Relevant bibliographies by topics / Obligatory and externally imposed

Academic literature on the topic 'Obligatory and externally imposed'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Miyazawa, S., T. Osumi, T. Hashimoto, K. Ohno, S. Miura, and Y. Fujiki. "Peroxisome targeting signal of rat liver acyl-coenzyme A oxidase resides at the carboxy terminus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.83.

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To identify the topogenic signal of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (AOX) of rat liver, we carried out in vitro import experiments with mutant polypeptides of the enzyme. Full-length AOX and polypeptides that were truncated at the N-terminal region were efficiently imported into peroxisomes, as determined by resistance to externally added proteinase K. Polypeptides carrying internal deletions in the C-terminal region exhibited much lower import activities. Polypeptides that were truncated or mutated at the extreme C terminus were totally import negative. When the five amino acid residues at the extreme C terminus were attached to some of the import-negative polypeptides, the import activities were rescued. Moreover, the C-terminal 199 and 70 amino acid residues of AOX directed fusion proteins with two bacterial enzymes to peroxisomes. These results are interpreted to mean that the peroxisome targeting signal of AOX residues at the C terminus and the five or fewer residues at the extreme terminus have an obligatory function in targeting. The C-terminal internal region also has an important role for efficient import, possibly through a conformational effect.
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Miyazawa, S., T. Osumi, T. Hashimoto, K. Ohno, S. Miura, and Y. Fujiki. "Peroxisome targeting signal of rat liver acyl-coenzyme A oxidase resides at the carboxy terminus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.83-91.1989.

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To identify the topogenic signal of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (AOX) of rat liver, we carried out in vitro import experiments with mutant polypeptides of the enzyme. Full-length AOX and polypeptides that were truncated at the N-terminal region were efficiently imported into peroxisomes, as determined by resistance to externally added proteinase K. Polypeptides carrying internal deletions in the C-terminal region exhibited much lower import activities. Polypeptides that were truncated or mutated at the extreme C terminus were totally import negative. When the five amino acid residues at the extreme C terminus were attached to some of the import-negative polypeptides, the import activities were rescued. Moreover, the C-terminal 199 and 70 amino acid residues of AOX directed fusion proteins with two bacterial enzymes to peroxisomes. These results are interpreted to mean that the peroxisome targeting signal of AOX residues at the C terminus and the five or fewer residues at the extreme terminus have an obligatory function in targeting. The C-terminal internal region also has an important role for efficient import, possibly through a conformational effect.
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Stewart, Kial D., Graham O. Hughes, and Ross W. Griffiths. "The Role of Turbulent Mixing in an Overturning Circulation Maintained by Surface Buoyancy Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0242.1.

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Abstract The role of externally imposed rates of small-scale mixing in an overturning circulation forced by differential surface buoyancy fluxes is examined in a laboratory experiment. The circulation occupies the full volume and involves a dense turbulent plume against the endwall and a broad upwelling throughout the interior. For strong externally imposed stirring, turbulent diffusion is the primary means of vertical density transport in the flow, and the dependence of the equilibrated circulation on the mixing rate accords with a theoretical model; the overturning rate increases as the ¼ power of the turbulent diffusivity. For weak externally imposed stirring, advection is the dominant mechanism of vertical density transport, and the circulation is independent of the rate of external stirring. The rate of vertical density transport is parameterized as a bulk diffusivity obtained from different methods, including one from a Munk-like advection–diffusion balance and another from the transport of buoyancy across the surface. For strong stirring, the bulk diffusivities returned by the various methods agree with the externally imposed mixing rate. However, the parameterizations implicitly include a nondiffusive component of vertical transport associated with advection of the density field and it is shown that, for weak stirring, the bulk diffusivities exceed the externally imposed mixing rate. For the oceans, results suggest that the primary effect of mixing (with energy sourced from winds, tides, and convection) is to deepen the thermocline, thereby influencing the entrainment and consequent vertical transport of density in the dense sinking regions. It is concluded that this advective transport of density, and not vertical mixing, is crucial for coupling the surface to the abyss.
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Ahmed, N. A., and R. D. Archer. "Poststall Behavior of a Wing Under Externally Imposed Sound." Journal of Aircraft 38, no. 5 (September 2001): 961–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.2861.

