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1
Rihani, Karen. "Role of odorant-binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster chemosensory perception." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK044.
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La perception des signaux chimiques de l’environnement est un processus nécessaire aux interactions sociales entre les animaux. La Drosophile détecte les molécules odorantes et sapides grâce à ses systèmes gustatif et olfactif impliquant plusieurs familles multigèniques de chimiorécepteurs. Ainsi, ces composés chimiques pénétrant dans l'organe sensoriel (sensille) doivent être solubilisés avant d'être transportés à travers la lymphe sensillaire hydrophile baignant les dendrites des neurones chimiosensoriels. Ces événements périrecepteurs font intervenir plusieurs familles de protéines solubles parmi lesquelles se trouvent les odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Si les OBPs ont été initialement identifiées dans les sensilles olfactives, certaines sont également exprimées dans les sensilles gustatives. La fonction physiologique des OBPs est encore peu connue mais certaines études révèlent que ces protéines agissent comme transporteurs de molécules lipophiles. Les affinités relativement faibles des OBPs pour les odorants ainsi que leur abondance dans la lymphe sensillaire suggèrent que ces protéines peuvent se lier, solubiliser et transporter des molécules hydrophobes jusqu’aux chimiorécepteurs en traversant la lymphe sensillaire hydrophile. De nouveaux rôles ont été attribués aux OBPs, et en particulier leur capacité à «tamponner» des changements soudains de concentrations d'odorants et leur implication dans la détection de l’humidité. Récemment, l’OBP49a exprimée dans les sensilles gustatives, a été montrée comme étant impliquée dans la détection de certains composés amers. Comme le rôle pérircepteur des OBPs reste encore très peu compris, l'objectif de mon projet de thèse a consisté à clarifier l'implication de certaines OBPs dans l'odorat et le goût chez Drosophila melanogaster. Ma thèse a d’abord consisté à mesurer le rôle des OBPs dans la perception des composés alimentaires chez les adultes D. melanogaster. Les OBPs exprimées dans les appendices gustatifs ont été identifiées par q-PCR et produites en utilisant un système d'expression hétérologue, la levure. Les propriétés de liaison des OBPs recombinantes purifiées ont ensuite été testées pour leur capacité à lier de nombreux ligands potentiels. L’OBP19b est capable de lier certains acides aminés. La cartographie des sensilles et des cellules exprimant l’OBP19b révèle que cette protéine est uniquement exprimée dans certaines cellules accessoires de sensilles précises du labellum. L’OBP19b a été aussi localisée dans le tube digestif et dans certains organes reproducteurs. La comparaison des réponses comportementales et électrophysiologiques sensillaires des mouches témoins et des mouches transgéniques a confirmé que l’OBP19b est impliquée dans la détection de certains acides aminés. De plus, la comparaison des séquences protéique a révélé sa relativement haute conservation au sein des espèces de Drosophilidae et même entre Diptères, ce qui suggère qu’elle joue un rôle crucial vis-à-vis de la recherche de nutriments chez ce groupe d’espèces. J’ai ensuite étudié le rôle de l’OBP28a dans l’olfaction. Cette OBP, l’une des plus abondante dans les antennes de Drosophile, a été montrée importante pour tamponner les variations soudaines de concentrations d'odorants. Des études structurales, génétiques, biochimiques, comportementales et électrophysiologiques ont été réalisées en collaboration avec les membres de l’équipe. L’OBP28a a d'abord été exprimée puis purifiée et sa structure 3D a été résolue. L'étude de ses propriétés de liaison a révélé la capacité de l'OBP28a à se lier à des composés floraux tels que la β-ionone. Les mesures comportementales et électrophysiologiques ont confirmé son rôle physiologique dans la détection de la β-ionone. En conclusion, ma thèse de doctorat met en évidence les rôles nouveaux de deux OBPs dans la chimioréception: l’OBP28a est impliquée dans le détection de molécules florales alors que l’OBP19b est nécessaire pour détecter certains acides aminésChemoperception is used by animals to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic compounds. It also allows animals to identify suitable ecological niche and mating partners. Like many other insects, Drosophila melanogaster possesses a very sensitive chemosensory ability and can detect and discriminate a wide panel of semiochemicals. Chemosensory detection is mostly mediated by olfactory and gustatory systems involving several multigene chemoreceptor families. Volatile and non-volatile chemical compounds entering the sensory organ (sensillum) must be solubilized before being transported through the hydrophilic sensillum lymph bathing the dendrites of chemosensory neurons. These perireceptor events involve a family of soluble proteins named odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Despite the fact that OBPs were initially found in olfactory sensilla, some OBPs are also expressed in gustatory sensilla. While their physiological roles in olfaction and gustation remain unclear, many studies suggest that OBPs transport lipophilic chemicals. The relatively low affinity of OBPs for odorants and their high abundance in the sensillum lymph both suggest that OBPs can bind, solubilize and transport hydrophobic stimuli to the chemoreceptors across the aqueous sensilla lymph. In addition to this broadly accepted “transporter role” hypothesis, OBPs have also been proposed to buffer sudden changes in odorant levels and to be involved in hygroreception. The role of OBP49a was recently shown in taste: this OBP, expressed in the gustatory system, is required to detect some bitter compounds. However, the role of OBPs in perireceptor events remains largely unknown. The main goal of my thesis project consisted to investigate the involvement of OBPs in the smell and taste sensory modalities using a multi-faceted approach in Drosophila melanogaster.My first research axis consisted to better understand the role of OBPs in the perception of food compounds by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches of OBPs expressed in the gustatory appendages of D. melanogaster adults. After identifying by q-PCR the OBPs expressed in gustatory appendages, we produced them using a heterologous yeast expression system. Then, the binding properties of the recombinant purified OBP were investigated. Our binding assay screen revealed that the taste-expressed OBP19b is able to bind some amino acids. The expression of OBP19b was mapped in specific accessory cells in a subset of proboscis sensilla. This OBP was also expressed in the digestive tract and in some internal reproductive organs. The comparison of behavioural and single-taste sensilla responses between transgenic variants and control flies supported our finding that OBP19b is indeed involved in the detection of some amino acids. Finally, the comparison between various dipteran insects of the OBP19b-like protein coding sequence indicates the relatively high conservation of this protein suggesting its critical role in food search.The second research axis of my PhD thesis focused on the olfactory role of OBP28a. OBP28a was previously shown to be highly expressed in the Drosophila antennae and proposed to buffer quantitative odour variations. To better understand the physiological role of this OBP, and in collaboration with different members of the team, we used structural, genetic, biochemical, behavioural and electrophysiological methods to better understand the role of this OBP. OBP28a was first heterologously expressed and purified. The folding of OBP28a was then determined and the protein was crystallized. The study of the binding properties of OBP28a revealed that it can bind floral compounds such as β-ionone. Behavioural and electrophysiological recordings supported the physiological role of OBP28a in β-ionone detection. In summary, this PhD thesis reveals novel roles of two OBPs in perireceptor chemoreception: OBP28a in the detection of floral compounds and OBP19b in the detection of some amino acids
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Santana, Isis Bugia. "Modelagem comparativa e triagem virtual hier?rquica para identifica??o de moduladores das OBPs de Lutzomyia Longipalpis." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/441.
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The Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the second most important vector-borne disease in the world, transmitted in the Americas by Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector control is essential for the prevention of the disease. But since it is not possible to identify the oviposition sites, the fight is directed to adult insects, using traps impregnated with chemical attractants. Whereas the Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) act in the first level of odor selection, this work used in silico methodology to identify putative vector olfactory chemical modulators based on the structure of OBPs and known ligands. For this, tridimensional (3D) structure of L. longipalpis OBPs were predicted by three comparative modeling methods. The best model, predicted by I-Tasser, was refined by Molecular Dynamics on Gromacs. Then, in a hierarchical virtual screening approach, natural compounds of ZINC12 closer to the typical OBP ligands in global chemical space, provided by ChemGPS-NP, were evaluated and staggered concerning affinity with the orthosteric site from the OBP, by molecular docking on DOCK6. The compounds were scored by GRIDSCORE, then the 100 best classified were submitted to AMBERSCORE, which took into account the flexibility from both OBP and the docked ligands. The lowest energy conformations interacted with a hydrophobic pocket through residues Met6, Gly10, Glu11, Ala9 Arg14, Leu74, Met53, Phe118, Phe119, Pro120, amino groups and formed ionic interaction with carboxyl of Glu11, Furthermore, Phe119, Asn29 and Gln69 formed hydrogen bonds, this last formed donor and acceptor H-bonds.
A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) ? a segunda doen?a vetorial mais importante do mundo, transmitida nas Am?ricas por Lutzomyia longipalpis, o controle do vetor ? indispens?vel ? preven??o da doen?a. Mas como n?o ? poss?vel identificar onde ocorre a oviposi??o, o combate ? direcionado aos insetos adultos, utilizando armadilhas impregnadas com atrativos qu?micos. Considerando que as Prote?nas Ligadoras de Odor (OBPs) atuam no primeiro n?vel de sele??o dos odores, este trabalho utilizou uma metodologia in silico para identificar potenciais moduladores qu?micos olfativos do vetor baseando-se na estrutura das OBPs e de ligantes conhecidos. Para isso, foram preditas as estruturas tridimensionais (3D) de OBPs de L. longipalpis por tr?s m?todos de modelagem comparativa. O melhor modelo, predito pelo I-Tasser, foi refinado por Din?mica Molecular no Gromacs. Ent?o, numa abordagem hier?rquica da triagem virtual, os compostos naturais do ZINC12 mais pr?ximos dos t?picos ligantes de OBPs no espa?o qu?mico global, fornecido pelo ChemGPS-NP, foram avaliados e escalonados quanto ? afinidade com o s?tio ortost?rico da OBP, pelo acoplamento molecular no DOCK6. Os compostos foram pontuados pelo Gridscore, em seguida, os cem melhores classificados foram submetidos ? pontua??o pelo Amberscore, que levou em conta a flexibilidade tanto da OBP como dos ligantes acoplados. As conforma??es de menor energia interagiram com um bols?o hidrof?bico atrav?s dos res?duos Met6, Ala9, Gly10, Glu11, Arg14, Met53, Leu74, Phe118, Phe119, Pro120; grupamentos amino formaram pontes salinas com a carboxila do Glu11. Al?m disso, os res?duos Phe119, Asn29 e Gln69 formaram liga??es hidrog?nio, sendo que, este ?ltimo res?duo formou liga??es-H aceptoras e doadoras.
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Campanini, Emeline Boni. "Evolução molecular e padrões de expressão de genes da família das proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs) em duas espécies de moscas-das-frutas do grupo Anastrepha fraterculus." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8772.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are of great importance for survival and reproduction since they participate in initial steps of the olfactory signal transduction cascade, solubilizing and transporting chemical signals to the olfactory receptors. A comparative analysis of OBPs between closely related species may help explain how these genes evolve and are maintained under natural selection and how differences in these proteins can affect olfactory responses, and consequently lead to species differentiation. We studied OBP genes in the closely related species Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua, which, albeit generalists, have different host preferences, using transcriptomes and real time quantitative PCR data. We identified 24 different OBP sequences from Anastrepha fraterculus and 25 from A. obliqua, which correspond to 21 Drosophila melanogaster OBP genes. Phylogenetic analysis separated Anastrepha OBPs sequences in four branches that represent four subfamilies: classic, minus-C, plus-C and dimer. We found evidence of positive selection in three classic subfamily genes OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c and in the plus-C subfamily gene OBP50a, and at least one duplication event that preceded the speciation of these two species. Four positively selected sites putatively resulted in radical changes in amino acid properties. Inferences on tertiary structures of putative proteins from these genes revealed that at least one positively selected change involves the binding cavity (the odorant binding region) in the plus-C OBP50a, which is important because changes in the binding cavity could change OBPs specificity. Differential gene expression analysis at different reproductive stages showed that all nine OBP genes tested were significantly differentially expressed between A. fraterculus and A. obliqua at several reproductive profiles, but OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c and both OBP56h paralogs showed the highest differences in expression levels. The results generated in this study indicated that at least seven OBP genes may be involved in the A. fraterculus e A. obliqua differentiation, and in the fraterculus group differentiation as well.
As proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs – odorant-binding proteins) são de grande importância para a sobrevivência e reprodução, pois participam do passo inicial da cascata de transdução dos sinais olfatórios, solubilizando e transportando os sinais químicos (odores e feromônios) até os receptores olfativos. A análise comparativa dos genes OBPs entre espécies próximas pode ajudar na compreensão de como o repertório desses genes é mantido sob seleção natural, além de fornecer informações acerca de como as diferenças observadas podem afetar as respostas olfatórias e, consequentemente, levar à diferenciação dessas espécies. Estudamos genes OBP em duas espécies-irmãs Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha obliqua, as quais têm preferência por diferentes frutos hospedeiros, usando dados de transcriptomas e de PCR quantitativa. Identificamos 24 sequências OBP para A. fraterculus e 25 para A. obliqua, que corresponderam a 21 genes OBP de Drosophila melanogaster. Análises filogenéticas separaram as OBPs de Anastrepha em quatro ramos, que representam quatro subfamílias dessa família gênica: classic, minus-C, plus-C e dimer. Evidências de seleção positiva foram observadas nos genes da subfamília classic OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c, e para o gene da subfamília plus-C OBP50a, e pelo menos um evento de duplicação gênica que precede a especiação dessas duas espécies. Quatro sítios selecionados positivamente resultavam em mudanças radicais nas propriedades dos aminoácidos. Inferências utilizando a estrutura terciária predita para essas OBPs revelaram que pelo menos um desses sítios faz parte da cavidade ligante ao odor de OBP50a, sendo que uma mudança nessa região pode alterar a especificidade de uma OBP. Análises de expressão por PCR quantitativa em diferentes estágios reprodutivos das moscas mostraram que todos os nove genes testados possuíam expressão gênica significativamente diferente entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua para mais de um perfil reprodutivo, sendo que OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c e os dois parálogos OBP56h foram os que mais apresentaram diferenças entre as duas espécies. Todos os resultados gerados pelo presente trabalho indicam que pelo menos sete genes OBP podem estar envolvidos na diferenciação entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua e, potencialmente, na diferenciação do grupo fraterculus.
FAPESP: 2012/17160-8.
CAPES: 99999.004252/2014-04
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Foret, Sylvain, and sylvain foret@anu edu au. "Function and Evolution of Putative Odorant Carriers in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." The Australian National University. Research School of Biological Sciences, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070613.144745.
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The remarkable olfactory power of insect species is thought to be generated by a combinatorial action of G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) and olfactory carriers. Two such carrier gene families are found in insects: the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs). In olfactory sensilla, OBPs and CSPs are believed to deliver hydrophobic air-borne molecules to ORs, but their expression in non-olfactory tissues suggests that they also may function as general carriers in other developmental and physiological processes.
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Bioinformatics and experimental approaches were used to characterise the OBP and CSP gene families in a highly social insect, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Comparison with other insects reveals that the honey bee has the smallest set of these genes, consisting of only 21 OBPs and 6 CSPs. These numbers stand in stark contrast to the 66 OBPs and 7 CSPs in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the 46 OBPs and 20 CSPs in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The genes belonging to both families are often organised in clusters, and evolve by lineage specic expansions. Positive selection has been found to play a role in generating a greater sequence diversication in the OBP family in contrast to the CSP gene family that is more conserved, especially in the binding pocket. Expression proling under a wide range of conditions shows that, in the honey, bee only a minority of these genes are antenna-specic. The remaining genes are expressed either ubiquitously, or are tightly regulated in specialized tissues or during development. These findings support the view that OBPs and CSPs are not restricted to olfaction, and are likely to be involved in broader physiological functions.
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Finally, the detailed expression study and the functional characterization of a member of the CSP family, uth (unable-to-hatch), is reported. This gene is expressed in a maternal-zygotic fashion, and is restricted to the egg and embryo. Blocking the zygotic expression of uth with double-stranded RNA causes abnormalities in all body parts where this gene is highly expressed.
The treated embryos are `unable-to-hatch' and cannot progress to the larval stages. Our ndings reveal a novel, essential role for this gene family and suggest that uth is an ectodermal gene involved in embryonic cuticle formation.
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Badinger, Harald, and Peter Egger. "Productivity spillovers across countries and industries: new evidence from OECD countries." Wiley, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12122.
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This paper uses a translog approach to estimate intra- and inter-industry productivity spillovers transmitted through input-output linkages, distinguishing R&D and other (remainder) spillovers. For a panel of 12 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries from 1995-2005, first, we find that the estimated elasticity with respect to "own" R&D amounts to 0.25 on average (which would be estimated to be lower if R&D were assumed to be additively separable from other inputs). Second, there are sizeable intra-industry and relatively small inter-industry R&D spillovers. Third, there are significant remainder spillovers, which are mainly of the intra-industry type and substantially amplify idiosyncratic technology shocks.
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Malsiner-Walli, Gertraud, Paul Hofmarcher, and Bettina Grün. "Semi-parametric Regression under Model Uncertainty: Economic Applications." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12294.
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Economic theory does not always specify the functional relationship between dependent and explanatory variables, or even isolate a particular set of covariates. This means that model uncertainty is pervasive in empirical economics. In this paper, we indicate how Bayesian semi-parametric regression methods in combination with stochastic search variable selection can be used to address two model uncertainties simultaneously: (i) the uncertainty with respect to the variables which should be included in the model and (ii) the uncertainty with respect to the functional form of their effects. The presented approach enables the simultaneous identification of robust linear and nonlinear effects. The additional insights gained are illustrated on applications in empirical economics, namely willingness to pay for housing, and cross-country growth regression.
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Abbott, Matthew Richard Stanley. "Biological processing in oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs)." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3384.
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Bioprocessing involves using complete cells or any of their components for the manufacture of products such as pharmaceuticals, fuel, health products and precursor compounds for plastics. Bioprocessing can provide sustainable routes for the manufacture of products which are traditionally manufactured from fossil-derived chemicals. The stirred tank reactor (STR) is the prevalent fermenter/reaction vessel in industry due to its simplicity and cost. However; the basic design has not changed for centuries. This thesis describes the use of oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs) for bioprocessing. Generally, the “niche application” of OBRs is in performing ‘long’ processes in plug flow conditions, so they should be suitable for many bioprocesses. In this thesis, four research projects using OBRs are presented: modelling of plug flow and OBR design; enzymatic saccharification; microalgae culture; and anaerobic digestion (AD). A robust method to maximise plug flow in various OBR designs is described. Second order, polynomial models (R2=92.1% and 97.3%) were used to maximise plug flow at Ψ=1.9. The net flow rate (Q) was shown to affect the quality of plug flow which has implications for OBR design. Enzymatic saccharification was conducted in reactors based on OBR and STR technology. The OBR required 94-99% less power to achieve the necessary mixing intensities to maximise glucose production. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cultured in a modified OBR for use as a photobioreactor (PBR). Maximum growth rates were increased by 95% in the OBR compared to cultures conducted in T-flasks. A flotation effect was observed that suggests that a dual culture and harvest device for microalgae is possible. Anaerobic digestion of dairy slurry and co-digestion with glycerol was conducted in digesters based on OBR and STR technology. The OBR achieved a maximum specific methane yield 28% higher than the STR. However, blockages occurred in the OBR and 89% less power was required for temperature control in the STR, predominantly due to differences in surface areas to volume ratios. Overall, OBR technology was successfully used in three bioprocesses, with improvements demonstrated over traditional technologies such as STR and/or T- flasks. Commercial systems based on OBR technology could be designed, provided that sufficient data is generated to overcome the risks associated with adoption of a novel technology such as OBRs.
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ALBUQUERQUE, FILHO Bruno Edson Martins de. "OBAS: Um Benchmark OLAP Para Serviços de Análises." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11227.
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Alguns benchmarks foram propostos para auxiliar o projeto de testes de desempenho em DW (Data Warehouse). Entretanto, foi identificada a falta de um benchmark para serviços de análises (OLAP – On-line Analytical Processing). Assim, esta dissertação apresenta a especificação e análise experimental do benchmark OBAS (OLAP Benchmark for Analysis Services). Este benchmark corresponde a uma extensão do Star Schema Benchmark (SSB) (O'Neil et al., 2009), para avaliação de serviços de análises e utilização de consultas escritas na linguagem MDX (Multidimensional Expressions). Na sua especificação, são apresentadas configurações de execução, como utilização de cache, localidade, paralelismo, serviços e catálogos. Foram definidos o esquema relacional e multidimensional correspondente, e as consultas SQL (Structured Query Language) do SSB traduzidas para MDX, além de serem adicionadas novas consultas que avaliam funções OLAP na linguagem MDX. As métricas utilizadas consistem no tempo de resposta, taxas de execução e confiabilidade. Esta última constitui um diferencial na avaliação, pois o SSB apresenta apenas taxas de execução. Componentes são especificados para preparação e execução do OBAS. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de testes para a execução do OBAS de forma portável, que utiliza XMLA (XML for Analysis) como forma de comunicação com os serviços de análises. O OBAS também foi aplicado a uma base de dados real, com as devidas alterações. Dois serviços de análises foram avaliados na análise experimental do OBAS. Os resultados da execução foram tratados e analisados em relação à funcionalidade e complexidade das consultas, e à carga submetida, que consiste no número de fluxos concorrentes de execução, em vez de apresentar um único número como resultado do experimento, o que perde detalhes do comportamento dos serviços. Assim, é possível avaliar o comportamento do serviço diante destes aspectos e identificar a melhor utilização de cada serviço.
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Loonam, Mary. "An exploration of member involvement with online brand communities (OBCs)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8642/.
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Despite growth in research investigating online consumer behaviour there appears to be a lack of study focusing specifically on how consumers are involved within online settings. Involvement is defined as the perceived relevance of a stimulus object such as a product to the individual consumer (Zaichkowsky, 1984). The study of consumer involvement is valuable as it is believed to be important mediator of consumer behaviour (e.g. Slater and Armstrong, 2010; Knox, Walker and Marshall, 1994). This study explores member involvement with Online Brand Communities (OBCs) focusing specifically on two questions: (1) What is involving about OBCs? (2) How are members involved with OBCs? The study employs a netnographic methodology consisting of participant observation of two OBCs over a nine month period. Based on the findings from the observation data two conceptual models relating to the characteristics and development of member involvement with the OBC are presented. The ‘Typology of Online Community Involvement’ model identifies four distinct types of member involvement with the OBC: (1) utilitarian involvement, (2) social involvement, (3) ego-related involvement, and (4) affective involvement. The ‘Journey of Member Involvement with the OBC’ model charts the different pathways that members who are involved with the OBC may undertake during their membership. The findings provide deeper insights into online consumer behaviour such as triggers that prompt members’ initial and continued involvement with OBCs. Recommendations for management focus on developing tools and strategies that help cultivate and sustain member involvement with the OBC.
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Putro, Fitrix Primantoro. "Strategies for detecting poor coupling in an OBS experiment." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1272.
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We present a method for detecting and correcting poor coupling in an Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) experiment. The basic idea of our method is that the normal component (with respect to the seafloor) of particle velocity is continuous at the water-solid interface. A comparison of the normal component of particle velocity just above and below the seafloor allows us to assess poor coupling. In other words, our method for detecting poor coupling consists of analyzing vertical particle velocities measured just above and below the seafloor. The normal component of particle velocity above the water is measured using either a vertical receiver array or a vertical source array (dipole source), whereas the normal component of particle velocity below the water is directly measured in this OBS experiment.
In general, the quantities recorded in the OBS experiment are vertical and horizontal components of particle velocity, but continuity of the boundary is based on the normal component of particle velocity being oriented perpendicularly to the seafloor. For a flat seafloor, the vertical component of particle velocity values just above and below the seafloor must be almost equal according to the continuity condition at the water-solid boundary. However, for a dipping seafloor this is not the case. We have established that we can differentiate a poor coupling effect from a dipping-seafloor effect by using the vertical component of particle velocity.
