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1
Frattini, Annalisa, Simona Bolamperti, Roberto Valli, Marco Cipolli, Rita Maria Pinto, Elena Bergami, Maria Rita Frau, et al. "Enhanced p53 Levels Are Involved in the Reduced Mineralization Capacity of Osteoblasts Derived from Shwachman–Diamond Syndrome Subjects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 13331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413331.
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Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, a factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. By analyzing osteoblasts from SDS patients (SDS-OBs), we show that SDS-OBs displayed reduced SBDS gene expression and reduced/undetectable SBDS protein compared to osteoblasts from healthy subjects (H-OBs). SDS-OBs cultured in an osteogenic medium displayed a lower mineralization capacity compared to H-OBs. Whole transcriptome analysis showed significant differences in the gene expression of SDS-OBs vs. H-OBs, particularly in the ossification pathway. SDS-OBs expressed lower levels of the main genes responsible for osteoblastogenesis. Of all downregulated genes, Western blot analyses confirmed lower levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I in SDS-OBs than in H-OBs. Interestingly, SDS-OBs showed higher protein levels of p53, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, compared to H-OBs. Silencing of Tp53 was associated with higher collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase protein levels and an increase in SDS-OB mineralization capacity. In conclusion, our results show that the reduced capacity of SDS-OBs to mineralize is mediated, at least in part, by the high levels of p53 and highlight an important role of SBDS in osteoblast functions.
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Arrizubieta, Maite, Oihane Simón, Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo, Miguel López-Ferber, Trevor Williams, and Primitivo Caballero. "Coocclusion of Helicoverpa armigera Single Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) and Helicoverpa armigera Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearMNPV): Pathogenicity and Stability in Homologous and Heterologous Hosts." Viruses 14, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040687.
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Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) is a virulent pathogen of lepidopterans in the genera Heliothis and Helicoverpa, whereas Helicoverpa armigera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) is a different virus species with a broader host range. This study aimed to examine the consequences of coocclusion of HearSNPV and HearMNPV on the pathogenicity, stability and host range of mixed-virus occlusion bodies (OBs). HearSNPV OBs were approximately 6-fold more pathogenic than HearMNPV OBs, showed faster killing by approximately 13 h, and were approximately 45% more productive in terms of OB production per larva. For coocclusion, H. armigera larvae were first inoculated with HearMNPV OBs and subsequently inoculated with HearSNPV OBs at intervals of 0–72 h after the initial inoculation. When the interval between inoculations was 12–24 h, OBs collected from virus-killed insects were found to comprise 41–57% of HearSNPV genomes, but the prevalence of HearSNPV genomes was greatly reduced (3–4%) at later time points. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed the presence of HearSNPV genomes in a small fraction of multinucleocapsid ODVs representing 0.47–0.88% of the genomes quantified in ODV samples, indicating that both viruses had replicated in coinfected host cells. End-point dilution assays on ODVs from cooccluded mixed-virus OBs confirmed the presence of both viruses in 41.9–55.6% of wells that were predicted to have been infected by a single ODV. A control experiment indicated that this result was unlikely to be due to the adhesion of HearSNPV ODVs to HearMNPV ODVs or accidental contamination during ODV band extraction. Therefore, the disparity between the qPCR and end-point dilution estimates of the prevalence of mixed-virus ODVs likely reflected virus-specific differences in replication efficiency in cell culture and the higher infectivity of pseudotyped ODVs that were produced in coinfected parental cells. Bioassays on H. armigera, Spodoptera frugiperda and Mamestra brassicae larvae revealed that mixed-virus OBs were capable of infecting heterologous hosts, but relative potency values largely reflected the proportion of HearMNPV present in each mixed-virus preparation. The cooccluded mixtures were unstable in serial passage; HearSNPV rapidly dominated during passage in H. armigera whereas HearMNPV rapidly dominated during passage in the heterologous hosts. We conclude that mixed-virus coocclusion technology may be useful for producing precise mixtures of viruses with host range properties suitable for the control of complexes of lepidopteran pests in particular crops, although this requires validation by field testing.
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Luo, Sijiani, Yanfang Zhang, Xushi Xu, Marcel Westenberg, Just M. Vlak, Hualin Wang, Zhihong Hu, and Fei Deng. "Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion-derived virus-associated protein, HA100, affects oral infectivity in vivo but not virus replication in vitro." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.029116-0.
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ORF100 (ha100) of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) has been reported as one of the unique genes of group II alphabaculoviruses encoding a protein located in the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) envelope and nucleocapsid. The protein consists of 510 aa with a predicted mass of 58.1 kDa and is a homologue of poly(ADP–ribose) glycohydrolase in eukaryotes. Western blot analysis detected a 60 kDa band in HearNPV-infected HzAM1 cells starting at 18 h post-infection. Transient expression of GFP-fused HA100 in HzAM1 cells resulted in cytoplasmic localization of the protein, but after superinfection with HearNPV, GFP-fused HA100 was localized in the nucleus. To study the function of HA100 further, an ha100-null virus was constructed using bacmid technology. Viral one-step growth curve analyses showed that the ha100-null virus had similar budded virus production kinetics to that of the parental virus. Electron microscopy revealed that deletion of HA100 did not alter the morphology of ODVs or occlusion bodies (OBs). However, bioassays in larvae showed that the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) value of HA100-null OBs was significantly higher than that of parental OBs; the median lethal time (LT50) of ha100-null OBs was about 24 h later than control virus. These results indicate that HA100 is not essential for virus replication in vitro. However, it significantly affects the oral infectivity of OBs in host insects, suggesting that the association HA100 with the ODV contributes to the infectivity of OBs in vivo.
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Ali, M. Ibrahim, S. Y. Young, G. W. Felton, and D. A. Streett. "Influence of Cotton Plant Structures on Heliothine Larval Development and the Production and Infectivity of Occlusion Bodies of Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Larvae." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.3.368.
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Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.), reared on different cotton structures, were studied for larval growth and development, susceptibility to H. zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV), and production of occluded virus (OBs). Larval weight of both species after 10 d of rearing differed with larvae on artificial diet having the highest weight and those on square bracts the lowest weight. In both species, pupal weight and length of pupal developmental period were positively correlated with the larval weight, but length of the larval developmental period was negatively correlated with larval weight. Mortality from virus infection of H. zea and H. virescens larvae on squares, square bracts or flowers did not differ significantly among the structures. In both species, the number of viral OBs produced was greater in larvae fed flowers than those fed other structures and was positively correlated with the weight gained by a healthy larva on that plant structure. The mean LC50 for OBs produced in H. zea or H. virescens larvae on square, square bract or flower did not differ significantly. These results indicate that dietary difference in fruiting structures of cotton plants directly affects H. zea and H. virescens larval growth and development and indirectly affects the production of virus by HzNPV-infected larvae.
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Liyanagamage, Champika. "Banking sector competitiveness." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i2.1062.
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Despite core banking, banks also engage in off-balance-sheet (OBS) market activities. In many developed banking industries, OBS activities have grown to be significant during the last two decades. This paper provides rather scarce evidence on the competitiveness among banks for OBS activities and its impact on the degree of banking sector competition in Sri Lanka. Panzar-Ross H statistic approach employing in this study to estimate bank competition used a comprehensive set of bank-level data of the whole commercial banking sector in Sri Lanka covering the period 1996-2018. The first-round analysis of the study uncovers substantial differences among banks concerning the OBS activities. EGLS panel estimation procedure applied in this study provides evidence for a lower level of competitiveness among Sri Lankan banks for OBS activities. More interestingly, the findings further reveal that the degree of competitiveness for OBS activities has a significant positive impact on the overall competitiveness of the banking sector in Sri Lanka. These results suggest banking institutions re-visit their business models with greater emphasis on nonconventional banking activities in enhancing bank-level efficiency and hence positively contributing to the overall competitiveness of the banking sector.
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Abolade, Jeremiah O., Dominic B. O. Konditi, Pierre M. Mpele, Abidemi M. Orimogunje, and Jonathan P. Oguntoye. "Miniaturized Dual-Band Antenna for GSM1800, WLAN, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Portable Mobile Devices." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (September 12, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5455915.
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Miniature devices are becoming increasingly demanded as fifth-generation (5G) technology is been deployed. This has necessitated the need to miniaturize all the various components of 5G enabling systems. It is a well-known fact that without the antenna, there is no wireless communication as it forms the link between the space and the wired network. Hence, the miniaturization of the antenna will contribute to the miniaturization of the entire wireless system. In this work, a miniature dual-band ultracompact antenna based on an opened-B-shaped (OBS) patch, a partial ground, and a ground protruding stub is presented. The antenna size is 0.14 × 0.07 λ o λ o @ 1.85 G H z . The proposed antenna is etched on a rogers (RT5880) substrate and fed with a 50 Ω asymmetric microstrip feedline. The proposed OBS antenna is fabricated and measured. In addition, the equivalent circuit of the proposed OBS antenna is designed and analyzed using AWR®. The antenna operates at a center frequency of 1.85 GHz and 5.89 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 10.41% and 36.29%, respectively, which means that the first and second bands are narrow and wide bands, respectively. Furthermore, the mean peak gain of the proposed OBS antenna at lower and upper bands are 4.1 dB and 3.95 dB, respectively. More so, the radiation pattern antenna shows a quasiomnidirectional at E-plane and omnidirectional at H-plane. There is a good agreement between simulated and measured results. Therefore, the proposed OBS antenna is a suitable candidate for future portable mobile devices.
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Bernal, Alexandra, Oihane Simón, Trevor Williams, Delia Muñoz, and Primitivo Caballero. "A Chrysodeixis chalcites Single-Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Population from the Canary Islands Is Genotypically Structured To Maximize Survival." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 24 (October 4, 2013): 7709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02409-13.
