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Journal articles on the topic "OBPs"
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Du, Yuzhe, and Jian Chen. "The Odorant Binding Protein, SiOBP5, Mediates Alarm Pheromone Olfactory Recognition in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111595.
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Olfaction is crucial in mediating various behaviors of social insects such as red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Olfactory receptor (OR) complexes consist of odor-specific ORs and OR co-receptors (Orco). Orcos are highly conserved across insect taxa and are widely co-expressed with ORs. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) can transport semiochemicals to ORs as protein carriers and thus constitute the first molecular recognition step in insect olfaction. In this study, three OBP genes highly expressed in S. invicta antenna, OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco were partially silenced using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi SiOBP5- and Orco-injected ants showed significantly lower EAG (electroantennography) responses to fire ant alarm pheromones and the alkaloid, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine than water- or GFP-injected ants 72 h post injection. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of the OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco significantly decreased 72 h after ants were injected with dsRNAs; however, there were no transcript level or EAG changes in ants fed dsRNAs. Our results suggest that S. invicta Orco and SiOBP5 are crucial to fire ants for their responses to alarm pheromones. RNAi knocking down SiOBP5 can significantly disrupt alarm pheromone communication, suggesting that disrupting SiOBP5 and Orcos could be potentially useful in the management of red imported fire ants.
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Ju, Qian, Ming-jing Qu, Ying Wang, Xiao-jing Jiang, Xiao Li, Shuang-lin Dong, and Zhao-jun Han. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela." Genome 55, no. 7 (July 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-042.
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The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, is an economically important pest worldwide. Odorant-based lures and traps are being developed as a key kind of alternative control measures for this pest, and studies to reveal the mechanisms for chemotaxis in this pest are necessary. Two full-length cDNAs encoding different odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were cloned. The predicted proteins were found to have the functional domains characteristic of typical OBPs and share a high degree of sequence similarity with OBP1 and OBP2 from other insects and were therefore designated as H. parallela OBP-1 and H. parallela OBP-2 (HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2, respectively). These two OBPs were specifically expressed in antennae. The binding affinity of two purified proteins indicated that HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2 could selectively interact with various volatiles emitted from host plants and pheromone components. Among the 10 chemicals tested, HparOBP-1 could bind to six of the tested compounds with a dissociation concentration (Ki) less than 20, and HparOBP-2 could bind to three of the compounds. The two OBPs are probably involved in chemotaxis of the dark black chafer. This discovery should accelerate research on chemical communications of this pest, which could potentially lead to the improvement of control measures based on lures and traps.
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Li, Li, Dewer, Qu, Yang, Tian, and Luo. "Discrimination of Oviposition Deterrent Volatile β-Ionone by Odorant-Binding Proteins 1 and 4 in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100563.
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: The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is an important invasive economic pest of agricultural crops worldwide. β-ionone has a significant oviposition repellent effect against B. tabaci, but the olfactory molecular mechanism of this insect for recognizing β-ionone is unclear. To clarify the binding properties of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) with β-ionone, we performed gene cloning, evolution analysis, bacterial expression, fluorescence competitive binding assay, and molecular docking to study the binding function of OBP1 and OBP4 on β-ionone. The results showed that after the OBP1 and OBP4 proteins were recombined, the compound β-ionone exhibited a reduction in the fluorescence binding affinity to <50%, with a dissociation constant of 5.15 and 3.62 μM for OBP1 and OBP4, respectively. Our data indicate that β-ionone has high affinity for OBP1 and OBP4, which play a crucial role in the identification of oviposition sites in B. tabaci. The findings of this study suggest that whiteflies employ β-ionone compound in the selection of the suitable egg-laying sites on host plants during the oviposition behavior.
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RAMONI, Roberto, Florence VINCENT, Alison E. ASHCROFT, Paolo ACCORNERO, Stefano GROLLI, Christel VALENCIA, Mariella TEGONI, and Christian CAMBILLAU. "Control of domain swapping in bovine odorant-binding protein." Biochemical Journal 365, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20011631.
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As revealed by the X-ray structure, bovine odorant-binding protein (OBPb) is a domain swapped dimer [Tegoni, Ramoni, Bignetti, Spinelli and Cambillau (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 863–867; Bianchet, Bains, Petosi, Pevsner, Snyder, Monaco and Amzel (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 934–939]. This contrasts with all known mammalian OBPs, which are monomers, and in particular with porcine OBP (OBPp), sharing 42.3% identity with OBPb. By the mechanism of domain swapping, monomers are proposed to evolve into dimers and oligomers, as observed in human prion. Comparison of bovine and porcine OBP sequences pointed at OBPp glycine 121, in the hinge linking the β-barrel to the α-helix. The absence of this residue in OBPb might explain why the normal lipocalin β-turn is not formed. In order to decipher the domain swapping determinants we have produced a mutant of OBPb in which a glycine residue was inserted after position 121, and a mutant of OBPp in which glycine 121 was deleted. The latter mutation did not result in dimerization, while OBPb-121Gly+ became monomeric, suggesting that domain swapping was reversed. Careful structural analysis revealed that besides the presence of a glycine in the hinge, the dimer interface formed by the C-termini and by the presence of the lipocalins conserved disulphide bridge may also control domain swapping.
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Zhu, Jiao, Giovanni Renzone, Simona Arena, Francesca Romana Dani, Harald Paulsen, Wolfgang Knoll, Christian Cambillau, Andrea Scaloni, and Paolo Pelosi. "The Odorant-Binding Proteins of the Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136828.
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Spider mites are one of the major agricultural pests, feeding on a large variety of plants. As a contribution to understanding chemical communication in these arthropods, we have characterized a recently discovered class of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in Tetranychus urticae. As in other species of Chelicerata, the four OBPs of T. urticae contain six conserved cysteines paired in a pattern (C1–C6, C2–C3, C4–C5) differing from that of insect counterparts (C1–C3, C2–C5, C4–C6). Proteomic analysis uncovered a second family of OBPs, including twelve members that are likely to be unique to T. urticae. A three-dimensional model of TurtOBP1, built on the recent X-ray structure of Varroa destructor OBP1, shows protein folding different from that of insect OBPs, although with some common features. Ligand-binding experiments indicated some affinity to coniferyl aldehyde, but specific ligands may still need to be found among very large molecules, as suggested by the size of the binding pocket.
