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1
Du, Yuzhe, and Jian Chen. "The Odorant Binding Protein, SiOBP5, Mediates Alarm Pheromone Olfactory Recognition in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111595.
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Olfaction is crucial in mediating various behaviors of social insects such as red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Olfactory receptor (OR) complexes consist of odor-specific ORs and OR co-receptors (Orco). Orcos are highly conserved across insect taxa and are widely co-expressed with ORs. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) can transport semiochemicals to ORs as protein carriers and thus constitute the first molecular recognition step in insect olfaction. In this study, three OBP genes highly expressed in S. invicta antenna, OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco were partially silenced using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi SiOBP5- and Orco-injected ants showed significantly lower EAG (electroantennography) responses to fire ant alarm pheromones and the alkaloid, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine than water- or GFP-injected ants 72 h post injection. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of the OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco significantly decreased 72 h after ants were injected with dsRNAs; however, there were no transcript level or EAG changes in ants fed dsRNAs. Our results suggest that S. invicta Orco and SiOBP5 are crucial to fire ants for their responses to alarm pheromones. RNAi knocking down SiOBP5 can significantly disrupt alarm pheromone communication, suggesting that disrupting SiOBP5 and Orcos could be potentially useful in the management of red imported fire ants.
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Silva, Diego, Ricardo Ceballos, Nolberto Arismendi, Anne Dalmon, and Marisol Vargas. "Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of Apis mellifera." Insects 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100895.
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Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In Apis mellifera, behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants. In particular, it has been shown that variant A of DWV (DWV-A) is capable of altering the ultra-cellular structure associated with olfactory activity. In this study was evaluated olfactory sensitivity and the expression of OBP genes in honey bees inoculated with DWV-A. Electroantennographic analyses (EAG) were carried out to determine the olfactory sensitivity to the essential oils Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita. The expression of nine antenna-specific OBP genes and DWV-A load in inoculated bees was also quantified by qPCR. We observed an inverse relationship between viral load and olfactory sensitivity and the expression of some OBP proteins. Thus, high viral loads reduced olfactory sensitivity to essential oils and the gene expression of the OBP2, OBP5, OBP11, and OBP12 proteins on the antennas of middle- and forager-age bees. These results suggest that DWV-A could have negative effects on the processes of aroma perception by worker bees, affecting their performance in tasks carried out in and outside the colony.
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Pappaccogli, M., F. Rabbia, S. Di Monaco, E. Perlo, C. Maldarizzi, E. Eula, C. Fulcheri, A. Milan, P. Mulatero, and F. Veglio. "NURSE-OBP." Journal of Hypertension 36, Supplement 1 (June 2018): e73-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000539172.64893.3b.
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Liu, Shao, Li, Cui, Li, Zhou, Lv, and Zhang. "Synthesis, Antibacterial Activities, Mode of Action and Acute Toxicity Studies of New Oxazolidinone-Fluoroquinolone Hybrids." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081641.
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To combat bacterial resistance, a series of new oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone hybrids have been synthesized and characterized. All synthetic hybrids were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against 6 standard strains and 3 clinical isolates. The majority of hybrids displayed excellent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, but limited activities against Gram-negative bacteria. Hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 were found to be the most promising compounds. Further, in vitro antibacterial activities, mode of action and acute toxicity in mice of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 were investigated. Hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 exhibited potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Correspondingly, studies on the mode of action of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 indicated a strong inhibitory activity on protein synthesis by binding the active site of 50S subunit, but a weak inhibitory action on DNA synthesis. In addition, LD50 values of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 in the acute oral toxicity were larger than 2000 mg/kg, suggesting a good safety profile.
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Ju, Qian, Ming-jing Qu, Ying Wang, Xiao-jing Jiang, Xiao Li, Shuang-lin Dong, and Zhao-jun Han. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela." Genome 55, no. 7 (July 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-042.
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The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, is an economically important pest worldwide. Odorant-based lures and traps are being developed as a key kind of alternative control measures for this pest, and studies to reveal the mechanisms for chemotaxis in this pest are necessary. Two full-length cDNAs encoding different odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were cloned. The predicted proteins were found to have the functional domains characteristic of typical OBPs and share a high degree of sequence similarity with OBP1 and OBP2 from other insects and were therefore designated as H. parallela OBP-1 and H. parallela OBP-2 (HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2, respectively). These two OBPs were specifically expressed in antennae. The binding affinity of two purified proteins indicated that HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2 could selectively interact with various volatiles emitted from host plants and pheromone components. Among the 10 chemicals tested, HparOBP-1 could bind to six of the tested compounds with a dissociation concentration (Ki) less than 20, and HparOBP-2 could bind to three of the compounds. The two OBPs are probably involved in chemotaxis of the dark black chafer. This discovery should accelerate research on chemical communications of this pest, which could potentially lead to the improvement of control measures based on lures and traps.
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Isler, Jennifer A., and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Phosphorylation of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin Binding Protein." Journal of Virology 75, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.2.628-637.2001.
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ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein (OBP), the product of the UL9 gene, is one of seven HSV-encoded proteins required for viral DNA replication. OBP performs multiple functions characteristic of a DNA replication initiator protein, including origin-specific DNA binding and ATPase and helicase activities, as well as the ability to interact with viral and cellular proteins involved in DNA replication. Replication initiator proteins in other systems, including those of other DNA viruses, are known to be regulated by phosphorylation; however, the role of phosphorylation in OBP function has been difficult to assess due to the low level of OBP expression in HSV-infected cells. Using a metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation approach, we obtained evidence that OBP is phosphorylated during HSV-1 infection. Kinetic analysis of metabolically labeled cells indicated that the levels of OBP expression and phosphorylation increased at approximately 4 h postinfection. Notably, when expressed from a transfected plasmid, a recombinant baculovirus, or a recombinant adenovirus (AdOBP), OBP was phosphorylated minimally, if at all. In contrast, superinfection of AdOBP-infected cells with an OBP-null mutant virus increased the level of OBP phosphorylation approximately threefold, suggesting that HSV-encoded viral or HSV-induced cellular factors enhance the level of OBP phosphorylation. Using HSV mutants inhibited at sequential stages of the viral life cycle, we demonstrated that this increase in OBP phosphorylation is dependent on early protein synthesis and is independent of viral DNA replication. Based on gel mobility shift assays, phosphorylation does not appear to affect the ability of OBP to bind to the HSV origins.
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Okoli, Bamidele Joseph, Zakari Ladan, Fanyana Mtunzi, and Yayock Chigari Hosea. "Vitex negundo L. Essential Oil: Odorant Binding Protein Efficiency Using Molecular Docking Approach and Studies of the Mosquito Repellent." Insects 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121061.
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(1) Background: Malaria fever affects millions of people yearly in Africa and Asia’s tropical and subtropical areas. Because there is no effective vaccine, malaria prevention is solely dependent on avoiding human-vector interaction. (2) Aim: This study examines the interaction between the constituents of Vitex negundo essential oil and Anopheles gambiae Odorant Binding Proteins (OBP) as well as the compositional variation, repellent efficacy, and toxicity profile. (3) Methods: The oils were subjected to GC-MS and mosquito behavioral analysis. OBP–ligand interactions, Anopheles species authentication, and the toxicity profile were determined by molecular docking, PCR assay and in silico ADME/tox tool. Docking protocol validation was achieved by redocking the co-crystallized ligands into the protein binding pocket and root mean square deviation (RMSD) calculation. (4) Results: The oil yields and compositions are climate–soil dependent with ≈71.39% monoterpenes and ≈16.32% sesquiterpene. Optimal repellency is achieved at 15 min at ED50 0.08–0.48% v/v while the RMSD was estimated to be within 0.24–1.35 Å. Strong affinities were demonstrated by α-pinene (−6.4 kcal/mol), citronellal (−5.5 kcal/mol), linalool (−5.4 kcal/mol), and myrcene (−5.8 kcal/mol) for OBP1, OBP7, OBP4, and OBP; respectively. The hydrophobic interactions involve Leu17 (α-helix 1), Cys35 (α-helix 2), ALA52 (α-helix 3), Leu73, Leu76 (α-helix 4), Ala88, Met91, Lys93, Trp114 (α-helix 5), Phe123 (α-helix 6), and Leu124 (α-helix 7) receptors within the binding cavities, and may cause blocking of the olfactory receptors resulting in disorientation. (5) Conclusion: The ligand efficiency metrics, ADME/tox and repellency screening are within the threshold values; hence, α-pinene, linalool, and myrcene are safe and fit-to-use in the development of a green and novel repellent.
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Mitchell, G. B., M. E. Clark, R. Lu, and J. L. Caswell. "Localization and Functional Characterization of Pulmonary Bovine Odorant-Binding Protein." Veterinary Pathology 48, no. 6 (September 8, 2010): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810381907.
