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1
PETRAKIS, NIKOLAOS. "Objective Bayes Structure Learning in Gaussian Graphical Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262921.
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Graphical models are used to represent conditional independence relationships among variables by the means of a graph, with variables corresponding to graph's nodes. They are widely used in genomic studies, finance, energy forecasting, among other fields. More specifically, for a collection of q variables with conditional independence structure represented by an undirected graph, we assume that the underlying graph's structure is unknown. We are interested in inferring the graph's structure from data at hand. This procedure the bibliography is referred to as Structure Learning, where we use certain techniques for selecting a graphical model to depict conditional independence relationships between these q variables. We start from defining a model space which is consisted by a set of all possible graphical models; then we define a scoring function which enables us to score the different models of the model space and finally, we construct a search algorithm that will navigate through the model space to identify the optimal model that explains the problem at hand. The choice of a scoring function is crucial for optimizing the search procedure through the model space. Our approach to this problem is purely Bayesian for handling uncertainty in a more elaborate fashion. We will use estimates of posterior model probabilities for ranking the models at hand. The specification of a conditional prior on the column covariance matrix is not trivial because each graph under consideration induces a different independence structure and it affects the parameter space. Under this context, we cannot directly use improper priors, since they would result to indeterminate Bayes factors, thus we are required to carefully elicit a prior distribution under each graph, a task that becomes infeasible in higher dimensions. For creating an automated Bayesian scoring technique, we resort to Objective Bayes approaches, which are initiated by an improper prior distribution and their output is a fully usable prior distributions. In this thesis, we propose the use of two alternative Objective Bayes approaches for estimating posterior probabilities of models, namely the Expected Posterior prior approach and the Power-Expected Posterior Prior approach. Both approaches utilize the device of imaginary observations for providing usable prior distributions and are theoretically sounder than the Fractional Bayes Factor of O'Hagan. Our goal is to introduce both the Expected and Power-Expected Posterior prior approaches to the field of structure learning of undirected graphical models and evaluate their performance using certain stochastic search techniques. Diverse simulation scenarios are considered as well as a real-life data application.Graphical models are used to represent conditional independence relationships among variables by the means of a graph, with variables corresponding to graph's nodes. They are widely used in genomic studies, finance, energy forecasting, among other fields. More specifically, for a collection of q variables with conditional independence structure represented by an undirected graph, we assume that the underlying graph's structure is unknown. We are interested in inferring the graph's structure from data at hand. This procedure the bibliography is referred to as Structure Learning, where we use certain techniques for selecting a graphical model to depict conditional independence relationships between these q variables. We start from defining a model space which is consisted by a set of all possible graphical models; then we define a scoring function which enables us to score the different models of the model space and finally, we construct a search algorithm that will navigate through the model space to identify the optimal model that explains the problem at hand. The choice of a scoring function is crucial for optimizing the search procedure through the model space. Our approach to this problem is purely Bayesian for handling uncertainty in a more elaborate fashion. We will use estimates of posterior model probabilities for ranking the models at hand. The specification of a conditional prior on the column covariance matrix is not trivial because each graph under consideration induces a different independence structure and it affects the parameter space. Under this context, we cannot directly use improper priors, since they would result to indeterminate Bayes factors, thus we are required to carefully elicit a prior distribution under each graph, a task that becomes infeasible in higher dimensions. For creating an automated Bayesian scoring technique, we resort to Objective Bayes approaches, which are initiated by an improper prior distribution and their output is a fully usable prior distributions. In this thesis, we propose the use of two alternative Objective Bayes approaches for estimating posterior probabilities of models, namely the Expected Posterior prior approach and the Power-Expected Posterior Prior approach. Both approaches utilize the device of imaginary observations for providing usable prior distributions and are theoretically sounder than the Fractional Bayes Factor of O'Hagan. Our goal is to introduce both the Expected and Power-Expected Posterior prior approaches to the field of structure learning of undirected graphical models and evaluate their performance using certain stochastic search techniques. Diverse simulation scenarios are considered as well as a real-life data application.
2
ARTARIA, ANDREA. "Objective Bayesian Analysis for Differential Gaussian Directed Acyclic Graphs." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/55327.
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Often we are confronted with heterogeneous multivariate data, i.e., data coming from several categories, and the interest may center on the differential structure of stochastic dependence among the variables between the groups. The focus in this work is on the two groups problem and is faced modeling the system through a Gaussian directed acyclic graph (DAG) couple linked in a fashion to obtain a joint estimation in order to exploit, whenever they exist, similarities between the graphs. The model can be viewed as a set of separate regressions and the proposal consists in assigning a non-local prior to the regression coefficients with the objective of enforcing stronger sparsity constraints on model selection. The model selection is based on Moment Fractional Bayes Factor, and is performed through a stochastic search algorithm over the space of DAG models.
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Kuffner, Todd Alan. "Objective Bayes and conditional frequentist inference." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7134.
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Objective Bayesian methods have garnered considerable interest and support among statisticians, particularly over the past two decades. It has often been ignored, however, that in some cases the appropriate frequentist inference to match is a conditional one. We present various methods for extending the probability matching prior (PMP) methods to conditional settings. A method based on saddlepoint approximations is found to be the most tractable and we demonstrate its use in the most common exact ancillary statistic models. As part of this analysis, we give a proof of an exactness property of a particular PMP in location-scale models. We use the proposed matching methods to investigate the relationships between conditional and unconditional PMPs. A key component of our analysis is a numerical study of the performance of probability matching priors from both a conditional and unconditional perspective in exact ancillary models. In concluding remarks we propose many routes for future research.
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Pruvost, Geoffrey. "Contributions à l’optimisation multi-objectif à base de décomposition." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUB026.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'optimisation combinatoire multi-objectif, et en particulier aux algorithmes évolutionnaires à base de décomposition. Ce type d'approches consiste à décomposer le problème multi-objectif original en plusieurs sous-problèmes mono-objectif, qui sont alors résolus de façon coopérative. Dans ce cadre, nous considérons la conception et l'analyse de nouveaux composants algorithmiques contribuant à la mise en place des fondations d'un framework d'optimisation à base de décomposition pour les problèmes combinatoires multi-objectif dits "boîte-noire", pour lesquels la forme analytique des fonctions objectif n'est pas connue de l'algorithme de résolution. Tout d'abord, nous étudions les éléments clés pour une meilleure répartition des efforts de calculs tout au long du processus d'optimisation. Pour cela, nous étudions l'impact conjoint de la taille de la population et du nombre de solutions générées par itération, tout en proposant différentes stratégies de sélection du ou des sous-problèmes à optimiser à chaque étape. Nous étudions ensuite différents mécanismes permettant de s'échapper des optima locaux. Ceux-ci s'inspirent de techniques issues de l'optimisation mono-objectif, et permettent d'améliorer considérablement le profil de convergence des approches considérées. Nous nous plaçons pour finir dans un contexte d'optimisation coûteuse, où l'évaluation de chaque solution s'avère particulièrement gourmande en temps de calcul, ce qui limite considérablement le budget alloué à l'optimisation. Pour cela, nous étudions de nouveaux composants s'appuyant sur des méta-modèles combinatoires, et nous considérons leur intégration au sein d'approches évolutionnaires multi-objectif basée sur la décompositionIn this thesis, we are interested in multi-objective combinatorial optimization, and in particular in evolutionary algorithms based on decomposition. This type of approaches consists in decomposing the original multi-objective problem into multiple single-objective sub-problems that are then solved cooperatively. In this context, we consider the design and the analysis of new algorithmic components contributing to the establishment of the foundations of an optimization framework based on decomposition for multi-objective combinatorial problems known as "black box", i.e., for which the analytical form of the objective functions is not available to the solving algorithm. First of all, we investigate the key components for a better distribution of the computational efforts during the optimization process. To this end, we study the joint impact of the population size and of the number of solutions generated at each iteration, while proposing different strategies for selecting one ore multiple sub-problem(s) to be optimized at each stage. We then study different mechanisms allowing to escape from local optima. They are inspired by techniques from single-objective optimization, and we show they can significantly improve the convergence profile of the considered approaches. Finally, we consider the context of expensive optimization, where the evaluation of each solution is particularly intensive in terms of computational resources. This hence drastically restrict the budget allocated to the optimization process. As such, we investigate new components based on combinatorial meta-models, and we consider their integration within decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary approaches
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Rossini, Luca <1987>. "Contributions to bayesian nonparametric and objective Bayes literature." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10292.