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ABSTRACTAChrysodeixis chalcitessingle-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus wild-type isolate from the Canary Islands, Spain, named ChchSNPV-TF1 (ChchTF1-wt), appears to have great potential as the basis for a biological insecticide for control of the pest. An improved understanding of the genotypic structure of this wild-type strain population should facilitate the selection of genotypes for inclusion in a bioinsecticidal product. Eight genetically distinct genotypes were clonedin vitro: ChchTF1-A to ChchTF1-H. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed that ChchTF1-A accounted for 36% of the genotypes in the wild-type population. In bioassays, ChchTF1-wt occlusion bodies (OBs) were significantly more pathogenic than any of the component single-genotype OBs, indicating that genotype interactions were likely responsible for the pathogenicity phenotype of wild-type OBs. However, the wild-type population was slower killing and produced higher OB yields than any of the single genotypes alone. These results strongly suggested that the ChchTF1-wt population is structured to maximize its transmission efficiency. Experimental OB mixtures and cooccluded genotype mixtures containing the most abundant and the rarest genotypes, at frequencies similar to those at which they were isolated, revealed a mutualistic interaction that restored the pathogenicity of OBs. In OB and cooccluded mixtures containing only the most abundant genotypes, ChchTF1-ABC, OB pathogenicity was even greater than that of wild-type OBs. The ChchTF1-ABC cooccluded mixture killed larvae 33 h faster than the wild-type population and remained genotypically and biologically stable throughout five successive passagesin vivo. In conclusion, the ChchTF1-ABC mixture shows great potential as the active ingredient of a bioinsecticide to controlC. chalcitesin the Canary Islands.
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KASAHARA, Junzo, Tadayasu MATSUBARA, Toshinori SATO, and Kimihiro MOCHIZUKI. "Development of high performance digital OBS/H (Ocean Bottom Seismometer and Hydrophone) MOOBS/H-24." Journal of the Marine Acoustics Society of Japan 24, no. 1 (1997): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3135/jmasj.24.39.
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Simón, Oihane, Trevor Williams, Aaron C. Asensio, Sarhay Ros, Andrea Gaya, Primitivo Caballero, and Robert D. Possee. "Sf29 Gene of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is a Viral Factor That Determines the Number of Virions in Occlusion Bodies." Journal of Virology 82, no. 16 (June 11, 2008): 7897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00099-08.
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ABSTRACT The genome of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was inserted into a bacmid (Sfbac) and used to produce a mutant lacking open reading frame 29 (Sf29null). Sf29null bacmid DNA was able to generate an infection in S. frugiperda. Approximately six times less DNA was present in occlusion bodies (OBs) produced by the Sf29null bacmid in comparison to viruses containing this gene. This reduction in DNA content was consistent with fewer virus particles being packaged within Sf29null bacmid OBs, as determined by fractionation of dissolved polyhedra and comparison of occlusion-derived virus (ODV) infectivity in cell culture. DNA from Sfbac, Sf29null, or Sf29null-repair, in which the gene deletion had been repaired, were equally infectious when used to transfect S. frugiperda. All three viruses produced similar numbers of OBs, although those from Sf29null were 10-fold less infectious than viruses with the gene. Insects infected with Sf29null bacmid died ∼24 h later than positive controls, consistent with the reduced virus particle content of Sf29null OBs. Transcripts from Sf29 were detected in infected insects 12 h prior to those from the polyhedrin gene. Homologs to Sf29 were present in other group II NPVs, and similar sequences were present in entomopoxviruses. Analysis of the Sf29 predicted protein sequence revealed signal peptide and transmembrane domains, but the presence of 12 potential N-glycosylation sites suggest that it is not an ODV envelope protein. Other motifs, including zinc-binding and threonine-rich regions, suggest degradation and adhesion functions. We conclude that Sf29 is a viral factor that determines the number of ODVs occluded in each OB.
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Young, S. Y. "Enhancement of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Activity in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) Larvae with a Fluorescent Brightener." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.2.162.
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The enhancement of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) activity by Tinopal® LPW (Tinopal), a stilbene fluorescent brightener, was compared in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) using an on-diet bioassay method. Enhancement of the homologous NPV of each species was compared with three heterologous NPV that have a broad host range. In H. zea, the LC50 of H. zea NPV (HzSNPV) alone was 128 occlusion bodies (OBs)/cup, and the LC50 of it and Heliothis armigera NPV (HaMNPV) did not differ significantly. The activity of both viruses improved 18.6 fold when the OB suspension contained 1.0% Tinopal. The LC50s of Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV) and Anagrapha falcifera NPV (AfMNPV) without Tinopal in H. zea were greater than that of HzSNPV. However, the increase in activity of AcMNPV and AfMNPV at the highest concentrations of Tinopal was two to three fold greater than the increase in activity of HzSNPV. The LC50 of P. includens NPV (PiSNPV) (856 OBs/cup) alone in P. includens was similar to that of AfMNPV and AcMNPV, and much less than that of HaMNPV (19,947 OBs/cup). The addition of Tinopal to the treatment suspension of all four viruses resulted in significantly lower LC50s at all Tinopal concentrations in P. includens. The highest concentration of Tinopal (1.0%) in the OB suspension lowered the LC50 of PiSNPV by 142.7 and AfMNPV by 89.7 fold. Tinopal in the OB suspension lowered the LC50 of AcMNPV and HaMNPV, but they remained less effective than PiSNPV with Tinopal. HaMNPV at all concentrations of Tinopal was much less active in P. includens than the other viruses with or without Tinopal.
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Ling, C. D., R. L. Withers, A. D. Rae, S. Schmid, and J. G. Thompson. "Antiferroelectric modulations in Sb2WO6 and Sb2MoO6." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768196003813.
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The structure of Sb2WO6 [Mr = 523.4, triclinic, F{\bar 1}, a = 11.132 (1), b = 9.896 (4), c = 18.482 (7) Å, α = 90.20 (4), β 96.87 (8), γ = 90.21 (5)°, Dx = 6.88 g cm−3, Z = 16, Mo Kα, λ = 0.7107 Å, μ = 338.5 cm−1, F(000) = 3536] has been refined as an enlarged 2a × 2b × 2c F-centred superstructure of the previously reported structure [Castro, Millan, Enjalbert, Snoeck & Galy (1994). Mat. Res. Bull. 29, 871–879] refined in the space group P1. The re-refinement follows the observation, initially by TEM, of satellite reflections at G± ½(111)*, where G represents a reflection of the P1 reciprocal lattice. A final value of 0.040 for R 1 = Σ h ||F obs(h)| − |F calc(h)||/Σ h ||F obs(h)| was obtained for 3316 merged reflections with I(h) > 3σ[I(h)], compared with R 1 = 0.12 for the previous refinement. The refined structure is described in terms of an antiferroelectric modulation of a P121/a1 underlying parent structure in the original setting. Twinning of the crystal was successfully modelled in the refinement. Synthesis of the previously unknown phase Sb2MoO6 [Mr = 435.5, triclinic, F{\bar 1}, a = 10.758 (1), b = 9.673 (2), c = 17.57 (1) Å, α = 90.00 (5), β = 96.98 (3), γ = 90.05 (2)°, Z = 16, Dx = 4.97 g cm−3] is also reported, along with evidence for its isostructuralism with Sb2WO6.
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Lapointe, Renee, Holly J. R. Popham, Ursula Straschil, David Goulding, David R. O'Reilly, and Julie A. Olszewski. "Characterization of Two Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Proteins, Ac145 and Ac150, Which Affect Oral Infectivity in a Host-Dependent Manner." Journal of Virology 78, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 6439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.12.6439-6448.2004.
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ABSTRACT The genome of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) contains two homologues, orf145 and orf150, of the Heliothis armigera Entomopoxvirus (HaEPV) 11,000-kDa gene. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the Ac145 or Ac150 protein were utilized to demonstrate that they are expressed from late to very late times of infection and are within the nuclei of infected Sf-21 cells. Transmission electron microscopy coupled with immunogold labeling of Ac145 found this protein within the nucleus in areas of nucleocapsid assembly and maturation, along with some association with the enveloped bundles of virions within the developing occlusion bodies (OBs). Ac150 was found to be mainly associated with enveloped bundles of virions within OBs and also with those not yet occluded. Both Ac145 and Ac150 were found to be present in budded virus as well as OBs. Both orf145 and orf150 were deleted from the AcMNPV genome, singly or together, and these deletion mutants were assessed for oral infectivity both in Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens larvae. Deletion of Ac145 led to a small but significant drop in infectivity (sixfold) compared to wild-type (wt) AcMNPV for T. ni but not for H. virescens. Deletion of Ac150 alone had no effect on infectivity of the virus for either host. However, deletion of both Ac145 and Ac150 gave a recombinant virus with a drastic (39-fold) reduction in infectivity compared to wt virus for H. virescens. Intrahemocoelic injection of budded virus from the double-deletion virus into H. virescens larvae is as infectious to this host as wt budded virus, indicating that Ac145 and Ac150 play a role in primary oral infection of AcMNPV, the extent of which is host dependent.
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Muraro, Dionei Schmidt, Thaini M. Gonçalves, Douglas Amado, Marcelo F. Lima, Holly J. R. Popham, Paula G. Marçon, and Celso Omoto. "Baseline Susceptibility and Cross-Resistance of HearNPV in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090820.
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The marked adoption of bioinsecticides in Brazilian agriculture in recent years is, at least partially, explained by the increasingly higher levels of insect pest resistance to synthetic insecticides. In particular, several baculovirus-based products have been registered in the last 5 years, including Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV: Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus (Armigen®)). Understanding the susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to HearNPV is an important step toward development of robust Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Insect Resistance Management programs (IRM) aimed at managing this serious insect pest. In this study, droplet feeding bioassays were used to characterize the baseline susceptibility to HearNPV (Armigen®) in H. armigera populations collected from major soybean and cotton-growing regions in Brazil. We defined and validated a diagnostic concentration for susceptibility monitoring of H. armigera populations to HearNPV. Additionally, cross-resistance between HearNPV and the insecticides flubendiamide and indoxacarb was evaluated by testing HearNPV in a susceptible strain and in resistant strains of H. armigera to these insecticides. A low interpopulation variation of H. armigera to HearNPV was detected. The LC50 values ranged from 1.5 × 105 to 1.1 × 106 occlusion bodies (OBs) per mL (7.3-fold variation). The mortality rate at the identified diagnostic concentration of 6.3 × 108 OBs/mL, based on the calculated LC99, ranged from 98.6 to 100% in populations of H. armigera collected from 2018 to 2020. No cross-resistance was detected between HearNPV and flubendiamide or indoxacarb. These results suggest that HearNPV (Armigen®) can be an effective tool in IPM and IRM programs to control H. armigera in Brazil.
