Relevant bibliographies by topics / OBP

Academic literature on the topic 'OBP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "OBP"

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Du, Yuzhe, and Jian Chen. "The Odorant Binding Protein, SiOBP5, Mediates Alarm Pheromone Olfactory Recognition in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111595.

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Olfaction is crucial in mediating various behaviors of social insects such as red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Olfactory receptor (OR) complexes consist of odor-specific ORs and OR co-receptors (Orco). Orcos are highly conserved across insect taxa and are widely co-expressed with ORs. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) can transport semiochemicals to ORs as protein carriers and thus constitute the first molecular recognition step in insect olfaction. In this study, three OBP genes highly expressed in S. invicta antenna, OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco were partially silenced using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi SiOBP5- and Orco-injected ants showed significantly lower EAG (electroantennography) responses to fire ant alarm pheromones and the alkaloid, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine than water- or GFP-injected ants 72 h post injection. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of the OBP1, OBP5, OBP6, and Orco significantly decreased 72 h after ants were injected with dsRNAs; however, there were no transcript level or EAG changes in ants fed dsRNAs. Our results suggest that S. invicta Orco and SiOBP5 are crucial to fire ants for their responses to alarm pheromones. RNAi knocking down SiOBP5 can significantly disrupt alarm pheromone communication, suggesting that disrupting SiOBP5 and Orcos could be potentially useful in the management of red imported fire ants.
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Silva, Diego, Ricardo Ceballos, Nolberto Arismendi, Anne Dalmon, and Marisol Vargas. "Variant A of the Deformed Wings Virus Alters the Olfactory Sensitivity and the Expression of Odorant Binding Proteins on Antennas of Apis mellifera." Insects 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100895.

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Insects have a highly sensitive sense of smell, allowing them to perform complex behaviors, such as foraging and peer recognition. Their sense of smell is based on the recognition of ligands and is mainly coordinated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). In Apis mellifera, behavior can be affected by different pathogens, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and its variants. In particular, it has been shown that variant A of DWV (DWV-A) is capable of altering the ultra-cellular structure associated with olfactory activity. In this study was evaluated olfactory sensitivity and the expression of OBP genes in honey bees inoculated with DWV-A. Electroantennographic analyses (EAG) were carried out to determine the olfactory sensitivity to the essential oils Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita. The expression of nine antenna-specific OBP genes and DWV-A load in inoculated bees was also quantified by qPCR. We observed an inverse relationship between viral load and olfactory sensitivity and the expression of some OBP proteins. Thus, high viral loads reduced olfactory sensitivity to essential oils and the gene expression of the OBP2, OBP5, OBP11, and OBP12 proteins on the antennas of middle- and forager-age bees. These results suggest that DWV-A could have negative effects on the processes of aroma perception by worker bees, affecting their performance in tasks carried out in and outside the colony.
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Pappaccogli, M., F. Rabbia, S. Di Monaco, E. Perlo, C. Maldarizzi, E. Eula, C. Fulcheri, A. Milan, P. Mulatero, and F. Veglio. "NURSE-OBP." Journal of Hypertension 36, Supplement 1 (June 2018): e73-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000539172.64893.3b.

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Liu, Shao, Li, Cui, Li, Zhou, Lv, and Zhang. "Synthesis, Antibacterial Activities, Mode of Action and Acute Toxicity Studies of New Oxazolidinone-Fluoroquinolone Hybrids." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081641.

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To combat bacterial resistance, a series of new oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone hybrids have been synthesized and characterized. All synthetic hybrids were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against 6 standard strains and 3 clinical isolates. The majority of hybrids displayed excellent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, but limited activities against Gram-negative bacteria. Hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 were found to be the most promising compounds. Further, in vitro antibacterial activities, mode of action and acute toxicity in mice of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 were investigated. Hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 exhibited potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Correspondingly, studies on the mode of action of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 indicated a strong inhibitory activity on protein synthesis by binding the active site of 50S subunit, but a weak inhibitory action on DNA synthesis. In addition, LD50 values of hybrids OBP-4 and OBP-5 in the acute oral toxicity were larger than 2000 mg/kg, suggesting a good safety profile.
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Ju, Qian, Ming-jing Qu, Ying Wang, Xiao-jing Jiang, Xiao Li, Shuang-lin Dong, and Zhao-jun Han. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela." Genome 55, no. 7 (July 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-042.

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The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, is an economically important pest worldwide. Odorant-based lures and traps are being developed as a key kind of alternative control measures for this pest, and studies to reveal the mechanisms for chemotaxis in this pest are necessary. Two full-length cDNAs encoding different odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were cloned. The predicted proteins were found to have the functional domains characteristic of typical OBPs and share a high degree of sequence similarity with OBP1 and OBP2 from other insects and were therefore designated as H. parallela OBP-1 and H. parallela OBP-2 (HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2, respectively). These two OBPs were specifically expressed in antennae. The binding affinity of two purified proteins indicated that HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2 could selectively interact with various volatiles emitted from host plants and pheromone components. Among the 10 chemicals tested, HparOBP-1 could bind to six of the tested compounds with a dissociation concentration (Ki) less than 20, and HparOBP-2 could bind to three of the compounds. The two OBPs are probably involved in chemotaxis of the dark black chafer. This discovery should accelerate research on chemical communications of this pest, which could potentially lead to the improvement of control measures based on lures and traps.
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Isler, Jennifer A., and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Phosphorylation of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin Binding Protein." Journal of Virology 75, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.2.628-637.2001.