We have tested our method on real (Eugene Island) data and synthetic (finite-difference) data. For finite-difference synthetics, we have used a grid spacing 0.25 meters to properly simulate the water-solid interface. By examining the uniformity (with respect to offset) of cross-correlation between the vertical component of particle velocity just above and below the seafloor, we were able to detect poor coupling and to differentiate it with any dipping effect at the seafloor. The energy of data just above and below the seafloor were also used for detecting poor coupling and for differentiating it from dipping-seafloor effect.
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Mendoça, Pedroso Pedro Miguel. "GMPLS-OBS interoperability and routing acalability in internet." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52565.
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The popularization of Internet has turned the telecom world upside down over the last two decades. Network operators, vendors and service providers are being challenged to adapt themselves to Internet requirements in a way to properly serve the huge number of demanding users (residential and business). The Internet (data-oriented network) is supported by an IP packet-switched architecture on top of a circuit-switched, optical-based architecture (voice-oriented network), which results in a complex and rather costly infrastructure to the transport of IP traffic (the dominant traffic nowadays). In such a way, a simple and IP-adapted network architecture is desired.
From the transport network perspective, both Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) technologies are part of the set of solutions to progress towards an IP-over-WDM architecture, providing intelligence in the control and management of resources (i.e. GMPLS) as well as a good network resource access and usage (i.e. OBS). The GMPLS framework is the key enabler to orchestrate a unified optical network control and thus reduce network operational expenses (OPEX), while increasing operator's revenues. Simultaneously, the OBS technology is one of the well positioned switching technologies to realize the envisioned IP-over-WDM network architecture, leveraging on the statistical multiplexing of data plane resources to enable sub-wavelength in optical networks. Despite of the GMPLS principle of unified control, little effort has been put on extending it to incorporate the OBS technology and many open questions still remain.
From the IP network perspective, the Internet is facing scalability issues as enormous quantities of service instances and devices must be managed. Nowadays, it is believed that the current Internet features and mechanisms cannot cope with the size and dynamics of the Future Internet. Compact Routing is one of the main breakthrough paradigms on the design of a routing system scalable with the Future Internet requirements. It intends to address the fundamental limits of current stretch-1 shortest-path routing in terms of RT scalability (aiming at sub-linear growth). Although "static" compact routing works fine, scaling logarithmically on the number of nodes even in scale-free graphs such as Internet, it does not handle dynamic graphs. Moreover, as multimedia content/services proliferate, the multicast is again under the spotlight as bandwidth efficiency and low RT sizes are desired. However, it makes the problem even worse as more routing entries should be maintained.
In a nutshell, the main objective of this thesis in to contribute with fully detailed solutions dealing both with i) GMPLS-OBS control interoperability (Part I), fostering unified control over multiple switching domains and reduce redundancy in IP transport. The proposed solution overcomes every interoperability technology-specific issue as well as it offers (absolute) QoS guarantees overcoming OBS performance issues by making use of the GMPLS traffic-engineering (TE) features. Keys extensions to the GMPLS protocol standards are equally approached; and ii) new compact routing scheme for multicast scenarios, in order to overcome the Future Internet inter-domain routing system scalability problem (Part II). In such a way, the first known name-independent (i.e. topology unaware) compact multicast routing algorithm is proposed. On the other hand, the AnyTraffic Labeled concept is also introduced saving on forwarding entries by sharing a single forwarding entry to unicast and multicast traffic type. Exhaustive simulation campaigns are run in both cases in order to assess the reliability and feasible of the proposals.
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Askar, Shavan K. "Classified cloning for QoS provisioning in OBS networks." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570662.
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This thesis investigates the challenges underlying QoS provisioning over OBS networks, considering both absolute and relative cases. Novel QoS provisioning schemes are proposed, and their effectiveness in minimizing loss probability is demonstrated in a range of network scenarios, while either minimizing or maintaining latency. Firstly, the important aspects of optical network evolution are discussed, and justification is provided for the deployment of WDM telecommunication systems in backbone networks. Insight is provided into the contention problem, facilitating the discussion and categorisation of loss reduction mechanisms and how they deal with contention. Our novel scheme for burst loss reduction, referred to as CCS, is then introduced. Comprehensive simulation results are presented which evaluate CCS and compare it to other proposals, demonstrating the superiority of CCS. Furthermore, two novel schemes to improve the quality of streamed video over OBS are introduced. The first of these yields an average PSNR gain over existing proposals of 4.2 dB and 2.4 dB with 10% and 30% network loads respectively. The second scheme is less affected by the increased percentage of video traffic, and an average improvement of 5 dB is obtained in the worst- case scenario with 50% video traffic and medium/high network loads. Finally, the relationship between loss rate, ETE-delay and the aggregation parameters are studied in detail in order to inform the design of a novel absolute QoS provisioning scheme. Adaptive aggregation is combined with admission control at the ingress nodes, together with the CCS scheme, to produce the ACCS scheme, which is evaluated through extensive simulations. It exhibits superior loss rate and maintains acceptable bounds on ETE-delay when compared to CCS, basic cloning, and standard OBS.
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Rajalekshmi, Devi Sarika. "Development of Novel anti-estrogens for endocrine resistant Breast Cancer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81275.
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ER+ breast cancer raises a significant diagnostic challenge since resistance invariably develops to the current endocrine therapies. 70% of breast cancers are ER+, which results from the overexpression of estrogen receptor. ER mediates strong anti-inflammatory signaling in ER+ tissues. Once activated with estradiol (E2), ER inhibits inflammatory gene expression via protein-protein interactions that block NF-kappa B transcriptional activity. Importantly, NF-kappa B is a primary mediator of resistance in many cancers, including breast cancer. All current endocrine suppressive treatments block this palliative signaling pathway, along with the desired proliferative pathway. Thus, there is a significant unmet clinical need for novel endocrine treatments for breast cancer that can ameliorate patient outcome in resistant populations, be less prone to resistance development, retain anti-inflammatory action, and cause fewer side effects.
Following the hypothesis driven approach, the work described here introduces structural analogs of an innovative ligand scaffold, 5,6-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-sulfonic acid phenyl ester, termed OBHS, which reduces gene activation through ligand-induced shifts in helices 8 and 11, thereby indirectly modulating helix 12 of ER (hence, indirect antagonists). This new class of ligands with a bicyclic hydrophobic core retains strong anti-inflammatory effects while dialing out the proliferative effects of E2 (similar to Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, SERMS), and could potentially replace the current endocrine therapies of breast cancer. In this work, we carried out rational design and syntheses of two series of OBHS analogs, namely OBHS-A (for acetamido derivatives), and OBHS-P (for propargyl derivatives), while we explored a synthetic methodology for a third series of OBHS compounds.
Many analogs from the OBHS-A series exhibited high binding affinity. For example, the exo diastereomer of 2.11a, 2.11b, 2.11c, 2.11d, and 2.11e exhibited Relative Binding Affinities (RBAs) of 22.6%, 10.5%, 19.5%, 12.1%, and 14.4%, respectively. As observed before, endo OBHS compounds exhibited lower binding affinities than exo compounds. The RBA values with acetamide, and isobutyramide (i.e. short hydrophobic chains) were very comparable to each other. However, unexpectedly the propionamide compound showed lower binding affinity than butyramide. Nevertheless, we consider OBHS analogs with RBA values greater than 1% (Kd = 20 nM) to be very potent. This data is only the first step in a battery of assays that will be conducted eventually on these compounds. In particular, our emphasis is in ascertaining and improving the NF-kappa B mediated anti-inflammatory property, where these compounds have shown promising activity in conjunction with their anti-proliferative activity.Master of Science
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Lin, Yijian. "Structure-Property Relationship of Polyolefins Used as Packages and Adhesives." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1290044976.
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Matthews, Brenda Marian Frederica. "Evaluation of a bullying prevention programme at selected schools in the Western Cape Province – the Olweus approach." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4963.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe study aimed to pilot-test the effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Intervention Programme (OBPP) at two selected primary schools in the Western Cape; and to compare the differences in reported incidents of bullying between the control schools (CSs) and intervention schools (ISs), after the OBPP intervention. On the basis of these aims, the stated objectives were to measure bullying behaviour for pre-test and post-test comparisons with the CSs after the implementation of the OBPP at the ISs; and to investigate the effectiveness of the OBPP by comparing the ISs and CSs for programme targets. Three main hypotheses were formulated and tested, including: (1) There is no statistically significant difference in the mean rank of learners’ exposure to various types of bullying, characteristics (grade level and gender) of the perpetrator, locations of where the bullying occurred, disclosure of the bullying incident, participants’ and peers’ feelings of support, reactions and attitudes when experiencing or witnessing a bullying incident, parents’ and teachers’ reactions and efforts to support and protect victims and participants’ reports of satisfactory schooling environments at the ISs and CSs before and after intervention; (2) There is no statistically significant difference in mean rank of learners’ exposure to various types of bullying, characteristics (grade level and gender) of the perpetrator, locations of where the bullying occurred , disclosure of the bullying incident, participants’ and peers’ feelings of support, reactions and attitudes when experiencing or witnessing a bullying incident, parents’ and teachers’ reactions and efforts to support and protect victims and participants’ reports of satisfactory schooling environments between females’ and males’ reports before and after intervention; (3)There is no statistically significant difference in mean rank of learners’ exposure to various types of bullying, characteristics (grade level and gender) of the perpetrator, locations of where the bullying occurred , disclosure of the bullying incident, participants’ and peers’ feelings of support, reactions and attitudes when experiencing or witnessing a bullying incident, parents’ and teachers’ reactions and efforts to support and protect victims and participants’ reports of satisfactory schooling environments between females’ and males’ at the ISs and CSs before and after intervention. In order to provide the relevant theoretical orientations to the study, the Olweus Approach, served as a framework for investigating the prevalence and extent of bullying in the selected schools, while Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological theoretical framework was used to inform the study. In order to reach these objectives, a quantitative method using a questionnaire to collect data and a quasi-experimental design with intervention (ISs) and control (CSs) groups was used. The following are the main findings in terms of tested hypotheses: Firstly, there is a positive statistically significant difference concerning the CSs variables that include peer support toward bullying (school 2 and 4) where females represented higher mean ranks than males at school 2 and males were represented by higher mean ranks compared to females for school 4. Furthermore, for the variables peer attitudes toward bullying (school 4) and reported satisfactory schooling environments (school 4), more females than males attested for both. This suggests a favourable effect without the intervention. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant difference concerning the ISs variables that include characteristics (grade level and gender) of the perpetrator (school 1), disclosure of the bullying incident (school 1), peer reaction and attitudes toward bullying (school 1), parents’ and teachers’ reactions and efforts to support and protect victims against bullying (school 1 & 3), class teacher efforts to support and protect victims of bullying (school 1) as well as reported satisfactory schooling environments ( school 1). Secondly, it is noteworthy that for all the variables that presented statistically significant differences between females and males at baseline and follow up for the ISs – on average more females compared to males attested to this. Finally, statistically significant differences in terms of overall positive improvements i.e. N=200 that reported been bullied at baseline, was highlighted at only one of the ISs (school 1). Variables in this regard, included exposure to various types of bullying, characteristics (grade and level) of the perpetrator, disclosure of the bullying and reports of having a satisfactory schooling environment and noteworthy is that more males than females attested to be exposed to various types of bullying. These findings confirmed that the implementation of the OBPP has shown to be an effective programme at instilling an anti-bullying culture in terms of the named variables. The study therefore recommends, among others, that schools address existing bullying behaviour and prevent further bullying by building and enhancing existing connections between itself and the community which it serves; that the staff as a whole sets the standards of advocating an anti-bullying culture; and that teacher training colleges and universities offer the guidelines of the OBPP as a part of the students’ curriculum requirements.