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Zafar, Zeeshan, Sidra Fatima, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Farooq A. Shah, Zack Saud, and Tariq M. Butt. "Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) and Odorant Receptors (ORs) of Anopheles stephensi: Identification and comparative insights." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): e0265896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265896.
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Anopheles stephensi is an important vector of malaria in the South Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Africa. The olfactory system of An. stephensi plays an important role in host-seeking, oviposition, and feeding. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are globular proteins that play a pivotal role in insect olfaction by transporting semiochemicals through the sensillum lymph to odorant receptors (ORs). Custom motifs designed from annotated OBPs of Aedes aegypti, Drosophila melanogaster, and Anopheles gambiae were used for the identification of putative OBPs from protein sequences of the An. stephensi Indian strain. Further, BLASTp was also performed to identify missing OBPs and ORs. Subsequently, the presence of domains common to OBPs was confirmed. Identified OBPs were further classified into three sub-classes. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were carried out to find homology, and thus the evolutionary relationship between An. stephensi OBPs and ORs with those of An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster. Gene structure and physicochemical properties of the OBPs and ORs were also predicted. A total of 44 OBPs and 45 ORs were predicted from the protein sequences of An. stephensi. OBPs were further classified into the classic (27), atypical (10) and plus-C (7) OBP subclasses. The phylogeny revealed close relationship of An. stephensi OBPs and ORs with An. gambiae homologs whereas only five OBPs and two ORs of An. stephensi were related to Ae. aegypti OBPs and ORs, respectively. However, D. melanogaster OBPs and ORs were distantly rooted. Synteny analyses showed the presence of collinear block between the OBPs and ORs of An. stephensi and An. gambiae as well as Ae. aegypti’s. No homology was found with D. melanogaster OBPs and ORs. As an important component of the olfactory system, correctly identifying a species’ OBPs and ORs provide a valuable resource for downstream translational research that will ultimately aim to better control the malaria vector An. stephensi.
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Dong, Yonghao, Tong Li, Jin Liu, Meixue Sun, Xingyu Chen, Yongjie Liu, and Pengjun Xu. "Sex- and stage-dependent expression patterns of odorant-binding and chemosensory protein genes in Spodoptera exempta." PeerJ 9 (September 13, 2021): e12132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12132.
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As potential molecular targets for developing novel pest management strategies, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been considered to initiate odor recognition in insects. Herein, we investigated the OBPs and CSPs in a major global crop pest (Spodoptera exempta). Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 40 OBPs and 33 CSPs in S. exempta, among which 35 OBPs and 29 CSPs had intact open reading frames. Sequence alignment indicated that 30 OBPs and 23 CSPs completely contained the conserved cysteines. OBPs of lepidopteran insects usually belonged to classical, minus-C, and plus-C groups. However, phylogenetic analyses indicated that we only identified 28 classical and seven minus-C OBPs in S. exempta, suggesting that we might have missed some typical OBPs in lepidopteran insects, probably due to their low expression levels. All of the CSPs from S. exempta clustered with the orthologs of other moths. The identification and expression of the OBPs and CSPs were well studied in insect adults by transcriptional analyses, and herein we used samples at different stages to determine the expression of OBPs and CSPs in S. exempta. Interestingly, our data indicated that several OBPs and CSPs were especially or more highly expressed in larvae or pupae than other stages, including three exclusively (SexeOBP13, SexeOBP16 and SexeCSP23) and six more highly (SexeOBP15, SexeOBP37, SexeCSP4, SexeCSP8, SexeCSP19, and SexeCSP33) expressed in larvae, two exclusively (SexeCSP6 and SexeCSP20) and three more highly (SexeOBP18, SexeCSP17, and SexeCSP26) expressed in pupae. Usually, OBPs and CSPs had both male- and female-biased expression patterns in adult antennae. However, our whole-body data indicated that all highly expressed OBPs and CSPs in adults were male-biased or did not differ, suggesting diverse OBP and CSP functions in insect adults. Besides identifying OBPs and CSPs as well as their expression patterns, these results provide a molecular basis to facilitate functional studies of OBPs and CSPs for exploring novel management strategies to control S. exempta.
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Rihani, Karen, Jean-François Ferveur, and Loïc Briand. "The 40-Year Mystery of Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040509.
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The survival of insects depends on their ability to detect molecules present in their environment. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) form a family of proteins involved in chemoreception. While OBPs were initially found in olfactory appendages, recently these proteins were discovered in other chemosensory and non-chemosensory organs. OBPs can bind, solubilize and transport hydrophobic stimuli to chemoreceptors across the aqueous sensilla lymph. In addition to this broadly accepted “transporter role”, OBPs can also buffer sudden changes in odorant levels and are involved in hygro-reception. The physiological roles of OBPs expressed in other body tissues, such as mouthparts, pheromone glands, reproductive organs, digestive tract and venom glands, remain to be investigated. This review provides an updated panorama on the varied structural aspects, binding properties, tissue expression and functional roles of insect OBPs.
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Shi, Xiao-Bin, Xue-Zhong Wang, De-Yong Zhang, Zhan-Hong Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Ju’E Cheng, Li-Min Zheng, Xu-Guo Zhou, Xin-Qiu Tan, and Yong Liu. "Silencing of Odorant-Binding Protein Gene OBP3 Using RNA Interference Reduced Virus Transmission of Tomato Chlorosis Virus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204969.
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Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is widespread, seriously impacting tomato production throughout the world. ToCV is semi-persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Currently, insect olfaction is being studied to develop novel pest control technologies to effectively control B. tabaci and whitefly-borne virus diseases. Despite current research efforts, no report has been published on the role of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insect preference under the influence of plant virus. Our previous research showed that viruliferous B. tabaci preferred healthy plants at 48 h after virus acquisition. In this study, we determined the effect of OBPs on the host preference interactions of ToCV and whiteflies. Our results show that with the increase in acquisition time, the OBP gene expressions changed differently, and the OBP3 gene expression showed a trend of first rising and then falling, and reached the maximum at 48 h. These results indicate that OBP3 may participate in the host preference of viruliferous whiteflies to healthy plants. When the expression of the OBP3 gene was knocked down by an RNA interference (RNAi) technique, viruliferous Mediterranean (MED) showed no preference and the ToCV transmission rate was reduced by 83.3%. We conclude that OBP3 is involved in the detection of plant volatiles by viruliferous MED. Our results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for clarifying the transmission mechanism of ToCV by B. tabaci and could provide new avenues for controlling this plant virus and its vectors.