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The thesis contributes to the literature on Bayesian nonparametrics by proposing two approaches, the first one related to time series analysis with a focus on sparsity of the matrix of coefficients and the second one to conditional copula models with an application to twin data. On the other hand, the thesis contributes to the literature on the analysis of the Yule-Simon distribution by proposing two objective priors on the parameter of the distribution and a Gibbs sampling algorithm for the analysis of the posterior distribution.
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Frye, Jake. "Performance-objective design of a wind-diesel hybrid energy system for Scott Base, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1157.
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New Zealand's Antarctic research station, Scott Base, is currently 100% reliant on aviation turbine fuel and existing diesel generator sets to produce the heat and electricity necessary to sustain staff activities. Decreasing fuel consumption at Scott Base has benefits economically, politically and environmentally. A method of reducing fuel consumption and increasing base independence that is receiving considerable attention from Antarctica New Zealand is the addition of wind power to the existing energy system. A performance-objective design of a wind-diesel hybrid energy system for Scott Base is proposed in order to determine the most effective hybrid system configuration with the lowest cost within a set of system constraints. A demand side management technique is also evaluated as a measure to further increase potential fuel savings. Modelling is completed using the simulation tool HOMER and results are presented for several different system configurations.
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Pereira, Marciel Barros. "Particle swarm optimization and differential evolution for base station placement with multi-objective requirements." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13374.
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PEREIRA, M. B. Particle swarm optimization and differential evolution for base station placement with multi-objective requirements. 2015. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2015-09-21T12:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_mbpereira.pdf: 3666612 bytes, checksum: bc2466a863d5e64d596e5667f3ef5426 (MD5)
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The infrastructure expansion planning in cellular networks, so called Base Station Placement (BSP) problem, is a challenging task that must consider a large set of aspects, and which cannot be expressed as a linear optimization function. The BSP is known to be a NP-hard problem unable to be solved by any deterministic method. Based on some fundamental assumptions of Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) networks, this work proceeds to investigate the use of two methods for BSP optimization task: the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Differential Evolution (DE), which were adapted for placement of many new network nodes simultaneously. The optimization process follows two multi-objective functions used as fitness criteria for measuring the performance of each node and of the network. The optimization process is performed in three scenarios where one of them presents actual data collected from a real city. For each scenario, the fitness performance of both methods as well as the optimized points found by each technique are presented
O planejamento de expansão de infraestrutura em redes celulares é uma desafio que exige considerar diversos aspectos que não podem ser separados em uma função de otimização linear. Tal problema de posicionamento de estações base é conhecido por ser do tipo NP-hard, que não pode ser resolvido por qualquer método determinístico. Assumindo características básicas da tecnologia Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced (LTE-A), este trabalho procede à investigação do uso de dois métodos para otimização de posicionamento de estações base: Otimização por Enxame de Partículas – Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) – e Evolução Diferencial – Differential Evolution (DE) – adaptados para posicionamento de múltiplas estações base simultaneamente. O processo de otimização é orientado por dois tipos de funções custo com multiobjetivos, que medem o desempenho dos novos nós individualmente e de toda a rede coletivamente. A otimização é realizada em três cenários, dos quais um deles apresenta dados reais coletados de uma cidade. Para cada cenário, são exibidos o desempenho dos dois algoritmos em termos da melhoria na função objetivo e os pontos encontrados no processo de otimização por cada uma das técnicas
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CASTELLETTI, FEDERICO. "Learning Markov Equivalence Classes of Gaussian DAGs via Observational and Interventional Data: an Objective Bayes Approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199179.
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I modelli grafici basati sull'utilizzo di grafi direzionati (Directed Acyclic Graphs, DAG) hanno acquisito negli ultimi decenni un'ampia popolarità per lo studio della dipendenza tra variabili in molteplici ambiti scientifici. Tipicamente lo scopo è fare inferenza su un modello attraverso i dati, ovvero misurare relazioni di dipendenza tra variabili. La famiglia di indipendenze (marginali) e condizionali codificate dal DAG determinano la sua proprietà markoviana. DAG che racchiudono le medesime indipendenze condizionali sono detti Markov equivalenti. È tuttavia noto che l'utilizzo di dati di natura puramente osservazionale non consenta di "distinguere" tra DAG Markov equivalenti. Questi sono quindi partizionati in classi di equivalenza, ciascuna delle quali viene rappresentata da un grafo a catena detto essential graph. Quando l'obiettivo è fare inferenza sul modello generatore dei dati è quindi più conveniente esplorare lo spazio degli essential graph (rispetto allo spazio dei DAG), sebbene la dimensione di questo cresca "più che esponenzialmente" nel numero di variabili (nodi del grafo). Per lungo tempo lo studio degli essential graph è stato quindi confinato a "dimensioni" modeste dello spazio. Tuttavia, per superare tale limite, negli ultimi anni sono stati proposti diversi metodi basati sull'utilizzo di catene di Markov.
In diverse applicazioni (di carattere tipicamente biologico e genomico) si dispone di dati di tipo "interventistico", ossia prodotti a seguito di perturbazioni esogene di variabili o "esperimenti randomizzati". La nozione di intervento è strettamente legata all'interpretazione causale del DAG. Intervenendo su una variabile è possibile "rimuovere" la dipendenza di altre variabili sulla stessa, ossia modificare la proprietà markoviana del DAG. Questo determina una partizione dei DAG in classi di equivalenza di dimensione "più contenuta", ciascuna delle quali viene rappresentata da un interventional essential graph. Pertanto, laddove si disponga di dati di natura interventistica, la selezione del modello generatore dei dati può essere rivolta all'esplorazione di tale spazio; in tal modo è possibile "migliorare" l'identificazione del DAG generatore dei dati.