National Development Agency (NDA) and the University of the Western Cape
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Nunes, Fábio. "A Adequação da Componente Física Necessária ao Desempenho de Funções de Operador de Obus Rebocado." Master's thesis, Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/7430.
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O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada, subordinado ao tema: “A adequação
da componente física necessária ao desempenho de funções de operador de obus rebocado.”, compreende o estudo de uma guarnição de obus rebocado de Artilharia de Campanha M114A1 155mm/23, mais concretamente dos serventes carregadores, que transportam o projétil até à culatra, local destinado ao carregamento.
Genericamente, os objetivos principais são: compreender qual o tipo de preparação
física de uma guarnição de obus rebocado resultante do treino físico ministrado atualmente; quais as capacidades físicas necessárias à realização de missões de tiro; desenvolver, aplicar e analisar um plano de treino específico com vista a melhorar o seu rendimento.
A metodologia utilizada no trabalho de campo foi baseada na construção de um
plano de treino com base na análise dos movimentos dos serventes carregadores e nos objetivos finais a atingir segundo a missão dos militares. Quanto à recolha de dados, foi utilizado o método de observação naturalista, caracterizado pela aferição das variáveis.
De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível dizer que a aplicação de um plano
de treino específico potencia e desenvolve o desempenho físico dos militares que o executam, na medida em que foram verificadas melhorias na realização da missão tomada como referência na investigação
De maneira geral, a criação de um plano de treino produz benefícios para o cumprimento das missões, sendo essencial ter-se em conta vários procedimentos iniciais, como a análise dos movimentos da função a realizar, as capacidades mais mobilizadas, os princípios, os domínios e componentes estruturais do treino para que seja possível atingirse um rendimento máximo e economizar tempo para a execução de outras tarefas.Abstract The current Applied Investigation Study, related to the theme: “ The adequacy of the physical component required to the functions performance of the towed howitzer operator’s“, is about a study of a towed howitzer section of Field Artillery M114 155mm/23, more precisely the chargers cannoneers, who carry the ammunition to the chamber, where it is destined to reloading. Generally, the main objectives are to understand what is the kind of physical preparation of the personnel of a towed howitzer section resulting from physical training currently performed, what are the capabilities needed in a fire support mission and develop and apply a training plan to improve their performance. The methodology used in the field work was based on the construction of a training plan concerning the motion analysis of chargers cannoneers and on the final objectives to achieve according to the their function. Regarding the data gathering, it was used the method of naturalist observation, characterized by the measurement of variables. According to the obtained results, it is possible to say that the application of specific training plan maximizes and develops the physical performance of the personnel that execute it, in a way that were noticed improvements in the execution of the mission taken by reference in the investigation. Generally, the creation of a training plan brings benefits to the fulfillment of the mission, being essential account for various initial procedures, such as the analysis of the motions specific of the task, the most needed capabilities, the principles, the domains and structural components of the training, so that it is possible to achieve a maximal performance and save time for the execution of other taks.
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Carlmark, Elin, and Anna Pollak. ""OBS, vissa är funktionsnedsatta" : En cripteoretisk studie om normer, identitet och motstånd." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-15879.
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Den här artikeln undersöker hur individer inom den svenska funktionshinderrörelsen resonerar kring de inom cripteori viktiga teman normalitet, identitet och motståndsstrategier. Aktiva inom funktionshinderförbunden Delaktighet Handlingskraft Rörelsefrihet (DHR), Unga Rörelsehindrade samt aktivister utanför förbunden intervjuas. Resultaten påvisar en brist på normkritik inom DHR och Unga Rörelsehindrade. Det framkommer också att cripteorins begrepp “att komma ut” skulle kunna vara användbar för denna grupps frigörelse. I frågan om vem som kan komma ut som crip och vilken roll personer utan funktionsnedsättning kan spela i rörelsen råder det delade meningar. Ett ökat samarbete med andra sociala rörelser efterfrågas, men otillgänglighet och dåligt bemötande beskrivs som hinder i tidigare försök till samarbete. Samtliga respondenter upplever ett behov av kraftfullare motståndsstrategier i kampen för ett tillgängligare samhälle. Studien visar på att detta skulle kunna uppnås genom en tydligare uttryckt ilska och stolthet hos funktionshinderrörelsen, något som aktivisterna visar tydligare prov på än representanterna för förbunden.
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Joensen, Mortan, and Maja Nilsson. "Utvärdering av energibesparingspotential vid tillämpning av värmepump i diskmaskin : OBS! Sekretessbelagd tills vidare." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4719.
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För ett genomsnittligt småhus i Sverige idag går ca 5000 kWh till hushållsel. Av dessa 5000 kWh går 7% till att driva diskmaskiner. Effektiviseringen av diskmaskiner har framförallt strävat efter en låg vatten- och energianvändning, en kort processtid samt en effektiv rening av disken.
Det finns dock gränser för hur effektiva diskmaskinerna kan göras med traditionell teknik. Därför har producenter under de senaste åren börjat se sig om efter mindre traditionella metoder som till exempel bruket av en värmepump för att få ned energiförbrukningen.
Syftet med det här examensarbetet har varit att ta fram systemlösningar för värmepump i diskmaskin samt att utvärdera energibesparingspotentialen i denna tillämpning.
Målet har varit att ta fram och beskriva de möjliga systemlösningar som uppstår vid en idégenerering. Att välja ut två lösningar för närmare undersökning, att bestämma en lämplig kompressoreffekt samt att beräkna energibesparingen dessa lösningar ger.
En litteraturstudie har gjorts av teknik och tillämpningar inom området, som till exempel värmeväxlaranvändning i diskmaskiner samt användandet av värmepumpar i andra vitvaror. Denna litteraturstudie följdes upp av en idégenerering, som tar hänsyn till möjliga värmekällor och –sänkor. Idégenereringen gav upphov till två systemlösningar som modellerades i MATLABs Simulink för att en lämplig kompressoreffekt och storleken på energibesparingen skulle bestämmas.
De två utvalda lösningarna ifrån idégenereringen var utomhusluftlösningen, där värme hämtas från uteluften och energilagerlösningen, där värme hämtas ur ett energilager. I båda lösningarna överförs värmen till det kalla ingående vattnet.
Energiåtgången för utomhusluftlösningen var beroende av köldmediets förångningstemperatur och modellering av lösningen visade att energiåtgången var 0,25 kWh vid en förångningstemperatur på -10°C, och 0,18 kWh vid 5°C. Vid modellering av energilagerlösningen påvisades en energiåtgång på 0,23 kWh. Slutsatsen som drogs var att kompressorn vid energilagerlösningen skall leverera en effekt på 240 W till köldmediet.
For an average detached house in Sweden today about 5000 kWh are used for household electricity. Of these 5000 kWh 7% are used to run dishwashers. The streamlining of dishwashers has above all strived for a lower water and energy use, a short process time along with a more efficient cleaning of the dishes.
There are however limits for how efficient the dishwashers can be made with traditional technology and acceptable costs. Therefore producers have, during recent years, started looking for less traditional methods, for example the use of a heat pump to reduce the energy use.
The purpose of this examination work has been to find system solutions for an application of a heat pump in a dishwasher and to evaluate the possible energy saving for each solution.
The goal has been to find and describe possible system solutions, which came up during the idea generation. To choose some of these for a closer investigation, to decide a fitting mechanical power for the compressor and to calculate the energy saving these solutions give rise to.
The method has consisted of a literature study, an idea generation, which takes the heat sources and sinks in consideration and a modelling in MATLAB’s Simulink of the selected solutions from the idea generation, which has been used to fit a mechanical power for the compressor.
The result of the idea generation was two solutions, an outdoor air solution, which collects heat from the outdoor air and gives it to the cold water which enters the machine and a energy storage solution, which collect heat from a heat stock to give to the cold entering water. A modelling of these show an energy usage of 0,24 respectively 0,17 kWh for the outdoor air solution, with a heat source temperature at 10 °C respectively 5°C and a energy usage of 0,22 kWh for the energy storage solution for one round.
The conclusion that was drawn was that the compressor of the energy storage solution should deliver a mechanical power of 240 W to the refrigerant.
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Andrianirina, Heriniaina Philibert. "PF-OBS: A proportionally fair congestion avoidance algorithm for Optical Burst Switching networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27953.
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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is an optical switching technique which eliminates the electronic bottleneck by keeping transmitted data in the optical domain. Therefore, it can effectively utilize the large bandwidth available in optical fibres. For these reasons, OBS is considered the future of optical networks. However, burst loss caused by congestion is a significant problem in OBS because flexible, practical optical buffers currently do not exist.
This thesis proposes a rate-based congestion control method, called PF-OBS, which limits the blocking probability in OBS networks. PF-OBS uses a utility maximization approach to congestion control. The method assigns prices to congested links. Ingress nodes receive bandwidth proportionally to the price they are willing to pay. The resulting rate allocation is proportionally fair.
The method can keep the traffic load on all links under a predefined level. Simulations show that PF-OBS maintains the overall blocking probability at lower levels as compared with plain OBS. In addition, PF-OBS achieves higher total throughput than existing OBS flow control methods. The method remains stable in the presence of propagation delays.
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BECHARA, Mariana Castro. "Predição de falhas em redes de grades OBS com plano de controle GMPLS." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/3610.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para predição de falhas em rede de grade OBS com plano de controle GMPLS que auxilia as aplicações em ambientes de colaboração, como exemplo a E-Science. Os agentes de monitoração de tráfego, denominado DQMA-Fuzzy, verificam parâmetros relacionados à QoS e às imperfeições nos enlaces ópticos. Por apresentar uma solução mais rápida e facilmente implementável, foi desenvolvido um sistema baseado em lógica Fuzzy para dar mais robustez às decisões dos agentes. Simulações no NS-2 (Network Simulator – 2) demonstram que a proposta minimiza bloqueios na rede e balanceia o uso dos recursos da grade, garantindo níveis de serviços bem definidos, auxiliando na engenharia de tráfego e na predição de falhas.
This paper presents a proposal for predict failures in OBS grid network with GMPLS to assist applications in collaborative environments, like E-Science. Agents monitoring traffic (DQMA-Fuzzy) for related QoS parameters and others related to imperfections in optical links. A system based on fuzzy logic has been developed to give more robustness and flexibility in decision-making agents, because it presents a solution faster and easily implementable. NS-2 (Network Simulator – 2) simulations show that the proposed DQMA-Fuzzy is able to minimize blockages and balancing the use of grid resources, ensuring well-defined service levels, assisting in traffic engineering and fault prediction.
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Kalender, Ilker. "A Structural Equation Modeling Study: Factors Affecting Science Achievement On Obbs-2002 Across Grade Levels And School Types." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605348/index.pdf.
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In this study, factors that affect students'science achievement were modeled based on the data which was obtained from Study for Determination of Student Achievement &ndash
2002 (Ogrenci Basarisinin Belirlenmesi Calismasi &ndash
OBBS). First, using principle components analysis tecnique, dimensions of the student questionnaires and science achievement tests were found out. Using these dimensions for student questionnaires, latent variables socioeconomic status, student-centered activities, teacher-centered activities, private tutoring, experiments/technological material usage, and perception of interest and success were selected to be included in this study. Then, a reference model was proposed for factors affecting students'
science achievement. Lastly, this reference model was tested across three grade levels (6th, 7th, and 8th) and three school types (state, boarding, and private) and comparisons among them were made. As a result of modeling which was conducted by structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL 8.30, the study yielded the followings: Socioeconomic status has a strong effect on science achievement for all grade levels investigated. While teacher-centered activities generally affect students'
science achievement in a positive way, student-centered activities show a negative effect. Teacher-centered activities affect perception of interest and success as much as nearly they do for science achievement. Direct effect of teacher-centered activities is not significant for state and boarding schools, but their indirect effects strengthen the effect of teacher-centered activities on science achievement. Effect of experiments and technological material on perception of interest and success is negative for all grade levels and school types, except state schools in which it is positive.