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Tzotzos, George. "A Comparative Evaluation of the Structural and Dynamic Properties of Insect Odorant Binding Proteins." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020282.
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Insects devote a major part of their metabolic resources to the production of odorant binding proteins (OBPs). Although initially, these proteins were implicated in the solubilisation, binding and transport of semiochemicals to olfactory receptors, it is now recognised that they may play diverse, as yet uncharacterised, roles in insect physiology. The structures of these OBPs, the majority of which are known as “classical” OBPs, have shed some light on their potential functional roles. However, the dynamic properties of these proteins have received little attention despite their functional importance. Structural dynamics are encoded in the native protein fold and enable the adaptation of proteins to substrate binding. This paper provides a comparative review of the structural and dynamic properties of OBPs, making use of sequence/structure analysis, statistical and theoretical physics-based methods. It provides a new layer of information and additional methodological tools useful in unravelling the relationship between structure, dynamics and function of insect OBPs. The dynamic properties of OBPs, studied by means of elastic network models, reflect the similarities/dissimilarities observed in their respective structures and provides insights regarding protein motions that may have important implications for ligand recognition and binding. Furthermore, it was shown that the OBPs studied in this paper share conserved structural ‘core’ that may be of evolutionary and functional importance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "OBPs"
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Rihani, Karen. "Role of odorant-binding proteins in Drosophila melanogaster chemosensory perception." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK044.
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La perception des signaux chimiques de l’environnement est un processus nécessaire aux interactions sociales entre les animaux. La Drosophile détecte les molécules odorantes et sapides grâce à ses systèmes gustatif et olfactif impliquant plusieurs familles multigèniques de chimiorécepteurs. Ainsi, ces composés chimiques pénétrant dans l'organe sensoriel (sensille) doivent être solubilisés avant d'être transportés à travers la lymphe sensillaire hydrophile baignant les dendrites des neurones chimiosensoriels. Ces événements périrecepteurs font intervenir plusieurs familles de protéines solubles parmi lesquelles se trouvent les odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Si les OBPs ont été initialement identifiées dans les sensilles olfactives, certaines sont également exprimées dans les sensilles gustatives. La fonction physiologique des OBPs est encore peu connue mais certaines études révèlent que ces protéines agissent comme transporteurs de molécules lipophiles. Les affinités relativement faibles des OBPs pour les odorants ainsi que leur abondance dans la lymphe sensillaire suggèrent que ces protéines peuvent se lier, solubiliser et transporter des molécules hydrophobes jusqu’aux chimiorécepteurs en traversant la lymphe sensillaire hydrophile. De nouveaux rôles ont été attribués aux OBPs, et en particulier leur capacité à «tamponner» des changements soudains de concentrations d'odorants et leur implication dans la détection de l’humidité. Récemment, l’OBP49a exprimée dans les sensilles gustatives, a été montrée comme étant impliquée dans la détection de certains composés amers. Comme le rôle pérircepteur des OBPs reste encore très peu compris, l'objectif de mon projet de thèse a consisté à clarifier l'implication de certaines OBPs dans l'odorat et le goût chez Drosophila melanogaster. Ma thèse a d’abord consisté à mesurer le rôle des OBPs dans la perception des composés alimentaires chez les adultes D. melanogaster. Les OBPs exprimées dans les appendices gustatifs ont été identifiées par q-PCR et produites en utilisant un système d'expression hétérologue, la levure. Les propriétés de liaison des OBPs recombinantes purifiées ont ensuite été testées pour leur capacité à lier de nombreux ligands potentiels. L’OBP19b est capable de lier certains acides aminés. La cartographie des sensilles et des cellules exprimant l’OBP19b révèle que cette protéine est uniquement exprimée dans certaines cellules accessoires de sensilles précises du labellum. L’OBP19b a été aussi localisée dans le tube digestif et dans certains organes reproducteurs. La comparaison des réponses comportementales et électrophysiologiques sensillaires des mouches témoins et des mouches transgéniques a confirmé que l’OBP19b est impliquée dans la détection de certains acides aminés. De plus, la comparaison des séquences protéique a révélé sa relativement haute conservation au sein des espèces de Drosophilidae et même entre Diptères, ce qui suggère qu’elle joue un rôle crucial vis-à-vis de la recherche de nutriments chez ce groupe d’espèces. J’ai ensuite étudié le rôle de l’OBP28a dans l’olfaction. Cette OBP, l’une des plus abondante dans les antennes de Drosophile, a été montrée importante pour tamponner les variations soudaines de concentrations d'odorants. Des études structurales, génétiques, biochimiques, comportementales et électrophysiologiques ont été réalisées en collaboration avec les membres de l’équipe. L’OBP28a a d'abord été exprimée puis purifiée et sa structure 3D a été résolue. L'étude de ses propriétés de liaison a révélé la capacité de l'OBP28a à se lier à des composés floraux tels que la β-ionone. Les mesures comportementales et électrophysiologiques ont confirmé son rôle physiologique dans la détection de la β-ionone. En conclusion, ma thèse de doctorat met en évidence les rôles nouveaux de deux OBPs dans la chimioréception: l’OBP28a est impliquée dans le détection de molécules florales alors que l’OBP19b est nécessaire pour détecter certains acides aminésChemoperception is used by animals to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic compounds. It also allows animals to identify suitable ecological niche and mating partners. Like many other insects, Drosophila melanogaster possesses a very sensitive chemosensory ability and can detect and discriminate a wide panel of semiochemicals. Chemosensory detection is mostly mediated by olfactory and gustatory systems involving several multigene chemoreceptor families. Volatile and non-volatile chemical compounds entering the sensory organ (sensillum) must be solubilized before being transported through the hydrophilic sensillum lymph bathing the dendrites of chemosensory neurons. These perireceptor events involve a family of soluble proteins named odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Despite