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Itri, Simona, Marianna Gallo, Carlo Orefice, Isidoro Garella, Marica Di Domenico, Serena Vitali, Vitale Stanzione, Simonetta Grilli, Pietro Ferraro, and Roberto Nigro. "Oil Bodies Cream from Olive Paste: Extraction of a Functional Ingredient for Developing a Stable Food Emulsion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 6019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126019.
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Oil bodies (OBs) dispersed in an aqueous medium form a natural emulsion with high physical and microbiological stability. This work was focused on the development of a new protocol for extracting OBs from olive paste, through the extraction of an olive oil body cream (OOBC) with a yield of about 43% (wt/wt) in approximately 2 h. The proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture, lipids and proteins as well as the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, and the antioxidant powers were determined. The rheological and tribological performances of the OOBC were evaluated. Moreover, we measured a size distribution in the range of 0.7–1.7 m, by using a standard optical microscope. The results have demonstrated clearly that the OOBC extracted from the olive paste can be used as a functional and vegan ingredient in food emulsions.
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Thodsan, Thippawan, Falin Wu, Kritanai Torsri, Efren Martin Alban Cuestas, and Gongliu Yang. "Satellite Radiance Data Assimilation Using the WRF-3DVAR System for Tropical Storm Dianmu (2021) Forecasts." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060956.
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This study investigated the impact of the assimilation of satellite radiance observations in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR) that could improve the tracking and intensity forecasts of the Tropical Storm Dianmu in 2021, which occurred over parts of southeast mainland Asia. The weather research and forecasting (WRF) model was used to conduct the assimilation experiments of the storm. Four sets of numerical experiments were performed using the WRF. In the first, the control experiment, only conventional data in Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data (PREPBUFR) observations from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were assimilated. The second experiment (RDA1) was performed with PREPBUFR observations and satellite radiance data from the Advanced Microwave Unit-A (AMSU-A), and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). PREPBUFR observations and the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS-4) were used in the third experiment (RDA2). The fourth experiment (ALL-OBS) used the assimilation of PREPBUFR observations and all satellite radiance data (AMSU-A, ATMS, and HIRS-4). The community radiative transfer model was used on the forward operator for the satellite radiance assimilation, along with quality control and bias correction procedures, before assimilating the radiance data. To evaluate the impact of the assimilation experiments, a forecast starting on 00 UTC 23 September 2021, was produced for 72 h. The results showed that the ALL-OBS experiment improved the short-term forecast up to ~24 h lead time, as compared to the assimilation considering only PREPBUFR observations. When all observations were assimilated into the model, the storm’s landfall position, intensity, and structure were accurately predicted. In the deterministic forecast, the tracking errors of the ALL-OBS experiment was consistently less than 40 km within 24 h. The case study of Tropical Storm Dianmu exhibited the significant positive impact of all observations in the numerical model, which could improve updates for initial conditions and storm forecasting.
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Ebling, Peter M., Imre S. Otvos, and Nicholas Conder. "Comparative activity of three isolates of LdMNPV against two strains of Lymantria dispar." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 5 (October 2004): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n04-012.
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AbstractTwo newly identified geographic isolates of a nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV-H and LdMNPV-J) were evaluated against Disparvirus (LdMNPV-D), a baculovirus insecticide registered in Canada for the control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)). Profiles of HindIII and EcoRI restriction enzyme digests of viral DNA from the three viral isolates are presented. Viral isolates were bioassayed using an inoculated diet plug method to determine the dose- and time-responses of second-instar larvae of both the European and Asian strains of gypsy moth. LdMNPV-D was found to be the most virulent isolate when tested against the European strain of gypsy moth, yielding an LD50 and an LD95 (estimates of the doses required to kill 50% and 95% of the test larvae, respectively) of 95 and 774 occlusion bodies (OBs), respectively. LdMNPV-H was the most virulent isolate when tested against the Asian strain, yielding an LD50 and an LD95 of 648 and 8540 OBs, respectively. Time-response data indicate that the three isolates differ little with respect to their speed of kill (ST50; estimate of the length of time required to kill 50% of the test insects) of either larval strain. These results indicate that both new isolates (LdMNPV-H and LdMNPV-J) should be investigated further for control of the Asian strain of the gypsy moth but not pursued for control of the European strain.
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Pfeifle, Ryan W., Claudio Ricci, Peter G. Boorman, Marko Stalevski, Daniel Asmus, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Michael J. Koss, et al. "BASS. XXIII. A New Mid-infrared Diagnostic for Absorption in Active Galactic Nuclei." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 261, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac5b65.
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Abstract In this study, we use the Swift/BAT AGN sample, which has received extensive multiwavelength follow-up analysis as a result of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey, to develop a diagnostic for nuclear obscuration by examining the relationship between the line-of-sight column densities (N H), the 2–10 keV to 12 μm luminosity ratio, and WISE mid-infrared colors. We demonstrate that heavily obscured AGNs tend to exhibit both preferentially “redder” mid-infrared colors and lower values of L X,Obs./L 12 μm than less obscured AGNs, and we derive expressions relating N H to the L X,Obs./L 12 μm and L 22 μm/L 4.6 μm luminosity ratios, as well as develop diagnostic criteria using these ratios. Our diagnostic regions yield samples that are ≳80% complete and ≳60% pure for AGNs with log(N H/cm−2) ≥ 24, as well as ≳85% pure for AGNs with log ( N H / cm − 2 ) ≳ 23.5 . We find that these diagnostics cannot be used to differentiate between optically star-forming galaxies and active galaxies. Further, mid-IR contributions from host galaxies that dominate the observed 12 μm emission can lead to larger apparent X-ray deficits and redder mid-IR colors than the AGNs would intrinsically exhibit, though this effect helps to better separate less and more obscured AGNs. Finally, we test our diagnostics on two catalogs of AGNs and infrared galaxies, including the XMM-Newton XXL-N field, and we identify several known Compton-thick AGNs, as well as a handful of candidate heavily obscured AGNs based upon our proposed obscuration diagnostics.
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D'Alessandro, Antonino, Giuseppe D'Anna, Dario Luzio, and Giorgio Mangano. "The INGV's new OBS/H: Analysis of the signals recorded at the Marsili submarine volcano." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 183, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.008.
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Bandeo, A. S., J. A. Berdugo, G. A. Crudeli, P. Maldonado-Vargas, and J. L. Konrad. "9 Fixed timed artificial insemination during different seasons in Argentina (2016–2019)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab9.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates in buffaloes subjected to fixed-time AI (FTAI) during the year in Argentina. The data analysed was collected between 2016 to 2019 in a farm located in Paso Florentin City (27°20′33″ latitude and 58°08′27″ longitude) in Corrientes, Argentina. The animals were grazing native pastures (Andropogon lateralis, Paspalum almum). Ten fixed-time AI (FTAI) sessions were performed, 6 within the favourable season (BS, March–June) and 4 in the outbreeding season (OBS; September–December). Murrah and Mediterranean breed (n=141) buffaloes were used. All animals were healthy, without anatomical alterations and with normal reproductive tracts. Heifers (H), adult females with calf (AFC), and dry buffaloes (DB) were used. The average (±s.d.) weight of the animals were 459.0±37.5kg, 581.3±53.6kg, and 583.3±53.1kg, respectively. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) or a dominant follicle (≥8mm) at the beginning of the protocol was recorded. BS ovulation induction: Ovsynch (n=182); Day 0 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100μg, busereline acetate), Day 7 prostaglandin F2α (150μg, cloprostenol), Day 9 GnRH and FTAI 16h after the last GnRH injection. For the OBS (n=85): Day 0 intravaginal device (700mg of P4) + oestradiol benzoate (0.2g), Day 8 removal of the device + prostaglandin F2α + oestradiol cypionate (0.1g) + eCG (400IU) and Day 10 FTAI (52–56h) after device removal. Semen from 5 bulls of proven fertility was used, and the same technician performed all the inseminations. A specifically designed format to record the data were used and the average±s.d. of the physiological and the meteorological parameters were calculated. Pregnancy was detected 40 days after FTAI using ultrasonography. Comparison within variables were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test, with InfoStat-Statistical Software. A total of 267 inseminations were performed, and the overall pregnancy rate (PR) was 37.45% (100/267). Comparing BS with OBS, PR were 40.7% (74/182) and 30.6% (26/85) (P<0.005). Heifers had a higher PR (51.5%) than suckled buffaloes (38.8%) and dry buffaloes (20%) during the BS (P<0.05). In the OBS, there were no differences among categories on PR for [36.36 (4/11) H, 28.57 (12/42) AFC, 19.51 (8/41) DB; P>0.05]. The presence of a CL at the beginning of the FTAI protocol had a positive effect on PR during the year in all categories [31.79% (55/173) H, 40.42 (38/94) AFC, 21.51 (17/79) DB vs. 25.45% (28/110) H, 29.68 (19/64) AFC, 19.56 (9/46) DB; P<0.05]. Season had a significant effect over PR, but rain, temperature, daylight, and humidity did not differ during the year. These results show the feasibility of FTAI in water buffalo, confirm that it is possible to maintain the PR during the year, and demonstrate successful performance of protocol induction in cyclic females during the year. More research is needed to improve PR in buffaloes in Argentina, to explain the low results in suckled and dry adult buffaloes, and to analyse the effect of meteorological conditions over the breeding performance of the animals.