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Brown, James R., J. Anthony Cookson, and Rawley Z. Heimer. "Law and Finance Matter: Lessons from Externally Imposed Courts." Review of Financial Studies 30, no. 3 (May 13, 2016): 1019–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw030.

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Kral, Nicolas, Alexandra Hanna Ougolnikova, and Giovanni Sena. "Externally imposed electric field enhances plant root tip regeneration." Regeneration 3, no. 3 (June 2016): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/reg2.59.

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Łuba-Arnista, Weronika, and Michał Biegajło. "Observational Learning with Externally Imposed and Self-Controlled Frequency of Model Demonstration." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2020-0013.

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Abstract Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of learning a complex gymnastic routine with different frequencies of externally imposed and self-controlled model demonstration. Material and Methods. Thirty undergraduate physical education (PE) students were randomly assigned to 3 groups: G100 (100% frequency), GS (self-controlled frequency) and GC (control group). Each participant from groups G100 and GS performed 150 trials of a complex gymnastic routine during 10 practice sessions. The learning effect was evaluated on the basis of the mean absolute error value and measured during pre-acquisition (baseline), acquisition (practice sessions) and post-acquisition (retention and transfer tests) phases. Results. It was revealed that observational learning with self-controlled and high externally imposed frequency of model demonstration proved to be equally effective. The differences were found during the acquisition phase only. The self-controlled group achieved higher outcomes than the externally imposed group. Conclusions. This study indicates that performance during practice sessions does not always reflect the permanency and adaptability of the motor skill learning process.
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Spanjaards, Michelle, Nick Jaensson, Martien Hulsen, and Patrick Anderson. "A Numerical Study of Particle Migration and Sedimentation in Viscoelastic Couette Flow." Fluids 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010025.

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In this work, a systematic investigation of the migration of sedimenting particles in a viscoelastic Couette flow is presented, using finite element 3D simulations. To this end, a novel computational approach is presented, which allows us to simulate a periodic configuration of rigid spherical particles accurately and efficiently. To study the different contributions to the particle migration, we first investigate the migration of particles sedimenting near the inner wall, without an externally-imposed Couette flow, followed by the migration of non-sedimenting particles in an externally-imposed Couette flow. Then, both flows are combined, i.e., sedimenting particles with an externally-imposed Couette flow, which was found to increase the migration velocity significantly, yielding migration velocities that are higher than the sum of the combined flows. It was also found that the trace of the conformation tensor becomes asymmetric with respect to the particle center when the particle is initially placed close to the inner cylinder. We conclude by investigating the sedimentation velocity with an imposed orthogonal shear flow. It is found that the sedimentation velocity can be both higher or lower then the Newtonian case, depending on the rheology of the suspending fluid. Specifically, a shear-thinning viscosity is shown to play an important role, which is in-line with previously-published results.
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RICCARDI, C., C. BEVILACQUA, G. CHIODINI, E. SINDONI, and M. FONTANESI. "Modification of electrostatic fluctuations by externally imposed radial electric fields." Journal of Plasma Physics 64, no. 3 (September 2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800008539.

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This paper concerns experiments on the turbulence of a toroidal magnetoplasma in the presence of a radial electric field. The possibility of reduction of turbulence through the application of an external biasing potential has been evaluated by measuring the electrostatic fluctuations and main plasma parameters.
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Kremnyov, Stanislav V., Tatyana G. Troshina, and Lev V. Beloussov. "Active reinforcement of externally imposed folding in amphibians embryonic tissues." Mechanisms of Development 129, no. 1-4 (March 2012): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2012.02.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Boxer, Lionel John, and lionel boxer@rmit edu au. "Using positioning theory to understand how senior managers deal with sustainability." RMIT University. School of Management, 2003. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081212.104859.