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Bovine odorant-binding protein (OBP) may function in olfaction and defense against oxidative injury, but its role in inflammation and defense against bacterial infection has not been investigated. Expression of OBP was discovered in the bovine lung and found to undergo changes in abundance during glucocorticoid administration and stress. OBP was localized to nasal, tracheal, and bronchial mucosal glands with immunohistochemistry, with faint expression in airway surface epithelium and none in bronchioles or alveoli. Two isoforms of OBP were identified, appearing to be differentially regulated during lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation, but differences between these isoforms were not revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Functional studies showed no effect of OBP on in vitro growth of Escherichia coli or Mannheimia haemolytica under iron-replete or iron-depleted conditions, nor did OBP opsonize bacteria for an enhanced neutrophil oxidative burst. However, OBP did reduce the ability of supernatants from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages to induce neutrophil chemotaxis. These findings indicate that OBP may inhibit neutrophil recruitment by inflammatory mediators, and they suggest an ability to bind macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators within the airways.
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Link, Malen A., Laurie A. Silva, and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Cathepsin B Mediates Cleavage of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin Binding Protein (OBP) To Yield OBPC-1, and Cleavage Is Dependent upon Viral DNA Replication." Journal of Virology 81, no. 17 (June 6, 2007): 9175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00676-07.
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ABSTRACT Although the seven viral proteins required for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA replication have been identified, the mechanism by which viral DNA synthesis is regulated is unclear. HSV-1 DNA replication is thought to occur in two stages: origin-dependent DNA replication (stage I) mediated by the origin binding protein (OBP), followed by origin- and OBP-independent DNA replication (stage II). The mechanism that facilitates the switch from stage I to stage II is unknown; however, it must involve the loss of OBP function or OBP itself from the replication initiation complex. Previous studies from this laboratory identified a transcript (UL8.5) and protein (OBPC) that are in frame with and comprise the C terminus of the gene specifying OBP. Because of its DNA binding ability, OBPC has been hypothesized to mediate the switch from stage I to stage II. Here, we identify a second protein (OBPC-2) that is also in frame with the C terminus of OBP but comprises a smaller portion of the protein. We demonstrate that the protein originally identified (OBPC-1) is a cathepsin B-mediated cleavage product of OBP, while OBPC-2 may be the product of the UL8.5 transcript. We further demonstrate that the cleavage of OBP to yield OBPC-1 is dependent upon viral DNA replication. These results suggest that cleavage may be a mechanism by which OBP levels and/or activity are regulated during infection.
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Krug, Laurie T., Naoki Inoue, and Philip E. Pellett. "Sequence Requirements for Interaction of Human Herpesvirus 7 Origin Binding Protein with the Origin of Lytic Replication." Journal of Virology 75, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 3925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.8.3925-3936.2001.
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ABSTRACT As do human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and -6B), HHV-7 encodes a homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin binding protein (OBP), which binds at sites in the origin of lytic replication (oriLyt) to initiate DNA replication. In this study, we sought to characterize the interaction of the HHV-7 OBP (OBPH7) with its cognate sites in the 600-bp HHV-7oriLyt. We expressed the carboxyl-terminal domain of OBPH7 and found that amino acids 484 to 787 of OBPH7 were sufficient for DNA binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. OBPH7 has one high-affinity binding site (OBP-2) located on one flank of an AT-rich spacer element and a low-affinity site (OBP-1) on the other. This is in contrast to the HHV-6B OBP (OBPH6B), which binds with similar affinity to its two cognate OBP sites in the HHV-6BoriLyt. The minimal recognition element of the OBP-2 site was mapped to a 14-bp sequence. The OBPH7 consensus recognition sequence of the 9-bp core, BRTYCWCCT (where B is a T, G, or C; R is a G or A; Y is a T or C; and W is a T or A), overlaps with the OBPH6B consensus YGWYCWCCY and establishes YCWCC as the roseolovirus OBP core recognition sequence. Heteroduplex analysis suggests that OBPH7interacts along one face of the DNA helix, with the major groove, as do OBPH6B and herpes simplex virus type 1 OBP. Together, these results illustrate both conserved and divergent DNA binding properties between OBPH7 and OBPH6B.
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Zuo, Jinhang, Xiaoxi Zhang, and Carlee Joe-Wong. "Observe Before Play: Multi-Armed Bandit with Pre-Observations." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 7023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6187.
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We consider the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in a setting where a player can pay to pre-observe arm rewards before playing an arm in each round. Apart from the usual trade-off between exploring new arms to find the best one and exploiting the arm believed to offer the highest reward, we encounter an additional dilemma: pre-observing more arms gives a higher chance to play the best one, but incurs a larger cost. For the single-player setting, we design an Observe-Before-Play Upper Confidence Bound (OBP-UCB) algorithm for K arms with Bernoulli rewards, and prove a T-round regret upper bound O(K2log T). In the multi-player setting, collisions will occur when players select the same arm to play in the same round. We design a centralized algorithm, C-MP-OBP, and prove its T-round regret relative to an offline greedy strategy is upper bounded in O(K4/M2log T) for K arms and M players. We also propose distributed versions of the C-MP-OBP policy, called D-MP-OBP and D-MP-Adapt-OBP, achieving logarithmic regret with respect to collision-free target policies. Experiments on synthetic data and wireless channel traces show that C-MP-OBP and D-MP-OBP outperform random heuristics and offline optimal policies that do not allow pre-observations.
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Tazawa, Hiroshi, Joe Hasei, Shuya Yano, Shunsuke Kagawa, Toshifumi Ozaki, and Toshiyoshi Fujiwara. "Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: A New Target for Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Virotherapy." Cancers 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020478.
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Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is widely and frequently used as a virus vector in cancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment for inducing lytic cell death in tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Based on the Ad5 genome, we have generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses: OBP-301 (Telomelysin), green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing OBP-401 (TelomeScan), and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702. These viruses drive the expression of the adenoviral E1A and E1B genes under the control of the hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase-encoding gene) promoter, providing tumor-specific virus replication. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of three hTERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenoviruses against bone and soft-tissue sarcoma cells with telomerase activity. OBP-301 induces the antitumor effect in monotherapy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs via induction of autophagy and apoptosis. OBP-401 enables visualization of sarcoma cells within normal tissues by serving as a tumor-specific labeling reagent for fluorescence-guided surgery via induction of GFP expression. OBP-702 exhibits a profound antitumor effect in OBP-301-resistant sarcoma cells via activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising antitumor reagents that are expected to provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Groenland, Eline H., Jean-Paul A. C. Vendeville, Remy H. H. Bemelmans, Houshang Monajemi, Michiel L. Bots, Frank L. J. Visseren, and Wilko Spiering. "Smartphone Application-Assisted Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Compared With Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Hypertension: the AMUSE-BP Study." Hypertension 79, no. 10 (October 2022): 2373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19685.
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Background: The development of automated, smartphone application (app)-assisted home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) allows for standardized measurement of blood pressure (BP) at home. The aim of this study was to evaluate the (diagnostic) agreement between app-assisted HBPM, automated office BP (OBP), and the reference standard 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Methods: In this open randomized 5-way cross-over study, patients diagnosed with hypertension were randomized to one of 10 clusters, each containing 5 BP measurement methods (ABPM, HBPM, attended OBP, unattended OBP, and unattended 30-minute BP) in different order. Results: In total, 113 patients were included. The average 24-hour ABPM was 126±11/73±8 mm Hg compared with 141±14/82±10 mm Hg with app-assisted HBPM, 134±13/80±9 mm Hg with unattended 30-minute BP, 137±16/81±11 mm Hg with attended OBP, and 135±15/81±10 mm Hg with unattended OBP monitoring. Diagnostic agreement between app-assisted HBPM and 24-hour ABPM for diagnosing sustained (OBP >140/90 mm Hg and ABPM ≥130/80 mm Hg or HBPM ≥135/85 mm Hg), white-coat (OBP ≥140/90 mm Hg and ABPM <130/80 mm Hg or HBPM <135/85 mm Hg), and masked hypertension (OBP <140/90 mm Hg and ABPM ≥130/80 mm Hg or HBPM ≥135/85 mm Hg) was fair-to-moderate (κ statistics ranging from 0.34 to 0.40). App-assisted HBPM had high sensitivities (78%–91%) and negative predictive values (90%–97%) for diagnosing sustained and masked hypertension. Conclusions: This study showed a considerable (diagnostic) disagreement between app-assisted HBPM and ABPM. App-assisted HBPM had high sensitivity in the diagnosis of sustained and masked hypertension and may therefore be used as complementary to, but not a replacement of, ABPM.
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Song, Hyojong, and Seong-Sik Lee. "Motivations, Propensities, and Their Interplays on Online Bullying Perpetration: A Partial Test of Situational Action Theory." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 12 (May 20, 2019): 1787–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719850500.
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Using data gathered from 757 college students in South Korea, the current study examines applicability of situational action theory (SAT) to online bullying perpetration (OBP). Specifically, the current study focuses on testing interplays between motivations in the criminogenic online setting (temptation and provocation) and individual propensities (morality and self-control) as well as interplay between two individual propensities on OBP. Results show that morality significantly buffers the effects of provocation on OBP as expected, while morality unexpectedly enhances effects of temptation on OBP. Moreover, the current study found no significant interaction between two propensities, morality and self-control. Thus, future studies should focus on examining how roles of morality vary depending on different types of offenses and contexts.