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Bandeo, A. S., J. A. Berdugo, G. A. Crudeli, P. Maldonado-Vargas, and J. L. Konrad. "9 Fixed timed artificial insemination during different seasons in Argentina (2016–2019)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab9.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates in buffaloes subjected to fixed-time AI (FTAI) during the year in Argentina. The data analysed was collected between 2016 to 2019 in a farm located in Paso Florentin City (27°20′33″ latitude and 58°08′27″ longitude) in Corrientes, Argentina. The animals were grazing native pastures (Andropogon lateralis, Paspalum almum). Ten fixed-time AI (FTAI) sessions were performed, 6 within the favourable season (BS, March–June) and 4 in the outbreeding season (OBS; September–December). Murrah and Mediterranean breed (n=141) buffaloes were used. All animals were healthy, without anatomical alterations and with normal reproductive tracts. Heifers (H), adult females with calf (AFC), and dry buffaloes (DB) were used. The average (±s.d.) weight of the animals were 459.0±37.5kg, 581.3±53.6kg, and 583.3±53.1kg, respectively. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) or a dominant follicle (≥8mm) at the beginning of the protocol was recorded. BS ovulation induction: Ovsynch (n=182); Day 0 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100μg, busereline acetate), Day 7 prostaglandin F2α (150μg, cloprostenol), Day 9 GnRH and FTAI 16h after the last GnRH injection. For the OBS (n=85): Day 0 intravaginal device (700mg of P4) + oestradiol benzoate (0.2g), Day 8 removal of the device + prostaglandin F2α + oestradiol cypionate (0.1g) + eCG (400IU) and Day 10 FTAI (52–56h) after device removal. Semen from 5 bulls of proven fertility was used, and the same technician performed all the inseminations. A specifically designed format to record the data were used and the average±s.d. of the physiological and the meteorological parameters were calculated. Pregnancy was detected 40 days after FTAI using ultrasonography. Comparison within variables were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test, with InfoStat-Statistical Software. A total of 267 inseminations were performed, and the overall pregnancy rate (PR) was 37.45% (100/267). Comparing BS with OBS, PR were 40.7% (74/182) and 30.6% (26/85) (P<0.005). Heifers had a higher PR (51.5%) than suckled buffaloes (38.8%) and dry buffaloes (20%) during the BS (P<0.05). In the OBS, there were no differences among categories on PR for [36.36 (4/11) H, 28.57 (12/42) AFC, 19.51 (8/41) DB; P>0.05]. The presence of a CL at the beginning of the FTAI protocol had a positive effect on PR during the year in all categories [31.79% (55/173) H, 40.42 (38/94) AFC, 21.51 (17/79) DB vs. 25.45% (28/110) H, 29.68 (19/64) AFC, 19.56 (9/46) DB; P<0.05]. Season had a significant effect over PR, but rain, temperature, daylight, and humidity did not differ during the year. These results show the feasibility of FTAI in water buffalo, confirm that it is possible to maintain the PR during the year, and demonstrate successful performance of protocol induction in cyclic females during the year. More research is needed to improve PR in buffaloes in Argentina, to explain the low results in suckled and dry adult buffaloes, and to analyse the effect of meteorological conditions over the breeding performance of the animals.
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Piazzi, Gaia, Cemal Tanis, Semih Kuter, Burak Simsek, Silvia Puca, Alexander Toniazzo, Matias Takala, Zuhal Akyürek, Simone Gabellani, and Ali Arslan. "Cross-Country Assessment of H-SAF Snow Products by Sentinel-2 Imagery Validated against In-Situ Observations and Webcam Photography." Geosciences 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030129.
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Information on snow properties is of critical relevance for a wide range of scientific studies and operational applications, mainly for hydrological purposes. However, the ground-based monitoring of snow dynamics is a challenging task, especially over complex topography and under harsh environmental conditions. Remote sensing is a powerful resource providing snow observations at a large scale. This study addresses the potential of using Sentinel-2 high-resolution imagery to assess moderate-resolution snow products, namely H10—Snow detection (SN-OBS-1) and H12—Effective snow cover (SN-OBS-3) supplied by the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF) project of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). With the aim of investigating the reliability of reference data, the consistency of Sentinel-2 observations is evaluated against both in-situ snow measurements and webcam digital imagery. The study area encompasses three different regions, located in Finland, the Italian Alps and Turkey, to comprehensively analyze the selected satellite products over both mountainous and flat areas having different snow seasonality. The results over the winter seasons 2016/17 and 2017/18 show a satisfying agreement between Sentinel-2 data and ground-based observations, both in terms of snow extent and fractional snow cover. H-SAF products prove to be consistent with the high-resolution imagery, especially over flat areas. Indeed, while vegetation only slightly affects the detection of snow cover, the complex topography more strongly impacts product performances.
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Astuti, Andri Desy, Jeffry Handhika, and Sulistyaning Kartikawati. "PERBEDAAN PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN EKSPERIMEN DAN DEMONSTRASI BERBANTUKAN PCB SEDERHANA DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA." JUPITER (JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO) 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/jupiter.v2i2.1793.
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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) adakah perbedaan pengaruh antara penggunaan metode pembelajaran eksperimen dan demontrasi berbantukan PCB sederhana terhadap hasil belajar siswa; 2) adakah perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas kategori tinggi dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar siswa melalui metode pembelajaran eksperimen dan demonstrasi berbantukan PCB sederhana ;3) adakah interaksi antara metode pembelajaran eksperimen, demonstrasi berbantukan PCB sederhana dan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa.</p><p>Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dua kelas, diambil menggunakan teknik <em>sample random sampling</em><em> </em>dengan kelas eksperimen pertama diajar dengan metode pembelajaran eksperimen dan kelas eksperimen kedua diajar dengan metode pembelajaran<em> </em>demonstrasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes dan metode dokumentasi untuk data kreativitas dan data hasil belajar Dasar dan Pengukuran Listrik siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji analisis variansi dua jalan sel tak sama dengan matriks 2x2 dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji <em>S</em><em>cheffe</em>.</p>Hasil uji hipotesis dengan taraf signifikansi (α) = 5% menunjukkan bahwa: 1) <em>F<sub>obs</sub> > </em>F<sub>α</sub> (4,004 > 4,02) maka <em>H</em><sub>0A</sub> ditolak, sehingga terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara penggunaan metode pembelajaran eksperimen dan demonstrasi berbantukan PCB Sederhana terhadap hasil belajar siswa; 2) <em>F<sub>obs</sub> > </em>F<sub>α</sub> (25,29514 > 12,0389) maka <em>H</em><sub>0A</sub> ditolak, sehingga terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas kategori tinggi dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar siswa melalui metode pembelajaran eksperimen dan demonstrasi berbantukan PCB Sederhana; 3) <em>F<sub>obs</sub> > </em>F<sub>α</sub> (0,2329 > 4,02) maka <em>H</em><sub>0B</sub> diterima, sehingga tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran eksperimen, demonstrasi berbantukan PCB Sederhana dan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
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Boneberg, Raphael, Anita Pardun, Lena Hannemann, Olaf Hildebrandt, Ulrich Koehler, Ralf Kinscherf, and Wulf Hildebrandt. "High Plasma Cystine Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure and Reversed by CPAP in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071387.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) independent of obesity (OBS) imposes severe cardiovascular risk. To what extent plasma cystine concentration (CySS), a novel pro-oxidative vascular risk factor, is increased in OSA with or without OBS is presently unknown. We therefore studied CySS together with the redox state and precursor amino acids of glutathione (GSH) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in untreated male patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) > 15 h−1, n = 28) compared to healthy male controls (n = 25) stratifying for BMI ≥ or < 30 kg m−2. Fifteen OSA patients were reassessed after 3–5-months CPAP. CySS correlated with cumulative time at an O2-saturation <90% (Tu90%) (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) beside BMI (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and was higher in subjects with “hypoxic stress” (59.4 ± 2.0 vs. 50.1 ± 2.7 µM, p < 0.01) defined as Tu90% ≥ 15.2 min (corresponding to AHI ≥ 15 h−1). Moreover, CySS significantly correlated with systolic (r = 0.32, p < 0.05) and diastolic (r = 0.31, p < 0.05) blood pressure. CPAP significantly lowered CySS along with blood pressure at unchanged BMI. Unexpectedly, GSH antioxidant capacity in PBMC was increased with OSA and reversed with CPAP. Plasma CySS levels are increased with OSA-related hypoxic stress and associated with higher blood pressure. CPAP decreases both CySS and blood pressure. The role of CySS in OSA-related vascular endpoints and their prevention by CPAP warrants further studies.
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Cabieces, Roberto, Mariano S. Arnaiz-Rodríguez, Antonio Villaseñor, Elizabeth Berg, Andrés Olivar-Castaño, Sergi Ventosa, and Ana M. G. Ferreira. "Upper-lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and receiver functions." Solid Earth 13, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1781-2022.
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Abstract. We use 1.5 years of continuous recordings from an amphibious seismic network deployment in the region of northeastern South America and the southeastern Caribbean to study the crustal and uppermost mantle structure through a joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion curves determined from ambient seismic noise and receiver functions. The availability of both ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) and land stations makes this experiment ideal to determine the best processing methods to extract reliable empirical Green's functions (EGFs) and construct a 3D shear velocity model. Results show EGFs with high signal-to-noise ratio for land–land, land–OBS and OBS–OBS paths from a variety of stacking methods. Using the EGF estimates, we measure phase and group velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh and Love waves. We complement these observations with receiver functions, which allow us to perform an H-k analysis to obtain Moho depth estimates across the study area. The measured dispersion curves and receiver functions are used in a Bayesian joint inversion to retrieve a series of 1D shear-wave velocity models, which are then interpolated to build a 3D model of the region. Our results display clear contrasts in the oceanic region across the border of the San Sebastian–El Pilar strike-slip fault system as well as a high-velocity region that corresponds well with the continental craton of southeastern Venezuela. We resolve known geological features in our new model, including the Espino Graben and the Guiana Shield provinces, and provide new information about their crustal structures. Furthermore, we image the difference in the crust beneath the Maturín and Guárico sub-basins.
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Roh, Hee-Jong, Seung-Chang Kim, Chang-Yeon Cho, Jinwook Lee, Dayeon Jeon, Dong-kyo Kim, Kwan-Woo Kim, et al. "Estimating genetic diversity and population structure of 22 chicken breeds in Asia using microsatellite markers." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0958.