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ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein (OBP), the product of the UL9 gene, is one of seven HSV-encoded proteins required for viral DNA replication. OBP performs multiple functions characteristic of a DNA replication initiator protein, including origin-specific DNA binding and ATPase and helicase activities, as well as the ability to interact with viral and cellular proteins involved in DNA replication. Replication initiator proteins in other systems, including those of other DNA viruses, are known to be regulated by phosphorylation; however, the role of phosphorylation in OBP function has been difficult to assess due to the low level of OBP expression in HSV-infected cells. Using a metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation approach, we obtained evidence that OBP is phosphorylated during HSV-1 infection. Kinetic analysis of metabolically labeled cells indicated that the levels of OBP expression and phosphorylation increased at approximately 4 h postinfection. Notably, when expressed from a transfected plasmid, a recombinant baculovirus, or a recombinant adenovirus (AdOBP), OBP was phosphorylated minimally, if at all. In contrast, superinfection of AdOBP-infected cells with an OBP-null mutant virus increased the level of OBP phosphorylation approximately threefold, suggesting that HSV-encoded viral or HSV-induced cellular factors enhance the level of OBP phosphorylation. Using HSV mutants inhibited at sequential stages of the viral life cycle, we demonstrated that this increase in OBP phosphorylation is dependent on early protein synthesis and is independent of viral DNA replication. Based on gel mobility shift assays, phosphorylation does not appear to affect the ability of OBP to bind to the HSV origins.
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Okoli, Bamidele Joseph, Zakari Ladan, Fanyana Mtunzi, and Yayock Chigari Hosea. "Vitex negundo L. Essential Oil: Odorant Binding Protein Efficiency Using Molecular Docking Approach and Studies of the Mosquito Repellent." Insects 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121061.

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(1) Background: Malaria fever affects millions of people yearly in Africa and Asia’s tropical and subtropical areas. Because there is no effective vaccine, malaria prevention is solely dependent on avoiding human-vector interaction. (2) Aim: This study examines the interaction between the constituents of Vitex negundo essential oil and Anopheles gambiae Odorant Binding Proteins (OBP) as well as the compositional variation, repellent efficacy, and toxicity profile. (3) Methods: The oils were subjected to GC-MS and mosquito behavioral analysis. OBP–ligand interactions, Anopheles species authentication, and the toxicity profile were determined by molecular docking, PCR assay and in silico ADME/tox tool. Docking protocol validation was achieved by redocking the co-crystallized ligands into the protein binding pocket and root mean square deviation (RMSD) calculation. (4) Results: The oil yields and compositions are climate–soil dependent with ≈71.39% monoterpenes and ≈16.32% sesquiterpene. Optimal repellency is achieved at 15 min at ED50 0.08–0.48% v/v while the RMSD was estimated to be within 0.24–1.35 Å. Strong affinities were demonstrated by α-pinene (−6.4 kcal/mol), citronellal (−5.5 kcal/mol), linalool (−5.4 kcal/mol), and myrcene (−5.8 kcal/mol) for OBP1, OBP7, OBP4, and OBP; respectively. The hydrophobic interactions involve Leu17 (α-helix 1), Cys35 (α-helix 2), ALA52 (α-helix 3), Leu73, Leu76 (α-helix 4), Ala88, Met91, Lys93, Trp114 (α-helix 5), Phe123 (α-helix 6), and Leu124 (α-helix 7) receptors within the binding cavities, and may cause blocking of the olfactory receptors resulting in disorientation. (5) Conclusion: The ligand efficiency metrics, ADME/tox and repellency screening are within the threshold values; hence, α-pinene, linalool, and myrcene are safe and fit-to-use in the development of a green and novel repellent.
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Mitchell, G. B., M. E. Clark, R. Lu, and J. L. Caswell. "Localization and Functional Characterization of Pulmonary Bovine Odorant-Binding Protein." Veterinary Pathology 48, no. 6 (September 8, 2010): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810381907.

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Bovine odorant-binding protein (OBP) may function in olfaction and defense against oxidative injury, but its role in inflammation and defense against bacterial infection has not been investigated. Expression of OBP was discovered in the bovine lung and found to undergo changes in abundance during glucocorticoid administration and stress. OBP was localized to nasal, tracheal, and bronchial mucosal glands with immunohistochemistry, with faint expression in airway surface epithelium and none in bronchioles or alveoli. Two isoforms of OBP were identified, appearing to be differentially regulated during lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation, but differences between these isoforms were not revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Functional studies showed no effect of OBP on in vitro growth of Escherichia coli or Mannheimia haemolytica under iron-replete or iron-depleted conditions, nor did OBP opsonize bacteria for an enhanced neutrophil oxidative burst. However, OBP did reduce the ability of supernatants from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages to induce neutrophil chemotaxis. These findings indicate that OBP may inhibit neutrophil recruitment by inflammatory mediators, and they suggest an ability to bind macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators within the airways.
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Link, Malen A., Laurie A. Silva, and Priscilla A. Schaffer. "Cathepsin B Mediates Cleavage of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin Binding Protein (OBP) To Yield OBPC-1, and Cleavage Is Dependent upon Viral DNA Replication." Journal of Virology 81, no. 17 (June 6, 2007): 9175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00676-07.