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Obes, Dirk [Verfasser]. "Philipp Friedrich Wilhelm Vogt (1789 - 1861) : Professor der Medizin in Gießen und Bern / vorgelegt von Dirk Jannes Obes." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992324947/34.
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Anan, Muhammad Taqiuddin Chaudhry Ghulam M. "SWAP a slotted wavelength assignment pipeline scheduler for next-generation optical burst switches (OBS) /." Diss., UMK access, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2008."A dissertation in electrical & computer engineering and telecommunications networking." Advisor: Ghulam M. Chaudhry. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Sept. 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-169). Online version of the print edition.
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Barou, Emilie. "De l'ingénierie de protéines de liaison aux odorants à la détection électrochimique de molécules volatiles : vers la conception de biocapteurs et nez électroniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS045.
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La détection de molécules odorantes représente un enjeu important dans divers domaines tels que l’industrie alimentaire, le diagnostic médical et la sécurité du territoire, par exemple. En effet, les odorants, présents par milliers dans notre environnement, véhiculent de nombreuses informations, via leur nature chimique ou leur concentration. Notre système olfactif est capable de discriminer des milliers de molécules différentes via des mécanismes biochimiques impliquant l’association de nombreux partenaires protéiques et un codage combinatoire de l’information. Ces biomolécules, qui englobent notamment les récepteurs olfactifs et les protéines de liaison aux odorants (OBP), constituent une source intéressante d’éléments de détection pour la conception de biocapteurs. Les OBP sont de petites protéines solubles présentent dans le mucus nasal à des concentrations de l’ordre du millimolaire. Leur poche de liaison hydrophobe leur confère la capacité de lier de façon réversible les molécules odorantes. Leur robustesse et leur manipulation aisée en font de bonnes candidates pour l’élaboration de biocapteurs. Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection de molécules odorantes en associant des OBP comme biorécepteur et l’électrochimie comme méthode de transduction. Par une méthode de mutagenèse dirigée, nous avons montré qu’en modifiant un seul des acides aminés dans la poche de liaison de deux OBP de rat (rOBP2 et rOBP3), il était possible de moduler leurs affinités envers les odorants. En parallèle, nous avons décrit la détection qualitative et quantitative de molécules volatiles à partir d’OBP. Nous avons montré que rOBP3 lie la 2-méthyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), une sonde électrochimique. La quantité de MNQ déplacée de la poche de liaison de rOBP3 par la 3-isobutyl-2-méthoxypyrazine (IBMP), un odorant modèle, a été mesurée par voltammétrie cyclique à vagues carrées. Nous avons déterminé les constantes de dissociation des complexes rOBP3 / MNQ et rOBP3 / IBMP. Les valeurs mesurées par électrochimie ont été confirmées par compétition avec une sonde fluorescente et par titration calorimétrique isotherme. En combinant cette nouvelle méthode analytique à des variants de rOBP3 qui présentent des profils de liaison différents et complémentaires, nous avons détecté sélectivement chacun des constituants d’un mélange ternaire d’odorants. Ces travaux, qui allient ingénierie des OBP et électrochimie, offrent des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine des nez électroniquesThe detection of odorant molecules has become an important challenge in different research area, such as the food industry, medical diagnostics and homeland security. Indeed, the thousands of odorants in our environment provide information on their chemical nature or their concentration. Human olfactory system is capable of discriminating thousands of different molecules thanks to biochemical mechanisms involving multiple protein receptor partners and a combinatorial coding. These biomolecules that include olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) represent an interesting source of detectors for the design of biosensors. OBPs are small soluble proteins present in nasal mucus at millimolar concentrations. Their hydrophobic binding pocket gives them the ability to reversibly bind odorant molecules. OBPs are robust and easy to produce and are thus good candidates for the design of biosensors. In this work, we focused on the detection of odorant molecules associating OBPs as a bioreceptor and electrochemistry as a transduction method. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that by substituting a single amino acid in the binding pocket of two rat OBPs (rOBP2 and rOBP3), it is possible to modulate their binding affinities towards odorants. In parallel, we described a qualitative and quantitative method for the detection of volatile molecules using OBPs. We have shown that rOBP3 binds 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), an electrochemical probe. The amount of MNQ displaced from the binding pocket of rOBP3 by the model odorant 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), was measured using square-wave voltammetry. We determined the dissociation constants of the rOBP3 / MNQ and rOBP3 / IBMP complexes. These values measured by electrochemistry were confirmed by a competitive fluorescent assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. By combining this new analytical method to rOBP3 variants with different and complementary binding profiles, we were able to selectively detect each of the components of a ternary mixture of odorants. This work, that combines the engineering of OBPs and electrochemistry, offers us interesting perspectives in the field of electronic noses
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Fernandes, Cristóvão José Teixeira. "O sistema de armas do grupo de Artilharia de Campanha da Brigada de Reacção Rápida: Atualidade e perspetiva." Master's thesis, Academia Militar, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/11911.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o sistema de armas do Grupo de Artilharia de Campanha (GAC), da Brigada de Reacção Rápida (BrigRR).Artilharia de Campanha (GAC), da Brigada de Reacção Rápida (BrigRR).
Os acontecimentos do início do séc. XXI trouxeram consigo alterações profundas no ambiente operacional que levaram a repensar o emprego das forças terrestres. No que respeita à Artilharia de Campanha (AC), o ambiente operacional contemporâneo colocou alguns desafios, nomeadamente, a capacidade de garantir a interoperabilidade dos equipamentos, a flexibilidade das organizações, redução do tempo de resposta, entre outros, que devem ser ultrapassados.
No Exército Português, assistiu-se recentemente à integração de uma Unidade de AC na BrigRR. Pelas características das forças que desta Brigada fazem parte, tornou-se necessário efetuar esta investigação no sentido de verificar se o sistema de armas do seu GAC é o adequado para cumprir as missões de acordo com as exigências atuais.
Para a elaboração deste trabalho realizou-se uma investigação com uma estrutura de raciocínio em ordem descendente. Inicialmente efetuou-se a caracterização do atual ambiente operacional e as exigências que se colocaram à AC. Após o enquadramento inicial, realizou-se o estudo sobre as possíveis missões da BrigRR e dos cenários mais prováveis do seu emprego de acordo com os compromissos assumidos, o que permitiu seguidamente, analisar o GAC, com o intuito de verificar se a sua atual organização lhe permite cumprir as missões do escalão superior, bem como analisar se este cumpre ou não os requisitos estabelecidos pelas organizações internacionais das quais faz parte.
A anterior análise possibilitou que se efetuasse um levantamento dos requisitos operacionais dos meios do GAC de acordo com os cenários prováveis de emprego e variáveis de missão. Permitiu assim, analisar os meios disponíveis no GAC, onde se investigaram as suas capacidades e principais limitações, sendo também apresentada uma perspetiva em termos de atualizações futuras.
Desta análise concluiu-se que o sistema de armas obus M119 é uma arma atual, perfeitamente adequada ao emprego que dela se pretende na BrigRR. Contudo, a BrigRR tem dificuldades em cumprir missões de escalão Brigada, podendo no entanto empregar as suas subunidades de forma isolada. Quanto ao GAC, verificou-se que a atual organização permite-lhe fazer face a apenas algumas das solicitações do escalão superior, comprometendo mesmo a sua capacidade de emprego, quando a operar com a Bateria de Morteiros Pesados.
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Danesfahani, Gholam Reza. "A study in optimising a multicarrier demultiplexer demodulator (MCDD) for on-board processing (OBP) satellites." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309262.
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Santos, Matheus Borges dos. "Análise da qualidade de serviço em arquiteturas OPS/OBS com recursos de diferenciação de tráfego." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2013.
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Tawil, Dima. "Performance evaluation of portfolio insurance strategies." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G017/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer et de comparer la performance des stratégies d’assurance de portefeuille pour tenter de définir quelles stratégies doivent être privilégiées par les investisseurs. Nous comparons de nombreuses stratégies d’assurance (OBPI, CPPI, put synthétique et Stop-loss) entre elles mais également avec quelques autres stratégies de référence. Nous utilisons différents critères de comparaison qui comprennent: 1. Les distributions de pay-off, le niveau de protection, la dominance stochastique et le coût d’assurance dans différentes conditions de marché identifiées par des modèles à changements de régime markovien. 2. Les mesures de la performance ajustée au risque qui peuvent refléter les préférences des investisseurs vis-à-vis du risque et de la rentabilité. 3. Les préférences des investisseurs en intégrant la théorie cumulative des perspectives (TCP). Nos résultats semblent mettre en évidence une dominance des stratégies CPPI dans la majorité des cas et pour la majorité des critères de comparaisonThis thesis is set out with the objective of evaluating and comparing the performance of portfolio insurance strategies. We try to figure out when and why one portfolio insurance strategy should be preferred by investors in practice. To meet this objective, main portfolio insurance strategies (OBPI, CPPI, Synthetic put and Stop-loss) are compared relatively to each other and to some benchmark strategies. Portfolio insurance strategies are applied within different implementation scenarios and compared according to various criteria that include:1. The payoff functions, stochastic dominance, the level of protection and the cost of insurance under bull and bear market conditions. 2. Various risk adjusted performance measures that reflect different investors’ preferences toward risk and return. 3. The preferences of investors who act according to cumulative prospect theory (CPT). Our results reveal a dominant role of CPPI strategy at the majority of cases and according to the majority of comparison criteria
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Sax, David, and Jeff Torberntsson. "Hur arbetar Svensk Elitfotboll (SEF) med sina huvudsponsorer Unibet och OBOS utifrån sin brand identity och hur uppfattas detta genom brand image?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42690.
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AbstractKeywords: Brand image, brand identity, sponsorship, betting, football, branding. Purpose: How does Swedish Elite Football (SEF) work with its main sponsors Unibet and OBOS based on its brand identity and how is this perceived through brandimage? Methodology: The study is based on a qualitative approach. With semi-structured interviews and document analysis, we have collected material that has been processed through a thematic analysis. Theory: Theoretical starting points in this study are the concepts of brand image, brand identity and positioning. Results and conclusions: Previous research showed that gambling addiction and a normalization of betting were consequences formed in England since 1992 after a high exposure of gambling companies. This led to unhealthy betting behaviour, especially among adolescents, which may have affected the league's reputation. In our analysis, we investigated SEF's use of a privately owned gaming company as the main sponsor from a brand perspective. Based on SEF's brand identity, the organization will now be associated with Unibet in their exposure and marketing, which also means that their association will fall on SEF. Thus, SEF needs to create a good brand image for the gaming company, which it tries to do through different types of projects. Hemmaklubben and Unicoach are social projects that will develop Swedish football by, for example, training coaches further to develop better own products from the academies. SEF and Unibet have also initiated work against gambling addiction. They explain the project as that the problem is something that affects both organizations and should therefore be solved by the organizations. In this way, they want to inform the public that there are many benefits to the new collaboration, which are factors that strengthen SEF's identity. Based on our review of previous material, we can ́t see any previous studies where private betting companies as the main sponsor of a league social projects have done to counteract unhealthy betting behaviour, which SEF and Unibet do. From this point of view, we believe that the view of SEF's brand is partly dependent on the results the social projects will show. At present, SEF believes that they have received a positive response after turbulent discussions when the collaboration became official. Social projects have calmed the storm and supporters are probably waiting for the consequences of the values the collaboration can have. Thus, brand identity is probably dependent on positive results of the projects to be able to show that the organizations do have a value for Swedish Elite Football. This will then lead to a perception (brand image) about the organization. In further studies, we would like to see further research5on the organization's brand image to see how this has actually been received by supporters of SEF and whether the projects have been successful or not.
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Henningsson, Helena, and Sandra Olsson. "Motiverande samtal i sjuksköterskans arbete med överviktiga och obesa barn." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17930.
