated setup was implemented consisting of a vibrometer placed inside the SEM. This approach differs from methods based on image processing, as it allows to capture real-time data on the dynamic behavior of structures. In a first study, the mechanical disturbances acting inside the microscope’s vacuum chamber were characterized and its sources were identified. This demonstrated how external mechanical vibrations and acoustic noises can largely influence the components inside the SEM through mechanical coupling, limiting the effective positioning precision of manipulators. Next, a commercial micro-gripper was studied, both in air and in vacuum, and the differences between its response were highlighted. This allowed to obtain two dynamic models for this end-effector, one for each environment. Two control laws were proposed (H-infinity control and Extended State Observer based control) for the system, to obtain a real-time, precise positioning in the vacuum environment and to attenuate the effects of the external mechanical disturbances. Results were demonstrated through simulation and experimental validation
Nascimento, Silva Rafael. "Event-triggered control for nonlinear systems : Application to vehicle platoons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0022.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the design of event-triggered control for nonlinear systems focusing on the application of nonhomogeneous vehicle platooning. Due to the presence of parametric uncertainties and unmeasured exogenous disturbances, the classical feedback linearization technique cannot be applied to attain linear and homogeneous platoon. To address this issue, we propose a disturbance observer (DOB) to estimate a lumped disturbance, representing the effects of both the parametric uncertainty and the unmeasured external signals. The estimated disturbance is directly incorporated into the feedback linearization control law for uncertainty compensation. Considering the compensation effects, to assess the individual stability and the string stability, we formulate an overlapping subsystem representing the interaction between vehicles, which directly exchange information. Through this modeling formulation, individual and string stability of the nonhomogeneous platoon can be studied using ℒ2 stability analysis of a single overlapping subsystem, ensuring the scalability of the proposed stability conditions. Considering event-based transmission for resource-efficient communication, we derive sufficient design conditions using suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and relaxation techniques for dynamic event-triggered control (ETC) methods to ensure individual and string stability in both cases, with and without communication delays. To ensure Zeno-free behavior, a minimum time between consecutive transmissions is imposed. To account for the enforced time, the overlapping subsystem is rewritten as a switching system based on the intervals during which the triggering mechanism is active. As an extension of ETC methods for platooning applications, we propose a co-design ETC method for nonlinear systems, based on a feedback linearization technique. The co-design conditions for both the controller and the event-triggering mechanism are recast as an optimization problem subject to linear matrix inequality constraints. Extensive simulations and comparisons are presented for each proposed ETC control result to illustrate the advantages of the respective methods over the related literature
Nesta tese abordamos o projeto de controle acionado por eventos para sistemas não lineares, com foco na aplicação em comboio de veículos não homogêneos. Devido à presença de incertezas paramétricas e distúrbios exógenos, a técnica clássica de linearização por realimentação não pode ser aplicada para obter um comboio linear e homogêneo. Para resolver essa questão, propomos um observador de distúrbios (DOB : Disturbance observer) para estimar um distúrbio “virtual”, representando os efeitos tanto da incerteza paramétrica quanto dos sinais externos não medidos. O distúrbio estimado é incorporado diretamente na lei de controle de linearização por realimentação para compensação das incertezas. Considerando os efeitos da compensação, para avaliar a estabilidade individual e a estabilidade do comboio, formulamos um subsistema sobreposto que representa a interação entre veículos que trocam informações diretamente. Por meio dessa formulação, a estabilidade individual e do comboio não homogêneo pode ser estudada utilizando a análise de estabilidade ℒ2 de apenas um subsistema sobreposto, garantindo a escalabilidade das condições de estabilidade propostas. Considerando a transmissão baseada em eventos para comunicação eficiente em termos de recursos, derivamos condições suficientes usando funcionais de Lyapunov-Krasovskii adequados e técnicas de relaxamento para métodos de controle acionado por eventos dinâmicos (ETC : Event-triggered control) para garantir a estabilidade individual e do comboio nos casos, com e sem atrasos de comunicação. Para garantir um comportamento livre de Zenão, um tempo mínimo entre transmissões consecutivas é imposto. Para incluir esse tempo no modelo do subsistema sobreposto, o mesmo é reescrito como um sistema chaveado baseado nos intervalos durante os quais o mecanismo de disparo está ativo. Como uma extensão das abordagem ETC aplicada ao comboio, propomos um método para co-projeto de ETC aplicado a sistemas não lineares, baseado em uma técnica de linearização por realimentação. As condições de co-projeto para o controlador e o mecanismo de acionamento de eventos são reformuladas como um problema de otimização sujeito a restrições sob a forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares. Simulações extensivas e comparações são apresentadas para cada controlador ETC proposto com intuito de ilustrar as vantagens dos respectivos métodos em relação à literatura relacionada
Pérez, Estrada Abraham Jashiel. "Observateurs adaptatifs des systèmes LPV : application à la commande et au diagnostic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0069.