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Social pressure for sustainability has become a significant factor in Australian business. Made popular by a variety of diverse social movements that employ various tactics, sustainability is increasingly being debated in boardrooms and work areas of both large and small businesses. In this research, sustainability issues are treated as a set of a wider range of obligatory and externally imposed (OEI) issues that are increasingly confronting contemporary business. Of interest to this research is how senior managers deal with sustainability issues. While some businesses excel in dealing with OEI issues, others prevaricate. This research focuses on those businesses that appear to excel in resolving sustainability issues to explore how senior managers deal with sustainability issues. Such understanding is essential for contemporary practising senior managers, as it provides guidance for management behaviour that will enable sustainability and other OEI issues to be dealt with. The author's effort to understand how senior managers deal with sustainability issues has led to the first business context application of Harré's positioning theory. A social constructionist approach, positioning theory is concerned with ordinary conversations, and presumes that these are the building blocks of all other discursive phenomena. The resulting theory builds on positioning theory and provides a point of departure to conduct related research on other organizations that excel in dealing with OEI issues and those that prevaricate. With positioning theory it has been shown that, in dealing with sustainability issues, senior managers engage in a range of positioning of themselves and others. In doing so, power and knowledge have been considered in the light of Foucault's unique and penetrating concepts. This has led to the proposed augmentation of positioning theory to include a concept of social flux, which is put forward as an indication of social order or culture. Through this development, it has shown how senior managers confront opposition and reinforce support to enable them to achieve and preserve sustainability objectives. In practical terms, senior managers alter four components of the social order to align the culture with the issues that need to be dealt with. These components - rights, duties, morals and actions - are parameters that senior managers tune or level when they deal with sustainability issues. When the social order is appropriately tuned or levelled, it is aligned with the issues that need to be dealt with. That alignment enables issues to be resolved in a way appropriate for the organization.
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Petersen, Tracey. "Policy after legislation : a case of accommodation? : a case study of a school's response to externally imposed educational reform between 1994 and 1996." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14247.

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Bibliography: leaves [114] - 124.
The study investigates the response of a former white Model C school to externally imposed educational reforms contained in the Education White Paper (1995); the South African Schools' Bill (1996) and the South African School's Act (1996). The study examines the path of policy - making after legislation. Drawing on the work of Bowe et al. (1996) as a key text, the study investigates the dynamics of the policy process within the school. The study uses as a conceptual framework Bowe et al.'s (ibid.) argument that the policy text is multiple, and that the legislated policy text is one of a number of representations of the policy. As such, the study seeks to identify the sites of text generation and the dynamics involved in the formation and maintenance of the dominant representations of the legislated policy texts. The research examines the impact of perceptions of the external policy changes and of the institution on the manner in which the school responds to the change. The relationship between power and policy-making referred to by researchers such as Ball (1994) and Blackmore et al. (1994) is clearly evident in the response of the executive of the school to challenges to the dominant discourse. The dominant discourse is described as a discourse of "Model C" schooling: predominantly white, and relatively progressive in so far as selected black students are permitted to attend the school. Linguistic exclusivity and the limited agency in the policy process are the two main strategies used to protect this dominant discourse. The study examines the strategies of resistance to this dominance and the ways in which these dissenting voices are marginalised. The study identifies the response of the school as "adaptive accommodation" whereby the school not merely reshapes the legislated policy to fit the structure of the school, but physically restructures the school so that anticipated policy change can be contained. The study concludes that the legislated policy has failed to challenge the policy paradigm of the previous education system.
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Neyedli, Heather Fern. "Motor Performance in the Context of Externally-imposed Payoffs." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35186.