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ABSTRACT Although the seven viral proteins required for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA replication have been identified, the mechanism by which viral DNA synthesis is regulated is unclear. HSV-1 DNA replication is thought to occur in two stages: origin-dependent DNA replication (stage I) mediated by the origin binding protein (OBP), followed by origin- and OBP-independent DNA replication (stage II). The mechanism that facilitates the switch from stage I to stage II is unknown; however, it must involve the loss of OBP function or OBP itself from the replication initiation complex. Previous studies from this laboratory identified a transcript (UL8.5) and protein (OBPC) that are in frame with and comprise the C terminus of the gene specifying OBP. Because of its DNA binding ability, OBPC has been hypothesized to mediate the switch from stage I to stage II. Here, we identify a second protein (OBPC-2) that is also in frame with the C terminus of OBP but comprises a smaller portion of the protein. We demonstrate that the protein originally identified (OBPC-1) is a cathepsin B-mediated cleavage product of OBP, while OBPC-2 may be the product of the UL8.5 transcript. We further demonstrate that the cleavage of OBP to yield OBPC-1 is dependent upon viral DNA replication. These results suggest that cleavage may be a mechanism by which OBP levels and/or activity are regulated during infection.
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Krug, Laurie T., Naoki Inoue, and Philip E. Pellett. "Sequence Requirements for Interaction of Human Herpesvirus 7 Origin Binding Protein with the Origin of Lytic Replication." Journal of Virology 75, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 3925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.8.3925-3936.2001.

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ABSTRACT As do human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and -6B), HHV-7 encodes a homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin binding protein (OBP), which binds at sites in the origin of lytic replication (oriLyt) to initiate DNA replication. In this study, we sought to characterize the interaction of the HHV-7 OBP (OBPH7) with its cognate sites in the 600-bp HHV-7oriLyt. We expressed the carboxyl-terminal domain of OBPH7 and found that amino acids 484 to 787 of OBPH7 were sufficient for DNA binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. OBPH7 has one high-affinity binding site (OBP-2) located on one flank of an AT-rich spacer element and a low-affinity site (OBP-1) on the other. This is in contrast to the HHV-6B OBP (OBPH6B), which binds with similar affinity to its two cognate OBP sites in the HHV-6BoriLyt. The minimal recognition element of the OBP-2 site was mapped to a 14-bp sequence. The OBPH7 consensus recognition sequence of the 9-bp core, BRTYCWCCT (where B is a T, G, or C; R is a G or A; Y is a T or C; and W is a T or A), overlaps with the OBPH6B consensus YGWYCWCCY and establishes YCWCC as the roseolovirus OBP core recognition sequence. Heteroduplex analysis suggests that OBPH7interacts along one face of the DNA helix, with the major groove, as do OBPH6B and herpes simplex virus type 1 OBP. Together, these results illustrate both conserved and divergent DNA binding properties between OBPH7 and OBPH6B.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "OBP"

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Barou, Emilie. "De l'ingénierie de protéines de liaison aux odorants à la détection électrochimique de molécules volatiles : vers la conception de biocapteurs et nez électroniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS045.

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La détection de molécules odorantes représente un enjeu important dans divers domaines tels que l’industrie alimentaire, le diagnostic médical et la sécurité du territoire, par exemple. En effet, les odorants, présents par milliers dans notre environnement, véhiculent de nombreuses informations, via leur nature chimique ou leur concentration. Notre système olfactif est capable de discriminer des milliers de molécules différentes via des mécanismes biochimiques impliquant l’association de nombreux partenaires protéiques et un codage combinatoire de l’information. Ces biomolécules, qui englobent notamment les récepteurs olfactifs et les protéines de liaison aux odorants (OBP), constituent une source intéressante d’éléments de détection pour la conception de biocapteurs. Les OBP sont de petites protéines solubles présentent dans le mucus nasal à des concentrations de l’ordre du millimolaire. Leur poche de liaison hydrophobe leur confère la capacité de lier de façon réversible les molécules odorantes. Leur robustesse et leur manipulation aisée en font de bonnes candidates pour l’élaboration de biocapteurs. Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection de molécules odorantes en associant des OBP comme biorécepteur et l’électrochimie comme méthode de transduction. Par une méthode de mutagenèse dirigée, nous avons montré qu’en modifiant un seul des acides aminés dans la poche de liaison de deux OBP de rat (rOBP2 et rOBP3), il était possible de moduler leurs affinités envers les odorants. En parallèle, nous avons décrit la détection qualitative et quantitative de molécules volatiles à partir d’OBP. Nous avons montré que rOBP3 lie la 2-méthyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), une sonde électrochimique. La quantité de MNQ déplacée de la poche de liaison de rOBP3 par la 3-isobutyl-2-méthoxypyrazine (IBMP), un odorant modèle, a été mesurée par voltammétrie cyclique à vagues carrées. Nous avons déterminé les constantes de dissociation des complexes rOBP3 / MNQ et rOBP3 / IBMP. Les valeurs mesurées par électrochimie ont été confirmées par compétition avec une sonde fluorescente et par titration calorimétrique isotherme. En combinant cette nouvelle méthode analytique à des variants de rOBP3 qui présentent des profils de liaison différents et complémentaires, nous avons détecté sélectivement chacun des constituants d’un mélange ternaire d’odorants. Ces travaux, qui allient ingénierie des OBP et électrochimie, offrent des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine des nez électroniques
The detection of odorant molecules has become an important challenge in different research area, such as the food industry, medical diagnostics and homeland security. Indeed, the thousands of odorants in our environment provide information on their chemical nature or their concentration. Human olfactory system is capable of discriminating thousands of different molecules thanks to biochemical mechanisms involving multiple protein receptor partners and a combinatorial coding. These biomolecules that include olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) represent an interesting source of detectors for the design of biosensors. OBPs are small soluble proteins present in nasal mucus at millimolar concentrations. Their hydrophobic binding pocket gives them the ability to reversibly bind odorant molecules. OBPs are robust and easy to produce and are thus good candidates for the design of biosensors. In this work, we focused on the detection of odorant molecules associating OBPs as a bioreceptor and electrochemistry as a transduction method. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that by substituting a single amino acid in the binding pocket of two rat OBPs (rOBP2 and rOBP3), it is possible to modulate their binding affinities towards odorants. In parallel, we described a qualitative and quantitative method for the detection of volatile molecules using OBPs. We have shown that rOBP3 binds 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), an electrochemical probe. The amount of MNQ displaced from the binding pocket of rOBP3 by the model odorant 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), was measured using square-wave voltammetry. We determined the dissociation constants of the rOBP3 / MNQ and rOBP3 / IBMP complexes. These values measured by electrochemistry were confirmed by a competitive fluorescent assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. By combining this new analytical method to rOBP3 variants with different and complementary binding profiles, we were able to selectively detect each of the components of a ternary mixture of odorants. This work, that combines the engineering of OBPs and electrochemistry, offers us interesting perspectives in the field of electronic noses
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Danesfahani, Gholam Reza. "A study in optimising a multicarrier demultiplexer demodulator (MCDD) for on-board processing (OBP) satellites." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309262.