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Objective: Estimating the genetic diversity and structures, both within and among chicken breeds, is critical for the identification and conservation of valuable genetic resources. In chickens, microsatellite (MS) marker polymorphisms have previously been widely used to evaluate these distinctions. Our objective was to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships among 22 chicken breeds in Asia based on allelic frequencies.Methods: We used 469 genomic DNA samples from 22 chicken breeds from eight Asian countries (South Korea, KNG, KNB, KNR, KNW, KNY, KNO; Laos, LYO, LCH, LBB, LOU; Indonesia, INK, INS, ING; Vietnam, VTN, VNH; Mongolia, MGN; Kyrgyzstan, KGPS; Nepal, NPS; Sri Lanka, SBC) and three imported breeds (RIR, Rhode Island Red; WLG, White Leghorn; CON, Cornish). Their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using 20 MS markers.Results: In total, 193 alleles were observed across all 20 MS markers, and the number of alleles ranged from 3 (MCW0103) to 20 (LEI0192) with a mean of 9.7 overall. The NPS breed had the highest expected heterozygosity (H<sub>exp</sub>, 0.718±0.027) and polymorphism information content (PIC, 0.663±0.030). Additionally, the observed heterozygosity (H<sub>obs</sub>) was highest in LCH (0.690±0.039), whereas WLG showed the lowest H<sub>exp</sub> (0.372±0.055), H<sub>obs</sub> (0.384±0.019), and PIC (0.325±0.049). Nei’s DA genetic distance was the closest between VTN and VNH (0.086), and farthest between KNG and MGN (0.503). Principal coordinate analysis showed similar results to the phylogenetic analysis, and three axes explained 56.2% of the variance (axis 1, 19.17%; 2, 18.92%; 3, 18.11%). STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the 22 chicken breeds should be divided into 20 clusters, based on the highest ΔK value (46.92).Conclusion: This study provides a basis for future genetic variation studies and the development of conservation strategies for 22 chicken breeds in Asia.
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Wang, Jiliang, Priyank Jaiswal, Seth S. Haines, Patrick E. Hart, and Shiguo Wu. "Gas hydrate quantification using full-waveform inversion of sparse ocean-bottom seismic data: A case study from Green Canyon Block 955, Gulf of Mexico." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): B167—B181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0414.1.
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We present a case study of gas hydrate quantification using dense short-offset multichannel seismic (MCS) and sparse long-offset ocean-bottom-seismometer (OBS) data in lease block Green Canyon 955 (GC955), Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where the presence of gas hydrate was interpreted using logging while drilling (LWD) data acquired by the GOM Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II expedition. We use frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) of seven OBS gathers to invert for a P-wave velocity model of an approximately 7 km long MCS profile connecting two LWD sites, GC955-H and GC955-Q. We build the starting model for FWI using traveltime inversion (TI) of the MCS and OBS data. In addition, we use the TI model for depth migrating the MCS stack. At the LWD sites, we constrain the hydrate saturation ([Formula: see text]) using sonic and resistivity logs. Unfortunately, as is typical of seismic quantification problems, the FWI model resolution is not sufficient to extrapolate the LWD-based [Formula: see text]. Therefore, we apply Backus averaging to the sonic log, at 60 m wavelength, bringing it within approximately 8% of the FWI model and make the assumption that averaging the sonic log is same as redistributing the gas hydrate within the Backus wavelength. In this manner, instead of [Formula: see text], the FWI model is able to estimate the total gas hydrate volume. In the end, we use the FWI model and the migrated stack to constrain the locations and bulk volumes of free gas and gas hydrate. Our results demonstrate that with careful processing, reasonable estimates on locations and bulk volumes of submarine gas hydrate accumulations can be achieved even with sparse seismic data that are not adequate for amplitude-based assessments.
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Carballo, R., C. Eiroa, and A. Mampaso. "Infrared observations of GGD objects." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 122 (1987): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900156190.
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We present accurate positions and near infrared photometry (Table I) of 11 point-like objects in the neighbourhood of GGD objects obtained on the 1.55 m and on the 1.23 m in Teide Obs. and Calar Alto Obs. respectively, in Spain. Several of the near infrared sources are directly associated with the GGD nebulae and/or are candidate for their excitation. In addition some of them seem to be the near infrared counterparts of IRAS sources. We believe, on the basis of their infrared excess, far infrared emission (IRAS), association with nebulosity, coincidence with H2O masers or the fact that in most cases the observed luminosities are higher than those expected for main sequence stars, that most of them (9/12) are young stars embedded in the dark clouds which contain the GGD objects. The loci of the detected sources in an (H-K,K-L) infrared two-colour diagram is the same as that obtained for known pre-main sequence stars, such as T Tauris and Herbig Ae-Be stars, indicating the presence of dust shells with temperatures in the range 800–1500 K. The observed range in luminosity, 10–4600 L⊙, added to other different characteristics found between them, such' as the presence, or absence, of H2O masers, indicates the interest for a detailed study of the infrared sources and related GGD nebulae.
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Hall, Timothy J., Carl N. Mutchler, Greg J. Bloy, Rachel N. Thessin, Stephanie K. Gaffney, and Jonathan J. Lareau. "Performance of Observation-Based Prediction Algorithms for Very Short-Range, Probabilistic Clear-Sky Condition Forecasting." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2529.1.
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Abstract Very short-range sky condition forecasts are produced to support a variety of military, civil, and commercial activities. In this investigation, six advanced, observation (obs)-based prediction algorithms were developed and tested that generated probabilistic sky condition forecasts for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-h forecast intervals, for local and regional target types, in six geographic regions within the continental United States. Three of the methods were based on predictive learning algorithms including neural network, random forest, and regression tree. The other three methods were statistical techniques including a k–nearest neighbor algorithm, a classifier based on the Bayes decision rule, and a multialgorithm ensemble. The performances of these six algorithms were compared with forecasts from three benchmark methods: basic persistence, the climatological-expectancy-of-persistence, and satellite cloud climatology. The obs database for each forecast target was composed of a multiyear, half-hourly time series of atmospheric parameters that included cloud features extracted from weather satellite imagery and meteorological variables extracted or derived from data assimilation–based model analyses generated by NCEP’s Eta Data Assimilation System. The performances of the advanced prediction algorithms exceeded those of the benchmarks at all five forecast intervals for both target types in all regions, on the basis of a group of metrics that included receiver operating characteristic score, sharpness, accuracy, expected best cost, and reliability.
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Ding, Shu, Lin Zhao, Yun Qi, and Qianqian Lv. "Synthesis of Ni/Fe Nanoparticles Utilizing PVP–SDS Bound Micelles as a Template to Remove PCB77." Nano 10, no. 03 (April 2015): 1550035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015500356.
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In the present study, Ni / Fe nanoparticles were synthesized using bound micelles as a template and 3, 3′, 4, 4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) as the target contaminant. The dual bound micelles, which are composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were found to be superior to single-component templates for the dispersion of metallic ions and thus directed the synthesis of Ni / Fe nanoparticles with improved properties. After characterization of the different nanoparticles, it was found that the sustained effectiveness of PVP–SDS bound micelles afforded specialized structures with two gradations of Ni / Fe nanoparticles, correlating to more active sites and higher activity. The improved activity of the Ni / Fe nanoparticles was finally exhibited by the higher ratio (99.3% in 72 h) and efficiency (k obs of 0.0674 h-1) of PCB77 removal. Herein, the utilization of PVP–SDS bound micelles is proposed as a template for the improvement of iron-based nanoparticles and correlated research.
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Chichester, Ben, Catherine Rychert, Nicholas Harmon, Robert Allen, Jenny Collier, Tim Henstock, and Andreas Rietbrock. "Seafloor sediment thickness beneath the VoiLA broad-band ocean-bottom seismometer deployment in the Lesser Antilles from P-to-S delay times." Geophysical Journal International 223, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 1758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa360.
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SUMMARY Broad-band ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) deployments present an opportunity to investigate the seafloor sediment thickness, which is important for constraining sediment deposition, and is also useful for subsequent seismological analyses. The Volatile Recycling in the Lesser Antilles (VoiLA) project deployed 34 OBSs over the island arc, fore- and backarc of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone for 15 months from 2016 to 2017. Using the amplitudes and delay times of P-to-S (Ps) scattered waves from the conversion of teleseismic earthquake Pwaves at the crust–sediment boundary and pre-existing relationships developed for Cascadia, we estimate sediment thickness beneath each OBS. The delay times of the Ps phases vary from 0.20 ± 0.06 to 3.55 ± 0.70 s, generally increasing from north to south. Using a single-sediment and single-crystalline crust earth model in each case, we satisfactorily model the observations of eight OBSs. At these stations we find sediment thicknesses range from 0.43 ± 0.45 to 5.49 ± 3.23 km. To match the observations of nine other OBSs, layered sediment and variable thickness crust is required in the earth model to account for wave interference effects on the observed arrivals. We perform an inversion with a two-layer sediment and a single-layer crystalline crust in these locations finding overall sediment thicknesses of 1.75 km (confidence region: 1.45–2.02 km) to 7.93 km (confidence region: 6.32–11.05 km), generally thinner than the initial estimates based on the pre-existing relationships. We find agreement between our modelled velocity structure and the velocity structure determined from the VoiLA active-source seismic refraction experiment at the three common locations. Using the Ps values and estimates from the VoiLA refraction experiment, we provide an adjusted relationship between delay time and sediment equations for the Lesser Antilles. Our new relationship is ${{H}} = {{1.42}}{{\rm d}}{{{t}}^{ {1.44}}}$ , where H is sediment thickness in kilometres and dt is mean observed Ps delay time in seconds, which may be of use in other subduction zone settings with thick seafloor sediments.
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Surma, Peter. "A BVRIJKHα Survey of 355 Nearby Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233676.
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A multiband CCD-survey of 355 UGC galaxies in our local cosmological neighbourhood is undertaken in collaboration with S.D.M. White (MPI-fAstrophysik Garching), S. McGaugh (IoA, Cambridge), M. Dennefeld (IAP Paris), H. Ferguson (STScI), M. Rieke, A. Grauer (Steward Obs. Arizona). Optical observations are obtained on Calar Alto (MPIA Heidelberg) and at La Palma (RGO) – with data 40% complete at the moment. The selection criterion is diameter 1.5′ < D25 < 2.5′. A database of local galaxy properties is being established (including total luminosities, mean SB, diameters, colours, colour gradients, D/B-ratios, present SFRs). Using theoretical evolution models we can predict the bona fide appearance of the galaxy population at any given redshift and thus provide a secure reference point to interpreting galaxies observed at intermediate and high z (e.g. faint galaxy counts).