the fact that OBPs were initially found in olfactory sensilla, some OBPs are also expressed in gustatory sensilla. While their physiological roles in olfaction and gustation remain unclear, many studies suggest that OBPs transport lipophilic chemicals. The relatively low affinity of OBPs for odorants and their high abundance in the sensillum lymph both suggest that OBPs can bind, solubilize and transport hydrophobic stimuli to the chemoreceptors across the aqueous sensilla lymph. In addition to this broadly accepted “transporter role” hypothesis, OBPs have also been proposed to buffer sudden changes in odorant levels and to be involved in hygroreception. The role of OBP49a was recently shown in taste: this OBP, expressed in the gustatory system, is required to detect some bitter compounds. However, the role of OBPs in perireceptor events remains largely unknown. The main goal of my thesis project consisted to investigate the involvement of OBPs in the smell and taste sensory modalities using a multi-faceted approach in Drosophila melanogaster.My first research axis consisted to better understand the role of OBPs in the perception of food compounds by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches of OBPs expressed in the gustatory appendages of D. melanogaster adults. After identifying by q-PCR the OBPs expressed in gustatory appendages, we produced them using a heterologous yeast expression system. Then, the binding properties of the recombinant purified OBP were investigated. Our binding assay screen revealed that the taste-expressed OBP19b is able to bind some amino acids. The expression of OBP19b was mapped in specific accessory cells in a subset of proboscis sensilla. This OBP was also expressed in the digestive tract and in some internal reproductive organs. The comparison of behavioural and single-taste sensilla responses between transgenic variants and control flies supported our finding that OBP19b is indeed involved in the detection of some amino acids. Finally, the comparison between various dipteran insects of the OBP19b-like protein coding sequence indicates the relatively high conservation of this protein suggesting its critical role in food search.The second research axis of my PhD thesis focused on the olfactory role of OBP28a. OBP28a was previously shown to be highly expressed in the Drosophila antennae and proposed to buffer quantitative odour variations. To better understand the physiological role of this OBP, and in collaboration with different members of the team, we used structural, genetic, biochemical, behavioural and electrophysiological methods to better understand the role of this OBP. OBP28a was first heterologously expressed and purified. The folding of OBP28a was then determined and the protein was crystallized. The study of the binding properties of OBP28a revealed that it can bind floral compounds such as β-ionone. Behavioural and electrophysiological recordings supported the physiological role of OBP28a in β-ionone detection. In summary, this PhD thesis reveals novel roles of two OBPs in perireceptor chemoreception: OBP28a in the detection of floral compounds and OBP19b in the detection of some amino acids
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Santana, Isis Bugia. "Modelagem comparativa e triagem virtual hier?rquica para identifica??o de moduladores das OBPs de Lutzomyia Longipalpis." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/441.
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The Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the second most important vector-borne disease in the world, transmitted in the Americas by Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector control is essential for the prevention of the disease. But since it is not possible to identify the oviposition sites, the fight is directed to adult insects, using traps impregnated with chemical attractants. Whereas the Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) act in the first level of odor selection, this work used in silico methodology to identify putative vector olfactory chemical modulators based on the structure of OBPs and known ligands. For this, tridimensional (3D) structure of L. longipalpis OBPs were predicted by three comparative modeling methods. The best model, predicted by I-Tasser, was refined by Molecular Dynamics on Gromacs. Then, in a hierarchical virtual screening approach, natural compounds of ZINC12 closer to the typical OBP ligands in global chemical space, provided by ChemGPS-NP, were evaluated and staggered concerning affinity with the orthosteric site from the OBP, by molecular docking on DOCK6. The compounds were scored by GRIDSCORE, then the 100 best classified were submitted to AMBERSCORE, which took into account the flexibility from both OBP and the docked ligands. The lowest energy conformations interacted with a hydrophobic pocket through residues Met6, Gly10, Glu11, Ala9 Arg14, Leu74, Met53, Phe118, Phe119, Pro120, amino groups and formed ionic interaction with carboxyl of Glu11, Furthermore, Phe119, Asn29 and Gln69 formed hydrogen bonds, this last formed donor and acceptor H-bonds.
A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) ? a segunda doen?a vetorial mais importante do mundo, transmitida nas Am?ricas por Lutzomyia longipalpis, o controle do vetor ? indispens?vel ? preven??o da doen?a. Mas como n?o ? poss?vel identificar onde ocorre a oviposi??o, o combate ? direcionado aos insetos adultos, utilizando armadilhas impregnadas com atrativos qu?micos. Considerando que as Prote?nas Ligadoras de Odor (OBPs) atuam no primeiro n?vel de sele??o dos odores, este trabalho utilizou uma metodologia in silico para identificar potenciais moduladores qu?micos olfativos do vetor baseando-se na estrutura das OBPs e de ligantes conhecidos. Para isso, foram preditas as estruturas tridimensionais (3D) de OBPs de L. longipalpis por tr?s m?todos de modelagem comparativa. O melhor modelo, predito pelo I-Tasser, foi refinado por Din?mica Molecular no Gromacs. Ent?o, numa abordagem hier?rquica da triagem virtual, os compostos naturais do ZINC12 mais pr?ximos dos t?picos ligantes de OBPs no espa?o qu?mico global, fornecido pelo ChemGPS-NP, foram avaliados e escalonados quanto ? afinidade com o s?tio ortost?rico da OBP, pelo acoplamento molecular no DOCK6. Os compostos foram pontuados pelo Gridscore, em seguida, os cem melhores classificados foram submetidos ? pontua??o pelo Amberscore, que levou em conta a flexibilidade tanto da OBP como dos ligantes acoplados. As conforma??es de menor energia interagiram com um bols?o hidrof?bico atrav?s dos res?duos Met6, Ala9, Gly10, Glu11, Arg14, Met53, Leu74, Phe118, Phe119, Pro120; grupamentos amino formaram pontes salinas com a carboxila do Glu11. Al?m disso, os res?duos Phe119, Asn29 e Gln69 formaram liga??es hidrog?nio, sendo que, este ?ltimo res?duo formou liga??es-H aceptoras e doadoras.