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Millery, Julie. "Une adaptation du système olfactif au milieu aérien : les Olfactory-Binding Protein (OBP) chez Xenopus laevis et Xenopus tropicalis." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS047.

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Les Olfactory-binding protein (OBP), sont des protéines largement retrouvées dans le mucus olfactif d’un grand nombre de vertébrés mais elles n’ont cependant jamais été mises en évidence chez le poisson. Assez peu de choses sont connues sur leur fonction exacte au sein du système olfactif mais un rôle dans l’adaptation de ce système au milieu aérien est fortement suspecté. Le xénope possède un double système olfactif composé de deux cavités l’une dédiée à l’olfaction aquatique (CM) et l’autre dédiée à l’olfaction aérienne (CP). Cette particularité nous a permis de tester notre hypothèse. Nous avons pour la première fois caractérisée des OBP chez X. Laevis et X. Tropicalis. Grâce aux techniques de transcription inverse et de RACE 3’, deux produits ont été clonés et séquencés. Ces clones ont été utilisé afin d’étudier les patrons d’expression de ces protéines au niveau du système olfactif de ces deux espèces par HIS et immunocytochimie. Les transcrits et les protéines ont été localisés uniquement au niveau de la cavité aérienne de ces deux espèces soutenant donc l’idée que ces protéines seraient impliquées dans une adaptation du système olfactif au milieu aérien. De plus, suite à une étude réalisée sur une banque de gènes étiquetés, nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’un second gène d’OBP présent chez X. Laevis uniquement et pas chez X. Tropicalis
Olfactory Binding Proteins (OBP), commonly associated with aerial olfaction, are currently found in mammals olfactory mucus, but have never been identified in fish. It is not clear yet if OBP is an adaptation of the olfactory system to an aerial environment. Adult olfactory system Xenopus is organized into two olfactory chambers which are thought to be devoted respectively to aquatic (MC) and aerial olfaction (PC). This specificity provides us the opportunity to test this alternative hypothesis. We have identified for the first time Olfactory Binding Protein in Xenopus laevis and tropicalis. By a reverse transcription and 3’ RACE strategy two products were cloned and sequenced. These cloned sequences were used to analyse the expression pattern of the gene by HIS and immunocytochemistry in the olfactory system of two Xenopus species: X. Laevis and X. Tropicalis. The transcripts and the proteins are only present in the aerial chamber supporting the idea that OBPs are an adaptation to aerial olfaction. Moreover, from an EST (expressed sequence tag) library we also demonstrated that X. Laevis has 2 different OBP genes while X. Tropicalis has only one gene
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Orra, Mike. "Study on the Simulation and Analysis of an FH/FDMA OBP Satellite Based Mobile Communication System Under Critical Channel Impairment." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1277496071.

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Foret, Sylvain, and sylvain foret@anu edu au. "Function and Evolution of Putative Odorant Carriers in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." The Australian National University. Research School of Biological Sciences, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070613.144745.