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Humans need to rapidly select movements that achieve their goal while avoiding negative outcomes. The processes leading to these decisions have only recently been studied. In the typical paradigm used to gain insight into the decision process, participants aim to a target circle that is overlapped by a penalty circle. They receive 100 points for hitting the target, and lose points for hitting the penalty region. Previous research has shown that participants generally behave like a rational decision maker by adapting their endpoint when the distance between the target and penalty circle and the penalty value changes (although some suboptimal selection has been noted). The overall purpose of the research reported in the present thesis was to determine if there are contexts when participants’ behaviour is suboptimal in a rapid, motor decision making tasks. Taken together, the results from four studies showed that: 1) participants require experience and feedback to aim to optimal locations; 2) participants often aimed closer to target center than optimal; and, 3) probability (represented through spatial parameters) has more influence over participant’s motor decisions than does the value of the penalty. Therefore, participants’ actions do not necessarily conform to a rational model of decision making; rather, there are consistent biases arising in the selection, planning, and execution of actions in specific contexts. These findings and conclusions can lead to a more descriptive understanding of motor decision making to provide information that is in addition to prescriptive models of rational behaviour.
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Akarapu, Ravindra. "Externally imposed thermo-elastic stress-states to control or delay fracture during unsupported cutting of alumina." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1682/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Thompson, Earl A. Exchange controls and hyperinflation as efficient governmental responses to externally imposed trade liberalization. [Belfast]: Accounting and Finance Division, School of Finance and Information, Queen's University of Belfast, 1996.

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Slavin, Tanya. Verb stem formation and event composition in Oji-Cree. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0012.

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This chapter investigates the structure of the verb stem in Oji-Cree, a dialect of the Algonquian language Ojibwe. It argues that a stem constitutes an independent semantic domain that corresponds to an event. This conception of stems explains why certain roots, called weak roots, must be preceded by modifiers, thereby satisfying a so-called left-edge requirement, while other roots, called strong roots, have no such requirement. Weak roots are semantically deficient and the obligatory pre-radical modifier is necessary to create a complete event. In contrast, an (optional) modifier before a strong root has scope over a complete event. The difference is illustrated by the morpheme /caaki/ ‘all’. When it combines stem-internally, its scope is restricted to internal arguments. However, when it combines stem-externally, it can have a quantificational reading with scope over an external argument. The semantic difference between stem-internal and stem-external composition is also correlated with some phonological differences.
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d'Arcy, paul. Oceania and Australasia. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0031.

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Oceania and Australasia are relatively recent and externally imposed terms. The term Australasia refers collectively to the lands south of Asia, or present-day Australia and New Zealand. Oceania refers to the Pacific Islands east of present-day Indonesia and the Philippines across to Pitcairn Island in the southeast Pacific and also includes the western half of the island of New Guinea, which is now part of Indonesia. These islands are generally divided into three geographical areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Present-day national borders cut across previous indigenous exchange areas or unite peoples with little previous sense of collective identity, especially in the larger Pacific Island nations of southwest Oceania. The region's value and prime relevance to world history lies in its comparative value in terms of European explorers and traders, and subsequent settler societies and their relations with, and impact upon, indigenous peoples.
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Grant, Robert. Tumours of the brain and skull. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0624.

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Over the last 10 years, there have been several important advances in cell biology, molecular genetics, and targeted therapies in neuro-oncology. Improved neurosurgical techniques such as frameless stereotaxy, awake craniotomy, and intra-operative MRI, safer methods of directing radiotherapy, new chemotherapy approaches, and novel modalities of therapy provide optimism that there will eventually be some improvements in treatment-related morbidity and survival. There has also been an increasing change from individual clinician decision making to decision making by multidisciplinary teams of neurosurgeons, neurologists, clinical oncologists, neuropathologists, neuroradiologists, and specialist nurses with the aim of improving decision making, management planning across specialties, communication, and enrolment in suitable clinical trials. In addition, Good Clinical Practice guidelines, an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording, and reporting trials, increases the onus and responsibilities on clinical investigators to perform trials to the highest standard and to have the trials externally monitored, and the trial conduct and results audited. While these obligatory and statutory responsibilities are labour intensive and time consuming, they should improve the quality of trials by limiting the possibility of unintentional bias or fraud. Improving the recording of serious adverse event reporting through trial quality assurance and quality control procedures will help ensure that a balanced view of the effects of a drug or procedure is identified earlier than in the past. It will be interesting to see how research develops over the next decade.
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Rosenblatt, Jason P. John Selden. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192842923.001.0001.