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Campanini, Emeline Boni. "Evolução molecular e padrões de expressão de genes da família das proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs) em duas espécies de moscas-das-frutas do grupo Anastrepha fraterculus." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8772.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are of great importance for survival and reproduction since they participate in initial steps of the olfactory signal transduction cascade, solubilizing and transporting chemical signals to the olfactory receptors. A comparative analysis of OBPs between closely related species may help explain how these genes evolve and are maintained under natural selection and how differences in these proteins can affect olfactory responses, and consequently lead to species differentiation. We studied OBP genes in the closely related species Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua, which, albeit generalists, have different host preferences, using transcriptomes and real time quantitative PCR data. We identified 24 different OBP sequences from Anastrepha fraterculus and 25 from A. obliqua, which correspond to 21 Drosophila melanogaster OBP genes. Phylogenetic analysis separated Anastrepha OBPs sequences in four branches that represent four subfamilies: classic, minus-C, plus-C and dimer. We found evidence of positive selection in three classic subfamily genes OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c and in the plus-C subfamily gene OBP50a, and at least one duplication event that preceded the speciation of these two species. Four positively selected sites putatively resulted in radical changes in amino acid properties. Inferences on tertiary structures of putative proteins from these genes revealed that at least one positively selected change involves the binding cavity (the odorant binding region) in the plus-C OBP50a, which is important because changes in the binding cavity could change OBPs specificity. Differential gene expression analysis at different reproductive stages showed that all nine OBP genes tested were significantly differentially expressed between A. fraterculus and A. obliqua at several reproductive profiles, but OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c and both OBP56h paralogs showed the highest differences in expression levels. The results generated in this study indicated that at least seven OBP genes may be involved in the A. fraterculus e A. obliqua differentiation, and in the fraterculus group differentiation as well.
As proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs – odorant-binding proteins) são de grande importância para a sobrevivência e reprodução, pois participam do passo inicial da cascata de transdução dos sinais olfatórios, solubilizando e transportando os sinais químicos (odores e feromônios) até os receptores olfativos. A análise comparativa dos genes OBPs entre espécies próximas pode ajudar na compreensão de como o repertório desses genes é mantido sob seleção natural, além de fornecer informações acerca de como as diferenças observadas podem afetar as respostas olfatórias e, consequentemente, levar à diferenciação dessas espécies. Estudamos genes OBP em duas espécies-irmãs Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha obliqua, as quais têm preferência por diferentes frutos hospedeiros, usando dados de transcriptomas e de PCR quantitativa. Identificamos 24 sequências OBP para A. fraterculus e 25 para A. obliqua, que corresponderam a 21 genes OBP de Drosophila melanogaster. Análises filogenéticas separaram as OBPs de Anastrepha em quatro ramos, que representam quatro subfamílias dessa família gênica: classic, minus-C, plus-C e dimer. Evidências de seleção positiva foram observadas nos genes da subfamília classic OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c, e para o gene da subfamília plus-C OBP50a, e pelo menos um evento de duplicação gênica que precede a especiação dessas duas espécies. Quatro sítios selecionados positivamente resultavam em mudanças radicais nas propriedades dos aminoácidos. Inferências utilizando a estrutura terciária predita para essas OBPs revelaram que pelo menos um desses sítios faz parte da cavidade ligante ao odor de OBP50a, sendo que uma mudança nessa região pode alterar a especificidade de uma OBP. Análises de expressão por PCR quantitativa em diferentes estágios reprodutivos das moscas mostraram que todos os nove genes testados possuíam expressão gênica significativamente diferente entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua para mais de um perfil reprodutivo, sendo que OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c e os dois parálogos OBP56h foram os que mais apresentaram diferenças entre as duas espécies. Todos os resultados gerados pelo presente trabalho indicam que pelo menos sete genes OBP podem estar envolvidos na diferenciação entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua e, potencialmente, na diferenciação do grupo fraterculus.
FAPESP: 2012/17160-8.
CAPES: 99999.004252/2014-04
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Foret, Sylvain, and sylvain foret@anu edu au. "Function and Evolution of Putative Odorant Carriers in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." The Australian National University. Research School of Biological Sciences, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070613.144745.
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The remarkable olfactory power of insect species is thought to be generated by a combinatorial action of G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) and olfactory carriers. Two such carrier gene families are found in insects: the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs). In olfactory sensilla, OBPs and CSPs are believed to deliver hydrophobic air-borne molecules to ORs, but their expression in non-olfactory tissues suggests that they also may function as general carriers in other developmental and physiological processes.
¶
Bioinformatics and experimental approaches were used to characterise the OBP and CSP gene families in a highly social insect, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Comparison with other insects reveals that the honey bee has the smallest set of these genes, consisting of only 21 OBPs and 6 CSPs. These numbers stand in stark contrast to the 66 OBPs and 7 CSPs in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the 46 OBPs and 20 CSPs in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The genes belonging to both families are often organised in clusters, and evolve by lineage specic expansions. Positive selection has been found to play a role in generating a greater sequence diversication in the OBP family in contrast to the CSP gene family that is more conserved, especially in the binding pocket. Expression proling under a wide range of conditions shows that, in the honey, bee only a minority of these genes are antenna-specic. The remaining genes are expressed either ubiquitously, or are tightly regulated in specialized tissues or during development. These findings support the view that OBPs and CSPs are not restricted to olfaction, and are likely to be involved in broader physiological functions.
¶
Finally, the detailed expression study and the functional characterization of a member of the CSP family, uth (unable-to-hatch), is reported. This gene is expressed in a maternal-zygotic fashion, and is restricted to the egg and embryo. Blocking the zygotic expression of uth with double-stranded RNA causes abnormalities in all body parts where this gene is highly expressed.
The treated embryos are `unable-to-hatch' and cannot progress to the larval stages. Our ndings reveal a novel, essential role for this gene family and suggest that uth is an ectodermal gene involved in embryonic cuticle formation.
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Badinger, Harald, and Peter Egger. "Productivity spillovers across countries and industries: new evidence from OECD countries." Wiley, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12122.
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This paper uses a translog approach to estimate intra- and inter-industry productivity spillovers transmitted through input-output linkages, distinguishing R&D and other (remainder) spillovers. For a panel of 12 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries from 1995-2005, first, we find that the estimated elasticity with respect to "own" R&D amounts to 0.25 on average (which would be estimated to be lower if R&D were assumed to be additively separable from other inputs). Second, there are sizeable intra-industry and relatively small inter-industry R&D spillovers. Third, there are significant remainder spillovers, which are mainly of the intra-industry type and substantially amplify idiosyncratic technology shocks.
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Malsiner-Walli, Gertraud, Paul Hofmarcher, and Bettina Grün. "Semi-parametric Regression under Model Uncertainty: Economic Applications." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12294.