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The remarkable olfactory power of insect species is thought to be generated by a combinatorial action of G-protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) and olfactory carriers. Two such carrier gene families are found in insects: the odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs). In olfactory sensilla, OBPs and CSPs are believed to deliver hydrophobic air-borne molecules to ORs, but their expression in non-olfactory tissues suggests that they also may function as general carriers in other developmental and physiological processes. ¶ Bioinformatics and experimental approaches were used to characterise the OBP and CSP gene families in a highly social insect, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Comparison with other insects reveals that the honey bee has the smallest set of these genes, consisting of only 21 OBPs and 6 CSPs. These numbers stand in stark contrast to the 66 OBPs and 7 CSPs in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the 46 OBPs and 20 CSPs in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The genes belonging to both families are often organised in clusters, and evolve by lineage specic expansions. Positive selection has been found to play a role in generating a greater sequence diversication in the OBP family in contrast to the CSP gene family that is more conserved, especially in the binding pocket. Expression proling under a wide range of conditions shows that, in the honey, bee only a minority of these genes are antenna-specic. The remaining genes are expressed either ubiquitously, or are tightly regulated in specialized tissues or during development. These findings support the view that OBPs and CSPs are not restricted to olfaction, and are likely to be involved in broader physiological functions. ¶ Finally, the detailed expression study and the functional characterization of a member of the CSP family, uth (unable-to-hatch), is reported. This gene is expressed in a maternal-zygotic fashion, and is restricted to the egg and embryo. Blocking the zygotic expression of uth with double-stranded RNA causes abnormalities in all body parts where this gene is highly expressed. The treated embryos are `unable-to-hatch' and cannot progress to the larval stages. Our ndings reveal a novel, essential role for this gene family and suggest that uth is an ectodermal gene involved in embryonic cuticle formation.
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Campanini, Emeline Boni. "Evolução molecular e padrões de expressão de genes da família das proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs) em duas espécies de moscas-das-frutas do grupo Anastrepha fraterculus." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8772.

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Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are of great importance for survival and reproduction since they participate in initial steps of the olfactory signal transduction cascade, solubilizing and transporting chemical signals to the olfactory receptors. A comparative analysis of OBPs between closely related species may help explain how these genes evolve and are maintained under natural selection and how differences in these proteins can affect olfactory responses, and consequently lead to species differentiation. We studied OBP genes in the closely related species Anastrepha fraterculus and Anastrepha obliqua, which, albeit generalists, have different host preferences, using transcriptomes and real time quantitative PCR data. We identified 24 different OBP sequences from Anastrepha fraterculus and 25 from A. obliqua, which correspond to 21 Drosophila melanogaster OBP genes. Phylogenetic analysis separated Anastrepha OBPs sequences in four branches that represent four subfamilies: classic, minus-C, plus-C and dimer. We found evidence of positive selection in three classic subfamily genes OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c and in the plus-C subfamily gene OBP50a, and at least one duplication event that preceded the speciation of these two species. Four positively selected sites putatively resulted in radical changes in amino acid properties. Inferences on tertiary structures of putative proteins from these genes revealed that at least one positively selected change involves the binding cavity (the odorant binding region) in the plus-C OBP50a, which is important because changes in the binding cavity could change OBPs specificity. Differential gene expression analysis at different reproductive stages showed that all nine OBP genes tested were significantly differentially expressed between A. fraterculus and A. obliqua at several reproductive profiles, but OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c and both OBP56h paralogs showed the highest differences in expression levels. The results generated in this study indicated that at least seven OBP genes may be involved in the A. fraterculus e A. obliqua differentiation, and in the fraterculus group differentiation as well.
As proteínas ligantes a odores (OBPs – odorant-binding proteins) são de grande importância para a sobrevivência e reprodução, pois participam do passo inicial da cascata de transdução dos sinais olfatórios, solubilizando e transportando os sinais químicos (odores e feromônios) até os receptores olfativos. A análise comparativa dos genes OBPs entre espécies próximas pode ajudar na compreensão de como o repertório desses genes é mantido sob seleção natural, além de fornecer informações acerca de como as diferenças observadas podem afetar as respostas olfatórias e, consequentemente, levar à diferenciação dessas espécies. Estudamos genes OBP em duas espécies-irmãs Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha obliqua, as quais têm preferência por diferentes frutos hospedeiros, usando dados de transcriptomas e de PCR quantitativa. Identificamos 24 sequências OBP para A. fraterculus e 25 para A. obliqua, que corresponderam a 21 genes OBP de Drosophila melanogaster. Análises filogenéticas separaram as OBPs de Anastrepha em quatro ramos, que representam quatro subfamílias dessa família gênica: classic, minus-C, plus-C e dimer. Evidências de seleção positiva foram observadas nos genes da subfamília classic OBP56h-1, OBP56h-2 e OBP57c, e para o gene da subfamília plus-C OBP50a, e pelo menos um evento de duplicação gênica que precede a especiação dessas duas espécies. Quatro sítios selecionados positivamente resultavam em mudanças radicais nas propriedades dos aminoácidos. Inferências utilizando a estrutura terciária predita para essas OBPs revelaram que pelo menos um desses sítios faz parte da cavidade ligante ao odor de OBP50a, sendo que uma mudança nessa região pode alterar a especificidade de uma OBP. Análises de expressão por PCR quantitativa em diferentes estágios reprodutivos das moscas mostraram que todos os nove genes testados possuíam expressão gênica significativamente diferente entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua para mais de um perfil reprodutivo, sendo que OBP56a, OBP56d, OBP57c e os dois parálogos OBP56h foram os que mais apresentaram diferenças entre as duas espécies. Todos os resultados gerados pelo presente trabalho indicam que pelo menos sete genes OBP podem estar envolvidos na diferenciação entre A. fraterculus e A. obliqua e, potencialmente, na diferenciação do grupo fraterculus.
FAPESP: 2012/17160-8.
CAPES: 99999.004252/2014-04
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Arnal, Maud. "Bis(Monoacylglycéro)Phosphate, oxystérols et ORP11 : un trio régulateur du trafic du cholestérol dans les macrophages." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10288/document.