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Katsuma, Susumu, Tsuguru Fujii, Shinpei Kawaoka, and Toru Shimada. "Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus SNF2 global transactivator homologue (Bm33) enhances viral pathogenicity in B. mori larvae." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 3039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.2008/004887-0.
Full textAbstract:
The SNF2 global transactivator gene homologue (Bm33) of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the genes exclusive to group I NPVs, but its function remains unknown. This study describes the characterization of Bm33. Transcriptional analysis suggested that Bm33 is an early gene, as its transcript was observed at 4 h post-infection in BmNPV-infected BmN cells. To examine the role of Bm33 during BmNPV infection, a Bm33 deletion mutant (BmORF33D) was constructed and its infectivity was characterized in BmN cells and B. mori larvae. BmORF33D did not have any obvious defects in the production of budded viruses (BVs) or occlusion bodies (OBs) in BmN cells compared with wild-type BmNPV. Larval bioassays revealed that deletion of Bm33 did not reduce virus infectivity. However, BmORF33D took approximately 10–15 h longer than wild-type BmNPV to kill B. mori larvae when tested by either BV injection or OB ingestion. These results suggest that Bm33 is not essential for virus growth in vitro or in vivo, but that it accelerates the time of death of B. mori larvae.
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Rinollo, A., G. Vulpiani, S. Puca, P. Pagliara, J. Kaňák, E. Lábó, L' Okon, et al. "Definition and impact of a quality index for radar-based reference measurements in the H-SAF precipitation product validation." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 10 (October 28, 2013): 2695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2695-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF) provides rainfall estimations based on infrared and microwave satellite sensors on board polar and geostationary satellites. The validation of these satellite estimations is performed by the H-SAF Precipitation Product Validation Group (PPVG). A common validation methodology has been defined inside the PPVG in order to make validation results from several institutes comparable and understandable. The validation of the PR-OBS-3 (blended infrared–microwave (IR–MW) instantaneous rainfall estimation) product using radar-based rainfall estimations as ground reference is described herein. A network of C-band and Ka-band radars throughout Europe ensures a wide area coverage with different orographic configurations and climatological regimes, but the definition of a quality control protocol for obtaining consistent ground precipitation fields across several countries is required. Among the hydro-meteorological community, the evaluation of the data quality is a quite consolidated practice, even though a unique definition of a common evaluation methodology between different countries and institutions has not been set up yet. Inside H-SAF, the first definition of the quality index of the radar rainfall observations has been introduced at the Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC). In the evaluation of the DPC quality index, several parameters are considered, some measured by the radar itself (static clutter map, range distance, radial velocity, texture of differential reflectivity, texture of co-polar correlation coefficient and texture of differential phase shift) and some obtained by external sources (digital elevation model, freezing layer height). In some cases, corrections were applied for clutter and beam blocking. The DPC quality index was calculated and applied to some relevant meteorological events reported by a radar test site in Italy. The precipitation field derived by radar data was compared with the PR-OBS-3 precipitation product, with varying thresholds of quality index: the impact of the introduction of the quality index defined on the statistical results of the satellite product validation as well as their sensitivity to the threshold choice were thus evaluated. Results show that PR-RMSE (a relative RMSE here introduced) is reduced from values between 2.5 and 3 to values around 1 when the quality threshold is increased from 0 (no threshold) to 0.8. Fractional standard error also decreases, from values around 2 to values around 1.5 in the same span of the quality threshold.
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Mikhailov, A., and K. Schlegel. "Self-consistent modelling of the daytime electron density profile in the ionospheric F region." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 3 (March 31, 1997): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0314-9.
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Abstract. A theoretical self-consistent method for the description of daytime Ne(h) profiles in the ionospheric F region measured by EISCAT is proposed. It is based on the use of a theoretical F-region model and measured electron density, Ne(h), electron, Te(h), and ion temperature, Ti(h), and field-aligned plasma drift Vl(h) profiles. The method describes the observed Ne(h) profile with high accuracy for quiet and disturbed conditions. Two versions of the method are considered: in the first the exospheric temperature Tex is derived from a procedure minimizing [log(Ne(h)obs / Ne(h)cal]2, in the second Tex is deduced from the ion energy conservation in the F region. The method allows us to infer from the incoherent-scatter observations: concentrations of atomic oxygen, [O], molecular oxygen, [O2], molecular nitrogen, [N2] the vertical plasma drift, W, the exospheric temperature. Tex, and the shape parameter S in the neutral temperature profile. The ratio ([O+]/Ne) calculated by the theoretical model is used to correct Te(h), Ti(h) and Ne(h) profiles routinely measured with EISCAT which are known to depend strongly on the actual applied ion-composition model. Such a correction is especially important for geomagnetically disturbed periods when the F region is strongly enriched with molecular ions. We conclude that four of the six thermospheric parameters, namely [O], [N2], W and Tex can be confidently inferred from the EISCAT observations, while the other two derived parameters, [O2] ans S are less reliable. The method can be used for the analysis of long-term (seasonal, solar cycle) as well as for day-to-day variations of the thermospheric parameters and the F-region ion composition using daytime incoherent-scatter observations.
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Luo, J., J. R. Ruble, B. M. Craven, and R. K. McMullan. "Effects of H/D substitution on thermal vibrations in piperazinium hexanoate-h11,d11." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768195011025.
Full textAbstract:
The crystal structures of piperazinium hexanoate-h11, {{1}\over{2}}C4H12N2+ 2.C6H11O− 2, and piperazinium hexanoate-d11, {{1}\over{2}}C4H12N2+ 2.C6D11O− 2, have been determined from neutron diffraction data collected at 15 K. Nuclear anisotropic displacement parameters have been analyzed to obtain the internal molecular displacements of the H and D nuclei, given by 〈 u 2 obs〉 − 〈 u 2 ext〉 where 〈 u 2 ext〉 is the contribution assuming all H/D to be carried rigidly on the vibrating molecular framework consisting of the heavier nuclei. In both crystal structures the cation ring is well fitted by the rigid-body model and the anion chain by a model with two rigid segments. In the piperazinium cations the corresponding protons in the two structures have about the same internal vibrational directions and magnitudes except for the two N—H protons, perhaps owing to differences in N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The internal vibrations of corresponding H/D in the h11 and d11 anions have approximately the same vibrational directions. The internal mean-square displacements of the H nuclei are systematically greater than the values of the corresponding D nuclei by an average factor 1.7 (3). For both anions, normal-mode analyses have been carried out using the force fields derived from ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations with HF/3-21 G and HF/6-31G** basis sets. The values of the resultant H/D internal displacements for C—H(D) bond stretching and methylene out-of-plane vibrations are in good agreement with experiment. However, with either basis set, theory predicts methylene in-plane mean-square displacements significantly greater than the experimental values.
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Albar, Hassan A., Ahmad S. Shawali, and Magda A. Abdaliah. "Substituent effects on azo coupling of indoles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-266.
Full textAbstract:
The kinetics of the azo coupling of eight para-substituted benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates 2a–h with indole and its 1-, 2-,and 3-methyl derivatives 1a–d, respectively, were studied in acetonitrile at 25 °C under pseudo-first-order conditions. The relation k1(obs) = k2[diazonium salt] was found applicable in all cases. The logarithms of the rate constants k2 for each reaction series were correlated by the Hammett equation. A plot of the values of the reaction constant, ρ, obtained against the acidity constants pKa of 1a–d gave a straight line: ρ = 2.97 – 0.15 pKa. These results indicate that the azo-coupling reactions of indoles 1a–d follow one general mechanism involving rate-limiting initial electrophilic attack at the 3-position for all four compounds, contrary to the previous conclusion of Jackson and Lynch that the final deprotonation step is rate limiting.
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Gyuris, E., and CJ Limpus. "The Loggerhead Turtle, Caretta-Caretta, in Queensland - Population Breeding Structure." Wildlife Research 15, no. 2 (1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880197.
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Population models proposed as a result of independent tagging programs of nesting Caretta caretta in Queensland are in disagreement about the size of discrete breeding units. An electrophoretic survey was conducted to assess the relevance of genetic variation as revealed by electrophoresis to the investigation of Caretta caretta population breeding structure. Low level electrophoretic variability (H*L(obs) = 0.016) was found. The geographical distribution of alleles, when compared with tag-recapture data and other aspects of life history, indicated that discrete breeding populations of C. caretta in Queensland are larger than previously thought. C. caretta nesting on the mainland beaches and on the cays of the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park form a panmictic population. The data indicate that those nesting on the Swain Reefs cays do not interbreed with the mainland-Capricornia breeding population.
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Gąszczak, Agnieszka, Grażyna Bartelmus, Izabela Greń, and Daniel Janecki. "Kinetics of Vinyl Acetate Biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens PCM 2123." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The microbial degradation of vinyl acetate (VA) by Pseudomonas fluorescens PCM 2123 strain was studied in both batch and continuous modes. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the kinetic model of the cell growth and biodegradation rate of vinyl acetate (VA), which was the sole carbon and energy source for tested microorganisms. The experiments, carried out in a batch reactor for several initial concentrations of growth substrate in the liquid phase ranging from 18.6 to 373 gsubstrate·m−3 (gs·m−3) made it possible to choose the kinetic model and to estimate its constants. The Haldane inhibitory model with the values of constants: μm = 0.1202 h−1, KS = 17.195 gs·m−3, Ki = 166.88 gs·m−3 predicted the experimental data with the best accuracy. To set the parameters of maintenance metabolism it was necessary to carry out a series of continuous cultures at different dilution rates (0.05 to 0.072 h−1) and concentrations of VA in the liquid supplied to the chemostat ranging from 30.9 to 123.6 gs·m−3. The obtained data-base enabled to determine the coefficient for maintenance metabolism (me = 0.0251 gsubstrate gcell dry weight−1·h−1 (gs·gcdw−1·h−1)) as well as the maximal and observed values of yield coefficients, Yxs M = 0.463 gcdw·gs−1 and (Yxs)obs = 0.411 gcdw·gs−1, respectively. The developed kinetics was verified by comparison of the computed and obtained in batch experiments profiles of changes in biomass and growth substrate concentrations.