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Zhao, Ning, Xiangzhong Mao, Naiyong Liu, Ling Liu, Zhixiao Zhang, Sangzi Ze, and Bin Yang. "Transcriptomic Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins in Cacia cretifera thibetana and Their Association with Different Host Emitted Volatiles." Insects 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090787.
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This study characterized the transcriptome of Cacia cretifera thibetana and explored odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and their interaction with host-specific compounds. A total of 36 samples from six different organs including antennae, head, thorax, abdomen, wings, and legs (12 groups with 3 replicates per group) from both male and female insects were collected for RNA extraction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 89,897 transcripts as unigenes, with an average length of 1036 bp. Between male and female groups, 31,095 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The KEGG pathway analysis revealed 26 DEGs associated with cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis and 70, 48, and 62 were linked to glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, and chemokine signaling pathways, respectively. A total of 31 OBP genes were identified. Among them, the relative expression of 11 OBP genes (OBP6, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, and 31) was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in different tissues. Seven OBP genes including CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10 revealed antennae-specific expression. Further, we selected two OBPs (CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10) for functional analysis to evaluate their binding affinity with 20 host odorant compounds. The CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10 exhibited strong binding affinities with terpineol and trans-2-hexenal revealing their potential as an attractant or repellent for controlling C. cretifera thibetana.
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Omori, Toshinori, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yasuaki Yamakawa, Shuhei Osaki, Joe Hasei, Kazuhisa Sugiu, Tadashi Komatsubara, et al. "Oncolytic virotherapy promotes radiosensitivity in soft tissue sarcoma by suppressing anti-apoptotic MCL1 expression." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0250643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250643.
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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare cancer that develops from soft tissues in any part of the body. Despite major advances in the treatment of STS, patients are often refractory to conventional radiotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. Enhancement of sensitivity to radiotherapy would therefore improve the clinical outcome of STS patients. We previously revealed that the tumor-specific, replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-301 kills human sarcoma cells. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing effect of OBP-301 in human STS cells. The in vitro antitumor effect of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation in monotherapy or combination therapy was assessed using highly radiosensitive (RD-ES and SK-ES-1) and moderately radiosensitive (HT1080 and NMS-2) STS cell lines. The expression of markers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in STS cells after treatment. The therapeutic potential of combination therapy was further analyzed using SK-ES-1 and HT1080 cells in subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. The combination of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation showed a synergistic antitumor effect in all human STS cell lines tested, including those that show different radiosensitivity. OBP-301 was found to enhance irradiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage via suppression of anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), which was expressed at higher levels in moderately radiosensitive cell lines. The combination of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation showed a more profound antitumor effect compared to monotherapy in SK-ES-1 (highly radiosensitive) and HT1080 (moderately radiosensitive) subcutaneous xenograft tumors. OBP-301 is a promising antitumor reagent to improve the therapeutic potential of radiotherapy by increasing radiation-induced apoptosis in STS.
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Alghadir, Ahmad H., Hani Al-Abbad, Syamala Buragadda, and Amir Iqbal. "Influence of Work-Related Safety and Health Guidelines on Knowledge and Prevalence of Occupational Back Pain among Rehabilitation Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 8711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168711.
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Background: Nurses are frequently involved in different types of patient handling activities in different departments of the hospitals. Mishandling the patients causes accumulative stress on their spine that results in occupational back pain (OBP), substantial morbidity, and incurred cost. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the influence of work-related safety and health guidelines on knowledge and prevalence of occupational back pain among rehabilitation nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cohort study was conducted with the inclusion of a total of 116-registered rehabilitation nurses (97-female, 19-male, mean age = 39.6-years) from different regions of Saudi Arabia. After the invitation, these nurses attended an ergonomic workshop focusing on work-related safety and patient handling guidelines, risk assessment, and control of OBP. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, risk, and prevalence of OBP at baseline and 6-months follow-up. Results: The perceived knowledge score significantly improved (95% CI; t = 4.691; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.72) at 6-month follow-up (mean ± SD = 81.6 ± 18.2) from its baseline score (mean ± SD = 68.2 ± 19.2). Likewise, the prevalence score of OBP markedly reduced from 71.5% (baseline) to 65.0% (6-month follow-up). Conclusion: The level of knowledge highly improved and the prevalence of OBP markedly reduced within a span of 6-month among rehabilitation nurses in Saudi Arabia after attending an ergonomic workshop. Importantly, the nurses learned and geared up themselves for practicing the safe patient handling guidelines to avoid occupational back pain in the future. Therefore, rehabilitation nurses should update their knowledge and awareness about occupational safety and health guidelines, risk assessments, and control of OBP at a regular interval for increasing the knowledge and reducing the prevalence of OBP among them.
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Delman, Andrew, and Felix Landerer. "Downscaling Satellite-Based Estimates of Ocean Bottom Pressure for Tracking Deep Ocean Mass Transport." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071764.
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Gravimetry measurements from the GRACE and GRACE-Follow-On satellites provide observations of ocean bottom pressure (OBP), which can be differenced between basin boundaries to infer mass transport variability at a given level in the deep ocean. However, GRACE data products are limited in spatial resolution, and conflate signals from many depth levels along steep continental slopes. To improve estimates of OBP variability near steep bathymetry, ocean bottom pressure observations from a JPL GRACE mascon product are downscaled using an objective analysis procedure, with OBP covariance information from an ocean model with horizontal grid spacing of ∼18 km. In addition, a depth-based adjustment was applied to enhance correlations at similar depths. Downscaled GRACE OBP shows realistic representations of sharp OBP gradients across bathymetry contours and strong currents, albeit with biases in the shallow ocean. In validations at intraannual (3–12 month) timescales, correlations of downscaled GRACE data (with depth adjustment) and in situ bottom pressure recorder time series were improved in ∼79% of sites, compared to correlations that did not involve downscaled GRACE. Correlations tend to be higher at sites where the amplitude of the OBP signal is larger, while locations where surface eddy kinetic energy is high (e.g., Gulf Stream extension) are more likely to have no improvement from the downscaling procedure. The downscaling procedure also increases the amplitude (standard deviation) of OBP variability compared to the non-downscaled GRACE at most sites, resulting in standard deviations that are closer to in situ values. A comparison of hydrography-based transport from RAPID with estimates based on downscaled GRACE data suggests substantial improvement from the downscaling at intraannual timescales, though this improvement does not extend to longer interannual timescales. Possible efforts to improve the downscaling technique through process studies and analysis of alongtrack GRACE/GRACE-FO observations are discussed.
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Isler, Jennifer A., and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Origin Binding Protein-Containing Protein-DNA Complex Formation at Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 oriS: Role in oriS-Dependent DNA Replication." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 6808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.6808-6816.2001.
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ABSTRACT Initiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA replication during productive infection of fibroblasts and epithelial cells requires attachment of the origin binding protein (OBP), one of seven essential virus-encoded DNA replication proteins, to specific sequences within the two viral origins, oriL and oriS. Whether initiation of DNA replication during reactivation of HSV-1 from neuronal latency also requires OBP is not known. A truncated protein, consisting of the C-terminal 487 amino acids of OBP, termed OBPC, is the product of the HSV UL8.5 gene and binds to origin sequences, although OBPC's role in HSV DNA replication is not yet clear. To characterize protein-DNA complex formation at oriS in cells of neural and nonneural lineage, we used nuclear extracts of HSV-infected nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 and Vero cells, respectively, as the source of protein in gel shift assays. In both cell types, three complexes (complexes A, B, and C) which contain either OBP or OBPC were shown to bind specifically to a probe which contains the highest-affinity OBP binding site in oriS, site 1. Complex A was shown to contain OBPC exclusively, whereas complexes B and C contained OBP and likely other cellular proteins. By fine-mapping the binding sites of these three complexes, we identified single nucleotides which, when mutated, eliminated formation of all three complexes, or complexes B and C, but not A. In transient DNA replication assays, both mutations significantly impaired oriS-dependent DNA replication, demonstrating that formation of OBP-containing complexes B and C is required for efficient initiation of oriS-dependent DNA replication, whereas formation of the OBPC-containing complex A is insufficient for efficient initiation.
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Rodríguez, Alexander J., Martin T. Ernst, Mads Nybo, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Peter R. Ebeling, Anne Pernille Hermann, and Bo Abrahamsen. "Oral Bisphosphonate use Reduces Cardiovascular Events in a Cohort of Danish Patients Referred for Bone Mineral Density." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (July 27, 2020): 3215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa481.