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The life of John Selden (1584–1654) was both contemplative and active. Seventeenth-century England’s most learned person, he continued in the Long Parliament of the 1640s his vigorous opposition, begun in the 1620s, to the abuses of power, whether by Charles I or, later, by the Presbyterian-controlled Westminster Assembly. His gift for finding analogies among different cultures—Greco-Roman, Christian, Jewish, and Islamic—helped to transform both the poetry and prose of the century’s greatest poet, John Milton. Regarding family law, the two might have influenced one another. Milton cites Selden, and Selden owned two of Milton’s treatises on divorce, published in 1645, both of them presumably acquired while he was writing Uxor Ebraica (1646). Selden accepted the non-biblically rabbinic, externally imposed, coercive Adamic/Noachide precepts as universal laws of perpetual obligation, rejecting his predecessor Hugo Grotius’ view of natural law as the innate result of right reason. He employed rhetorical strategies in De Jure Naturali et Gentium (“The Law of Nature and of Nations”) to prepare his readers for what might otherwise have shocked them: his belief in classic rabbinic law (halakha) as authoritative testimony. Although Selden was very active in the Long Parliament, his only surviving debates from that decade were as a lay member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines. The Assembly’s scribe left so many gaps that the transcript is sometimes indecipherable. This book fills in the gaps and makes the speeches coherent by finding their contexts in Selden’s printed works, both the scholarly, as in the massive De Synedriis, but also in the witty and informal Table Talk.
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Ledger-Lomas, Michael. Ministers and Ministerial Training. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0021.

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Protestant Dissent was assailed by Anglo-Catholics in England and by the Mercersburg Theologians in the United States for its fissiparous tendencies, sectarian nature, and privileging of emotional conversionism over apostolic order and objective, sacramental religion. Yet this chapter argues that personal conversion was essential to the faith of Dissent and the key to its spirituality, worship, and congregational life. Whether conversion was gradual or instantaneous, it remained the point of entry into the Christian life and the full privileges of church membership. Spurred by the preaching of the gospel and sometimes, but not always, accompanied by the application of the divine law, the earlier underpinning of conversionism in Calvinism gave way to an emphasis on human response. Popular in both the United States and Great Britain, the ‘new measures’ of the Presbyterian evangelist Charles Finney, in which burdened souls were called forward to ‘the anxious bench’ and prayerfully incited to undergo the new birth, brought thousands into the churches. However, in more liberal circles especially, conversion had by the end of the century become less of a crisis of guilt and redemption than a smooth progression towards spiritual fullness. Although preaching was often linked, especially in the first part of the century, with revivalist exuberance, it remained a mainstay of congregational life. Mainly expository and practical with a view of building up congregants in the faith, it was accompanied by hymn singing, scriptural readings, public prayers, and the two sacraments or ‘ordinances’ of baptism and the Lord’s Supper. Sermons tended to become shorter as the century progressed, from an hour or so to thirty or forty minutes, while the ‘long prayer’, invariably offered by the minister, tended to be didactic in tone. From mid-century onwards, there was a move towards more rounded worship, though congregations would sit (or sometimes stand) for prayer, but not kneel. The liturgical use of the church year with congregational recitation of the Lord’s Prayer became slowly more acceptable. Communion, either monthly or quarterly, was usually a Zwinglian memorial of Christ’s atoning sacrifice. The impact of the temperance movement during the latter part of the century dictated the use of non-alcoholic rather than fermented wine in the Lord’s Supper, while in a reaction to Anglican sacerdotalism, baptism too, whether believers’ baptism or paedo-baptism, progressively lost its sacramental character. Throughout the century, Dissenters sang. In the absence of an externally imposed prayer book or a standardized liturgy, hymns provided them with both devotional aids and a collective identity. Unaccompanied at first, hymn singing, inspired mostly by the muse of Isaac Watts, Charles Wesley, and, in Wales, William Williams, became more disciplined, eventually with organ accompaniment. Even while moving towards a more sophisticated, indeed bourgeois mode, Dissent maintained a vibrant congregational life which prized a simple, biblically based spirituality.
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Book chapters on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Poulos, H. G. "Piles subjected to externally-imposed soil movements." In Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 491–99. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211013-44.