Nel presente lavoro si affronta il problema della selezione di modelli grafici gaussiani attraverso una metodologia di tipo bayesiano. Nello specifico, si adotta un approccio oggettivo basato sulla nozione di fractional Bayes factor. A questo scopo, ricaviamo una formula per il calcolo della verosimiglianza marginale di un interventional essential graph in presenza di dati di natura osservazionale e interventistica. In seguito, procediamo alla costruzione di una catena di Markov per l'esplorazione dello spazio degli interventional essential graph sotto condizioni di sparsità. Proponiamo quindi un algoritmo di tipo MCMC per approssimare la posterior distribution degli interventional essential graph e "quantificare" misure di incertezza come la probabilità di inclusione di un edge. Applichiamo infine la metodologia proposta, denominata Objective Bayesian Interventional Essential graph Search, a studi di simulazione e per l'analisi di protein-signaling data, laddove dati di natura interventistica corrispondono a rilevazioni effettuate sotto differenti condizioni sperimentali.Graphical models based on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are a very common tool in many scientific areas for the investigation of dependencies among variables. Typically, the objective is to infer models from the data or measuring dependence relationships between variables. The set of all (marginal and) conditional independencies encoded by a DAG determines its Markov property. However, it is well known that we cannot distinguish between DAGs encoding the same set of conditional independencies (Markov equivalent DAGs) using observational data. Markov equivalent DAGs are then collected in equivalence classes each one represented by an Essential Graph (EG), also called Completed Partially Directed Graph (CPDAG). When the interest is in model selection it is then convenient to explore the EG space, rather than the whole DAG space, even if the number of EGs increases super-exponentially with the number of vertices. An exhaustive enumeration of all EGs is not feasible and so structural learning in the EG space has been confined to small dimensional problems. However, to avoid such limit, several methods based on Markov chains have been proposed in recent years. In many applications (such as biology and genomics) we have both observational and interventional data produced after an exogenous perturbation of some variables or from randomized intervention experiments. The concept of intervention is strictly related to the causal interpretation of a DAG. Interventions destroy the original causal dependency on the intervened variables and modify the Markov property of a DAG. This results in a finer partition of DAGs into equivalence classes, each one represented by an Interventional Essential Graph (I-EG). Hence, model selection of DAGs in the presence of observational and interventional data can be performed over the I-EG space, thus improving the identifiability of the true data generating model. In this work we deal with the problem of Gaussian DAG model selection from a Bayesian perspective. In particular, we adopt an objective Bayes approach based on the notion of fractional Bayes factor. We then obtain a closed formula to compute the marginal likelihood of an I-EG given a collection of observational and interventional data. Next, we construct a Markov chain to explore the I-EG space possibly accounting for sparsity constraints. Hence, we propose an MCMC algorithm to approximate the posterior distribution of I-EGs and provide a quanti_cation of inferential uncertainty by measuring some features of interest, such as probabilities of edge inclusion. We apply our methodology, that we name Objective Bayesian Interventional Essential graph Search (OBIES) to simulation settings and to the analysis of protein-signaling data, where interventional data consists in a collection of observations measured under different experimental conditions.
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Hessel, Charles. "La décomposition automatique d'une image en base et détail : Application au rehaussement de contraste." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN017/document.
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Dans cette thèse CIFRE en collaboration entre le Centre de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan et l’entreprise DxO, nous abordons le problème de la décomposition additive d’une image en base et détail. Une telle décomposition est un outil fondamental du traitement d’image. Pour une application à la photographie professionnelle dans le logiciel DxO Photolab, il est nécessaire que la décomposition soit exempt d’artefact. Par exemple, dans le contexte de l’amélioration de contraste, où la base est réduite et le détail augmenté, le moindre artefact devient fortement visible. Les distorsions de l’image ainsi introduites sont inacceptables du point de vue d’un photographe.L’objectif de cette thèse est de trouver et d’étudier les filtres les plus adaptés pour effectuer cette tâche, d’améliorer les meilleurs et d’en définir de nouveaux. Cela demande une mesure rigoureuse de la qualité de la décomposition en base plus détail. Nous examinons deux artefact classiques (halo et staircasing) et en découvrons trois autres types tout autant cruciaux : les halos de contraste, le cloisonnement et les halos sombres. Cela nous conduit à construire cinq mire adaptées pour mesurer ces artefacts. Nous finissons par classer les filtres optimaux selon ces mesures, et arrivons à une décision claire sur les meilleurs filtres. Deux filtres sortent du rang, dont un proposé dans cette thèseIn this CIFRE thesis, a collaboration between the Center of Mathematics and their Applications, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan and the company DxO, we tackle the problem of the additive decomposition of an image into base and detail. Such a decomposition is a fundamental tool in image processing. For applications to professional photo editing in DxO Photolab, a core requirement is the absence of artifacts. For instance, in the context of contrast enhancement, in which the base is reduced and the detail increased, minor artifacts becomes highly visible. The distortions thus introduced are unacceptable from the point of view of a photographer.The objective of this thesis is to single out and study the most suitable filters to perform this task, to improve the best ones and to define new ones. This requires a rigorous measure of the quality of the base plus detail decomposition. We examine two classic artifacts (halo and staircasing) and discover three more sorts that are equally crucial: contrast halo, compartmentalization, and the dark halo. This leads us to construct five adapted patterns to measure these artifacts. We end up ranking the optimal filters based on these measurements, and arrive at a clear decision about the best filters. Two filters stand out, including one we propose
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Leão, Luis Gustavo de Paiva. "A quebra da base objetiva dos contratos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5474.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-29Through a brief analysis of the historical origins of the contract, taking into account as party settlements with the State endorsement, observed in its practical applications, we intend to analyze the collapse in the objective basis of contracts, verifying the consequence of such breakaway, both in the jurisprudence as in the social relations involved, and as the interpretative possibilites of such issue. The relevance of the subject is shown by itself, once the contemporary society is contractarian in almost all respects, and the non compliance of the contractual terms is a result of numerous disorders that cause impact on the harmony of social life in all spheres: familiar level up to the governmental. Themes such as autonomy and contractual liberty come up against issues that need ethical-political reviews. As the main objective remains the characterization of how, when and under what circumstances it is possible to affirm that there was a collapse in the objective basis of the contract, and diagnosed such collapse, how to proceed in such situation: there will be a possibility of establishing a new agreement or just be left to setting penalties and compensations. The secondary objectives point to the identification of direct and indirect effects regarding the situation, and in the action of laws to this type of occurrence. The method that will be used is the deductive method in order to develop the research, being the review of literature on the theme the basic source to enrich discussions in the invitation to authors that have already leaned on the theme in books, articles, theses and further dissertations
Por meio de uma sucinta análise das origens históricas do contrato, considerado enquanto acerto de partes com aval do Estado, observado em suas aplicações práticas, pretende-se analisar a quebra da base objetiva dos contratos, verificando as consequências desta ruptura tanto na jurisprudência como nas relações sociais envolvidas, bem como as possibilidades interpretativas da questão. A relevância do tema se demonstra por si só, vez que a sociedade contemporânea é contratualista em quase todos os aspectos, e a não observância dos termos contratuais é causa de inúmeros transtornos que impactam sobre a harmonia da vida social em todas as esferas: do nível familiar ao governamental. Temas como a autonomia e a liberdade contratual esbarram em questões que necessitam de revisões ético-políticas. Como objetivo principal subsiste a caracterização de como, quando e em que circunstâncias se pode alegar que houve a quebra da base objetiva do contrato, e, diagnosticada esta quebra como se procede diante da situação: haverá possibilidade do estabelecimento de novo acordo ou apenas restará a configuração de penas e ressarcimentos. Os objetivos secundários apontam para a identificação de efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação, e na ação das leis para este tipo de ocorrência. Será utilizado o método dedutivo para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, sendo a revisão da literatura sobre o tema a fonte básica para o enriquecimento das discussões, no convite a autores que já se debruçaram sobre o assunto em livros, artigos, teses e demais dissertações
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Ejday, Moshen. "Optimisation multi-objectifs à base de métamodèle pour les procédés de mise en forme." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583805.