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Abstract Context The cardiovascular (CV) safety of oral bisphosphonates (oBPs) is uncertain. Objective Determine the risk of CV events in oBP users referred for bone mineral density (BMD) testing compared with matched controls. Design Cohort study. Setting Danish national prescription registry enriched with local hospital data from Odense. Participants Individuals aged ≥45 years referred for BMD testing. Exposure oBP. Outcomes Hospitalization for any CV event. Secondary study outcomes were specific CV events. Negative (inguinal hernia surgery and ingrown toenail) and positive (fragility fracture) control outcomes assessed systemic bias. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results There were 2565 oBP users (82.6% women) and 4568 (82.3% women) propensity score–matched controls. Alendronate accounted for 96% of oBP prescription. A total of 406 (15.8%) CV events occurred in oBP users (rate = 73.48 [66.67-80.98]); rate = events divided by person-time; and 837 (18.3%) events in controls (rate = 104.73 [97.87-112.07]) with an adjusted HR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.77). Additional adjustment for BMD did not attenuate estimates (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.58-0.78]. Similar results were seen for secondary outcomes where risk reductions were seen regarding atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and aneurysms. Positive and negative control outcome analyses identified minimal residual confounding. Conclusion Oral BP users experienced a 33% reduced risk of CV events. This observational real-world study adds to a growing body of evidence for cardioprotection by oBP that warrants testing in a randomized setting.
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Link, Malen A., and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 C-Terminal Variants of the Origin Binding Protein (OBP), OBPC-1 and OBPC-2, Cooperatively Regulate Viral DNA Levels In Vitro, and OBPC-2 Affects Mortality in Mice." Journal of Virology 81, no. 19 (July 18, 2007): 10699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01213-07.
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ABSTRACT Two in-frame, C-terminal isoforms of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein (OBP), OBPC-1 and OBPC-2, and a unique C-terminal transcript, UL8.5, are specified by HSV-1 DNA. As the first isoform identified, OBPC-1 was initially assumed to be the product of the UL8.5 transcript. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however, that OBPC-1 is a cathepsin B-mediated cleavage product of OBP, suggesting that OBPC-2 is the product of the UL8.5 transcript. Because both OBPC-1 and -2 contain the majority of the OBP DNA binding domain, we hypothesized that both may be involved in regulating origin-dependent, OBP-mediated viral DNA replication. In this paper, we demonstrate that OBPC-2 is, indeed, the product of the UL8.5 transcript. The translational start site of OBPC-2 was mapped, and a virus (M571A) that does not express this protein efficiently was constructed. Using M571A, we have shown that OBPC-2 is able to bind origin DNA, even though it lacks seven N-terminal amino acid residues of the previously mapped OBP DNA binding domain, resulting in a revision of the limits of the OBP DNA binding domain. Consistent with their proposed roles in regulating viral DNA replication, OBPC-1 and -2 act together to down-regulate viral DNA replication in vitro. During functional studies in vivo, OBPC-2 was identified as a factor that increases mortality in the mouse ocular model of HSV-1 infection.
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Chang, Xuefei, Yaluan Bi, Haipeng Chi, Qi Fang, Zhaozhi Lu, Fang Wang, and Gongyin Ye. "Identification and Expression Analysis of Odorant-Binding and Chemosensory Protein Genes in Virus Vector Nephotettix cincticeps." Insects 13, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13111024.
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The insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are involved in the perception and discrimination of insects to host odor cues. Nephotettix cincticeps, one of the destructive pests of rice plants, not only directly damages hosts by sucking, but also indirectly transmits plant viruses in the field. Previous study found that two rice volatiles ((E)-β-caryophyllene and 2-heptanol) induced by rice dwarf virus (RDV) mediated the olfactory behavior of N. cincticeps, which may promote virus dispersal. However, the OBPs and CSPs in N. cincticeps are still unknown. In this study, to identify the OBP and CSP genes in N. cincticeps, transcriptomic analyses were performed. In total, 46,623 unigenes were obtained. Twenty putative OBP and 13 CSP genes were discovered and identified. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that five putative OBPs belonged to the plus-C OBP family, and the other classic OBPs and CSPs were distributed among other orthologous groups. A total of 12 OBP and 10 CSP genes were detected, and nine OBP and three CSP genes were highly expressed in N. cincticeps antennae compared with other tissues. This study, for the first time, provides a valuable resource to well understand the molecular mechanism of N. cincticeps in the perception and discrimination of the two volatiles induced by RDV infection.
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Sharma, OP, Rajeev K Singla, and Birendra Shrivastava. "Scientific Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Pyrimidine-2,4(1H, 3H)-diones." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 02 (2012): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.17.
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The aim of present research work is to screen some pyrimidine-2,4-diones for their potential anti-oxidant activity to prevent the progress of free radical mediated disorders using different in-vitro models like nitric oxide(NO) scavenging activity and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power. Results revealed that pyrimidine-2,4-diones have significant anti-oxidant activity and OBP-05 is the most potent antioxidant as per the overall radical scavenging capabilities, but OBP-10 have specifically higher nitric oxide scavenging(IC50 3.38 µg/ml) potential than that of OBP-05(IC50 4.51 µg/ml). © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.
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Tanabe, Shunsuke, Hiroshi Tazawa, Nobuhiko Kanaya, Kazuhiro Noma, Shunsuke Kagawa, Shinji Kuroda, Yasuo Urata, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, and Toshiyoshi Fujiwara. "Endoscopic intratumoral injection of OBP-301 (telomelysin) with radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients unfit for standard treatments." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.130.
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130 Background: OBP-301 (telomelysin) is an attenuated type-5 adenovirus with oncolytic potency that contains the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter to regulate viral replication. OBP-301 causes selective replication and lysis of a variety of cancer cells, and also inhibits the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks, leading to radiosensitization. We aimed to assess intratumoral injection of OBP-301 with radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients unfit for standard treatments. Methods: An open-label, phase I dose-escalation study of OBP-301 with radiotherapy was conducted in 13 histologically confirmed esophageal cancer patients who deemed unfit to receive surgery or chemotherapy. Study treatment consisted of intratumoral OBP-301 injections on days 1, 18, and 32 of treatment. Radiation therapy was administered concurrently over 6 weeks, beginning on day 4, to a total of 60 Gy. Virus administration was performed by intratumoral needle injection of the primary tumor through a flexible endoscope. The primary and secondary end points were incidence of dose-limiting toxicities and objective response rate. Results: Of 13 patients, seven, three, and three patients were treated in the cohorts with 1010, 1011, and 1012 virus particles of OBP-301, respectively. The patients comprised 10 males and 3 females, with median age of 79.7 years (range, 53 to 92 years). Common grade 1 and 2 toxicities included fever, esophagitis, pneumonitis, anorexia, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux. All patients developed a transient, self-limited lymphopenia. Eight patients had local complete response (CR); all of them exhibited pathologically no viable malignant cells in biopsy specimens, and three had partial response. The objective response rate was 84.6%. The clinical CR rate was 80.0% in stage I and 66.7% in stage II/III, respectively. Histopathologic examination in post-treatment specimens showed massive infiltration of CD8+ cells in three partially responded tumors. Conclusions: Multiple courses of endoscopic OBP-301 injection with radiotherapy were feasible and provided definite clinical benefits in patients with esophageal cancer. Clinical trial information: 000010158.
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Lauseker, Michael, Joerg Hasford, Markus Pfirrmann, and Rüdiger Hehlmann. "Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients Treated In Teaching Hospitals Seem To Have a Survival Advantage Compared To Other Settings." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3997.3997.
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Abstract Introduction Treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has changed considerably due to the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As a consequence, CML is nowadays increasingly treated in municipal hospitals (MH) and at office-based physicians (OBP) and not only in teaching hospitals (TH). It is unknown how this affects the outcomes of CML patients. Thus we analysed if patients at TH have a survival advantage in comparison to patients that are treated in MH or at OBP. Patients All patients with chronic phase Ph+ CML and admitted to the German CML Study IV [Hehlmann et al. JCO 2013, in press] were eligible for this analysis. Out of 1551 patients randomised, 13 did not match the inclusion criteria, 2 withdrew informed consent during the first days and 45 could not be considered due to missing covariates. Thus, 1491 patients were available for analysis and had complete covariates. Every study centre was classified into one of three categories: TH, MH and OBP. Additionally, the number of patients enrolled in the CML Study IV was taken as a proxy measure of experience with TKI-treatment. Methods Survival times were calculated starting with the date of diagnosis. Patients that were still alive were censored at the date of last observation. Cox models were estimated to assess the impact of centre type and experience with CML. The models were adjusted for the following covariates: risk category according to the EUTOS score, year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and Karnofsky performance status scale. Results Out of the 1491 patients, 532 patients (36%) were from TH, 618 (41%) from MH and 341 (23%) from OBP. Percentages of EUTOS high risk patients were fairly similar in the three groups (13% at TH, 12% at MH and 10% at OBP). Patients of OBP had a significantly better Karnofsky scale, while TH patients were younger than MH and OBP patients (median age at diagnosis: 50, 53 and respectively 54). Five-year overall survival was 92%, 89% and 88% in the groups of TH, MH and OBP patients, the median observation time was 5.6 years. In the multivariate Cox model for survival, TH patients had a lower risk of death than MH patients (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.633, 95%-Confidence Interval (CI): [0.414; 0.966], p=0.034) and OBP patients (HR: 0.609, 95%-CI: [0.363; 1.024], p=0.060). Other important risk factors were EUTOS high risk (HR: 1.854, 95%-CI: [1.190; 2.889]) and age (HR: 1.044, 95%-CI: [1.030; 1.058]), whereas experience with CML and year of diagnosis did not seem to have any influence. When the model was stratified according to treatment, only minor changes were observed. One possible explanation for the advantage of the TH patients may be the more successful treatment of blast crisis. Two years after blast crisis, survival probability for TH patients was 47.7% (95%-CI: 28.4-67.4%), while for the MH and the OBP patients it was 22.3% (8.9-39.7%) and respectively 25.0% (7.6-48.3%). On the one hand, we found a tendency for more frequent adverse events (AE) in TH patients, but on the other hand reporting at TH was slightly better with an average of 3.5 AE forms per year compared to 3.3 (MH) and 2.8 (OBP). Conclusions Our data show that there was a survival advantage for CML patients treated initially at a TH compared to those that were treated at MH and OBP. This finding even holds, when adjusting for age, Karnofsky scale, EUTOS score, experience with CML, and year of diagnosis. We could not find any hint that more experience with the treatment of CML patients led to better survival probabilities. As the data set was too small to be divided into a learning and a validation set and this analysis was not pre-specified, our results need to be confirmed by an independent data set. Disclosures: Hehlmann: Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy.