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Övervikt och obesitas ökar bland befolkningen runt om i världen, även bland barn. Då risken är stor att överviktiga barn även blir överviktiga som vuxna, är det av stor vikt att bryta dåliga levnadsvanor i tid. Övervikt och obesitas har starka kopplingar till hälsoproblem så som hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, diabetes typ 2 och psykisk ohälsa. Sjuksköterskan ska främja hälsa och förebygga sjukdomar och har olika metoder att tillgå i sitt arbete och en av dem är motiverande samtal (MI). Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att belysa MI som metod för sjuksköterskan i arbetet med överviktiga och obesa barn. Uppsatsen är en litteraturöversikt där åtta artiklar analyserats. Resultatet kategoriserades i tre huvudteman och fyra subteman som beskriver MI som arbetsredskap samt effekterna på de överviktiga och obesa barnen. MI visar sig ha god effekt på att minska kaloriintag och öka den fysiska aktiviteten hos de överviktiga och obesa barnen. Trots att MI kan upplevas tidskrävande anses metoden vara ett bra redskap vid känsliga ämnen. Diskussionen belyser vikten av en god vårdrelation, intresse och engagemang från sjuksköterskan, samt behovet av föräldrarnas insikt och delaktighet kring barnens övervikt för att vara ett bra stöd.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
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Tomiczek, Roman. "Chytrá domácnost – knihovna pro sběr dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413084.
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The diploma thesis deals with the development of a software library for aggregating data from electricity meters and sending data to a central station. The most used protocols in smart grids are described. The work deals in more detail with the most important parts of the DLMS/COSEM standard. The DLMS protocol is described, which ensures communication between clients and servers. Next, the COSEM object model is described, which specifies object modeling, for access to measuring devices, and the OBIS system, which determines the identification of data objects. The Gurux library, which specializes in intelligent meter readings, is also described. The results of the work describe the implementation and testing of a software library for aggregation of data from servers using the DLMS/COSEM protocol using the GURUX library. At the end of the work is described a series of tests that were performed using this software library.
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Millery, Julie. "Une adaptation du système olfactif au milieu aérien : les Olfactory-Binding Protein (OBP) chez Xenopus laevis et Xenopus tropicalis." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS047.
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Les Olfactory-binding protein (OBP), sont des protéines largement retrouvées dans le mucus olfactif d’un grand nombre de vertébrés mais elles n’ont cependant jamais été mises en évidence chez le poisson. Assez peu de choses sont connues sur leur fonction exacte au sein du système olfactif mais un rôle dans l’adaptation de ce système au milieu aérien est fortement suspecté. Le xénope possède un double système olfactif composé de deux cavités l’une dédiée à l’olfaction aquatique (CM) et l’autre dédiée à l’olfaction aérienne (CP). Cette particularité nous a permis de tester notre hypothèse. Nous avons pour la première fois caractérisée des OBP chez X. Laevis et X. Tropicalis. Grâce aux techniques de transcription inverse et de RACE 3’, deux produits ont été clonés et séquencés. Ces clones ont été utilisé afin d’étudier les patrons d’expression de ces protéines au niveau du système olfactif de ces deux espèces par HIS et immunocytochimie. Les transcrits et les protéines ont été localisés uniquement au niveau de la cavité aérienne de ces deux espèces soutenant donc l’idée que ces protéines seraient impliquées dans une adaptation du système olfactif au milieu aérien. De plus, suite à une étude réalisée sur une banque de gènes étiquetés, nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’un second gène d’OBP présent chez X. Laevis uniquement et pas chez X. TropicalisOlfactory Binding Proteins (OBP), commonly associated with aerial olfaction, are currently found in mammals olfactory mucus, but have never been identified in fish. It is not clear yet if OBP is an adaptation of the olfactory system to an aerial environment. Adult olfactory system Xenopus is organized into two olfactory chambers which are thought to be devoted respectively to aquatic (MC) and aerial olfaction (PC). This specificity provides us the opportunity to test this alternative hypothesis. We have identified for the first time Olfactory Binding Protein in Xenopus laevis and tropicalis. By a reverse transcription and 3’ RACE strategy two products were cloned and sequenced. These cloned sequences were used to analyse the expression pattern of the gene by HIS and immunocytochemistry in the olfactory system of two Xenopus species: X. Laevis and X. Tropicalis. The transcripts and the proteins are only present in the aerial chamber supporting the idea that OBPs are an adaptation to aerial olfaction. Moreover, from an EST (expressed sequence tag) library we also demonstrated that X. Laevis has 2 different OBP genes while X. Tropicalis has only one gene
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Orra, Mike. "Study on the Simulation and Analysis of an FH/FDMA OBP Satellite Based Mobile Communication System Under Critical Channel Impairment." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1277496071.
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Shariat-Panahi, Shahram. "Aportaciones a la Caracterización y Diseño de los Sistemas de Registro y Almacenamiento de Datos de los Sismómetros de Fondo Marino (OBS)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6352.
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En esta tesis doctoral se presenta un nuevo sistema de registro y almacenamiento de datos diseñado especialmente para la adquisición de señales sísmicas en el fondo marino. Además, se han diseñado herramientas de caracterización del sistema construido. Los siguientes objetivos han sido conseguidos en el presente trabajo:1) Optimización del consumo energético: Para optimizar el consumo del sistema final, se han utilizado elementos de bajo consumo energético para su construcción.
Además se han diseñado algoritmos software de adquisición de datos con un consumo mínimo para el sistema.
2) Mejorar la calidad de los datos del MiniDOBS y la capacidad de almacenamiento:
Como punto de partida, se ha estudiado el funcionamiento y diseño del sistema de adquisición del sismómetro de fondo marino MiniDOBS (Mini‐Digital Ocean Bottom Seismometer) construido en la universidad de Cambridge. Además se ha estudiado la calidad de los datos proporcionados por este sismómetro donde se han detectado las causas de la mala calidad de los datos. En este caso se ha sustituido el disco duro por un módulo de almacenamiento de datos basado en la memoria digital, aumentando la capacidad de almacenamiento hasta 4 GB sin afectar el nivel de ruido del sistema. Este objetivo ha sido logrado con la construcción y evaluación de la primera versión del sistema de adquisición donde los problemas encontrados en el MiniDOBS han sido solucionados.
3) Caracterización del sistema de adquisición: Para obtener un sistema de adquisición con características óptimas, es necesario disponer de herramientas de caracterización. Por tanto se han diseñado algoritmos de procesado de señal en el dominio frecuencial para conocer los diferentes parámetros de interés: Distorsion Harmónica Total (THD), Relación señal‐ruido y Distorsión (SINAD), Ruido total, Rango dinámico, relación señal‐ruido (SNR), Número Efectivo de Bits (ENOB), diafonía entre canales y jitter en los instantes de muestreo. Estos algoritmos están basados en las normas internacionales existentes. Como consecuencia de los resultados de la caracterización, se han detectado limitaciones en el estimador de jitter propuesto en la norma IEEE Std‐1057. Con el fin de mejorar el resultado de la caracterización, se ha propuesto un nuevo estimador de jitter y se ha demostrado que es un estimador sin bias. Además se ha calculado el mínimo número de muestras a registrar para obtener un cierto nivel de confianza en la estimación de jitter.
4) Optimización de la relación señal‐ruido y determinación de la estabilidad de la base de tiempo: La optimización del nivel de ruido y distorsión del módulo de conversión ADC, además de la integridad de la señal están fuertemente relacionada con su diseño PCB (Printed Circuit Board). Además, se ha cuantificado la estabilidad y la deriva del cristal principal del sistema con la variación de la temperatura de funcionamiento del sismómetro de fondo marino. Se han utilizado las normas internacionales IEEE Std‐1193 y IEEE Std‐1139 para caracterizar estos parámetros.
5) Validación del equipo en condiciones reales de trabajo: Finalmente, el sistema de registro y almacenamiento de datos implementado ha sido probado en condiciones reales de trabajo en la campaña de sísmica de refracción CALIBRA. Durante esta campaña, se han comparado los datos del sismómetro marino construido con los del instituto GEOMAR (Kiel, Alemania) que es el más utilizado en Europa en las campañas de sísmica de refracción.
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Foret, Sylvain. "Function and Evolution of Putative Odorant Carriers in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/45748.
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The remarkable olfactory power of insect species is thought to be generated by a combinatorial action of G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) and olfactory carriers. Two such carrier gene families are found in insects: the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs). In olfactory sensilla, OBPs and CSPs are believed to deliver hydrophobic air-borne molecules to ORs, but their expression in non-olfactory tissues suggests that they also may function as general carriers in other developmental and physiological processes. ¶ Bioinformatics and experimental approaches were used to characterise the OBP and CSP gene families in a highly social insect, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Comparison with other insects reveals that the honey bee has the smallest set of these genes, consisting of only 21 OBPs and 6 CSPs. These numbers stand in stark contrast to the 66 OBPs and 7 CSPs in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the 46 OBPs and 20 CSPs in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The genes belonging to both families are often organised in clusters, and evolve by lineage specic expansions. Positive selection has been found to play a role in generating a greater sequence diversication in the OBP family in contrast to the CSP gene family that is more conserved, especially in the binding pocket. Expression proling under a wide range of conditions shows that, in the honey, bee only a minority of these genes are antenna-specic. The remaining genes are expressed either ubiquitously, or are tightly regulated in specialized tissues or during development. These findings support the view that OBPs and CSPs are not restricted to olfaction, and are likely to be involved in broader physiological functions. ¶ Finally, the detailed expression study and the functional characterization of a member of the CSP family, uth (unable-to-hatch), is reported. This gene is expressed in a maternal-zygotic fashion, and is restricted to the egg and embryo. Blocking the zygotic expression of uth with double-stranded RNA causes abnormalities in all body parts where this gene is highly expressed. The treated embryos are `unable-to-hatch' and cannot progress to the larval stages. Our ndings reveal a novel, essential role for this gene family and suggest that uth is an ectodermal gene involved in embryonic cuticle formation.
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Calvário, Joana Ramos dos Santos. "Production and Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/133791.
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Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins responsible for the binding, solubilization and transportation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to olfactory receptors in vertebrates and insects. These proteins have been gaining attraction in artificial olfaction fields due to their natural selectivity toward VOCs. Furthermore, OBPs are reported to be structurally stable, resistant to thermal and proteolytic degradation, and easily produced in E. coli. Therefore, it is possible to implement OBPs in biosensors in order to develop a sensor array with improved selectivity by mimicking the biological olfactory system. The main objective of this work is the expression, purification and characterization of insect OBPs, for further application in an electronic nose biosensor.
The design of a vector construct with OBP genes under an IPTG inducible promoter allowed the proteins’ recombinant expression in E. coli. A first expression test revealed the presence of OBPs as inclusions bodies (IBs). Further expression strategies were tested to improve protein solubility during expression, however proved to be ineffective. Thus, CPI (Contact Pathway Inhibitor) from Phlebotomus duboscqi and OBP56a from Phormia regina were selected, expressed as IBs, solubilized and purified. Different purification protocols were assessed. Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) in denaturing conditions demonstrated to be the most successful approach, with purities of 86% (CPI) and 92% (OBP56a), and recoveries of 71% (CPI) and 50% (OBP56a). Western blot confirmed the presence of monomeric and dimeric forms of the purified OBPs. The secondary structure of the alpha helix rich insect OBPs was assessed by Circular Dichroism. We consider that further optimizations are still required, mainly in dialysis and a second purification step. Lastly, preliminary results were obtained in gas sensing experiments, in which OBP56a functionalized sensor has shown to be selective toward acetic acid.