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Dans le domaine de mise en forme, la réduction des coûts et l'amélioration des produits sont des défis permanents à relever. Pour ce faire, le procédé de mise en forme doit être optimisé. Optimiser le procédé revient alors à résoudre un problème d'optimisation. Généralement ce problème est un problème d'optimisation multi-objectifs très coûteux en terme de temps de calcul, où on cherche à minimiser plusieurs fonctions coût en présence d'un certain nombre de contraintes. Pour résoudre ce type de problème, on a développé un algorithme robuste, efficace et fiable. Cet algorithme, consiste à coupler un algorithme évolutionnaire avec un métamodèle, c'est-à-dire des approximations des résultats des simulations coûteuses. Dans ce mémoire, on a commencé par la présentation du problème d'optimisation multiobjectifs, des algorithmes d'optimisation (algorithmes évolutionnaires) et des métamodèles les plus utilisés (Chapitre I), où on a choisi l'algorithme génétique élitiste de tri non dominé (NSGA-II) qui sera couplé avec le métamodèle basé sur la méthode de différence finies sans maillage. Ce métamodèle, qui est développé au cours de cette thèse, constitue le continue de Chapitre II. Dans le Chapitre III, on étudie différentes manières de couplage de notre métamodèle avec NSGA-II. Ces couplages, C-Constant, C-Actualisé C-Évolutif-H1 et C-Évolutif-MC, diffèrent par le choix des points maîtres au cours des itérations, le type d'erreur utilisée et l'évolution du métamodèle. Ils sont validés sur plusieurs problèmes tests d'optimisation tels que des problèmes mono-objectif, multi-objectifs, sans contraintes et sous contraintes. Le meilleur couplage, C-Évolutif-MC, est utilisé pour la résolution des problèmes de mise en forme mono et multi-objectifs (Chapitre IV). Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité de notre méthode.
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Ejday, Mohsen. "Optimisation multi-objectifs à base de métamodèle pour les procédés de mise en forme." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583805.
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Dans le domaine de mise en forme, la réduction des coûts et l'amélioration des produits sont des défis permanents à relever. Pour ce faire, le procédé de mise en forme doit être optimisé. Optimiser le procédé revient alors à résoudre un problème d'optimisation. Généralement ce problème est un problème d'optimisation multi-objectifs très coûteux en terme de temps de calcul, où on cherche à minimiser plusieurs fonctions coût en présence d'un certain nombre de contraintes. Pour résoudre ce type de problème, on a développé un algorithme robuste, efficace et fiable. Cet algorithme, consiste à coupler un algorithme évolutionnaire avec un métamodèle, c'est-à-dire des approximations des résultats des simulations coûteuses. Dans ce mémoire, on a commencé par la présentation du problème d'optimisation multiobjectifs, des algorithmes d'optimisation (algorithmes évolutionnaires) et des métamodèles les plus utilisés (Chapitre I), où on a choisi l'algorithme génétique élitiste de tri non dominé (NSGA-II) qui sera couplé avec le métamodèle basé sur la méthode de différence finies sans maillage. Ce métamodèle, qui est développé au cours de cette thèse, constitue le continue de Chapitre II. Dans le Chapitre III, on étudie différentes manières de couplage de notre métamodèle avec NSGA-II. Ces couplages, C-Constant, C-Actualisé C-Évolutif-H1 et C-Évolutif-MC, diffèrent par le choix des points maîtres au cours des itérations, le type d'erreur utilisée et l'évolution du métamodèle. Ils sont validés sur plusieurs problèmes tests d'optimisation tels que des problèmes mono-objectif, multi-objectifs, sans contraintes et sous contraintes. Le meilleur couplage, C-Évolutif-MC, est utilisé pour la résolution des problèmes de mise en forme mono et multi-objectifs (Chapitre IV). Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité de notre méthodeCost saving and product improvement have always been important goals in the metal forming industry. To achieve them, metal forming processes need to be optimized, which consequently requires solving optimization problems. Usually these problems have multiple objectives; they aim at minimizing several objective functions in the presence of several explicit and implicit constraints. Each function evaluation is quite time consuming. To solve this type of problems, a robust and efficient algorithm is developed. It consists in coupling an evolutionary algorithm (a multi-objective genetic algorithm) with a metamodel (an approximation of the problem functions). Then, the number of expensive function evaluations can be significantly reduced by partly replacing exact evaluations with fast approximates of the objective functions. In this report, we first present the multi-objective optimization problem, multi-objective optimization (evolutionary) algorithms and the most commonly used metamodels (Chapter I). We select the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to be coupled with the metamodel based on the meshless finite difference method. This metamodel, which is presented and enhanced within this thesis, is presented in Chapter II. In Chapter III, different coupling strategies between NSGA-II and the metamodel are investigated, C-Constant, C-Actualise, C-Updated-H1 and C-Updated-MC. The different studied methods differ in the choice of master points (the exact evaluations of the objective functions), the evolution of the metamodel, and the utilized approximation error. They are studied and compared on several analytical functions, mono-objective functions, multi-objective functions and constrained functions. The best method, C-Updated-MC, is then used to optimize metal forming processes in Chapter IV. The obtained results show the efficiency of our method
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Giasson, Lucie. "Analyse comparative des objectifs d'apprentissage de quatre programmes d'enseignement de base du français langue seconde au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29439.
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Jawad, Mohamed. "Confidentialité de données dans les systèmes P2P." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638721.