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Nurjaman, Jajang. "Jaringan Informasi dan Komunikasi Organisasi VOC di Sulawesi (Makasar) 1735-1737: Studi Kasus Arsip Overgekomen Brieven en Papieren (OBP) sebagai Penghubung Vital Komunikasi VOC." Khazanah: Jurnal Pengembangan Kearsipan 12, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/khazanah.47711.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jaringan informasi dan komunikasi organisasi dagang terbesar di abad 17 dan 18, Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC), khususnya organisasi VOC di Sulawesi (Makasar). Arsip yang diteliti adalah khazanah arsip VOC yang terdapat di Nationaal Archief (NA) Belanda, yaitu arsip Overgekomen Brieven en Papieren (OBP) nomor 2381. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan sumber primer arsip OBP dan sumber sekunder literatur yang berkaitan dengan jaringan dan VOC. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa arsip OBP memiliki struktur yang dapat menggambarkan sistem komunikasi VOC, dan topik yang paling banyak didiskusikan dalam korespondensi antara organisasi VOC di Makasar dengan pos-pos terluar adalah mengenai bajak laut dan perang.
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Bentel, K., F. W. Landerer, and C. Boening. "Monitoring Atlantic overturning circulation variability with GRACE-type ocean bottom pressure observations – a sensitivity study." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (August 14, 2015): 1765–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1765-2015.
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Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism for large-scale northward heat transport and thus plays an important role for global climate. Relatively warm water is transported northward in the upper layers of the North Atlantic Ocean, and after cooling at subpolar latitudes, sinks down and is transported back south in the deeper limb of the AMOC. The utility of in-situ ocean bottom pressure (OBP) observations to infer AMOC changes at single latitudes has been characterized in recent literature using output from ocean models. We extend the analysis and examine the utility of space-based observations of time-variable gravity and the inversion for ocean bottom pressure to monitor AMOC changes and variability between 20 and 60° N. Consistent with previous results, we find a strong correlation between the AMOC signal and OBP variations, mainly along the western slope of the Atlantic basin. We then use synthetic OBP data – smoothed and filtered to resemble the resolution of the GRACE gravity mission – and reconstruct geostrophic AMOC transport. Due to the coarse resolution of GRACE-like OBP fields, we find that leakage of signal across the step slopes of the ocean basin is a significant challenge at certain latitudes. However, overall, the inter-annual AMOC anomaly time series can be recovered from 20 years of monthly GRACE-like OBP fields with errors less than 1 Sverdrup.
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Heo, Jeong, Ja-Der Liang, Chang Won Kim, Hyun Young Woo, I.-Lun Shih, Tung-Hung Su, Zhong-Zhe Lin, Stanley Chang, Yasuo Urata, and Pei-Jer Chen. "Safety and dose-escalation study of a targeted oncolytic adenovirus, suratadenoturev (OBP-301), in patients with refractory advanced liver cancer: Phase I clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.459.
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459 Background: Suratadenoturev (OBP-301) is an oncolytic adenovirus that harbors a promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT) and is genetically modified to selectively replicate within and then lyse cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and optimal dosage for intratumoral (IT) injection of OBP-301 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: An open-label, non-comparative, phase I dose-escalation trial was performed in 20 patients who had refractory advanced HCC. OBP-301 was administered to the primary tumor using ultrasound guidance. A single IT injection of 1010 virus particles (VP) was administered to patients in the initial cohort (Cohort-1), and the subsequent single-dose cohorts received 1011 VP (Cohort-2), 1012 VP (Cohort-3), and 3×1012 VP (Cohort-4). A multiple dose cohort (Cohort-5) received 2×1012 VP × 3 times every 2 weeks. Each of the single-dose cohorts had 3 patients and there was a single escalating dose of OBP-301 from 1010 to 3×1012 VP. The multiple-dose cohort had 8 patients, and 6 of them received multiple escalating doses of 2×1012 VP ×3 times every 2 weeks. Results: There were 18 males and 2 females, and the median age was 59.39 years (range: 48.4–65.9). Patients had good tolerance of the single dose and multiple-dose regimens, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was more than 6×1012 VP/patient. There was no evidence of toxicity with increasing dose, but there was a greater frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in Cohorts 4–5 than in Cohorts 1–3. The most common TEAEs related to OBP-301 were influenza-like illness (30%), pyrexia (15%), and fatigue, decreased platelet count, abdominal distension, and anemia (10% each). The overall intrahepatic mRECIST response occurred in 7 patients (39%) with confirmed stable disease (SD) and 11 (61%) with progressive disease (PD). The best target response occurred in 14 patients (78%) and 4 (22%) of them had PD. There was evidence of OBP-301 replication-dependent dissemination in the blood. Cohorts 4–5 had about 50% greater levels of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood after OBP-301 injection. Conclusions: Multiple IT injections of OBP-301 are well-tolerated in advanced HCC. Although antitumor activity of the study medication alone would not be demonstrated obviously, SD observed as best local response was higher than as overall response. Improved anti-tumor efficacy can be achieved with adjusting viral injection volume to the target sites as well as with adopting the combination therapy with another immunothrapeutics in further study (JRCT ID: jRCT2033200223). Clinical trial information: NCT02293850.
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Khan, Uqba, Talia Biran, Allyson J. Ocean, Elizabeta C. Popa, Joseph T. Ruggiero, Doru Paul, Chelsea Garcia, et al. "Phase II study of a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-301, Telomelysin) in combination with pembrolizumab in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): TPS4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps4145.
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TPS4145 Background: Although checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) can produce durable responses in gastric cancer patients (pts) in the 3rd line setting, the response rate is only 10-15%. Therefore, there is a huge unmet need to enhance the response rate of CPIs to provide benefit to wide range of pts. A novel concept in immuno-oncology is the use of cancer specific oncolytic viral therapy. In addition to the specific killing of the tumor by the virus, these agents can induce an immunogenic cell death in the tumor to augment the immune activation driven by PD-1 inhibition. OBP-301 is an oncolytic adenovirus genetically modified to be able to selectively replicate in cancer cells by introducing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter. Results of a phase I study of OBP-301 in solid tumor pts demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intra-tumoral injection of OBP-301. A pre-clinical study of the combination of OBP-301 with anti-PD-1 antibody has also shown significant synergistic activity as well. Based on these encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data, we designed a phase II clinical trial to examine the safety and efficacy of combination of pembrolizumab and OBP-301 in the treatment of PD-L1 positive metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Methods: This is a multicenter, non-randomized phase II trial of OBP-301 with pembrolizumab in metastatic gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma that has progressed on at least 2 lines of prior therapy. Eligibility criteria include PD-L1 positive tumors as defined by a combined positive score, performance status ≤1, and good end organ function. The primary endpoints are to examine objective response rate and safety of OBP-301 with pembrolizumab. The secondary endpoints are to examine disease control rate, duration of response, overall survival and progression free survival. Correlative studies are planned to identify biomarkers for response to combination therapy by using multiparameter flowcytometry, single-cell transcriptional profiling and immunohistochemistry. All eligible pts will receive 1x1012Viral Particles/mL of OBP-301 administered every 2 weeks for total of 4 injections, injected directly into tumor via upper endoscopy. Every pt will also receive pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks for 2 years or until progression. Pts will be enrolled in a Simon two stage design, with 18 pts in the first stage. If 3 or more pts respond to the combination therapy, the study will move forward to stage 2, with 19 more pts enrolled. The study is currently enrolling pts.
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Romero-Mendez, Mauricio J., and Ángel N. Rojas-Velázquez. "COMPORTAMIENTO DE UN FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERACIÓN LENTA A BASE DE ORGANOBENTONITA-FOSFATO EN PLANTAS DE LECHUGA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 1 (July 20, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.1.51.