Full textIn this thesis, the observer design for linear parameter-varying systems and their applications to fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control is studied. A linear parameter-varying (LPV) system can approximate the nonlinear dynamic behavior through a set of linear state space models that are interpolated by a mechanism depending on the scheduling variables. The observer used in this research is called generalized dynamic observer (GDO), where the principal idea is to add dynamics structure to increase its degrees of freedom, with the purpose of achieving steady-state accuracy and improve robustness in estimation error against disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Therefore, this structure can be considered as more general than a proportional observer and proportional-integral observer. It addresses the GDO synthesis for LPV systems with measured and unmeasured scheduling variables such as the quasi-LPV system, in which the scheduling variables are functions of endogenous signals such as states, inputs, or outputs instead of exogenous signals. Conditions of existence and stability for each GDO structure are given through the Lyapunov approach using parameter-independent Lyapunov function or parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. The design is obtained in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Engineering applications are used to illustrates the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. It considers a fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy for polytopic LPV systems to maintain the current system close to the desired performance and preserve stability conditions in the presence of actuator faults. A fault diagnosis unit is built to estimate the states, the actuator faults, and the parameter variation. That information is essential to the FTC law
Rostaing, Gilles. "DIAGNOSTIC DE DÉFAUT DANS LES ENTRAINEMENTS ÉLECTRIQUES." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909645.
Full textMukepe, Kahilu Moise. "Identification and control of wet grinding processes: application to the Kolwezi concentrator." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209562.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on an industrial application, namely the Kolwezi concentrator (KZC) double closed-loop wet grinding circuit. As any industrial wet grinding process, this process offers complex and challenging control problems due to its configuration and to the requirements on the product characteristics. In particular, we are interested in the modelling of the process and in proposing a control strategy to maximize the product flow rate while meeting requirements on the product fineness and density.
A mathematical model of each component of the circuit is derived. Globally, the KZC grinding process is described by a dynamic nonlinear distributed parameter model. Within this model, we propose a mathematical description to exhibit the increase of the breakage efficiency in wet operating condition. In addition, a relationship is proposed to link the convection velocity to the feed ore rate for material transport within the mills.
All the individual models are identified from measurements taken under normal process operation or from data obtained through new specific experiments, notably using the G41 foaming as a tracer to determine material transport dynamics within the mills. This technique provides satisfactory results compared to previous studies.
Based on the modelling and the circuit configuration, both steady-state and dynamic simulators are developed. The simulation results are found to be in agreement with the experimental data. These simulation tools should allow operator training and they are used to analyse the system and to design the suitable control strategy.
As the KZC wet grinding process is a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system, we propose a decentralized control scheme for its simplicity of implementation. To overcome all the control issues, a Double Internal Model Control (DIMC) scheme is proposed. This strategy is a feedforward-feedback structure based on the use of both a modified Disturbance Observer (DOB) and a Proportional-Integral Smith-Predictor (PI-SP). A duality between the DOB and PI-SP is demonstrated in design method. The latter is exploited to significantly simplify the design procedure. The designed decentralized controllers are validated in simulation on the process linearized model. A progressive implementation of the control strategy is proposed in the context of the KZC grinding circuit where instrumentation might not be obvious to acquire./
Améliorer les techniques de traitement de minerais est un défi permanent dans l'industrie des minéraux et des métaux. En effet, pour satisfaire aux exigences du produit fini (métal ) fixées par le marché de consommation, la commande automatique est souvent appliquée à l'usine du traitement de minerais dont le produit, le concentré, constitue la matière première de la métallurgie extractive. Une attention particulière est donc dévolue aux unités de traitement de minerais et en particulier aux concentrateurs. Comme le processus de réduction des dimensions granulométriques du minerai est l'étape critique d'un concentrateur, il s'avère que la commande d'un circuit de broyage est cruciale, car ce stade représente près de 50 % des dépenses totales de l' usine de concentration. De plus, la dimension granulométrique du produit de l'étape de broyage influe sur le taux de récupération des minéraux utiles ainsi que sur le volume des rejets du processus ultérieur.
La présente thèse porte sur une application industrielle, à savoir le concentrateur de Kolwezi (KZC qui est un circuit de broyage humide à double boucle fermée. Comme tout processus industriel de broyage humide, ce procédé présente une problématique de commande complexe et difficile en raison de sa configuration et des exigences relatives aux caractéristiques du produit. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation de ce procédé et à proposer une stratégie adéquate de commande dans le but de maximiser le débit de production tout en respectant les exigences quant à la finesse et à la densité de la pulpe produite.
Un modèle mathématique de chaque composant du circuit a été déterminé. Globalement, le processus de broyage de KZC est décrit par un modèle dynamique non linéaire à paramètres distribués. Dans ce modèle, une description mathématique de l'augmentation de l'efficacité du broyage en milieu humide est proposée. En outre, nous avons proposé une relation liant la vitesse de convection au débit d'alimentation de minerais dans le modèle du transport de la matière à l'intérieur des broyeurs.