Overall, this work explored different techniques regarding expression and purification of insect OBPs in inclusion body form. With further optimization, these proteins can be employed in VOC detecting biomaterials, for applications such as the early detection of viral and bacterial infections, cancers and inflammatory diseases.As proteínas de ligação a compostos odorantes (OBPs) são proteínas solúveis de tamanho pequeno responsáveis pela ligação, solubilização e transporte de Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (VOCs) para recetores olfativos em vertebrados e insetos. Estas proteínas têm vindo a ganhar atenção em sistemas olfativos artificiais devido à sua seletividade natural para com os VOCs. Além disso, as OBPs são estruturalmente estáveis, resistentes à degradação térmica e proteolítica, e facilmente produzidas em E. coli. Portanto, é possível implementar OBPs em biosensores de modo a desenvolver um conjunto de sensores com uma seletividade melhorada, havendo assim um paralelismo com o sistema olfativo biológico. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a expressão, purificação e caracterização de OBPs de insetos, para posterior aplicação num biossensor de nariz eletrónico. As proteínas selecionadas foram expressas em E. coli após a clonagem de um vetor com genes que codificam as mesmas OBPs sob um promotor indutível por IPTG. Um primeiro teste de expressão revelou a presença de OBPs como corpos de inclusão(IBs). Estratégias de expressão adicionais foram testadas para melhorar a solubilidade das proteínas durante a expressão, no entanto mostraram-se ineficazes. Assim, a CPI (Contact Pathway Inhibitor) de Phlebotomus duboscqi e OBP56a de Phormia regina foram selecionadas, expressas em IBs, solubilizadas e purificadas. Foram avaliados diferentes protocolos de purificação. A cromatografia de afinidade por iões metálicos imobilizados (IMAC) em condições desnaturantes demonstrou ser a abordagem mais bem sucedida, com purezas de 86% (CPI) e 92% (OBP56a) e recuperações de 71% (CPI) e 50% (OBP56a). Resultados de western blot confirmaram a presença de formas monoméricas e diméricas das OBPs purificadas. A estrutura secundária das OBPs de insetos, composta por hélices alfa, foi avaliada por Dicroísmo Circular. Consideramos que ainda são necessárias otimizações adicionais, principalmente no protocolo de diálise e na aplicação de um segundo passo de purificação. Por último, resultados preliminares foram obtidos em experiências de deteção de VOCs, nas quais o sensor funcionalizado com OBP56a mostrou ser seletivo para o ácido acético. No geral, este trabalho explorou diferentes técnicas de expressão e purificação de OBPs de insetos na forma de corpos de inclusão. Com otimização adicional, estas proteínas podem ser utilizadas em biossensores para a deteção de VOCs, para aplicações como a deteção precoce de infeções virais e bacterianas, cancros e doenças inflamatórias.
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Yang, Sheng-Hsia, and 楊勝旭. "OBPI and CPPI." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43405381687512787130.
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Lee, Jimmy. "Implementation of Tina service subscription information management using OBDMS." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/243.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science in Engineering - EngineeringThe next generation telecommunication networks will offer users a range of services. These future telecommunication services are envisaged to be tailored services that are customizable in order to satisfy specific requirements of a variety of customers. Service subscribers and users should be offered some direct control in managing their services. Customization in a multi-service environment introduces the requirement for multiple service profiles for each user. Having user service profiles enable universal service access. The current telecommunication service subscription model is no longer viable for the next generation or TINA-based services. This work proposes a subscription and service information management system that is integrated into the existing TINA-structured platform in the South African TINA (SATINA) Trial. The system developed here realizes the object-oriented TINA subscription information management model. The information model defines all the information and relationships required to handle users, subscribers and the subscription life cycle. The project employs the emerging Object Database Management System (ODBMS) to manage the object oriented telecommunication subscription data. ODBMS provides a powerful and efficient way to managed these object oriented information as information and the relationships are stored as they are used in the application. The proposed subscription and service information management system is a distributed application based on the widely used three-tier architecture model. The three-tier model enables distributed access to the centrally managed subscription and service information regardless of the implementation adopted. Visual modeling technique is used to develop the application and convey the design principles. Application of the subscription and service information management system in the service provider domain is demonstrated by the domain administrator’s usage of the system’s graphical management console. The integration of the information management system and the SATINA Trial’s service platform is indicated through the usage of the TINA compliant Online Subscription service.
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Figueira, Rodrigo Calçado. "Programa de Tiro para o obus M114A1 155mm/23." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/24601.
Full textAbstract:
O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada está subordinado ao tema “Programa de Tiro para o Obus M114A1 155mm /23”. O objetivo geral do trabalho é desenvolver uma calculadora de tiro que venha facilitar o trabalho do calculador dentro de um PCT, visto que a sua principal função é tornar todo o processo de tiro mais eficiente, ao obter os Elementos de Tiro e conseguirem empenhar-se sobre os objetivos o mais rapidamente possível. É também um objetivo rever e criar conhecimento ao nível do desenvolvimento deste tipo de software para que num futuro seja possível melhorar e adaptar as suas funcionalidades para o emprego operacional.
Relativamente ao método utilizado, optou-se pelo processo de design de Engenharia, uma vez que este remete para o desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em requisitos, utilizando para o efeito questionários com os utilizadores finais, ou seja, em que esses mesmos surgem da necessidade de alguém querer que um problema seja resolvido de forma efeciente e célere.
O trabalho encontra-se dividido em sete capitulos. O primeiro capítulo introduz o tema. O segundo capítulo refere-se ao Estado da Arte e é uma revisão da literatura sobre os temas relacionados com o desenvolvimento da calculadora. O terceiro capítulo refere-se ao método utilizado para a realização do trabalho. O quarto capítulo faz referência ao processo de recolha de dados e recolha de requisitos. O quinto capítulo demonstra sumariamente o trabalho computacional realizado, quer em Excel quer em código VBA. O sexto capítulo reflete os resultados, acabando por ser uma comparação entre a diferença do cálculo manual e esse mesmo cálculo na calculadora. As conclusões e recomendações finalizam assim com o sétimo capítulo.
Conclui-se que os requisitos mais importantes para o suporte de uma calculadora de tiro são a rapidez de cálculo e dispôr de todas as funcionalidades de cálculo de tiro, sendo que existem diversas formas de chegar a estes requisitos, seja ao nivel do método utilizado, que no presente caso foi recorrendo às TTN, seja ao nivel de onde é desenvolvido o programa e qual a linguagem utilizada para programar.The Applied Research work is subordinated to the theme “Shooting Program for Obus M114A1 155mm /23”. The overall goal of the paper is to develop a PCT a shooting calculator that will facilitate the work of the calculator within a PCT, since the main task of having such a tool is to make whole shooting process more efficient by getting the Shooting Elements as quickly as possible and being able to commit to the objectives as quickly as possible. Also review and create knowledge in the development of this type of software so that in the future it is possible to improve and adapt its functionalities for operational employments. As for the method used, it was the Engineering design process, this method was used because it refers to the development of products based on requirements, using questionnaires with end users, in which these arise from the need for someone to want a problem to be solved in a effective and faster way. The work is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the theme. The second chapter refers to the State of the Art and is a review of the literature on the themes related to the development of the calculator. The third chapter refers to the method used for the development of the work. The fourth chapter refers to how the data collection process was carried out. The fifth chapter briefly demonstrates the computational work performed, both in Excel and in VBA code. The sixth chapter is the demonstration of the results, which turns out to be a comparison between the manual calculation and the difference that is to make that same calculation in the calculator. The conclusions and recommendations thus end with the seventh chapter. It is concluded that the most important requirements of a shooting calculator are the speed of calculation and the availability of all shooting features and that there are several ways to achieve these requirements, either at the level of the method used, that in the present case was based on the TTNs, or at the level where the program is developed and the language used to program.
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Tsai, Cheng-Feng, and 蔡承峰. "Optimized Multipath Routing in OBS Networks." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n79twu.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系所
100
OBS architectures without buffering abilities are sensitive to burst congestion. The burst congestion usually occurs at few links which are used frequently. Adequate burst routing could alleviate the phenomenon of severe burst contention. Multipath routing strategies further use extra paths for traffic transmission to moderate burst contention. In this paper, we focus on providing a multipath routing strategy to reduce burst contention by balancing the link usage. Our strategy also takes link failure into account. We develop a framework based on genetic algorithm to moderate link utilization by generating two link-disjoint paths for each source-destination pair. We also propose a method of wavelength assignment by distinguishing short paths and long paths and address the problem that a long path may incur high burst loss probability. The proposed methods significantly improve performance by decreasing burst loss probability in an OBS network.
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Hsu, Ti-Ju, and 許棣如. "Service pathways discuss in OBS/GYN sonography." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42914972305430579142.
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碩士國立中山大學
醫務管理研究所
94
Nowadays, the hospital managers are facing increasing financial difficulties, because of the global budget policy from the national health institute. Patient-oriented services, good manner of the care providers, and the rapid response of the hospital to the medical environment are among the important factors for hospital survival. Therefore, many medical care providers had designed the clinical pathway for standardized medical treatment to control the medical costs, but they also allowed some extra-services for attracting and recruiting more patients. In this study, by way of participating management and job enrichment, we try to improve the quality and the patient satisfaction of the pelvic sonography provided by Obs/Gyn department. The study was proceeded in 2 ways. First, we designed a standardized obstetrical and gynecological sonography service pathway, which include a standard flow chart, customer encounter, and a checklist. Second, we measured the total service time duration, including those of pre-service consultation, actual sonography performing, and the post-service consultation. The measurements were performed before and after the application of the standardized sonography pathway. The measurement results were used to analyze and evaluate the validity and efficiency of the originally designed pathway. The study results demonstrate that after application of the sonography pathway, the total service time duration is reduced in Gyn sonography, but increased in Obs sonography. For Gyn sonography, the duration of pre-service consultation and post-service consultation were significantly reduced after application of standardized pathway. Further analysis revealed that thorough pre-service consultation not only made our patients more comfortable, but also reduced the post-service consultation time. However, the actual sonography performing time was increased, because of the adding of the standardized conversation. For obstetrical sonography, the duration of the actual sonography performing time was decreased, possibly due to the adding of standardized conversation, which answered most of the questions that the pregnant patients want to know about. In conclusion, by way of establishment and repeated reassessment/correction of the standardized sonography pathway, the quality of the sonography services can be greatly improved, and the patient’s satisfaction can be even greater. The same experience can be applied to other fields. The quality of medical care can be more stable by the application of standardized clinical pathway. Besides, through the efforts of quality control, the medical cost can be limited, and the financial burden of the hospital and medical care providers can be reduced, making a double-win medical environment. Key Word: service pathways,total service, Obs/Gyn sonography
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Gomba, Ndadzibaya Masimba. "Contention and congestion minimization in OBS networks." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2465.
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Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Masters in Engineering Degree: Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.All-optical networks (AON) based optical burst switching (OBS) promise to be the ultimate backbone network technology solution for next generation( NG) as well as fu ture generation (FG)networks because of their relatively higher resources utilization, great flexibility at lower cost and potential massive bandwidth capacities both at trans mission and switching levels. By design, buffering is not provisioned in interior nodes. End users exchange data with one another through end-to-end light channels, called lightpaths in which wavelength continuity is maintained. In practice, their establish ing, in a cost effective manner remains an inescapable challenge. The routing and wave length assignment (RWA) problem entices successful establishment of a physical route for each lightpath connection request, assigning a wavelength to each route and at the same time ensm·ing end to end continuity, subject to the limited number of wave lengths. The wavelengths must be assigned such that no lightpaths can share the same wavelength simultaneously on a given fibre, or else contentions may occur. Some data bursts may be discarded whenever contention occurs among multiple bursts that arrive simultaneously at any interior node using the same wavelength and are intended for the same output port. Because of the buffer-less nature of OBS networks, conten tion/congestion in the core network can quickly lead to degradation in overall network performance at moderate to high traffic levels due to heavy burst loses. In this disser tation we propose and evaluate a congestion management approach we refer to as '"en hanced congestion management" which gears towards rendering and guaranteeing a consistent QoS as well as rational and fair use of available network links. Simulation results show that the scheme can effectively minimize both contention and congestion and at the same time improving both throughput and effective utilization under mod erate to high network traffic loads
M
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Limaiem, Heykel. "Maximisation du débit TCP dans les réseaux OBS." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2676/1/M11277.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Les réseaux optiques ont connu une émergence importante dans le domaine des télécommunications, et ceci grâce à leur bande passante offerte. Actuellement, la technique la plus prometteuse est la commutation optique de rafales (OBS). D'une part, OBS permet une meilIeure exploitation de la bande passante, tout en ayant un degré de complexité inférieur à OPS (Optical Packet Switching), d'autre part, OBS offre une gestion des ressources beaucoup plus efficace, comparée à OCS (Optical Circuit Switching). Plusieurs études ont démontré que le mécanisme « load-balancing » permet d'équilibrer le trafic à travers les différents noeuds, réduisant ainsi la probabilité de congestion dans les réseaux OBS. Cependant, l'utilisation du « load-balancing » a mis en évidence d'autres problèmes, particulièrement au niveau de la couche TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). De là,
« Source-ordering » a été proposé comme solution pour améliorer les performances de TCP, en effectuant l'ordonnancement des rafales au niveau des sources.
Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons d'étudier et d'approfondir le mécanisme du « load-balancing » afin de maximiser le débit TCP. Notre défi consiste a trouver un concept permettant d'éviter la réception en désordre des segments IP, au niveau de la couche TCP, et par conséquent à réduire le nombre de FTOs (False Time Out) et de FFRs (False Fast Retransmit). Nous avons implémenté une nouvelle technique basée sur le mécanisme de résolution de contention proactive « load-balancing » qu'on a appelée
« ordonnancement à la destination ». Les résultats obtenus montrent une amélioration importante du débit TCP lors de l'emploi du mécanisme d'ordonnancement à la destination. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Maximisation du débit TCP, OBS, TCP, Rafale, Résolution de contention, Mécanisme proactif, Chemins alternatifs, Equilibrage de charge.
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Lin, He-Jyun, and 林和儁. "Utility-based Fuzzy Wavelength Assignment in OBS Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57290658417572673137.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程系所
97
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising technology that exploits the benefits of optical communication and supports statistical multiplexing of data traffic at a fine granularity making it a suitable technology for the all optical network. The characteristic of the OBS is using the control bursts (CBs) and the offset time mechanism to make bandwidth reservations without ACKs. Although the characteristic of OBS can help improve utilization, contention among the data bursts (DBs) that arrive simultaneously at a core node leads to burst loss and low throughput. Development of efficient algorithms for wavelength assignment is crucial to utilize wavelengths more efficiently so that we can improve the throughput in OBS networks. In this paper, we will propose the utility-based fuzzy wavelength assignment (UFWA) to improve the throughput in the OBS network by introducing the four factors, including preemption index, the used length of the FDL, void, and utilization and using the combination of the utility function and the fuzzy logic system. Moreover, the proposed UFWA can support quality-of-Service (QoS) between different traffic types, while the QoS is also the main issue in the OBS network.
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Su, Yi-hsuan, and 蘇怡璇. "Seismotectonic structures offshore Northeast Taiwan from OBS data." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24219646457459018559.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
地球科學學系
102
The NW moving Philippine Sea plate (PSP) collides with the Eurasian plate (EUP) near Taiwan. Simultaneously, it subducts toward the north along the Ryukyu trench at a rate of about 8.2 cm/yr in the direction of ~312˚N and produces a series of major subducting structures. The western termination of the Ryukyu subduction zones hit against eastern Taiwan. In such a complex tectonic environment, a large number of seismic activities is expected. However, restricted by the seismic station distribution, the seismotectonic setting of this area is still not well understood. To obtain more information about the submarine tectonic structures offshore eastern Taiwan, we combined the data from 15 OBSs as well as 11 CWB (Central Weather Bureau) onland stations for more detail earthquakes analysis. The 15 OBSs were deployed during the ATSEE2011 (Across Taiwan-Strait Explosion Experiment) project, from August 15 to September 7, 2011, in the eastern offshore Ilan plain, including the area of the forearc basin, Ryukyu arc and Okinawa trough. Seismic events were detected manually with the Antelope software and the global velocity model iasp91was used for the initial localization. In total, 1058 events with a depth range of 0~125 km and magnitude range (Md) of 1.66~5.22 were located. However, a 1-D seismic velocity model is not sufficiently accurate for a precise hypocenter determination. Thus, the HypoDD software was used for the earthquake relocation. Finally, 443 events were relocated during a recording period of about 23 days. Results show that the relocated earthquakes were concentrated mainly in three clusters. The first cluster is located to the south of Ilan plain (about 24.5N, 121.9E), at the boundary of Taiwan and the PSP. The earthquakes located in this cluster possess a relatively larger depth (~10 to 60 km) compared to the other two clusters. Located at the transition zone of the collision, subduction and backarc extension processes, this area has high and complex seismicity activity. In this region, two south-dipping seismic cluster were observed. The earthquakes is characterized by sinistral strike-slip faultings at shallow depth but becomes to be dominated by lateral compression mechanism at depth between 20~35 km. Another seismic cluster shows a westward dipping distribution which reveals the westward subduction of the PSP. The second cluster occurs in the forearc basin area between 5 and 40 km in depth. According to the former studies, this area is affected simultaneously by both trench-parallel extension and trench-perpendicular compression. Most earthquakes in this region occur along the plate interface, characterized by low-angle thrusting effect. However some normal faulting type earthquakes are generated by local asperity subducting effect. The last earthquake cluster is located at the Okinawa trough, with a depth range of 5 to 30 km. Earthquakes in this region are generally caused by the backarc volcanism and series of normal faults in consequence of extension of the back-arc basin opening. Some earthquakes located at the area of Cross Backarc Volcanic Trail (CBVT) are characterized by low-frequency waveforms, suggesting their volcanic origin. Much more events were recorded by our OBS network in comparison with existing seismic networks, which help to get more understandings about the tectonic environment in the northeastern offshore Taiwan.
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CORREIA, BRUNO FILIPE PEREIRA. "Programa de cálculo da balística externa para o obus M114A1 155mm/23." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/33530.
Full textAbstract:
O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada é subordinado ao tema “Programa de Cálculo da Balística Externa para o Obus M114A1 155mm/23”. O objetivo geral desta investigação é o desenvolvimento de uma calculadora de tiro que permita apoiar de forma automática o trabalho do calculador do Posto Central de Tiro na execução de todas as técnicas de tiro previstas no regulamento de tiro. Com vista a alcançar este objetivo foram estabelecidos quatro objetivos específicos. Primeiro, o de criar uma calculadora de tiro para o Obus M114 A1 155mm/23 que permita executar as técnicas de tiro previstas no regulamento de tiro de Artilharia de Campanha. Depois, estender as suas funcionalidades para o seu emprego com o obus M119 105mm LG/30/m98. Posteriormente, construir a estrutura visual da calculadora de forma a que esta apresente semelhança com a existente nos impressos de tiro utilizados no cálculo manual. Por último, validar a calculadora em ambiente virtual, com o software de modelação e simulação balística Projectile Design/Analysis System, e em ambiente operacional, de exercício de fogos reais. Para além destes objetivos inicialmente propostos, surgiu um novo objetivo que não estava previsto, que foi o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação que fosse capaz de substituir a Prancheta de Tiro Topográfica e a sua inclusão no trabalho. Relativamente ao método utilizado para a realização deste trabalho, foi escolhido o processo de product design de engenharia, pois os produtos desenvolvidos por este resultam da necessidade de alguém querer que um problema seja resolvido de forma mais célere ou eficiente, como é o caso da calculadora em questão. Foi feito um enquadramento teórico, focando essencialmente dois pontos, o Tiro de Artilharia de Campanha e a balística externa. Os dados recolhidos nesta investigação foram obtidos ao utilizar a calculadora num exercício de fogos reais que teve a duração de dois dias, onde se realizaram quatro missões de tiro distintas. A análise aos resultados obtidos permitiu concluir que a determinação dos Elementos Topográficos na calculadora traz um maior grau de precisão do que a sua determinação pelo método manual, o que por sua vez garante mais precisão no cálculo dos Elementos de Tiro
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Bromirski, Peter D. "Sediment shear Q from horizontal component airgun OBS data." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9857.
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Tong, Show Ping, and 湯紹平. "The Relationship between OBS and Capital : an empirical study." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66382907955842724839.
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Lai, Miao-chang, and 賴妙嫦. "An OBS Experiment of Earthquake Observation Offshore Northeastern Taiwan." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17434863105088788478.
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Gonçalves, Filipa Daniela Gomes. "Liposome-OBP conjugates for odour reduction and fragance release." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/75192.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e BiológicaA atividade diária e o exercício físico são responsáveis pela produção de odores corporais desagradáveis que podem causar ansiedade e embaraço social. A procura de novas soluções que previnam o desenvolvimento desses odores é atualmente objeto de interesse para as indústrias da cosmética e têxtil. Nos mamíferos, as proteínas de ligação a odores (OBPs) são responsáveis pelo transporte de moléculas odoríferas do muco nasal aos recetores olfativos. As OBPs são proteínas extracelulares com uma estrutura robusta e estável em barril β, com grande capacidade para ligar a diferentes ligandos. Estas características têm sido foco de diferentes trabalhos de modo a compreender os mecanismos inerentes à sua função na natureza e a desenvolver aplicações biotecnológicas avançadas. Os resultados levaram-nos a estudar as OBPs como uma solução elegante para prevenir e/ou remover odores desagradáveis dos têxteis, através da captura de odores e libertação controlada de fragrâncias. Inicialmente, a OBP de porco (pOBP) foi fundida com três péptidos de penetração celular (CPPs). Estas proteínas (OBP::CPPs), em conjunto com lipossomas, foram usadas como transportadores e reservatórios num sistema avançado de captura de moléculas odoríferas. A pOBP foi também fundida com o péptido SP-DS3, com e sem o espaçador GQ20 para a ancoragem na membrana lipídica de lipossomas. A transdução/captura de 1-aminoanthraceno (1- AMA, ligando modelo fluorescente) para o interior dos lipossomas revelou ser dependente da proximidade da proteína à membrana lipídica. Estes trabalhos permitiram o desenvolvimento de dispositivos para a encapsulação de fragrâncias e captura de odores pelos lipossomas. Outras proteínas, a OBP truncada com as mutações F44A e F66A, e a OBP::GQ20::SP-DS3, apresentaram uma afinidade ao 1-AMA diferenciada e dependente da temperatura Recentemente, foi desenvolvido um “têxtil inteligente” pela funcionalização do tecido com OBP::GQ20::CBM (OBP fundida com o espaçador GQ20 e um módulo de ligação a carbohidratos). O têxtil funcionalizado revelou capacidade de libertação controlada de fragrâncias em resposta à transpiração (suor).
The daily activity and physical exercise are responsible for the generation of unpleasant body odors that may cause social unrest and embarrassment. The search for new solutions to prevent the development of these odors is nowadays a subject with great interest for cosmetic and textiles industries. In mammals, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are responsible to transport odorant molecules across the aqueous nasal mucus until the olfactory receptors (ORs). OBPs are small extracellular proteins with a robust and stable three-dimensional structure in β-barrel with great ability to bind differentiated ligand molecules which has driven the research to understand the mechanisms underlying the OBP function in nature and the development of advanced biotechnological applications. These features inspired us to study OBPs as an elegant solution to prevent and/or remove unpleasant odors from textiles, by the entrapment of odors and the controlled release of fragrances. Firstly, porcine OBP (pOBP) was fused with three cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). A new methodology using liposomes as reservoirs and OBP::CPPs as carriers was developed as an advanced system to capture odorant molecules. pOBP was also fused with an anchor peptide (SP-DS3), without and with a spacer GQ20, and the liposomes were produced anchoring these new fusion proteins in the lipid membrane. The transduction of 1-aminoanthracene (1-AMA, a fluorescent ligand model) into the liposomes revealed to be driven by the proximity of the protein to the liposomal membrane. Both works showed the development of an efficient device for the encapsulation of fragrances or capture of unpleasant odors inside of the liposomes. Other two proteins, truncated OBP with mutation F44A and F66A, and OBP::GQ20::SP-DS3 presented differentiated 1-AMA binding behavior depending on the temperature. Further a smart fabric was developed by functionalization with OBP::GQ20::CBM (OBP fused with a spacer GQ20 and a carbohydrate-binding module). The functionalized fabric exhibited controlled release of fragrances triggered by perspiration (sweat).
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)