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Dimitrakopoulos, Dionyssis, and Argyris Passas. "The Second MoU: Externally Imposed Change Despite Domestic Opposition." In The Depoliticisation of Greece’s Public Revenue Administration, 79–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23213-9_4.

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Schnabl, Gunther. "Externally Imposed Financial Repression, Conflicted Internationalisation of the Renminbi and External Balancing via Wage Adjustment." In Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, 125–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17380-1_7.

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Thompson, Earl A., and Charles R. Hickson. "On Modern International Cooperation: Exchange Controls, Hyperinflation, and Costly Social Revolution as Efficient National Responses to Externally Imposed Trade Liberalization." In Ideology and the Evolution of Vital Institutions, 201–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1457-2_5.

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Katsikas, Dimitris, and Pery Bazoti. "Managing the Crisis in Greece: The Missing Link between External Conditionality and Domestic Political Economy." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_8.

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AbstractThe handling of the Greek crisis was not successful. Despite the sacrifices that the Greek people had to endure, the country’s structural problems both in the public sector and the economy have not been resolutely resolved. This chapter offers an explanation for this failure. The main idea is to connect the externally imposed policy conditionality, with the particular characteristics of Greece’s domestic political economy, seeking to integrate an analysis of impediments and opportunities for structural reform. While the literature on external institutional constraints emphasizes the possibility for achieving convergence, the institutionalist literature points towards divergence among national political economies, as institutional change and policy performance are conditioned by crucial intervening variables, namely, aspects of the domestic institutional infrastructure. In this context, Greece is a paradigmatic case of long-delayed or stalled reforms despite external pressures that promoted them. While most attention has been paid to the weaknesses of the EMU, this analysis’ emphasis is on the role of crucial domestic factors. The analysis takes place in three steps: (a) the outline of Greece’s institutional profile and growth trajectory based on an analysis of formal and informal domestic institutions; (b) the description and analysis of the design, implementation and impact of the adjustment programs; and (c) in view of (a) and (b) an assessment of whether the adjustment programs implemented in Greece took into consideration the characteristics of the country’s political economy, and how and to what degree the failure to do so accounts for their results.
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"1. The Externally Imposed Revolution and Its Destruction of the Iraqi State." In Constitution Making Under Occupation, 1–58. Columbia University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/arat14302-001.

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"The Problems Faced By Higher Education Institutions Because of the Constantly Changing Objectives, Sometimes Imposed Externally, Sometimes Self-Imposed." In Contemporary Issues In Education, 171–86. Brill | Rodopi, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401201520_013.

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Thomas, Jay C. "Organizational Change and Development." In Specialty Competencies in Organizational and Business Consulting Psychology, 124–42. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195385496.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 discusses organizational change and development, the procedures and methods intended to change the character of an organization and improve its performance, and how change efforts may be directed at selected groups, such as executive teams, certain units, locations, or the entire organization. It covers Organizational Development (OD), Process Consultation (PC), teams and team building, survey feedback and action research, externally imposed change, mergers and acquisitions, and planning and managing change.
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"Just the good, no bad and ugly? The regional impact of externally imposed democracy." In Conflict Prevention and Peace-building in Post-War Societies, 165–75. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203087367-20.

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Mahizhnan, Arun. "Saviours and Barbarians at the Gate." In Understanding the Interactive Digital Media Marketplace, 339–48. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-147-4.ch027.