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En la búsqueda de mayor eficiencia de los fertilizantes se ha investigado la viabilidad de materiales naturales para la liberación lenta de nutrientes. Este trabajo tuvo el propósito de evaluar el efecto de un fertilizante organobentonita-fosfato (OBP) preparado por adsorción de fosfato sobre organobentonita (OB) en el crecimiento de plantas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.). Se evaluaron ocho tratamientos en un sistema hidropónico de raíz flotante con diferentes proporciones de P aportado con OBP (%) en soluciones Steiner con o sin P reducido (%): 1) 0/100, 2) 25/75, 3) 50/50, 4) 75/25, 5) 25/0, 6) 50/0, 7) 75/0 y 8) 100/0. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con seis repeticiones, cada unidad experimental fue una planta individual. Adicionalmente, en laboratorio se realizó un experimento sin plantas, para evaluar la liberación del P de la OBP. La liberación de P incrementó a mayor contenido de OBP; el P liberado a los 35 días fue mayor en el tratamiento 100/0 (7.27 mg L-1) y menor en los tratamientos 25/75 (3.27 mg L-1) y 25/0 (2.18 mg L-1). El consumo de P por las plantas fue mayor en los tratamientos con más fertilizante soluble en el medio debido a que la OBP liberó P lentamente. La OB puede adsorber P y posteriormente liberarlo gradualmente, lo que indica su uso potencial como fertilizante de lenta liberación.
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Platonova, E. V., E. Yu Fedorova, and V. M. Gorbunov. "Office blood pressure: overcoming the problems of diagnosis and control of arterial hypertension treatment." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 21, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3263.
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Some national guidelines since 2017 considered the most common method for diagnosing and controlling hypertension (HTN) (office blood pressure (OBP) measurement) as screening only. Automated OBP (AOBP) measurement claims to be a unique method by obtaining a standardized result, even in primary health care. AOBP improves the reliability of data by reducing the influence of various errors on result. However, although the level of AOBP is on average lower than similar OBP in clinical and research practice and is comparable to the mean 24-hour BP monitoring, at present, all international guidelines emphasize the mandatory use of ambulatory BP measurements for diagnostic purposes. Whether the results of AOBP and the reference level ≥130/80 mm Hg are equivalent with the same OBP level, the use of which is associated with an increase in the prevalence of hypertension and insufficient control of antihypertensive therapy, is a question for research. Compared with conventional OBP, the use of AOBP in conjunction with outpatient measurement leads to a reduction in the proportion and timing of initiation of treatment in patients with masked HTN, whose cardiovascular risk is similar to that of patients with stable HTN. However, the widespread implementation of AOBP is hindered by the high cost and lack of accumulated data. The review analyzes in detail the limitations and advantages of various types of BP measurement, as well as the potential of using AOBP in modern clinical and research practice.
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Kim, Kwangwook, Yijie He, Cynthia N. Jinno, Lauren L. Kovanda, Xunde Li, David Bravo, Eric Cox, and Yanhong Liu. "391 Young Scholar Award Talk: Supplementation of Oligosaccharide-Based Polymer Enhanced Growth and Disease Resistance of Weaned Pigs by Modulating Intestinal Integrity and Systemic Immunity." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.359.
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Abstract Oligosaccharides have been reported to possess ETEC receptor activity for bacterial adhesions; thus, additional supplementation may efficiently prevent enterotoxin-induced secretory diarrhea. Moreover, grafted polymers that combine multiple substances have been proposed for their potential synergistic effects on preventing human and animal diseases. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on growth performance, diarrhea severity, intestinal health, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) when compared with in-feed antibiotics. Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (CON), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg antibiotics (Carbadox; CAR), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer (OBP). The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. All pigs were orally inoculated with 3mL of F18 ETEC for 3 consecutive days from d 0 post-inoculation (PI). Growth performance and diarrhea severity were measured throughout the experiment. Blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal mucosa samples were collected during the peak infection period (d 2 and d 5 PI) and recovery period (d 11 PI). Pigs in CAR or OBP treatment groups had greater (P<0.05) body weight on d 5 or d 11 PI than pigs in the CON group, respectively. Supplementation of CAR or OBP enhanced (P<0.05) feed efficiency from d 0 to 5 PI and reduced (P<0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment, compared with pigs in the CON group. Pigs in CAR or OBP groups had reduced (P<0.05) neutrophil counts and serum haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the CON group on d 2 and 5 PI. Pigs in OBP reduced (P<0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI, whereas pigs in CAR or OBP groups had reduced (P<0.05) total coliforms in the spleen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the CON group. On d 5 PI, pigs in the OBP group had greater (P<0.05) gene expression of ZO1 in jejunal mucosa, but less (P<0.05) mRNA expression of IL1B, IL6, and TNF in ileal mucosa, in comparison with pigs in the CON group. On d 11 PI, supplementation of CAR or OBP up-regulated (P<0.05) gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa, but OBP reduced (P<0.05) IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa compared to pigs in the CON group. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer improved growth performance, alleviated diarrhea severity, and enhanced gut health in weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18 in a manner similar to in-feed antibiotics.
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Sharma, OP, Rajeev K Singla, Birendra Shrivastava, Varadaraj Bhat G, Gautham G Shenoy, B. S. Jayashree, and K. K. Sreenivasan. "Synthesis, Spectral Characterization & Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Novel Pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 01 (2012): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.07.
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In the present work, we had synthesized some novel pyrimidine-2,4-diones by condensing various substituted amines with 3-substituted -6-chlorouracil. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized using physical & spectral data. Novel pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-diones were then screened for their antimicrobial profile using Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion(KBDD) method. The anti-bacterial data reveals that compounds OBP-08 and OBP-10 had better activity against tested gram-positive organism whereas OBP-06 found to have better anti-fungal activity than rest of the compounds when tested against Aspergillus niger & Penicillium marneffei. This study lead us to conclude that pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones may be the desired scaffold to generate lead anti-infective agents. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.
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BOUDJELAL, Mohamed, Asipu SIVAPRASADARAO, and John B. C. FINDLAY. "Membrane receptor for odour-binding proteins." Biochemical Journal 317, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3170023.
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Specific binding of 125I-labelled bovine odour-binding protein (OBP) to isolated membranes from nasal mucosa was demonstrated. The interaction reached equilibrium within 30 min at 37 °C and was reversible. A Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding revealed a single population of binding sites, with the calculated equilibrium dissociation constant and maximum number of binding sites being 2.25±0.5 μM and 18.5±2 pmol/mg of membrane protein respectively (n = 2). Receptor activity was decreased on digestion by trypsin, proteinase K or endoglycosidase H, was heat labile and was sensitive to thiol-group-specific reagents. With the exception of rat and mouse major urinary proteins, which exhibit a high degree of structural similarity with OBP and bind similar ligands, other members of the lipocalin family, such as retinol-binding protein and β-lactoglobulin, failed to inhibit the binding of 125I-labelled OBP to its receptor. The receptor seems not to be restricted to olfactory tissues, as it was detected in a variety of other tissues. This suggests that OBP is unlikely to play a role only in olfactory signal transduction. It might have a much broader role within the body; possibilities include a role in detoxification or signalling.
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Bentel, K., F. W. Landerer, and C. Boening. "Monitoring Atlantic overturning circulation and transport variability with GRACE-type ocean bottom pressure observations – a sensitivity study." Ocean Science 11, no. 6 (December 11, 2015): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-953-2015.
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Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism for large-scale northward heat transport and thus plays an important role for global climate. Relatively warm water is transported northward in the upper layers of the North Atlantic Ocean and, after cooling at subpolar latitudes, sinks down and is transported back south in the deeper limb of the AMOC. The utility of in situ ocean bottom pressure (OBP) observations to infer AMOC changes at single latitudes has been characterized in the recent literature using output from ocean models. We extend the analysis and examine the utility of space-based observations of time-variable gravity and the inversion for ocean bottom pressure to monitor AMOC changes and variability between 20 and 60° N. Consistent with previous results, we find a strong correlation between the AMOC signal and OBP variations, mainly along the western slope of the Atlantic Basin. We then use synthetic OBP data – smoothed and filtered to resemble the resolution of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity mission, but without errors – and reconstruct geostrophic AMOC transport. Due to the coarse resolution of GRACE-like OBP fields, we find that leakage of signal across the step slopes of the ocean basin is a significant challenge at certain latitudes. Transport signal rms is of a similar order of magnitude as error rms for the reconstructed time series. However, the interannual AMOC anomaly time series can be recovered from 20 years of monthly GRACE-like OBP fields with errors less than 1 sverdrup in many locations.
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Ahrens, Fred, David Dobrzykowski, and William Sawaya. "Addressing mass-customization trade-offs in bottom of the pyramid markets." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2018-0048.