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Les communautés en ligne pair-a-pair (P2P), comme les communautés professionnelles (p. ex., médicales ou de recherche) deviennent de plus en plus populaires a cause de l'augmentation des besoins du partage de données. Alors que les environnements P2P offrent des caractéristiques intéressantes (p. ex., passage a l'échelle, disponibilité, dynamicité), leurs garanties en termes de protection des données sensibles sont limitées. Ils peuvent être considérés comme hostiles car les données publiées peuvent être consultées par tous les pairs (potentiellement malicieux) et utilisées pour tout (p. ex., pour le commerce illicite ou tout simplement pour des activités contre les préférences personnelles ou éthiques du propriétaire des données). Cette thèse propose un service qui permet le partage de données sensibles dans les systèmes P2P, tout en assurant leur confidentialité. La première contribution est l'analyse des techniques existant pour la confidentialité de données dans les architectures P2P. La deuxième contribution est un modèle de confidentialité, nommé PriMod, qui permet aux propriétaires de données de spécifier leurs préférences de confidentialité dans de politiques de confidentialité et d'attacher ces politiques a leurs données sensibles. La troisième contribution est le développement de PriServ, un service de confidentialité, basé sur une DHT qui met en oeuvre PriMod afin de prévenir la violation de la confidentialité de données. Entre autres, PriServ utilise de techniques de confiance pour prédire le comportement des pairs.
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Pereira, Joana Pinheiro Lourenço. "Do Projecto de Inventário do Património Religioso ao objectivo de criação de um museu na Diocese da Guarda - diagnóstico e proposta base para a sua programação museológica, ao nível do acervo." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10645.
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Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em MuseologiaO Projecto de Inventário do Património Religioso, imóvel e móvel, existente na Diocese da Guarda, em curso desde Fevereiro de 2007, foi encarado pelos seus promotores como sendo a génese de uma futura instituição museológica a criar na Diocese da Guarda. O enquadramento geográfico, histórico, eclesial e cultural do território pertencente à Diocese da Guarda, a análise aprofundada daquele Projecto de Inventário, as reflexões sobre a acção e posição da Igreja Católica em matéria de preservação e musealização do seu património religioso, bem como a observação de outras experiências de inventariação levadas a cabo por outras instituições eclesiásticas (Arquidiocese de Évora) foram fundamentais para apresentar linhas que contribuam para a definição da vocação e objectivos do novo Museu de história, arte e religião da Diocese da Guarda. As propostas programáticas que desenvolvo neste projecto de mestrado apontam no sentido da constituição de um Sistema Integrado para o Património Religioso (SIPR), que agregue aquele futuro museu, enquanto entidade coordenadora, as estruturas policêntricas (edifícios religiosos ao culto) e ainda as entidades de carácter museal, identificadas no diagnóstico, dispersas no território da Diocese da Guarda. Como âncora desse sistema, ao Museu de história, arte e religião da Diocese da Guarda competiriam funções de coordenação em matéria de preservação (incorporação; conservação e restauro; inventário e documentação), de investigação e de divulgação do património religioso in situ ou ex situ (em espaço museal), promovendo e dinamizando parcerias e acompanhando a vivência do património e as manifestações religiosas e culturais das comunidades no território da Diocese.
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Dunes, Mathieu. "Le système de management de marque : médiateur de la relation entre l'orientation marché et la performance marque : Une comparaison sur la base de cinq secteurs d'activité." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090064.
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Les systèmes de management de marque (BMS) sont d’une importance centrale pour contrôler de façon efficace le management de marque et mettre en valeur la performance de l’entreprise. Une difficulté actuelle concerne l’évaluation des pratiques des managers de marque et leurs contributions à la performance. Cette recherche doctorale tente de pallier cette limite de plusieurs manières : (1) en identifiant les pratiques saillantes et composantes du BMS ; (2) en définissant une échelle de mesure du BMS ; (3) en testant son rôle médiateur dans la relation entre le concept d’orientation marché et la performance marque ; (4) en déterminant globalement , mais aussi sectoriellement, les pratiques saillantes du management de marque qui contribuent à la performance marque mesurée de façon subjective et objective, ainsi que les effets ; (5) en étudiant le rôle de variables qui pourraient modérer cet effet médiateur. Les résultats d’une analyse de sentier auprès de 359 managers de marque confirment l’existence de l’effet médiateur du système de management de marque. Nous démontrons qu’il existe également un chemin médiateur passant par cet effet et ayant un impact sur la performance subjective de la marque puis la performance financière objective. Les analyses multi-groupes mettent en avant des différences sectorielles dans la valorisation des pratiques du management de marque et de l’orientation marché, fournissant ainsi des éléments d’information pour la prise de décision du top managementBrand management systems (BMSs) are of prime importance to monitor an effective brand management and enhance firms’ performance. The lack of research about brand management practices makes the evaluation of their impact on performance difficult to assess. In order to fill this gap, this doctoral research tries to: (1) identify the BMS’s main practices and components; (2) define a BMS scale; (3) test the BMS mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and brand performance; (4) determine to what extent brand management systems contributes to brand performance, measured at subjective and objective levels, globally and in five sectors; (5) study the moderating effects of firms’ and sectors’ characteristics. The research was carried out with a sample of 359 managers. The results demonstrate the mediating effect of BMS on subjective brand performance to objective financial performance. Multigroup analyses show moderating effects which influence BMS and market orientation valuation, which provides relevant information for top managers’ decision making
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Gourguet, Sophie. "Viabilité biologique et économique pour la gestion durable de pêcheries mixtes." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0060/document.