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This chapter is based on the Keynote Speech at International Workshop on Regulatory Policies for New Media at Leipzig on 23-25 September 2009. It addresses the tensions between the inevitable need for some kind of regulation of the new media and the essentially uncontrollable nature of the architecture and the function of the media. State-regulation, self-regulation, and co-regulation have each its own strengths and weaknesses as a regime, and there is no magic bullet for keeping the new media under control. Ultimately, self-control of the end user seems more critical to the outcome than externally imposed control regimes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Prasad, Kuldeep. "Amplification of flame surface disturbance subject to externally imposed pressure signals." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-387.

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Hurst, N. C., J. R. Danielson, and C. M. Surko. "An electron plasma experiment to study vortex dynamics subject to externally imposed flows." In NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS X: 12th International Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5021572.

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Zhi, Li, Elliott J. Rouse, and Timothy Reissman. "Passive Stiffness Reduction in Human Ankle Joint Mechanical Impedance When Exposed to Externally Imposed Movement." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490.

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Degraeve, R., I. De Wolf, G. Groeseneken, and H. E. Maes. "Analysis of externally imposed mechanical stress effects on the hot-carrier-induced degradation of MOSFET's." In Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/relphy.1994.307861.

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Kahlen, Franz-Josef, and Richard Curry. "Comparison of Design Criteria for Externally Pressurized Vessels." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79390.

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The design of an underwater chemical species concentration probe using optical diagnostics for depths of up to 1000m is presented. An initial investigation into the most appropriate spectroscopic techniques and the required geometries is followed by an investigation into the application of current externally loaded pressure vessel theory and a comparison with a finite element model. The probe geometry can be approximated as a cylindrical object with a center tube which is open to the ambient. The ultimate goal being to propose a housing which will be able to operate safely and reliably. The finite element program ABAQUS is used to analyze the different configurations using a static analysis across the different models as a comparison. As most externally loaded pressure vessels initially fail in an elastic buckling mode it is also necessary to investigate the modes of failure and to improve the design. The buckling modes are analyzed by means of an eigenvalue investigation on each model, which are then imposed on a perfect model as an imperfection to induce a failure. A static analysis is used to simulate the loading conditions experienced in operation and the external pressure and arc length are solved simultaneously to find a failure point.
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Bullard, Kalesha, Yannick Schroecker, and Sonia Chernova. "Active Learning within Constrained Environments through Imitation of an Expert Questioner." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/283.

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Active learning agents typically employ a query selection algorithm which solely considers the agent's learning objectives. However, this may be insufficient in more realistic human domains. This work uses imitation learning to enable an agent in a constrained environment to concurrently reason about both its internal learning goals and environmental constraints externally imposed, all within its objective function. Experiments are conducted on a concept learning task to test generalization of the proposed algorithm to different environmental conditions and analyze how time and resource constraints impact efficacy of solving the learning problem. Our findings show the environmentally-aware learning agent is able to statistically outperform all other active learners explored under most of the constrained conditions. A key implication is adaptation for active learning agents to more realistic human environments, where constraints are often externally imposed on the learner.
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Bhatt, B. L. "Onset of Water Hammer Phenomenon Following Flow Surge Characteristics in Tube-Type Condensing Flows." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45276.

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Two-Phase region, in condensing flow undergoing complete condensation inside a tube, acts as an amplifier of any small internal or external disturbances. A small, externally imposed change in the inlet vapor flow rate, or heat flux, leads to substantial surges in the outlet liquid flow rate, including the possibility of flow reversals. Also, if the conditions are right, slight internal disturbances as a result of vapor/liquid interaction, can lead to sustained oscillations of large amplitude, such as in the outlet liquid flow rate. Such surging characteristics coupled with rapid bubble collapse may lead to water hammer phenomenon. This paper will summarize both experimental observations and theoretical models as a result of externally imposed, or internally induced, flow changes in condensing flows. The physics of the processes, including liquid/vapor density ratio, vapor compressibility, bubble collapse, and liquid inertia will be highlighted. The condensing flow stability criterion will be used to provide a possible physical and an analytical basis for the catastrophic piping failure due to a condensation induced water hammer.
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Moscoso, Wilfredo, Efe Olgun, W. Dale Compton, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Effect of Low-Frequency Modulation on Lubrication of Chip-Tool Interface in Machining." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64310.