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Purpose Manufacturers find bottom of the pyramid (BOP) markets challenging to serve due to low margins and highly localized needs. As such, residents in BOP markets often go without products commonly available in developed countries. Going without medical equipment may negatively affect healthcare services. This study develops a supply chain design strategy that supports the production of medical equipment by preserving variety flexibility at low volumes that stands to create new market opportunities for manufacturers and improve healthcare for residents in BOP markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors introduce a mass-customization model called options-based planning (OBP) which offers a framework to both leverage the efficiencies of high volume production models and provide products that are customized to local market needs. An empirical simulation, grounded in data collected from a large international manufacturer of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment, illustrates how an OBP production strategy will likely perform under BOP conditions and facilitate the delivery of healthcare equipment to BOP markets. Findings OBP provides a means for manufacturers to provide the customization necessary to serve fragmented BOP markets, while enabling higher production volume to make serving these markets more feasible. The empirical simulation reveals the relative benefits of OBP under conditions of forecast uncertainty, product complexity (number of design parameters) and different levels of responsiveness. Social implications Increased access to modern medical equipment should improve healthcare outcomes for consumers in BOP markets. Originality/value The MRI context in BOP markets serves to illustrate the value of the OBP model for manufacturers.
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Stergiou, George S., Ioanna Bountzona, Christina Alamara, Andriani Vazeou, Anastasios Kollias, and Angeliki Ntineri. "Reproducibility of Office and Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurements in Children." Hypertension 77, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16531.
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This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of office (OBP), ambulatory (ABP), and home blood pressure (HBP) measurements in children and adolescents, and their implications in diagnosing hypertension in clinical practice and in pediatric hypertension research. Apparently healthy children and adolescents referred for suspected hypertension were included. Measurements of 2-visit OBP, 7-day HBP, and 24-hour ABP were performed twice, 1 to 6 months apart. Reproducibility was quantified using the SD of differences between repeated measurements. The sample size of clinical trials comparing the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs using each method was calculated. Fifty-eight individuals were analyzed (mean age, 13.0±2.9 years, 60.3% boys). The reproducibility of 24-hour ABP (SD of differences 5.7/4.5 systolic/diastolic) and HBP (5.9/5.0 mm Hg) were comparable and superior to that of visit-2 OBP (9.2/7.8) and awake (6.7/5.5) or asleep ABP (7.6/6.1). As a consequence, a parallel-group comparative trial aiming to detect a difference in the effect of 2 drugs of 10 mm Hg systolic BP, would require 36 participants when using OBP measurements, 14 using 24-hour ABP, and 15 using HBP (102/34/42 respectively for detecting a 5 mm Hg difference in diastolic BP). For a crossover design trial, the corresponding sample sizes are 9/3/4 for systolic BP and 26/9/11 for diastolic, respectively. These data suggest that in children and adolescents 24-hour ABP and 7-day HBP have similar reproducibility, superior to OBP and daytime or asleep ABP. These findings have major implications in diagnosing hypertension in children in clinical practice and in designing clinical research trials in pediatric hypertension.
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Sukirno, Apriles Lusein, Eka Prabawa, and Sopan Mukti. "DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN RESOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INDONESIA’S TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES WITH MALAYSIA IN TANJUNG DATU." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v7i2.1233.
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<div><p class="Els-history-head">Based on the fact that as an archipelago, Indonesia shares borders with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia. With a large number of territorial borders of Indonesia and other countries, it has resulted in various cooperative relationships or various border problems between Indonesia and these neighboring countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of defense diplomacy and its analysis to include the Tanjung Datu Phase as the Indonesia-Malaysia Outstanding Boundary Problem (OBP). The writing method used is qualitative, wherein in this analysis, the writer does not make calculations. The findings of this study are the subject of Indonesia's defense diplomacy to include the Tanjung Datu Phase as OBP Indonesia-Malaysia, namely the national regional coordination committee (Pankorwilnas), Directorate of Topography of the Army, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Home Affairs, and Outstanding Boundary Problem (OBP). Meanwhile, the object of Indonesia's defense diplomacy to include the Tanjung Datu Phase as OBP Indonesia-Malaysia is in the form of Indonesia's goal, namely as the implementation of national interests in achieving its territorial sovereignty, and this is included in the scope of the defense.</p></div>
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Chambers, Don P., and Josh K. Willis. "A Global Evaluation of Ocean Bottom Pressure from GRACE, OMCT, and Steric-Corrected Altimetry." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho738.1.
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Abstract Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Ocean Model for Circulation and Tides (OMCT) are compared globally with OBP computed from altimetry corrected for steric variations from Argo floats from January 2005 to December 2007. Two methods of smoothing the GRACE data are examined. The first uses a standard Gaussian smoother with a radius of 300 km. The second method projects those smoothed maps onto empirical orthogonal functions derived from OMCT in a least squares estimation in order to produce maps that better agree with the physical processes embodied by the model. These new maps agree significantly better with estimates from the steric-corrected altimetry, reducing the variance on average by 30% over 70% of the ocean. This is compared to smaller reductions over only 14% of the ocean using the 300-km Gaussian maps and 56% of the ocean using OMCT maps. The OMCT maps do not reduce variance as much in the Southern Ocean where OBP variations are largest, whereas the GRACE maps do. Based on this analysis, it is estimated that the local, or point-to-point, uncertainty of new EOF filtered maps of GRACE OBP is 1.3 (one standard deviation).
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Kolonko, Aureliusz, Joanna Musialik, Jerzy Chudek, Magdalena Bartmańska, Natalia Słabiak-Błaż, Agata Kujawa-Szewieczek, Piotr Kuczera, Katarzyna Kwiecień-Furmańczuk, and Andrzej Więcek. "Changes in Office Blood Pressure Control, Augmentation Index, and Liver Steatosis in Kidney Transplant Patients after Successful Hepatitis C Infection Treatment with Direct Antiviral Agents." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040948.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) can be successfully treated with direct antiviral agents (DAA). The aim of our study was to analyze different measures of vascular function during and after the DAA treatment. As we have observed the improvement of blood pressure (BP) control in some individuals, we have conducted an analysis of potential explanatory mechanisms behind this finding. Twenty-eight adult KTRs were prospectively evaluated before and 15 months after start of DAA therapy. Attended office BP (OBP), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and liver steatosis assessment (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)) were measured. In half of the patients, improvement of OBP control (decline of systolic BP by at least 20 mmHg or reduction of the number of antihypertensive drugs used) and parallel central aortic pressure parameters, including AIx, was observed. There was a significant decrease in CAP mean values (241 ± 54 vs. 209 ± 30 dB/m, p < 0.05) only in patients with OBP control improvement. Half of our KTRs cohort after successful HCV eradication noted clinically important improvement of both OBP control and central aortic pressure parameters, including AIx. The concomitant decrease of liver steatosis was observed only in the subgroup of patients with improvement of blood pressure control.
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Olsson, Monica, Ka-Wei Tang, Cecilia Persson, L. Marcus Wilhelmsson, Martin Billeter, and Per Elias. "Stepwise Evolution of the Herpes Simplex Virus Origin Binding Protein and Origin of Replication." Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, no. 24 (April 7, 2009): 16246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m807551200.
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The herpes simplex virus replicon consists of cis-acting sequences, oriS and oriL, and the origin binding protein (OBP) encoded by the UL9 gene. Here we identify essential structural features in the initiator protein OBP and the replicator sequence oriS, and we relate the appearance of these motifs to the evolutionary history of the alphaherpesvirus replicon. Our results reveal two conserved sequence elements in herpes simplex virus type 1, OBP; the RVKNL motif, common to and specific for all alphaherpesviruses, is required for DNA binding, and the WP XXXGAXXFXX L motif, found in a subset of alphaherpesviruses, is required for specific binding to the single strand DNA-binding protein ICP8. A 121-amino acid minimal DNA binding domain containing conserved residues is not soluble and does not bind DNA. Additional sequences present 220 amino acids upstream from the RVKNL motif are needed for solubility and function. We also examine the binding sites for OBP in origins of DNA replication and how they are arranged. NMR and DNA melting experiments demonstrate that origin sequences derived from many, but not all, alphaherpesviruses can adopt stable boxI/boxIII hairpin conformations. Our results reveal a stepwise evolutionary history of the herpes simplex virus replicon and suggest that replicon divergence contributed to the formation of major branches of the herpesvirus family.
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Zhang, Hao, Jin-Yan Wang, Nian-Feng Wan, Yi-Juan Chen, Xiang-Yun Ji, and Jie-Xian Jiang. "Identification and expression profile of odorant-binding proteins in the parasitic wasp Microplitis pallidipes using PacBio long-read sequencing." Parasite 29 (2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2022053.
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Microplitis pallidipes Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important parasitic wasp of second and third-instar noctuid larvae such as the insect pests Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera frugiperda. As in other insects, M. pallidipes has a chemosensory recognition system that is critical to foraging, mating, oviposition, and other behaviors. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are important to the system, but those of M. pallidipes have not been determined. This study used PacBio long-read sequencing to identify 170,980 M. pallidipes unigenes and predicted 129,381 proteins. Following retrieval of possible OBP sequences, we removed those that were redundant or non-full-length and eventually cloned five OBP sequences: MpOBP2, MpOBP3, MpOBP8, MpOBP10, and MpPBP 429, 429, 459, 420, and 429 bp in size, respectively. Each M. pallidipes OBP had six conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the five OBPs were located at different branches of the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, tissue expression profiles indicated that MpOBP2 and MpPBP were mainly expressed in the antennae of male wasps, while MpOBP3, MpOBP8, and MpOBP10 were mainly expressed in the antennae of female wasps. MpOBP3 was also highly expressed in the legs of female wasps. Temporal profiles revealed that the expression of each M. pallidipes OBP peaked at different days after emergence to adulthood. In conclusion, we identified five novel odorant-binding proteins of M. pallidipes and demonstrated biologically relevant differences in expression patterns.