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L'athérosclérose est une complication cardiovasculaire majeure des maladies liées à une augmentation du stress oxydatif, comme le diabète de type 2 et le syndrome métabolique. Dans ces situations, les lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDL) subissent une oxydation et leur forte absorption induit une accumulation de cholestérol dans les macrophages sous-endothéliaux. D'autre part, les LDL oxydées sont enrichies en produits d'oxydation du cholestérol appelés oxystérols, dont certains sont impliqués dans la capacité des LDL oxydées à induire un stress oxydant cellulaire et une cytotoxicité, principalement par apoptose. Le Bis(Monoacylglycéro)Phosphate (BMP) est un phospholipide unique, localisé préférentiellement dans les endosomes tardifs, compartiment cellulaire clef dans le métabolisme du cholestérol dérivé des LDL. Lors de travaux antérieurs, l'équipe a démontré le rôle prépondérant du BMP dans la régulation de l'homéostasie du cholestérol dans les macrophages. L'objectif de ce travail a été de décrypter les mécanismes moléculaires intervenant dans le trafic intracellulaire du cholestérol. Ainsi, le BMP régule l'efflux de cholestérol par les HDL (high density lipoproteins) grâce à des mécanismes impliquant les LXRs (liver X receptors) et les transporteurs ABCA1/ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette-type A1/G1). De plus, notre étude indique que le BMP exerce également un rôle protecteur contre l'effet pro-apoptotique des LDL oxydées via la réduction de la production intracellulaire d'oxystérols. Comme une partie du trafic intracellulaire des stérols au sein des macrophages est régulé par OSBP (oxysterol binding protein) et ses protéines dérivées, les ORPs (OSBP-related proteins), nous montrons dans ce rapport que l'action de protection du BMP contre les effets cytotoxiques des oxystérols est fortement diminuée dans des cellules où la protéine ORP11 est supprimée, suggérant que le BMP exerce son rôle protecteur via un mécanisme utilisant la fonction d'ORP11 dans le transport intracellulaire de stérols
Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular complication in increased oxidative stress-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In these situations, the low density lipoproteins (LDL) undergo oxidation and their high uptake induces cholesterol accumulation in subendothelial macrophages. On the other hand, oxidized LDL are enriched in cholesterol oxidation products called oxysterols, some of them are involved in the ability of oxidized LDL to induce cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, mainly by apoptosis. Bis(Monoacylglycero)Phosphate (BMP) is a unique phospholipid localized preferentially in late endosomes, a central cellular compartment of LDL-cholesterol metabolism. In previous work, the team demonstrated the leading role of BMP in regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages. The aim of this work was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. Thus, BMP regulates cholesterol efflux to HDL (high density lipoproteins) by mechanisms involving liver X receptors (LXRs) and ABCA1/ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette-type A1/G1) transporters. Moreover, we report BMP also exerts a protective role against the pro-apoptotic effect of oxidized LDL via a reduced production of intracellular pro-apoptotic oxysterols.As part of macrophage intracellular sterol traffic is regulated by oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs), we show that protective action of BMP against cytotoxic oxysterol effects in ORP11-silenced cells, was markedly abrogated, suggesting BMP exerts its protective role via a mechanism involving the function of ORP11 in intracellular sterol transport
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Manoharan, Malini. "Genomic, structural and functional characterization of odorant binding proteins in olfaction of mosquitoes involved in infectious disease transmission." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979587.

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The role of odorant binding proteins in the olfaction of mosquitoes, the primary mechanism of human host recognition, has been an important focus of biological research in the field of infectious disease transmission by these insects. This thesis provides an in depth knowledge of these proteins in three mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. A large scale analysis on these genomes has been carried out towards the identification of the odorant binding proteins in the mosquito genomes. Identification of many new OBP members, in particular in the Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus species, and an extensive phylogenetic analysis presenting a novel classification of the OBP subfamilies of these mosquito species has been proposed. This results further demonstrates the extraordinary multiplicity and diversity of the OBP gene repertoire in these three mosquito genomes and highlights the striking sequence features that are nevertheless highly conserved across all mosquito OBPs. Owing to the availability of homologous structures from mosquitoes or related species, the 3D structure modelling of all the Classic OBPs from the three genomes (representing in total 137 structures) has been performed. This was completed by large scale docking studies on these structures by screening a large set of compounds that are known to be mosquito attractants or repellents. These provide many exciting new insights into the structural and functional aspects towards understanding the efficacy of some repellents and of some attractants from human emanations. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the structural changes observed in an OBP bounded to an odorant when pH conditions are modified were characterized and the probable mechanism of ligand binding and release is presented. This work provides the first insights to many of the long awaited questions on the genomic, structural and functional characterization of mosquito OBPs and can be viewed as a reliable starting point for further experimental research focussed on these aspects.
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Matshidiso, Mekube Norah. "Educators' perceptions of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) assessment / Mekube Norah Matshidiso." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1398.

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Lundie, Samuel. "Ondersoek na uitkomsgebaseerde assessering in Suid-Afrikaanse skole / deur Samuel Lundie." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4754.