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Andersen, Simone T., Beth S. Nelson, Katie A. Read, Shalini Punjabi, Luis Neves, Matthew J. Rowlinson, James Hopkins, et al. "Fundamental oxidation processes in the remote marine atmosphere investigated using the NO–NO2–O3 photostationary state." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 15747–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15747-2022.
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Abstract. The photostationary state (PSS) equilibrium between NO and NO2 is reached within minutes in the atmosphere and can be described by the PSS parameter, φ. Deviations from expected values of φ have previously been used to infer missing oxidants in diverse locations, from highly polluted regions to the extremely clean conditions observed in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL), and have been interpreted as missing understanding of fundamental photochemistry. Here, contrary to these previous observations, we observe good agreement between PSS-derived NO2 ([NO2]PSS ext.), calculated from measured NO, O3, and jNO2 and photochemical box model predictions of peroxy radicals (RO2 and HO2), and observed NO2 ([NO2]Obs.) in extremely clean air containing low levels of CO (<90 ppbV) and VOCs (volatile organic compounds). However, in clean air containing small amounts of aged pollution (CO > 100 ppbV), we observed higher levels of NO2 than inferred from the PSS, with [NO2]Obs. / [NO2]PSS ext. of 1.12–1.68 (25th–75th percentile), implying underestimation of RO2 radicals by 18.5–104 pptV. Potential NO2 measurement artefacts have to be carefully considered when comparing PSS-derived NO2 to observed NO2, but we show that the NO2 artefact required to explain the deviation would have to be ∼ 4 times greater than the maximum calculated from known interferences. If the additional RO2 radicals inferred from the PSS convert NO to NO2 with a reaction rate equivalent to that of methyl peroxy radicals (CH3O2), then the calculated net ozone production rate (NOPR, ppbV h−1) including these additional oxidants is similar to the average change in O3 observed, within estimated uncertainties, once halogen oxide chemistry is accounted for. This implies that such additional peroxy radicals cannot be excluded as a missing oxidant in clean marine air containing aged pollution and that modelled RO2 concentrations are significantly underestimated under these conditions.
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Ashraf, Humaira, Mehreen Yousaf Rana, Afra Rehman, and Anila Mahmood. "Frequency of Neonatal Hypoglycemia Among Women Diagnosed with Maternal Hyperglycemia." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561685.
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Objective: To determine frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia, in maternal hyperglycemia Subject and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Pathology with collaboration of gynae and OBS department of PNS SHIFA Karachi. Study duration was six months from March 2015 to August 2015. All pregnant women who reported at antenatal clinics of PNS SHIFA Hospital and diagnosed as the cases of hyperglycinemia were included in the study. Maternal blood glucose testing was done according to WHO guidelines i.e. fasting sample, ingestion of 75 g glucose, 01 h and 02 h sample for plasma glucose estimation. Neonatal blood glucose was checked immediately after birth by glucometer. All the data was collected via study proforma. Results: A total of 157 pregnant women were studied their average age was 28.20±4.67 years. Caesarean section was done in 62.4% cases and 58.6% babies were males. Neonatal hypoglycemia was observed among 24.8% of the cases. Neonatal hypoglycemia was statistically significant according to gestational age (p- 0.012), while statistically insignificant according to parity (p-0.184). Conclusion: As per study conclusion, the neonatal hypoglycemia was observed to be highly prevalent among neonates of diabetic mothers as 24.8%. It was found to be statistically significant according to gestational age. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Neonates, Hypoglycemia
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Toprak, Umut, Stephanie Harris, Douglas Baldwin, David Theilmann, Cedric Gillott, Dwayne D. Hegedus, and Martin A. Erlandson. "Role of enhancin in Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence: selective degradation of host peritrophic matrix proteins." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.038117-0.
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To infect per os, baculovirus virions cross the peritrophic matrix (PM) to reach the midgut epithelium. Insect intestinal mucins (IIMs) are PM proteins that protect the PM and aid passage of the food bolus through the gut. Some baculoviruses, including Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV-A), encode metalloproteases, known as enhancins, that facilitate infection by degrading IIMs. We examined the interaction between MacoNPV-A enhancin and M. configurata IIMs both in vivo and in vitro. Per os inoculation of M. configurata larvae with MacoNPV-A occlusion bodies (OBs) resulted in the degradation of McIIM4 within 4 h of OB ingestion, while McIIM2 was unaffected. The PM recovered by 8 h post-inoculation. To investigate whether enhancin was responsible for the degradation of IIM, a recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing MacoNPV enhancin (AcMNPV-enMP2) was constructed. Enhancin was found to be a component of occlusion-derived virions in AcMNPV-enMP2 and MacoNPV-A. In in vitro assays, McIIM4 was degraded after MacoNPV-A and AcMNPV-enMP2 treatments. Degradation of McIIM4 was inhibited by EDTA, a metalloprotease inhibitor, indicating that the degradation was due to enhancin activity. Thus, MacoNPV-A enhancin is able to degrade major structural PM proteins, but exhibits target substrate specificity.
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Rosalia, Ayuni Dita, Patiha Patiha, and Eddy Heraldy. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REACTION WITH IODIDE IN ACID CONDITION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.1.109.72-80.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This research aimed to find out I<sup>-</sup> reaction order in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide reaction with iodide in acid condition, to find out the form of rate law, and to show the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction. The experiment for determining reaction order was carried out with isolation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The order reaction was obtained from the <em>r</em> value approaching one, the results of its linear regression. The form of rate law was viewed from the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Meanwhile the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction was determined by observing the pH value in 60 minutes.</p><p>The result of experiment shows that the mechanism of reaction has rate law in the form of fraction, in which I<sup>-</sup> could be in zero and first orders. In addition, the rate law in this experimental condition is not an addition in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> and relatively equal <em>k</em><sub>obs</sub> value in the same order. The role of H<sup>+ </sup>is observed not as catalyst, but reactant.</p>
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Rosalia, Ayuni Dita, Patiha Patiha, and Eddy Heraldy. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REACTION WITH IODIDE IN ACID CONDITION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i1.109.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This research aimed to find out I<sup>-</sup> reaction order in the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide reaction with iodide in acid condition, to find out the form of rate law, and to show the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction. The experiment for determining reaction order was carried out with isolation method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The order reaction was obtained from the <em>r</em> value approaching one, the results of its linear regression. The form of rate law was viewed from the presence or absence of oxygen gas. Meanwhile the role of H<sup>+</sup> in reaction was determined by observing the pH value in 60 minutes.</p><p>The result of experiment shows that the mechanism of reaction has rate law in the form of fraction, in which I<sup>-</sup> could be in zero and first orders. In addition, the rate law in this experimental condition is not an addition in the absence of O<sub>2</sub> and relatively equal <em>k</em><sub>obs</sub> value in the same order. The role of H<sup>+ </sup>is observed not as catalyst, but reactant.</p>
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Ladetto, Marco, Simone Ferrero, Andrea Evangelista, Michael Mian, Alice Di Rocco, Angela Coggi, Giuseppe Rossi, et al. "Lenalidomide Maintenance after Autologous Transplantation Prolongs PFS in Young MCL Patients: Results of the Randomized Phase III MCL 0208 Trial from Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110289.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background. Ara-c based chemo-immunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the most effective approach in young mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients, though few if any patients are cured. Recent data indicate that subsequent Rituximab maintenance (RM) prolongs PFS and OS (Le Gouill NEJM 2017). Lenalidomide is an oral agent effective in MCL, considered suitable for prolonged maintenance programs, but has never been tested in this setting. The FIL MCL0208 trial (NCT02354313) is a prospective, international randomized, phase III trial, comparing Lenalidomide maintenance (LM) vs observation (OBS) after an intensive Ara-c containing chemo-immunotherapy (R-HDS) program, followed by ASCT in previously untreated MCL patients. Patients and Methods. Adult patients aged 18-65 years, with advanced stage MCL without clinically significant comorbidities were enrolled. Patients received 3 R-CHOP-21, followed by R-HDS i.e. R-high-dose Cyclophosphamide (R-HD-CTX) (4g/m2), 2 cycles of R-high-dose Ara-C (R-HDAC) (2g/m2 q12x3 d). CD34+ cells were collected after the first course of R-HDAC. The conditioning regimen for ASCT was BEAM. After ASCT, responding patients were randomized between LM (15 mg days 1-21 every 28 days) for 24 months or observation. Primary endpoint analysis was scheduled at the occurrence of the 60th PFS event in the randomized population, which occurred on June 20th, 2017 and data were analyzed for the present abstract on March 3rd 2018. Results. Three-hundred three patients were enrolled from May 2008 to August 2015 by 48 Italian and 1 Portuguese Center. Three patients were excluded after central histological review. Median age was 57 years (IQR 51-62), M/F ratio 3.6/1. Ninety-two percent of patients had stage IV, 33% bulky disease (>5 cm), 33% elevated LDH, and 75% BM infiltration. Ki67 ≥30% was observed in 32%, MIPI was low (L) in 54%, intermediate in 31% and high (H) in 15% of patients. MIPI-c was L in 49%, low-intermediate (LI) in 29%, high-intermediate (HI) in 14%, H in 9%. Nine percent had blastoid variant. Fifty-two (17%) patients interrupted treatment before randomization (8 toxic deaths, 1 death for car accident, 24 progressions and 19 toxicity/refusals). On an ITT basis, the R-HDS + ASCT program induced 78% of CR, 7% of PRs, 10% of PD, 3% of toxic deaths (TRM) and 2% NA. Median follow-up (mFU) from inclusion was 51 months. Three years PFS and OS for the enrolled population were 67% and 84%, respectively. Of 248 patients who received ASCT, 205 were randomized either to LM (n=104) or OBS (n=101) and 43 (17%) were not because of: lack of response (8), refusal/PI decision/delay (8), unresolved infections (3) and inadequate hematopoietic recovery (24). Feasibility and efficacy were assessed on an ITT basis while toxicity was analyzed on subjects receiving at least one Lenalidomide dose. In the LM arm, 53 out of 104 patients did not start or complete the planned maintenance because of death (2), AE (26), PD (7), still ongoing (2), other causes (16). In the OBS arm 32 patients did not complete the observation phase because of death (1), AE (1), PD (20), still ongoing (10), other causes (1). Overall 28% of patients received less than 25% of the planned Lenalidomide dose. Despite suboptimal exposure to study drug, with a mFU from randomization of 35 months, 22 PFS events were recorded in the LM cohort vs 38 in the OBS arm, resulting in a 3y-PFS of 80% (95% CI; 70%-87%) in the LM arm vs. 64% in the OBS arm (95% CI; 53%-73%), stratified HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.30-0.87; p=0.013 (Fig 1A). OS was superimposable in the two arms: 93% vs 86%, stratified HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.44-2.11, p= 0.91 (Fig1B). Two deaths were observed in the LM arm due to pneumonia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and one in the OBS arm due to pneumonia. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicity was seen in 63% of patients in LM vs 11% in the OBS arm with 59% vs 10% of patients experiencing granulocytopenia. Non-hematological grade 3 toxicity was comparable in the two arms except grade 3-4 infections (11% vs. 4%; Fisher's p=0.10). Second cancers occurred in 7 patients in the LM and 3 in the OBS arm (Fisher's p=0.20). Conclusions. Results from the MCL0208 trial indicate that LM has a clinically meaningful anti-lymphoma activity in MCL. However, the applicability of LM has some limitations in the context of patients undergoing intensified chemoimmunotherapy. Overall these data support the use of a maintenance regimen after ASCT in young MCL patients. Disclosures Ladetto: Roche: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Acerta: Honoraria; Jannsen: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria. Di Rocco:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rossi:Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel expenses; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel expenses; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Travel expenses; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Alexion: Other: Travel expenses. Chiappella:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Roche: Other: lecture fees; Teva: Other: lecture fees; Nanostring: Other: lecture fees; Amgen: Other: lecture fees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees. Rusconi:Celgene: Research Funding. Gomes da Silva:Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees, Institution's payment for consultancy, Travelling support; Celgene: Other: Travelling support; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Roche: Other: Institution's payment for consultancy, Travelling support; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees, Research Funding. Vitolo:Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau. Martelli:Sandoz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffman-La Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Mundipharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Valizadeh, Bita, Samira Samarfard, Jalal Jalali Sendi, and Thomas P. Karbanowicz. "Developing an Ephestia kuehniella Hemocyte Cell Line to Assess the Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Microencapsulated Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Cotton Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larva." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (July 28, 2020): 2086–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa148.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) (genus: Alphabaculovirus, incertae sedis: Baculoviridae) has been used to control Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). A reproducible and susceptible cell line was prepared from the hemocytes of Ephestia kuehniella in Grace and Ex-Cell 420 media. The population doubling time of these cloned cell cultures during the logarithmic phase were about 2.3 and 3.7 d for Ex-Cell 420 and Grace’s media, respectively. When 60% confluence occurred, cells were infected by viral inoculums. All biochemical compounds were significantly changed relevant to cellular metabolism due to HearNPV infection. In order to improve its stability, two polymer formulations were used, i.e., formulation A (sodium alginate, gelatin, starch, and molasses) and formulation B (cottonseed kernel extract, Bran, glycerol, boric acid, egg white, and sugar). Formulant A provided high photostability by exhibiting 83.2 ± 3% efficacy and 88.66 ± 2.1% original activities remaining after 72 h UV exposure. Percentage original activity remaining of unformulated HearNPV and formulated mixture of B was 38.66 ± 2.6% and 9.33 ± 1.3%, respectively, after 72 h UV-irradiation. The virulence of the HearNPV proliferated from the Ex-Cell medium was similar to the virulence of wild-type HearNPV with LC50 of 7.7×105 OBs/ml. Formulant A, revealed only 20.0 ± 1% reduction in efficacy while the unformulated virus and formulant B faced a reduction of 90.0 ± 3% and 64.0 ± 2% after 72 h of UVA irradiation. Formulant A thus showed a high potential to protect HearNPVs microparticles against UV-inactivation suggesting a new platform for more efficient biological-management of cotton bollworm (specific name Helicoverpa armigera, genus: Helicoverpa, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in vivo.
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Liu, Yunlong, Chunhui Tao, Cai Liu, Lei Qiu, Vera Schlindwein, Haijiang Zhang, You Tian, and Hanchuang Wang. "Seismic activity recorded by a single OBS/H near the active Longqi hydrothermal vent at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (49°39′ E)." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 37, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2017.1420114.
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Cuartas-Otálora, Paola E., Juliana A. Gómez-Valderrama, Andrea E. Ramos, Gloria P. Barrera-Cubillos, and Laura F. Villamizar-Rivero. "Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus Mixtures to Control the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Viruses 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11080684.
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The ability of the isolate VG008 of S. frugiperda granulovirus (SpfrGV) to enhance the infectivity of the isolate SfCOL of S. frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrMNPV) was evaluated on S. frugiperda larvae. Bioassays were performed with mixtures by using different proportions 90%:10% (M1), 95%:5% (M2) and 97.5%:2.5% (M3) of SfCOL:VG008, respectively. All mixtures showed higher insecticidal activity that SfCOL. The mixture M3 showed the highest enhancement of SfCOL reducing 11.40 times the Mean Lethal Concentration and 96 h in the Mean Time to Death. The enhancer activity of proteins derived from VG008 (GVPs) were also evaluated in mixture with SfCOL. The GVPs increased 27% larval mortality caused by SfCOL and damaged the peritrophic membrane of S. litura larvae, suggesting that the key point in this enhancing activity is the initial step of the larva colonization, the midgut infection. M3 was formulated and evaluated under greenhouse conditions in maize plants using different doses. The highest efficacy was obtained with the highest dose of M3 (8 × 1011 OBs/ha), which was similar to that found when formulated SfCOL was applied using an approximately twofold higher dose. The viral mixture M3 was selected as the active ingredient for developing a new biopesticide for a more efficient management of the pest in the field.
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Zhang, Xinyi, Tao Cai, Yan Li, and Tao Wu. "Determining the Age for the Red Giants KIC 9145955 and KIC 9970396 by Gravity-dominated Mixed Modes." Astrophysical Journal 931, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac695b.
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Abstract Determining the ages and helium core sizes of red giants is a challenging problem. To estimate the age and helium core size precisely requires a good understanding of the internal structure of the red giant. The properties of the g-dominated mixed modes of red giants are closely related to their inner radiative cores, especially the central helium core. Thus, the g-dominated mixed modes are useful indicators for probing the properties of the helium core and constraining the age of red giants. In our previous work, we have estimated the helium core sizes of the red giants KIC 9145955 and KIC 9970396 by asteroseismic models. In this work, we take a further step to calibrate the ages and core overshooting parameters for these two red giants. We find that the ages of these two stars are 4.61 ± 0.23 and 6.13 ± 0.19 Gyr, respectively. From a comparative study, we find that, for a single red giant, the age estimated by the asteroseismology of g-dominated mixed modes is likely to be more precise than that estimated by the combination of the asteroseismic (Δν and ΔP obs) and spectroscopic (T eff and [Fe/H]) observations. In addition, we estimate the core overshooting parameters of these two stars. We find that the overshooting parameter f ov of KIC 9145955 and KIC 9970396 was probably overestimated in previous works.
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Ju, Qian, Ming-jing Qu, Ying Wang, Xiao-jing Jiang, Xiao Li, Shuang-lin Dong, and Zhao-jun Han. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela." Genome 55, no. 7 (July 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-042.
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The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, is an economically important pest worldwide. Odorant-based lures and traps are being developed as a key kind of alternative control measures for this pest, and studies to reveal the mechanisms for chemotaxis in this pest are necessary. Two full-length cDNAs encoding different odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were cloned. The predicted proteins were found to have the functional domains characteristic of typical OBPs and share a high degree of sequence similarity with OBP1 and OBP2 from other insects and were therefore designated as H. parallela OBP-1 and H. parallela OBP-2 (HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2, respectively). These two OBPs were specifically expressed in antennae. The binding affinity of two purified proteins indicated that HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2 could selectively interact with various volatiles emitted from host plants and pheromone components. Among the 10 chemicals tested, HparOBP-1 could bind to six of the tested compounds with a dissociation concentration (Ki) less than 20, and HparOBP-2 could bind to three of the compounds. The two OBPs are probably involved in chemotaxis of the dark black chafer. This discovery should accelerate research on chemical communications of this pest, which could potentially lead to the improvement of control measures based on lures and traps.
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Katsuma, Susumu, Kazuei Mita, and Toru Shimada. "ERK- and JNK-Dependent Signaling Pathways Contribute to Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection." Journal of Virology 81, no. 24 (October 3, 2007): 13700–13709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01683-07.
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ABSTRACT Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) often play important roles in virus infection. To explore intracellular signaling pathways induced by baculovirus infection, we examined the involvement of MAPKs in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection of BmN cells. We found that specific inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) significantly reduced occlusion body (OB) formation and budded virus (BV) production. Next, we quantified OB and BV production after applying the inhibitors at different times postinfection (p.i.). The inhibitors significantly reduced OB and BV production to various extents when applied at 12 h p.i., indicating that the reduction of BmNPV infectivity by these inhibitors occurs at the late stage of infection. Also, we observed that these inhibitors markedly repressed or deregulated the expression of delayed early, late, and very late gene products. Western blot analysis using phospho-MAPK-specific antibodies showed that ERK and JNK were activated at the late stage of BmNPV infection. In addition, the magnitude and pattern of MAPK activation were dependent on the multiplicity of infection. To verify the effects of the inhibitors on BmNPV infection, we also attempted to knock down the B. mori genes BmErk and BmJnk, which encode ERK and JNK, respectively. Knockdown of BmErk and BmJnk resulted in the reduced production of OBs and BVs, confirming that BmERK and BmJNK are involved in the BmNPV infection process. Taken together, these results indicate that the activation of MAPK signaling pathways is required for efficient infection by BmNPV.