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Economic theory does not always specify the functional relationship between dependent and explanatory variables, or even isolate a particular set of covariates. This means that model uncertainty is pervasive in empirical economics. In this paper, we indicate how Bayesian semi-parametric regression methods in combination with stochastic search variable selection can be used to address two model uncertainties simultaneously: (i) the uncertainty with respect to the variables which should be included in the model and (ii) the uncertainty with respect to the functional form of their effects. The presented approach enables the simultaneous identification of robust linear and nonlinear effects. The additional insights gained are illustrated on applications in empirical economics, namely willingness to pay for housing, and cross-country growth regression.
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Abbott, Matthew Richard Stanley. "Biological processing in oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs)." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3384.
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Bioprocessing involves using complete cells or any of their components for the manufacture of products such as pharmaceuticals, fuel, health products and precursor compounds for plastics. Bioprocessing can provide sustainable routes for the manufacture of products which are traditionally manufactured from fossil-derived chemicals. The stirred tank reactor (STR) is the prevalent fermenter/reaction vessel in industry due to its simplicity and cost. However; the basic design has not changed for centuries. This thesis describes the use of oscillatory baffled reactors (OBRs) for bioprocessing. Generally, the “niche application” of OBRs is in performing ‘long’ processes in plug flow conditions, so they should be suitable for many bioprocesses. In this thesis, four research projects using OBRs are presented: modelling of plug flow and OBR design; enzymatic saccharification; microalgae culture; and anaerobic digestion (AD). A robust method to maximise plug flow in various OBR designs is described. Second order, polynomial models (R2=92.1% and 97.3%) were used to maximise plug flow at Ψ=1.9. The net flow rate (Q) was shown to affect the quality of plug flow which has implications for OBR design. Enzymatic saccharification was conducted in reactors based on OBR and STR technology. The OBR required 94-99% less power to achieve the necessary mixing intensities to maximise glucose production. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cultured in a modified OBR for use as a photobioreactor (PBR). Maximum growth rates were increased by 95% in the OBR compared to cultures conducted in T-flasks. A flotation effect was observed that suggests that a dual culture and harvest device for microalgae is possible. Anaerobic digestion of dairy slurry and co-digestion with glycerol was conducted in digesters based on OBR and STR technology. The OBR achieved a maximum specific methane yield 28% higher than the STR. However, blockages occurred in the OBR and 89% less power was required for temperature control in the STR, predominantly due to differences in surface areas to volume ratios. Overall, OBR technology was successfully used in three bioprocesses, with improvements demonstrated over traditional technologies such as STR and/or T- flasks. Commercial systems based on OBR technology could be designed, provided that sufficient data is generated to overcome the risks associated with adoption of a novel technology such as OBRs.
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ALBUQUERQUE, FILHO Bruno Edson Martins de. "OBAS: Um Benchmark OLAP Para Serviços de Análises." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11227.
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Alguns benchmarks foram propostos para auxiliar o projeto de testes de desempenho em DW (Data Warehouse). Entretanto, foi identificada a falta de um benchmark para serviços de análises (OLAP – On-line Analytical Processing). Assim, esta dissertação apresenta a especificação e análise experimental do benchmark OBAS (OLAP Benchmark for Analysis Services). Este benchmark corresponde a uma extensão do Star Schema Benchmark (SSB) (O'Neil et al., 2009), para avaliação de serviços de análises e utilização de consultas escritas na linguagem MDX (Multidimensional Expressions). Na sua especificação, são apresentadas configurações de execução, como utilização de cache, localidade, paralelismo, serviços e catálogos. Foram definidos o esquema relacional e multidimensional correspondente, e as consultas SQL (Structured Query Language) do SSB traduzidas para MDX, além de serem adicionadas novas consultas que avaliam funções OLAP na linguagem MDX. As métricas utilizadas consistem no tempo de resposta, taxas de execução e confiabilidade. Esta última constitui um diferencial na avaliação, pois o SSB apresenta apenas taxas de execução. Componentes são especificados para preparação e execução do OBAS. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de testes para a execução do OBAS de forma portável, que utiliza XMLA (XML for Analysis) como forma de comunicação com os serviços de análises. O OBAS também foi aplicado a uma base de dados real, com as devidas alterações. Dois serviços de análises foram avaliados na análise experimental do OBAS. Os resultados da execução foram tratados e analisados em relação à funcionalidade e complexidade das consultas, e à carga submetida, que consiste no número de fluxos concorrentes de execução, em vez de apresentar um único número como resultado do experimento, o que perde detalhes do comportamento dos serviços. Assim, é possível avaliar o comportamento do serviço diante destes aspectos e identificar a melhor utilização de cada serviço.
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Loonam, Mary. "An exploration of member involvement with online brand communities (OBCs)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8642/.
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Despite growth in research investigating online consumer behaviour there appears to be a lack of study focusing specifically on how consumers are involved within online settings. Involvement is defined as the perceived relevance of a stimulus object such as a product to the individual consumer (Zaichkowsky, 1984). The study of consumer involvement is valuable as it is believed to be important mediator of consumer behaviour (e.g. Slater and Armstrong, 2010; Knox, Walker and Marshall, 1994). This study explores member involvement with Online Brand Communities (OBCs) focusing specifically on two questions: (1) What is involving about OBCs? (2) How are members involved with OBCs? The study employs a netnographic methodology consisting of participant observation of two OBCs over a nine month period. Based on the findings from the observation data two conceptual models relating to the characteristics and development of member involvement with the OBC are presented. The ‘Typology of Online Community Involvement’ model identifies four distinct types of member involvement with the OBC: (1) utilitarian involvement, (2) social involvement, (3) ego-related involvement, and (4) affective involvement. The ‘Journey of Member Involvement with the OBC’ model charts the different pathways that members who are involved with the OBC may undertake during their membership. The findings provide deeper insights into online consumer behaviour such as triggers that prompt members’ initial and continued involvement with OBCs. Recommendations for management focus on developing tools and strategies that help cultivate and sustain member involvement with the OBC.
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Putro, Fitrix Primantoro. "Strategies for detecting poor coupling in an OBS experiment." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1272.
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We present a method for detecting and correcting poor coupling in an Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) experiment. The basic idea of our method is that the normal component (with respect to the seafloor) of particle velocity is continuous at the water-solid interface. A comparison of the normal component of particle velocity just above and below the seafloor allows us to assess poor coupling. In other words, our method for detecting poor coupling consists of analyzing vertical particle velocities measured just above and below the seafloor. The normal component of particle velocity above the water is measured using either a vertical receiver array or a vertical source array (dipole source), whereas the normal component of particle velocity below the water is directly measured in this OBS experiment.