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L’objectif général de la thèse est de modéliser les principaux processus biologiques et économiques régissant des pêcheries multi-espèces et multi-flottilles afin de proposer des stratégies viables pour la gestion durable de ces pêcheries mixtes, dans un contexte stochastique et multiobjectif. Plus spécifiquement, cette thèse utilise des analyses de co-viabilité stochastique pour étudier les arbitrages entre des objectifs contradictoires de gestion (conservation, et viabilité économique et sociale) des pêcheries mixtes. Deux pêcheries mixtes sont analysées dans cette thèse : la pêcherie française mixte démersale du golfe de Gascogne et la pêcherie crevettière australienne du Nord (NPF). Ces deux pêcheries sont multi-espèces, et utilisent des stratégies multiples de pêche, induisant des impacts directs et indirects sur les écosystèmes. Cette thèse propose une application de la co-viabilité stochastique à ces deux cas, en prenant en compte leur histoire, leur contexte socio-politique et les différences dans les stratégies et objectifs de gestion. Les résultats suggèrent que le status quo peut être considéré comme une stratégie biologiquement durable mais socio économiquement à risque dans les deux pêcheries (ainsi qu’à risque écologique dans le cas de la pêcherie australienne). Les simulations réalisées pour le golfe de Gascogne permettent de comparer les arbitrages associés à différentes réductions de capacités par flottille et de montrer qu’il existe des solutions de gestion permettant la co-viabilité du système (viabilité biologique des différentes espèces considérées et viabilité socio-économique des flottilles) contrairement à des stratégies de gestion mono-spécifiques ou basées sur la maximisation de la rente. Dans la pêcherie crevettière australienne, l’analyse montre que les stratégies de diversification permettent de limiter le risque économique contrairement aux stratégies plus spécialiséesEmpirical evidence and the theoretical literature both point to stock sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity as important fisheries management issues. Decision-support tools are increasingly required to operationalize the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. These tools need to integrate (i) ecological and socio-economic drivers of changes in fisheries and ecosystems; (ii) complex dynamics; (iii) deal with various sources of uncertainty; and (iv) incorporate multiple, rather than single objectives. The stochastic co-viability approach addresses the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives throughout time, and takes into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize exploited ecosystems and biodiversity. This thesis proposes an application of this co-viability approach to the sustainable management of mixed fisheries, using two contrasting case studies: the French Bay of Biscay (BoB) demersal mixed fishery and the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Both fisheries entail direct and indirect impacts on mixed species communities while also generating large economic returns. Their sustainability is therefore a major societal concern. A dynamic bio-economic modelling approach is used to capture the key biological and economic processes governing these fisheries, combining age- (BoB) or size- (NPF) structured models of multiple species with recruitment uncertainty, and multiple fleets (BoB) or fishing strategies (NPF). Economic uncertainties relating to input and output prices are also considered. The bioeconomic models are used to investigate how the fisheries can operate within a set of constraints relating to the preservation of Spawning Stock Biomasses (BoB) or Spawning Stock Size Indices (NPF) of a set of key target species, maintenance of the economic profitability of various fleets (BoB) or the fishery as a whole (NPF), and limitation of fishing impacts on the broader biodiversity (NPF), under a range of alternative scenarios and management strategies. Results suggest that under a status quo strategy both fisheries can be considered as biologically sustainable, while socio-economically (and ecologically in the NPF case) at risk. Despite very different management contexts and objectives, viable management strategies suggest a reduction in the number of vessels in both cases. The BoB simulations allow comparison of the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. Notably, co-viability management strategies entail a more equitable allocation of effort reductions compared to strategies aiming at maximizing economic yield. In the NPF, species catch diversification strategies are shown to perform well in controlling the levels of economic risk, by contrast with more specialized fishing strategies. Furthermore analyses emphasize the importance to the fishing industry of balancing global economic performance with inter-annual economic variability. Promising future developments based on this research involve the incorporation of a broader set of objectives including social dimensions, as well as the integration of ecological interactions, to better address the needs of ecosystem-based approaches to the sustainable harvesting of marine biodiversity
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Yang, Tong. "Constitution et exploitation d’une base de données pour l’enseignement/apprentissage des phrasèmes NAdj du domaine culinaire français auprès d’apprenants non-natifs." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030049.
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Ce projet de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’enseignement du FOS (Français sur Objectifs Spécifiques) à des cuisiniers étrangers venus travailler dans des restaurants français ou ayant choisi la restauration comme spécialité. L’objectif de notre recherche est donc d’enseigner les phrasèmes NAdj du domaine culinaire auprès d’apprenants étrangers niveau A2. L’enseignement/apprentissage de la phraséologie s’avère nécessaire dans les langues de spécialités et la haute fréquence des phrasèmes NAdj a attiré notre attention. Plusieurs questions sont alors abordées : où trouver ce lexique spécifique ? Comment les extraire ? Par quelle approche enseignons-nous les phrasèmes sélectionnés ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons fabriqué notre propre corpus Cuisitext – écrit et oral – puis nous avons utilisé NooJ pour extraire les phrasèmes NAdj du corpus. Enfin, nous avons proposé les trois approches d’utilisation des corpus pour l’enseignement/apprentissage des phrasèmes NAdj : approche inductive guidée, approche déductive, approche inductive pureThis thesis project aims to study the teaching method of FOS (French on Specific Objectives) catering to foreign cooks who come to work in French restaurants or who have chosen catering as a specialty. The objective of our research is therefore to teach the culinary NAdj phrasemas to foreign A2 level learners. The teaching/learning of phraseology is required in specialty languages and the high frequency of NAdj phrasems has caught our attention. Several questions are then addressed: where to find this specific lexicon? How to extract them? By which approach do we teach the selected phrasems? To answer these questions, we made our own corpus Cuisitext - written and oral - and then used NooJ to extract the NAdj phrasems from the corpus. Finally, we have proposed the three approaches to the use of corpora for the teaching/learning of NAdj phrasems: guided inductive approach, deductive approach, pure inductive approach
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Corrêa, André Rodrigues. "Solidariedade e responsabilidade : o tratamento jurídico dos efeitos da criminalidade violenta no transporte público de pessoas no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13721.
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Ce travail essaie d’analyser l’affirmation courante dans la dogmatique brésilienne de ce que les règles de la responsabilité civile objective sont destinées à concrétiser la valeur de la solidarité sociale inscrite dans la Constitution Fédérale du Brésil (article 3, III, in fine) et la directrice de la socialité présente dans le Code Civil de 2002. L’étude commence par la description d’un risque social – la criminalité urbaine violente – et par la présentation de la relation entre une certaine forme historique de manifestation de ce risque et de l’augmentation des cas judiciaires concernant la responsabilité des entreprises de transport urbain pour dommages subis par leurs passagers à cause d’actes violents pratiqués par des tiers lors du trajet. Dans la deuxième partie, on présente les origines du discours de solidarisme juridique et les influences de celui-là sur certaines constructions dogmatiques concernant le phénomène de la responsabilité civile. Finalement, ayant pour base des recherches menées à propos de la jurisprudence de deux tribunaux supérieurs brésiliens (le Supremo Tribunal Federal et le Superior Tribunal de Justiça) on analyse le fond de ces décisions, essayant d’identifier à quel point le discours théorique de la dogmatique est effectivement incorporé au moment de l’application des concepts juridiques implicite dans certains problèmes concrets.O presente trabalho pretende analisar a afirmação corrente, na dogmática civilística brasileira, de que as regras da responsabilidade civil objetiva se destinam a concretizar o valor da solidariedade social inscrito na Constituição Federal (art. 3º, III, in fine) e a diretriz da socialidade presente no Código Civil de 2002. O estudo é feito, inicialmente, por meio da descrição de um risco social – criminalidade urbana violenta – e da apresentação da relação entre uma determinada forma histórica de manifestação desse risco e o aumento dos casos judiciais envolvendo a responsabilidade das empresas de transporte urbano em face de danos sofridos por seus passageiros em razão de atos violentos praticados por terceiros durante o trajeto. Em um segundo momento, são apresentadas as origens do discurso do solidarismo jurídico e as influências desse sobre certas construções dogmáticas relativas ao fenômeno da responsabilidade civil. Por fim, com base em pesquisa realizada sobre a jurisprudência dos dois tribunais superiores brasileiros (Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça), realizou-se a análise de conteúdo das decisões, buscando identificar em que medida o discurso teórico da dogmática é efetivamente incorporado no momento da aplicação dos conceitos jurídicos implicados no tratamento de determinados problemas concretos.
This text aims at analyzing the current belief held by the authors of the Brazilian dogmatic of civil law, that rules concerning objective civil responsibility must realize the value of social solidarity described by the Federal Constitution (Article 3, III, in fine) and the principle of sociality presented by the Civil Code of 2002. The study is done initially through the description of a social risk – violent urban criminality – and the presentation of a relationship between a certain historical form this risk takes and the increase in legal cases involving the responsibility of public transportation companies for damage incurred upon their passengers due to violent acts practiced by third parties on the itinerary. In the second part, we present the origins of the discourse of legal solidarism, and its influence upon certain dogmatic constructions concerning the phenomenon of civil responsibility. Finally, based on research done about the jurisprudence of two Brazilian superior tribunals (the Supremo Tribunal Federal and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça), we analyze the contents of those decisions, aiming at identifying to what extent the theoretical discourse of dogmatic is actually incorporated into the moment of applying the legal concepts implicit in the treatment of certain concrete problems.