Tous les modèles mathématiques ont été identifiés à partir de mesures prises sur le procédé en fonctionnement d'équilibre stable ou à partir des données obtenues grâce à des nouvelles expériences spécifiques, notamment en utilisant le moussant G41 comme traceur pour déterminer la dynamique de transport de la matière dans les broyeurs. Cette technique a produit des résultats cohérents par rapport aux études antérieurs réalisées au moyen du traceur colorant ou radioactif.
Les simulateurs statique et dynamique ont été développés sur la base de la modélisation mathématique et de la configuration du circuit. Les résultats des simulations sont en accord avec les données expérimentales. Ces outils de simulation devraient permettre la formation des opérateurs et ont été utilisés pour analyser le système et concevoir la stratégie de commande la plus appropriée.
Comme le processus de broyage humide de KZC est un système à plusieurs grandeurs d'entrée et plusieurs grandeurs de sortie, nous avons proposé une structure de commande décentralisée en raison de sa simplicité de mise en œuvre .Afin de surmonter tous les problèmes de commande, un schéma de commande à double modèle interne (CDMI) est proposée. Cette stratégie est une structure à anticipation - rétroaction basée sur l'utilisation d'un observateur de perturbations (OBP) et d'un Prédicteur de Smith doté d'un régulateur Proportionnel-Intégral (PS-PI). Une dualité entre l'OBP et le PS-PI est démontrée dans la méthode de conception. Cette propriété est exploitée pour simplifier considérablement la procédure de conception. Les régulateurs décentralisés ainsi conçus sont validés en simulation sur le modèle linéarisé du procédé. Une mise en œuvre progressive de la stratégie de commande est proposée dans le contexte du circuit de broyage de KZC où l'instrumentation peut ne pas être évidente à acquérir.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bakri, Nizar. "Asservissement par camera d'un pendule inverse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13222.
Full textDumont, Maxime. "Apports de la modélisation des interactions pour une compréhension fonctionnelle d'un écosystème : application à des bactéries nitrifiantes en chémostat." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20199.
Full textThe characteristics of microbial ecosystems make them appropriate models for studying certain important issues in general ecology using both theoretical and experimental approaches. However, their use remains marginal due to the difficulty in extracting key information. In this thesis, we have worked to such difficulties in the study of the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning by the use of molecular and automatic tools during the monitoring of nitrifying chemostats. First, we propose a generic method for allocating one of the studied functions performed by an ecosystem to each of the phylotypes (i. E. Molecular species) detected by molecular fingerprinting. This method constitutes an essential step in devising a structured mass-balance model taking account of inter- and intra-specific interactions which may occur between the different assembled species. Then, we accomplished such modeling by considering the dynamics of four phylotypes: two AOB (i. E. Oxidizing ammonium into nitrite) and two NOB (i. E. Oxidizing nitrites into nitrates). The comparison of the experimental data for these four phylotypes with the simulation given by the model shows that microbial interactions can lead to coexistence and play an important role in the functions expressed by the ecosystem. Finally, we have also studied the influence of different biotic disturbances on the resilience of the nitrifying systems and as a result, confirm studies which have been shown that the macroscopic functioning of an ecosystem can be stable despite significant variations at the populational scale
Dudret, Stéphane. "Modèles de convection-diffusion pour les colonnes de distillation : application à l'estimation et au contrôle des procédés de séparation cryogéniques des gaz de l'air." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00874677.
Full textMartini, Adnan. "Modélisation et commande de vol d'un hélicoptère drone soumis à une rafale de vent." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340584.
Full textMohy, El Dine Kamal. "Control of robotic mobile manipulators : application to civil engineering." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC015/document.
Full textDespite the advancements in industrial automation, robotic solutions are not yet commonly used in the civil engineering sector. More specifically, grinding tasks such as asbestos removal, are still performed by human operators using conventional electrical and hydraulic tools. However, with the decrease in the relative cost of machinery with respect to human labor and with the strict health regulations on such risky jobs, robots are progressively becoming credible alternatives to automate these tasks and replace humans.In this thesis, novel surface grinding control approaches are elaborated. The first controller is based on hybrid position-force controller with compliant wrist and a smooth switching strategy. In this controller, the impact force is reduced by the proposed smooth switching between free space and contact modes. The second controller is based on a developed grinding model and an adaptive hybrid position-velocity-force controller. The controllers are validated experimentally on a 7-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm equipped with a camera and a force-torque sensor. The experimental results show good performances and the controllers are promising. Additionally, a new approach for controlling the stability of mobile manipulators in real time is presented. The controller is based on zero moment point, it is tested in simulations and it was able to actively maintain the tip-over stability of the mobile manipulator while moving. Moreover, the modeling and sensors uncertainties are taken into account in the mentioned controllers where observers are proposed. The details of the development and evaluation of the several proposed controllers are presented, their merits and limitations are discussed and future works are suggested