In general, the quantities recorded in the OBS experiment are vertical and horizontal components of particle velocity, but continuity of the boundary is based on the normal component of particle velocity being oriented perpendicularly to the seafloor. For a flat seafloor, the vertical component of particle velocity values just above and below the seafloor must be almost equal according to the continuity condition at the water-solid boundary. However, for a dipping seafloor this is not the case. We have established that we can differentiate a poor coupling effect from a dipping-seafloor effect by using the vertical component of particle velocity.
We have tested our method on real (Eugene Island) data and synthetic (finite-difference) data. For finite-difference synthetics, we have used a grid spacing 0.25 meters to properly simulate the water-solid interface. By examining the uniformity (with respect to offset) of cross-correlation between the vertical component of particle velocity just above and below the seafloor, we were able to detect poor coupling and to differentiate it with any dipping effect at the seafloor. The energy of data just above and below the seafloor were also used for detecting poor coupling and for differentiating it from dipping-seafloor effect.
Books on the topic "OBPs"
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Mangum, L. J. CTD/Ob2s. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1985.
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Lynch, J. M. CTD/Ob2s. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1988.
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Mangum, L. J. CTD/Ob2s. Seattle, Wash: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1985.
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Roffer, Carol. CTD/Ob2s. Miami, Fla: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1987.
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Un obús cayendo despedaza. Barcelona: Malpaso Ediciones, 2014.
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Fabien, Jamin, ed. La case obus: Histoire et reconstitution. Marseille, France: Parenthèses, 2003.
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Aksenov, D. V. Genij obs c enija. Moskva: Akademic eskij proekt [u.a.], 2004.
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1973-, Kronborg Anne-Kristine, ed. Hele folket i hus: OBOS 1970-2009. Oslo: OBOS/Gaidaros forlag, 2009.
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Bjørnsen, Bjørn. Hele folket i hus: OBOS 1970-2009. Oslo: OBOS/Gaidaros forlag, 2009.
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Louria, Aleksandr Romanovitch. Lekcii po obs ej psihologii. Sankt-Peterburg: Piter, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "OBPs"
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Gooch, Jan W. "OBP." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 497. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8071.
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Spitta, Thorsten. "Das Vorgehensmodell OBAS." In Software Engineering und Prototyping, 39–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95519-8_4.
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Schmidt, Herrad. "Die Anwendung von OBAS." In Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsinformatik, 150–224. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46996-1_7.
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Tóth, Roland. "Optimal Selection of OBFs." In Modeling and Identification of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems, 197–231. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13812-6_8.
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Tóth, Roland. "LPV Identification via OBFs." In Modeling and Identification of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems, 233–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13812-6_9.
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Rao, M. N. "OBCs and social justice." In The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India, 175–83. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003152873-13.
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Gottschalk, Petter. "Obos Housing Facilities by KPMG." In Fraud Investigation Reports in Practice, 128–40. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003305071-8.
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Venkatesh, T., and C. Siva Ram Murthy. "TCP over OBS Networks." In An Analytical Approach to Optical Burst Switched Networks, 199–255. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1510-8_5.
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Swyngedouw, Erik. "The Anthropo(Obs)cene." In Keywords in Radical Geography: Antipode at 50, 253–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119558071.ch47.
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Loureiro, Paulo, Saverio Mascolo, and Edmundo Monteiro. "Open Box Protocol (OBP)." In High Performance Computing and Communications, 496–507. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75444-2_48.
Full textConference papers on the topic "OBPs"
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Zoumpoulakis, Panagiotis, Eftichia Kritsi, and Spyros Zographos. "New Hit Compounds Targeting Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) as Putative Repellents." In 3rd International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-3-04658.
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Bin, Sun, and Song Jian. "A novel OBS and OBP scheme for GEO satellite." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769025.
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Tabatabaei, Maryam, Livio Santos, Ali Ahmed Al Hassan, and Arash Dahi Taleghani. "Limiting Deteriorative Impacts of Oil-Based Mud Residuals on Cement Bonding." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210155-ms.
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Abstract Successful cementing relies on an effective removal of oil-based muds (OBMs) specially from rock and casing surfaces. However, most OBMs are heavily absorbed onto the mineral surfaces as well as casing, deteriorating the interfacial bonding of cement to these surfaces. We present a novel cement additive made from treated surface-modified graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) to minimize the impact of mud residuals on the bonding strengths of cement. Experimental results show that after spacer flushing for the cases of limestone and sandstone cores, treated GNPs not only limit the impact of mud residuals at the interfaces, but also, raise the bonding strength beyond that corresponding to water saturated cores.
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Riis, Dan. "Developing Non-Gasoline Burning Outboard Motors for the UK MoD." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1223.
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The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) operates a wide range of small, high performance boats, used in varying environments, and locations throughout the world. These boats primarily operate using outboard motors (OBMs) due to the optimum power to size and weight ratios they provide, and the ease of maintenance compared to inboard motor boats. The use of OBMs has, with the exception of a large and heavy 27hp diesel (compression ignition) OBM, necessitated the use of Petrol (CIVGAS - F67). This dependency evolved from the difficulty encountered developing a reliable compression ignition OBM over the full power range required (20–250hp) at acceptable power to weight/size ratios. Given the lack of a perceived market for such an engine, very little development work was done in this area in the private sector. The requirement to run OBMs on CIVGAS presents a number of problems for the MoD, including logistical, availability (especially for Special Forces), and safety (especially for HM Ships required to store the fuel on the upper decks). The Marine Propulsion Systems Integrated Project Team (MPS IPT) within MoD’s Defence Logistics Organisation (DLO), was therefore mandated to develop solutions aimed at removing MoD’s reliance on CIVGAS. This resulted in a two pronged approach investigating both micro-gas turbines and multi-fuel OBMs. This paper will present the issues encountered and the development work completed to-date developing multi-fuel reciprocating OBM technology. The primary focus has been developing direct injection, spark ignition multi-fuel OBM technology, capable of using petrol, AVTUR (F34), AVCAT (F44), diesel, and marine distillate oil (MDO - F76). The paper will discuss the project plan, the technologies involved, development work, including test and trials, and the way ahead for the future.
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Li, Long, and Yongwen Liu. "A Novel Numerical Scheme for Outlet Boundary Conditions in Large Density Ratio Lattice Boltzmann Model." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6374.