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The implementation of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South African schools brought radical changes to the teaching profession. The transition to an OBE curriculum exerted a great impact on teachers' assessment practices and required a major revision of teaching and learning activities. Outcomes-based assessment (OBA) does not only require of teachers to design appropriate assessment plans, assessment programmes and assessment strategies, but it also implies that learners should be provided with expanded and 89Propriate opportunities to achieve in accordance with their abilities. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that the training of teachers should not only focus on the demands that OBA make on the learner, but specifically on what OBA expects from the teacher. The main aim of assessment is to promote teaching and learning, which implies that teachers must assess in such a way that quality information about learner performance will be produced. The teacher must record and interpret this information carefully, in order to enable professional and accountable decisions about learner performance and to give constructive feedback to learners and their parents. Easier said than done! The implementation of OBE and specifically OBA elicited serious debates and fierce criticism from a variety of sources. Since the implementation of OBE, quite a number of newspaper reports reflected the negativity of teachers, educationists and other role players towards OBE and particularly OBA. OBE and OBA have become problematic and controversial issues in South Africa. In light of the above mentioned the purpose of this study was to determine the nature, scope and causes of the problems experienced with OBA in South African schools and come forward with practical, supportive recommendations that could alleviate and/or improve the situation. In order to determine the difficulties experienced with OBA empirical, quantitative and qualitative research methods were utilised. A structured questionnaire, with closed and open items, was sent to a representative sample of South African public schools. The resultant data was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed and the following main findings emerged from the research: 1. The training that teachers receive from the education department is inadequate for the successful implementation of OBA in South African schools. 2. Teachers' knowledge of OBE, and more specifically OBA, is too superficial to implement OBA successfully. 3. The assessment practices of teachers reflect that they have not yet made the transition from traditional and conventional types of assessment to authentic OBA. Assessment is primarily used for summative purposes and not for formative purposes, as is supposed to be the case. 4. The education department do not adequately support and empower teachers for the successful implementation of OBA. In light of the research findings, recommendations were made to promote the implementation of OBA in schools.
Die implementering van uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys (UGO) in Suid-Afrikaanse skole het radikale veranderinge vir die onderwysprofessie teweeggebring. Die oorgang na 'n UGOkurrikulum het 'n diepgaande impak op onderwysers se assesseringspraktyke gehad en het grootskaalse wysigings van onderrig-en leeraktiwiteite ingehou. Uitkomsgebaseerde assessering (UGA) verlang nie net van onderwysers om toepaslike assesseringsplanne, assesseringsprogramme en assesseringstrategiee te ontwerp nie, maar ook om aan leerders uitgebreide en toepaslike geleenthede te bied om volgens hulle vermoe te presteer. Dit is dus uiters belangrik dat daar in die opleiding van onderwysers nie net gelet sal word op wat UGA van die leerder vereis nie, maar spesifiek op wat UGA van die onderwyser verwag. Die hoofdoel van assessering is om onderrig en leer te bevorder en onderwysers moet dus op so 'n wyse assesseer dat dit kwaliteitinligting oor leerderprestasie lewer. Die onderwyser moet hierdie inligting noukeurig rekordeer en interpreteer, sodat professionele en verantwoordbare besluite oor leerderprestasie geneem kan word en op 'n konstruktiewe wyse aan leerders en hulle ouers oorgedra kan word. Makliker gese as gedaan! Die implementering van UGO, en in besonder UGA, het 'n hewige debat en felle kritiek uit verskillende oorde ontlok. Talle koerantberigte het sedert die implementering van UGO die negatiwiteit van onderwysers, opvoedkundiges en ander rolspelers teenoor UGO en in die besonder UGA weerspieel. UGO en UGA het 'n problematiese en kontroversiele aangeleentheid in Suid-Afrika geword. Teen die agtergrond van bogenoemde, was die doel van hierdie ondersoek om die aard, omvang en oorsake van die UGO-assesseringsknelpunte in Suid-Afrikaanse skole te bepaal en om met praktykgerigte, hulpverlenende aanbevelings na vore te kom om die situasie te verlig en/of te verbeter. Ten einde die problematiek van UGA empiries te bepaal is daar van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik gemaak. 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys (met geslote en oop items) is aan 'n verteenwoordigende steekproef van Suid-Afrikaanse staatskole gestuur. Die ingesamelde data is kwalitatief en kwantitatief geanaliseer en die volgende hoofbevindinge het uit die ondersoek voortgespruit: 1. Die opleiding wat onderwysers van die onderwysdepartement ontvang, is ontoereikend vir die suksesvolle implementering van UGA in Suid-Afrikaanse skole. 2. Onderwysers se kennis van UGO, en meer spesifiek UGA, is te oppervlakkig om UGA prakties suksesvol te implementeer. 3. Die assesseringspraktyke van onderwysers weerspieel dat hulle nog nie van die tradisionele en konvensionele tipes van assessering wegbeweeg het, na outentieke UGA toe nie. Assessering word ook oorwegend vir summatiewe doeleindes aangewend en nie vir formatiewe doeleindes, so os dit veronderstel is om te gebeur nie. 4. Onderwysers word ook nie toereikend deur die onderwysdepartement ondersteun en bemagtig om UGA suksesvol te implementeer nie. Aan die hand van die bevindinge is aanbevelings, te, bevordering van UGA-implementering in skole, gemaak.
Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Books on the topic "OBP"

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Stadler, Frank, ed. A Complete Guide to Maggot Therapy. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0300.