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Psillas, Sarah, and Wendy Stav. "Occupation-Based Practice (OBP) in OT." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2020): 7411505097p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-po1312.
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Stanishneva-Konovalova, T. B., E. B. Pichkur, P. I. Semenyuk, L. P. Kurochkina, and O. S. Sokolova. "ATP-bound Conformation of OBP Chaperonin." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, S2 (August 2019): 1334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619007402.
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Guo, Yixuan, Ye Zhang, Mingyou Liu, Xia Chen, and Xiaofei Tian. "Kinetics of delignification and carbohydrate degradation during the ozone bleaching of low-consistency hardwood pulps." BioResources 17, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.429-444.
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With rising concern for environmental protection, the use of ozone has been increasingly studied in the pulp and paper industry. Feasible models for efficient quality prediction and process control are in high industrial demand. In this study, the reaction kinetics of delignification and viscosity during the ozone bleaching process (OBP) of low-consistency hardwood pulp (LCHP) are explored using exponential and zero-order response models, respectively. The effects of ozone dose, reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH on the changes in residual lignin content and pulp viscosity were analyzed. The corresponding kinetic parameters, such as the reaction order, rate constant (k), and activation energy (E), were also obtained. The models suggest that temperature should be one of the most significant factors affecting the effectiveness of the OBP system. The strategy to improve the OBP selectivity is based on reducing the reaction temperature while increasing the ozone concentration and pH in the reaction system.
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Guo, Yixuan, Ye Zhang, Mingyou Liu, Xia Chen, and Xiaofei Tian. "Kinetics of delignification and carbohydrate degradation during the ozone bleaching of low-consistency hardwood pulps." BioResources 17, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.429-444.
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With rising concern for environmental protection, the use of ozone has been increasingly studied in the pulp and paper industry. Feasible models for efficient quality prediction and process control are in high industrial demand. In this study, the reaction kinetics of delignification and viscosity during the ozone bleaching process (OBP) of low-consistency hardwood pulp (LCHP) are explored using exponential and zero-order response models, respectively. The effects of ozone dose, reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH on the changes in residual lignin content and pulp viscosity were analyzed. The corresponding kinetic parameters, such as the reaction order, rate constant (k), and activation energy (E), were also obtained. The models suggest that temperature should be one of the most significant factors affecting the effectiveness of the OBP system. The strategy to improve the OBP selectivity is based on reducing the reaction temperature while increasing the ozone concentration and pH in the reaction system.
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Halford, William P., Clinton D. Kemp, Jennifer A. Isler, David J. Davido, and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "ICP0, ICP4, or VP16 Expressed from Adenovirus Vectors Induces Reactivation of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Primary Cultures of Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglion Cells." Journal of Virology 75, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 6143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.13.6143-6153.2001.
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ABSTRACT In a previous study, we demonstrated that infected-cell polypeptide 0 (ICP0) is necessary for the efficient reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in primary cultures of latently infected trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells (W. P. Halford and P. A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 75:3240–3249, 2001). The present study was undertaken to determine whether ICP0 is sufficient to trigger HSV-1 reactivation in latently infected TG cells. To test this hypothesis, replication-defective adenovirus vectors that express wild-type and mutant forms of ICP0 under the control of a tetracycline response element (TRE) promoter were constructed. Similar adenovirus vectors encoding wild-type ICP4, wild-type and mutant forms of the HSV-1 origin-binding protein (OBP), and wild-type and mutant forms of VP16 were also constructed. The TRE promoter was induced by coinfection of Vero cells with the test vector and an adenovirus vector that expresses the reverse tetracycline-regulated transactivator in the presence of doxycycline. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that transcription of the OBP gene in the adenovirus expression vector increased as a function of doxycycline concentration over a range of 0.1 to 10 μM. Likewise, Western blot analysis demonstrated that addition of 3 μM doxycycline to adenovirus vector-infected Vero cells resulted in a 100-fold increase in OBP expression. Wild-type forms of ICP0, ICP4, OBP, and VP16 expressed from adenovirus vectors were functional based on their ability to complement plaque formation in Vero cells by replication-defective HSV-1 strains with mutations in these genes. Adenovirus vectors that express wild-type forms of ICP0, ICP4, or VP16 induced reactivation of HSV-1 in 86% ± 5%, 86% ± 5%, and 97% ± 5% of TG cell cultures, respectively (means ± standard deviations). In contrast, vectors that express wild-type OBP or mutant forms of ICP0, OBP, or VP16 induced reactivation in 5% ± 5%, 8% ± 0%, 0% ± 0%, and 13% ± 6% of TG cell cultures, respectively. In control infections, an adenovirus vector expressed green fluorescent protein efficiently in TG neurons but did not induce HSV-1 reactivation. Therefore, expression of ICP0, ICP4, or VP16 is sufficient to induce HSV-1 reactivation in latently infected TG cell cultures. We conclude that this system provides a powerful tool for determining which cellular and viral proteins are sufficient to induce HSV-1 reactivation from neuronal latency.
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Schildgen, Oliver, Sascha Gräper, Johannes Blümel, and Bertfried Matz. "Genome Replication and Progeny Virion Production of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutants with Temperature-Sensitive Lesions in the Origin-Binding Protein." Journal of Virology 79, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 7273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.11.7273-7278.2005.
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ABSTRACT Genome replication of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) in cultured cells is thought to be started by the action of the virus-encoded origin-binding protein (OBP). In experiments using two HSV-1 mutants with temperature-sensitive lesions in the helicase domain of OBP, we demonstrated that this function is essential during the first 6 hours of the lytic cycle. Once DNA synthesis has started, this function is no longer required, suggesting that origin-driven initiation of viral DNA replication is a single event rather than a continuous process.
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Gunawan, Florence, Hui Yi Ng, Christopher Gilfillan, and Mahesan Anpalahan. "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study." Current Hypertension Reviews 15, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573402114666180607090205.
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Background: Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not yet routine in clinical practice. Objectives: To quantify abnormal ABP patterns and their associations with diabetic complications, and to assess the reliability of office blood pressure (OBP) for assessing BP in T2DM. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, eligible patients with T2DM underwent OBP and 24- hour ABP measurements under standardized conditions and screening for diabetic complications. Results: 56 patients (mean age 67 ± 10 years, males 50%) completed assessment. 43(73%) had a known history of hypertension. Non-dipping and nocturnal systolic hypertension (SHT) were prevalent in 31(55%) and 32(57%) patients, respectively. 16(29%) demonstrated masked phenomenon, but only three (7%) demonstrated white coat effect. Nocturnal SHT had a significant association with composite microvascular complications independent of daytime systolic BP control (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.72(CI 1.41-4.25). There was no association between other abnormal ABP patterns and diabetic complications. The sensitivity and specificity of OBP for diagnosing HT or assessing BP control was 59% and 68% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 74% and 52% respectively. Conclusion: Non-dipping, reverse dipping, nocturnal SHT and masked phenomenon are highly prevalent in patients with T2DM with or without a known history of hypertension. Compared with non-dipping, nocturnal SHT may be a stronger predictor of end organ damage. The reliability of OBP for assessing BP in T2DM is only modest. Patients with T2DM are likely to benefit from routine ABP monitoring.
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Peralta-Ferriz, Cecilia, James H. Morison, John M. Wallace, Jennifer A. Bonin, and Jinlun Zhang. "Arctic Ocean Circulation Patterns Revealed by GRACE." Journal of Climate 27, no. 4 (February 10, 2014): 1445–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00013.1.
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Abstract Measurements of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) anomalies from the satellite mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), complemented by information from two ocean models, are used to investigate the variations and distribution of the Arctic Ocean mass from 2002 through 2011. The forcing and dynamics associated with the observed OBP changes are explored. Major findings are the identification of three primary temporal–spatial modes of OBP variability at monthly-to-interannual time scales with the following characteristics. Mode 1 (50% of the variance) is a wintertime basin-coherent Arctic mass change forced by southerly winds through Fram Strait, and to a lesser extent through Bering Strait. These winds generate northward geostrophic current anomalies that increase the mass in the Arctic Ocean. Mode 2 (20%) reveals a mass change along the Siberian shelves, driven by surface Ekman transport and associated with the Arctic Oscillation. Mode 3 (10%) reveals a mass dipole, with mass decreasing in the Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas, and mass increasing in the Barents and Kara Seas. During the summer, the mass decrease on the East Siberian shelves is due to the basin-scale anticyclonic atmospheric circulation that removes mass from the shelves via Ekman transport. During the winter, the forcing mechanisms include a large-scale cyclonic atmospheric circulation in the eastern-central Arctic that produces mass divergence into the Canada Basin and the Barents Sea. In addition, strengthening of the Beaufort high tends to remove mass from the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Supporting previous modeling results, the month-to-month variability in OBP associated with each mode is predominantly of barotropic character.