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In the past decades, the Lattice Boltzmann method has gained much success in variety fields especially in multiphase flow, porous media flow, and other complex flow, and become a promising method for computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The outlet boundary condition (OBC) and its numerical scheme are critical issues in CFD, which may influence the accuracy and stability of the calculation. The common OBCs i.e. Neumann boundary condition (NBC), extrapolation boundary condition (EBC), and convection boundary condition (CBC), which have been widely investigated in single-phase LB model, have rarely been investigated in multiphase LB model. The previous research on the OBCs for two-phase LB model only aims at small density ratio. While in most industrial applications, the density ratio often ranges from a hundred to a thousand, and a large density ratio would bring some problems such as parasitic current and bad stability in LB method. Lee and Fischer have proposed an improved LB model which is suitable for large density ratio two-phase flow. In order to assess the OBCs for large density ratio LB model, the OBCs are investigated. And it is found that the existing OBC numerical scheme cannot be directly applied to the large density ratio LB model. In present study, a novel numerical scheme for the OBCs is proposed assuming that the outlet velocity is gained by the outlet boundary condition instead of the momentum equation which is an improvement of previous scheme, and it can be used in large density ratio LB model. The performance of the proposed OBC scheme is examined for different density ratios. The results show that the proposed OBC scheme could converge in a stable manner. Comparing with the reference flow condition, the CBC scheme shows a better performance than the NBC scheme and the EBC scheme. The NBC scheme would lead a large droplet deformation, large velocity peaks at the outlet, and large errors for both small and large density ratio. And the EBC scheme keeps a good droplet shape, but it would lead large velocity peaks at the outlet and large error when large density ratio is considered. The CBC scheme always shows superior performance including a good droplet shape, smooth outlet velocity profile, and small errors no matter whether the density ratio is small or large. Hence the CBC scheme could be applied in large density ratio LB model for the outlet boundary condition, which has a good accuracy and stability in the calculation.
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Baioco, Juliana Souza, Carl Horst Albrecht, Beatriz Souza Leite Pires de Lima, Breno Pinheiro Jacob, and Djalene Maria Rocha. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Subsea Pipeline Routes in Shallow Waters." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61483.
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This paper presents recent advances regarding a computational tool, based in Evolutionary Algorithms, for the synthesis and optimization of submarine pipeline routes. Previous works by the authors have focused on some specific issues related to the development of this tool, including the incorporation of engineering criteria such as on-bottom stability (OBS), VIV-induced fatigue in free-spanning pipelines, and flow assurance. Now, this work studies the influence of different OBS criteria for particular scenarios in shallow waters, where it is expected that the environmental loads of wave and current play a more important role on the hydrodynamic stability of the pipe. Case studies are presented, to compare the influence of OBS criteria proposed by the DNV RP-F109 code (Absolute Lateral Static Stability, and Generalized Lateral Stability), both implemented into a multi-objective procedure (using specialized algorithms based on the Pareto approach) along with other engineering criteria (VIV-induced fatigue and multiphase flow).
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Memmolo, Vittorio, Yevgeniya Lugovtsova, Massimiliano Olino, and Jens Prager. "Application of Temperature Compensation Strategies for Ultrasonic Guided Waves to Distributed Sensor Networks." In 2022 49th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/qnde2022-98534.
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Abstract Temperature compensation strategies play a key role in the implementation of guided wave based structural health monitoring approaches. The varying temperature influences the performance of the inspection system inducing false alarms or missed detection, with a consequent reduction of reliability. This paper quantitatively assesses two temperature compensation methods, namely the optimal baseline selection (OBS) and the baseline signal stretch (BSS), with the aim to extend their use to the case of distributed sensor networks (DSN). The effect of temperature separation between baseline time-traces in OBS and BSS are investigated considering multiple couples of sensors employed in the DSN. A decision strategy that uses frequent value warning to define the optimal baseline or stretching parameter is found to be effective analyzing data from two several experiments, which use different frequency analysis with either predominantly A0 mode or S0 mode data or both. The focus is given on the fact that different paths are available in a sensor network and several possible combinations of results are available. Nonetheless, introducing a frequent value warning it is possible to increase the efficiency of the OBS and BSS approach making use of fewer signal processing algorithms. In addition, the effectiveness of those approach is quantified using damage indicators as metric, which confirms that the performance of OBS and BSS quantitatively agree with predictions and also demonstrate that the use of compensation strategies improve detectability of damage with a higher reliability of the system.
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Marc, E., E. Primeau, and J. Garmulewicz. "The Atlantis OBS Project: OBS Node Positioning and Management." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/17980-ms.
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Li, S., M. Wang, E. W. M. Wong, and M. Zukerman. "Improving OBS efficiency." In 2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876512.
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"Obs and Gynae." In Proceedings of UK Radiological Conference 2019. The British Institute of Radiology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/conf-pukrc.2019.posters-obs-gyn.
Full textReports on the topic "OBPs"
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Tobin, J. OBES "One Pager". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945649.
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Coppola, L., and E. Diamond Riquier. Sensor implementation on Eulerian Obs. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.6.
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Baker, Scott E., Kenneth S. Bruno, Mark G. Butcher, James R. Collett, David E. Culley, Ziyu Dai, Jon K. Magnuson, and Ellen A. Panisko. PNNL Fungal Biotechnology Core DOE-OBP Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986728.
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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Technical Progress for IDDGA - OBP Upgrade. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244691.
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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Technical Progress for IDDGA - OBP Upgrade. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226741.
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Ratnarajah, Lavenia. Map of BioEco Observing networks/capability. EuroSea, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.2.
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This deliverable maps the locations and properties of sustained biological observing networks through Europe including identifying coordinating groups and data aggregators. Data come from a global survey of networks, supplemented by an analysis of sustained observations in OBIS (that receives all biological data from EMODNet).
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Purdy, G. M., and G. H. Sutton. Analysis of Data from Columbia Point Arena Ocean-Bottom Seismic Station (OBSS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271263.
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Gregg, Michael C. Ocean Battlespace Sensing (OBS) S&T Department Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590607.
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Pinkel, Robert, and Drew Lucas. Ocean Battlespace Sensing (OBS) S&T Department Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623750.
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Solomon, Sean C. Manufacture of Additional External Sensor Packages for the New ONR OBS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231671.
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