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A study has been made of the effect of an externally imposed, low-frequency modulation (≤ 100 Hz) on the action of a fluid in machining. It is shown that in conventional machining, fluid action in terms of lubrication is essentially confined to the edges of chip-tool contact along the tool rake face, with little or no change in the friction condition over much of this face. However, the effectiveness of the lubricating action is significantly enhanced when a controlled low-frequency modulation of sufficient amplitude, such as to break the chip-tool contact, is imposed in the direction of cutting. Measurements show that the friction coefficient between tool and chip is reduced by a factor of up to three in the presence of such a modulation. The extent of the secondary deformation zone in the chip material close to the rake face is also significantly reduced. Direct observations of the tool rake face show that when the modulation is applied, the fluid penetrates into much of the intimate contact region between chip and tool.
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Akbari, Pezhman, and Norbert Mu¨ller. "Gas Dynamic Design Analyses of Charging Zone for Reverse-Flow Pressure Wave Superchargers." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0690.

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The paper is focused on a comprehensive and systematic gas dynamic analysis of the high-pressure phase (charging zone) of pressure wave superchargers. The procedure is documented for a four-port reverse flow (RF) wave rotor, the typical configuration for engine wave superchargers, also named Comprex. A one-dimensional analytical gas dynamic model is employed to calculate flow characteristics inside the channels. Existing normal shock wave equations along with isentropic relations for expansion waves are used for calculations. Useful design parameters such as cycle timing and port widths are determined by formulating traveling times of the waves inside the channels. The gas dynamic study of the internal wave process demonstrates its fundamental dependence on the externally imposed compression ratio of the pressure wave supercharger.
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Modarres-Sadeghi, Yahya, Michael P. Pai¨doussis, and Alexandra Camargo. "The Behaviour of Fluid-Conveying Pipes, Supported at Both Ends, by the Complete Extensible Nonlinear Equations of Motion." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93796.

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In this paper, the post-divergence behaviour of fluid-conveying pipes supported at both ends is studied using the complete extensible nonlinear equations of motion. The two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are discretized via Galerkin’s method and the resulting set of ordinary differential equations is solved by Houbolt’s finite difference method and also using AUTO. Typically, the pipe is stable and retains its original static equilibrium position up to where it loses stability by a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. By increasing the flow velocity, the amplitude of the buckled position increases, but no secondary instability can be observed thereafter, in agreement with Holmes’ results for his simplified model. The effect of different parameters on the behaviour of the pipe has been studied. By increasing the externally applied tension, or by increasing the gravity parameter, the critical flow velocity for the pitchfork bifurcation increases. The pitchfork bifurcation is subcritical if the nondimensional externally imposed tension, is greater than the nondimensional axial rigidity. The solution in the vicinity of the critical point for this case is confirmed to be subcritical, although the fold and the stable non-trivial solution thereafter could not be seen — perhaps because the model is correct to only third-order of magnitude. Dynamic instabilities may be possible for a pipe hinged at both ends but free to slide axially at the downstream end, according to preliminary results.
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Reports on the topic "Obligatory and externally imposed"

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Naguib, Hassan M., Candace E. Wark, Ron J. Adrian, A. M. Naguib, and S. Kwan. Investigation of Turbulent Boundary Layers Subjected to Internally or Externally Imposed Time-Dependent Transverse Shear. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada335110.

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2

Pevey, Jon M., William B. Rich, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 1–Review of Current FRP Repair Systems and Application Methodologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317309.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to extend the service lives of bridges efficiently and safely. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (1) summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (2) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (3) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with a focus on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.
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3

Rich, William B., Robert R. Jacobs, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 2–FRP Flexural Strengthening and End Region Repair Experimental Programs. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317310.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to efficiently and safely extend the service lives of bridges. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (i) summarize the state-of-the-art for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (ii) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (iii) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with focus placed on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.
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