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Martins, César Barbosa. "Técnica de intervenção judicial nos contratos: pressupostos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8186.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-24The dissertation focuses on the analysis of conditions which allow judicial review and intervention of contracts when supervening facts that cause substantial variation to the terms and conditions occur. Thus, the objective was to make an approach towards the legal requisites for contractual review and dissolution, based on principles of Brazilian Law, once the contract is distorted due to a subsequent fact. Such work required a historical study, in order to obtain the elementary premises that authorize judicial review and intervention of contracts. In this manner, among other topics, the study of the classic and origin-debated rebus sic stantibus clause was the main theoretical reference for research of the topic. Furthermore, judicial contractual review and dissolution requisites in both Brazilian and foreign legal systems were likewise studied. Without doubt, the approach towards international legal investigation was the primary source of progressive research of the possibilities of relativization of the pacta sunt servanda dogma
A presente dissertação possui o escopo central de analisar os pressupostos que possibilitam a intervenção judicial nos contratos quando este é atingido por um fato superveniente que altere, significativamente, as bases que existiam no momento da contratação. Ou seja, buscou-se pesquisar, segundo o sistema jurídico moderno, baseando-se em princípios do Direito, os requisitos necessários para a revisão ou resolução contratual quando lhe sobrevêm modificações posteriores à sua formação. Para tanto, foi necessária uma regressão histórica que serviu de fundamento para a possibilidade de intervenção judicial nos contratos. Neste ponto, foi analisada, entre outros tópicos, a velha cláusula rebus sic stantibus, de origem controversa, que, sem dúvida alguma, foi a construção teórica que mais estimulou as pesquisas acerca do tema. Foram estudados os requisitos para a aplicação da revisão ou resolução contratual decorrente de fato superveniente no nosso Direito pátrio e no estrangeiro. Este último, sem dúvida alguma, foi a grande fonte que indicou os caminhos para a concretização, entre nós, da possibilidade de relativização do dogma pacta sunt servanda
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Elkhair, Nawal Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Comparative studies on acid-base status in calves (Germany) and young camels (Sudan) as influenced by experimentally induced metabolic acidosis : Introduction and the objectives of the study, Literature review, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Summary, Zusammenfassung, References, Appendixes, Curriculum Vitae, Acknowledgements, Selbtständigkeitserklärung / Nawal Mohamed Elkhair." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022942166/34.
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Pupeikienė, Lina. "Investigation and Applikation of Profilled Schools Schedulling Tasks Optimimization Methods." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090608_173743-06877.
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The problem of profiled school scheduling is important for Lithuanian schools and for similar schools in many other countries. No polynomial time methods are known for this problem.
The objective of this PhD thesis is to investigate heuristic methods for optimization of profiled school schedules. The convenience of application in real-life situations is provided by the vector optimization approach using platform-independent software implementation.
The task of experimental investigation is to select such parameters of heuristic methods that minimize expected deviation from the optimum.
Four optimization methods were regarded: Local Deterministic (LD), Local Randomized (LR), Simulated Annealing (SA), and SA with parameters optimized using the Bayesian approach (BA). The composite method of AM and BA provided the best results.
In Chapter 1 of the dissertation, various aspects of work of optimization methods as well as popular program languages suitable for school schedule optimization are analyzed. Literature about school scheduling is analysed.
In Chapter 2, conclusions are drawn how the optimization of heuristic parameters influences the speed and accuracy of finding the optimal solution. A technical rating analysis of popular schedule programs is made and technical disadvantages are listed. Criteria for evaluating the quality of results are proposed that include heuristic parameters in search of optimal schedules. Recommendations are states how to assess the choice and... [to full text]Profiliuotos mokyklos tvarkaraščio kūrimas yra aktualus uždavinys tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose šalyse. Nėra žinoma polinominių būdų šiai problemai spręsti. Pagrindinis šios daktaro disertacijos objektas yra ištirti euristinius metodus, skirtus profiliuotos mokyklos tvarkaraščio optimizavimui. Tvarkaraščio formavimo kriterijai, kurie yra reikalingi realiame gyvenime, nustatomi vektorinio optimizavimo metodais bei realizuojami nuo operacinės sistemos nepriklausoma programine įranga. Eksperimentinių tyrimų uždavinys – surasti tokius euristinių metodų parametrus, kurie minimizuotų numatytą nuokrypį. Disertacijoje aprašomi keturi optimizavimo metodai: lokalus determinuotas (LD), lokalus atsitiktinis (LA), atkaitinimo modeliavimo (AM) ir AM parametrų optimizavimas naudojant Bayes (BA) metodą. Kombinuotas AM ir Bayes metodas duoda geriausius rezultatus. Pirmajame apžvelgiama su mokyklos tvarkaraščių formavimu susijusi literatūra. Analizuojami tinkamiausi optimizavimo metodų darbo aspektai. Analizuojamos populiariausios programavimo kalbos, tinkančios kurti mokyklų tvarkaraščių optimizavimo programą. Antrajame skyriuje formuluojamas profiliuotų mokyklų tvarkaraščio kūrimo matematinis modelis. Analizuojami profiliuotose mokyklose naudojami euristiniai parametrai. Atlikti populiarių tvarkaraščių programų vertinimai ir analizės. Įvardijami šių programų trūkumai. Trečiajame skyriuje, remiantis 2 skyriaus analize ir išvadomis, pateiktas profiliuotos mokyklos lanksčios tvarkaraščio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Pupeikienė, Lina. "Optimizavimo metodų tyrimas ir taikymas profiliuotų mokyklų tvarkaraščių sudarymo uždaviniuose." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090608_180419-54501.
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Profiliuotos mokyklos tvarkaraščio kūrimas yra aktualus uždavinys tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose šalyse. Nėra žinoma polinominių būdų šiai problemai spręsti.
Pagrindinis šios daktaro disertacijos objektas yra ištirti euristinius metodus, skirtus profiliuotos mokyklos tvarkaraščio optimizavimui. Tvarkaraščio formavimo kriterijai, kurie yra reikalingi realiame gyvenime, nustatomi vektorinio optimizavimo metodais bei realizuojami nuo operacinės sistemos nepriklausoma programine įranga.
Eksperimentinių tyrimų uždavinys – surasti tokius euristinių metodų parametrus, kurie minimizuotų numatytą nuokrypį.
Disertacijoje aprašomi keturi optimizavimo metodai: lokalus determinuotas (LD), lokalus atsitiktinis (LA), atkaitinimo modeliavimo (AM) ir AM parametrų optimizavimas naudojant Bayes (BA) metodą. Kombinuotas AM ir Bayes metodas duoda geriausius rezultatus.