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Hobbs, Andrew, ed. The Diaries of Anthony Hewitson, Provincial Journalist, vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0262.

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Campos, Liliane, and Pierre-Louis Patoine, eds. Life, Re-Scaled. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0303.

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Goodstein. Obp-Organizational Behavior Profile. Pfeiffer Wiley, 1993.

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Gildenhard, Ingo, and Louise Hodgson. Cicero, On Pompey’s Command (De Imperio), 27–49. Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0045.

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Kominko, Maja, ed. From Dust to Digital: Ten Years of the Endangered Archives Programme. Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0052.

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McCarthy, Frankie, James Chalmers, and Stephen Bogle, eds. Essays in Conveyancing and Property Law in Honour of Professor Robert Rennie. Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0056.

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Hayes, Peter, and Kiho Yi, eds. Complexity, Security and Civil Society in East Asia. Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0059.

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McClure Mudge, Jean, ed. Mr. Emerson's Revolution. Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0065.

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Turpin, William. Ovid, Amores (Book 1). Open Book Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0067.

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Book chapters on the topic "OBP"

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Gooch, Jan W. "OBP." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 497. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8071.

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Loureiro, Paulo, Saverio Mascolo, and Edmundo Monteiro. "Open Box Protocol (OBP)." In High Performance Computing and Communications, 496–507. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75444-2_48.

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Zographos, Spyros E., Elias Eliopoulos, Trias Thireou, and Katerina E. Tsitsanou. "OBP Structure-Aided Repellent Discovery." In Computational Design of Chemicals for the Control of Mosquitoes and Their Diseases, 65–106. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315151656-3.

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"OBP." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 667. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_7929.

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"OBP." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 2371. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_101519.

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"Octyl benzyl phthalate (OBP)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 668. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_7950.

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St Clair, William. "The Outbreak." In That Greece Might Still Be Free: The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, 1–12. Open Book Publisher, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0001.01.

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St Clair, William. "The Return of the Ancient Hellenes." In That Greece Might Still Be Free: The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, 13–22. Open Book Publisher, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0001.02.

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St Clair, William. "The Regiment." In That Greece Might Still Be Free: The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, 23–34. Open Book Publisher, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0001.03.

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St Clair, William. "Two Kinds of War." In That Greece Might Still Be Free: The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, 35–50. Open Book Publisher, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0001.04.

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Conference papers on the topic "OBP"

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Bin, Sun, and Song Jian. "A novel OBS and OBP scheme for GEO satellite." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769025.

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Le, Charles, Michael W. Spencer, Louise Veilleux, Samuel Chan, Yutao He, Jason Zheng, and Kayla Nguyen. "SMAP's radar OBP algorithm development." In 2009 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2009.4977107.

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Lorenzo, Francisco, and Giacinto Losquadro. "The European OBP pre-operational system concept." In 16th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1035.

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Jung, Sewook, Alexander Chang, and Mario Gerla. "Video streaming over overlaid bluetooth piconets (OBP)." In the 1st international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1160987.1161021.

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Wittig, M. "OBP for private networks and residential users." In 10th International Conference on Digital Satellite Communications (ICDSC-10). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950092.

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MOESSINGER, U., and P. GARLAND. "An integrated circuit/packet traffic OBP satellite system." In 14th International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2006.

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Barani, B., and H. Tork. "Services and supporting architecture of the ESA OBP system." In 15th International Communicatons Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-963.

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Yun Garcia, Ana, Juan Manuel Rodriguez Bejarano, Ignacio Jimenez, and Josep Prat. "Future Opportunities for Next Generation OBP enhanced Satellite Payloads." In 31st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-5656.

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Sahu, Umashanker, and B. C. Jinaga. "Performance Enhancement in Long-Haul Optical Fiber Communication Using OBP." In TENCON 2018 - 2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2018.8650172.

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Sewook Jung, A. Chang, and M. Gerla. "Performance comparison of overlaid bluetooth piconets (OBP) and bluetooth scatternet." In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2006.1683515.

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Reports on the topic "OBP"

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Baker, Scott E., Kenneth S. Bruno, Mark G. Butcher, James R. Collett, David E. Culley, Ziyu Dai, Jon K. Magnuson, and Ellen A. Panisko. PNNL Fungal Biotechnology Core DOE-OBP Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986728.

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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Technical Progress for IDDGA - OBP Upgrade. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244691.

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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Technical Progress for IDDGA - OBP Upgrade. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226741.

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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Insertion Demonstrations of Digital Gallium Arsenide. OBP-80 Final Technical Report. Volume 1. Chip Set Schematics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250886.

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MARTIN MARIETTA SPACE SYSTEMS INC DENVER CO. Insertion Demonstrations of Digital Gallium Arsenide. OBP-80 Final Technical Report. Volume 2/4. Source Control Drawings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250334.

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Metz, C. OTP Extended Responses. RFC Editor, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2243.

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Deaugero, H. OPP-B332-035 Rev AD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1889543.

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Deaguero, H. OPP-B332-032 Rev AD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1889542.

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Deaguero, H. OPP-B332-031 Rev AC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1889545.

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Coppola, L., and E. Diamond Riquier. Sensor implementation on Eulerian Obs. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.6.

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