Pirmajame apžvelgiama su mokyklos tvarkaraščių formavimu susijusi literatūra. Analizuojami tinkamiausi optimizavimo metodų darbo aspektai. Analizuojamos populiariausios programavimo kalbos, tinkančios kurti mokyklų tvarkaraščių optimizavimo programą.
Antrajame skyriuje formuluojamas profiliuotų mokyklų tvarkaraščio kūrimo matematinis modelis. Analizuojami profiliuotose mokyklose naudojami euristiniai parametrai. Atlikti populiarių tvarkaraščių programų vertinimai ir analizės. Įvardijami šių programų trūkumai.
Trečiajame skyriuje, remiantis 2 skyriaus analize ir išvadomis, pateiktas profiliuotos mokyklos lanksčios tvarkaraščio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The problem of profiled school scheduling is important for Lithuanian schools and for similar schools in many other countries. No polynomial time methods are known for this problem. The objective of this PhD thesis is to investigate heuristic methods for optimization of profiled school schedules. The convenience of application in real-life situations is provided by the vector optimization approach using platform-independent software implementation. The task of experimental investigation is to select such parameters of heuristic methods that minimize expected deviation from the optimum. Four optimization methods were regarded: Local Deterministic (LD), Local Randomized (LR), Simulated Annealing (SA), and SA with parameters optimized using the Bayesian approach (BA). The composite method of AM and BA provided the best results. In Chapter 1 of the dissertation, various aspects of work of optimization methods as well as popular program languages suitable for school schedule optimization are analyzed. Literature about school scheduling is analysed. In Chapter 2, conclusions are drawn how the optimization of heuristic parameters influences the speed and accuracy of finding the optimal solution. A technical rating analysis of popular schedule programs is made and technical disadvantages are listed. Criteria for evaluating the quality of results are proposed that include heuristic parameters in search of optimal schedules. Recommendations are states how to assess the choice and... [to full text]
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Cleveland, Wesley M. "The input objection: Bane of coherence theory." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13423.
Full textAbstract:
A pure coherence theory of empirical justification claims that the justification of empirical beliefs is based solely on internal relations. This claim gives rise to the input objection, which states that pure coherentism allows empirical justification to be cut off from the world.
Laurence BonJour and Michael Williams attempt to rebut the input objection. BonJour does so by means of cognitively spontaneous beliefs. The arguments for these beliefs are, however, fraught with too many difficulties for the notion of cognitively spontaneous beliefs to be tenable. Williams challenges the input objection by means of a dilemma, claiming that either the input objection is unintelligible, or epistemic beliefs provide the pure coherentist with a ready answer to the objection. The dilemma is unsuccessful since it fails to take into account all of the plausible conceptions of the world that are available. The input objection therefore remains a problem with which these coherentists must wrestle.
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Liu, Zhi-Jia, and 劉志家. "The Study of Objective-Oriented Technology for Model of Mold Knowledge Base System." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10748946224218735568.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程所
91
The mold design depends mainly on the experiences of sophisticated engineers, though a lot of CAD/CAE/CAE software can be supported. It is hard to reserve for the knowledge of the mold design, because the engineers are retired and resigned. Initially, the expert system is used to solve the problem, but there are some possible disadvantages, such as knowledge deficiency and limited rules. The technology of knowledge engineering, in this study, is applied to develop an intelligent mold knowledge system. This system processes the capabilities of building quickly the domain-knowledge framework, acquiring and restoring automatically related knowledge, and providing the mechanism of case-based inference. In this paper, the system of the material selection is employed as an example to describe the application of the intelligent mold knowledge system.
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Yeh, Chang-Yin, and 葉昶吟. "Applying Multi-Objective Decision Making for Refuge Base Selection in the Scenic Area: A Case Study of Hualien." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82746576611694590552.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光休閒事業管理研究所
97
Hualien and Taitung, with their natural and biological resources and aboriginal culture, attract many tourists every year. Because of the geographical features of Taiwan, the eastern part often becomes isolated and the safety of the residents and the tourists are threatened when it was invaded and attacked by natural disasters. Recently, the government tries to equally emphasize the importance of tourism development and disaster prevention. When a disaster occurred, helping the tourists to evacuate rapidly is the most important. In this research, we propose a multi-objective model for evacuating refugees in scenic area when an earthquake occurs, and the solutions are found by weighted method. Finally, Taroko National Park is demonstrated as a numerical example to validate our idea.
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Joshi, Adarsh. "Bayesian Model Selection for High-dimensional High-throughput Data." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7740.
Full textAbstract:
Bayesian methods are often criticized on the grounds of subjectivity. Furthermore, misspecified
priors can have a deleterious effect on Bayesian inference. Noting that model
selection is effectively a test of many hypotheses, Dr. Valen E. Johnson sought to eliminate
the need of prior specification by computing Bayes' factors from frequentist test statistics.
In his pioneering work that was published in the year 2005, Dr. Johnson proposed
using so-called local priors for computing Bayes? factors from test statistics. Dr. Johnson
and Dr. Jianhua Hu used Bayes' factors for model selection in a linear model setting. In
an independent work, Dr. Johnson and another colleage, David Rossell, investigated two
families of non-local priors for testing the regression parameter in a linear model setting.
These non-local priors enable greater separation between the theories of null and alternative
hypotheses.
In this dissertation, I extend model selection based on Bayes' factors and use nonlocal
priors to define Bayes' factors based on test statistics. With these priors, I have been
able to reduce the problem of prior specification to setting to just one scaling parameter.
That scaling parameter can be easily set, for example, on the basis of frequentist operating
characteristics of the corresponding Bayes' factors. Furthermore, the loss of information by basing a Bayes' factors on a test statistic is minimal.
Along with Dr. Johnson and Dr. Hu, I used the Bayes' factors based on the likelihood
ratio statistic to develop a method for clustering gene expression data. This method has
performed well in both simulated examples and real datasets. An outline of that work is
also included in this dissertation. Further, I extend the clustering model to a subclass of
the decomposable graphical model class, which is more appropriate for genotype data sets,
such as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Efficient FORTRAN programming has
enabled me to apply the methodology to hundreds of nodes.
For problems that produce computationally harder probability landscapes, I propose a
modification of the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to extract information regarding
the important network structures in the data. This modified algorithm performs well in
inferring complex network structures. I use this method to develop a prediction model for
disease based on SNP data. My method performs well in cross-validation studies.
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Correia, Ricardo Jorge de Castro. "Aplicação do “Performance Prism” como modelo de orientação e monitorização estratégica: um estudo de caso aplicado ao Grupo Porto Bay Hotels." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2641.
Full textAbstract:
JEL Classification System
M100, M190Num mercado global e altamente concorrencial, a monitorização e análise integrada da performance estratégica é essencial para que as organizações atinjam os seus objectivos, alinhando as operações do dia-a-dia com a estratégia corporativa da organização. Tradicionalmente as praticas de gestão e de análise da performance são na grande maioria orientadas e baseadas em indicadores derivados de informação contabilística e financeira, limitando a leitura e análise a factos passados e com uma visão de curto prazo. Neste contexto de uma realidade actual, propomos aplicar a uma organização hoteleira em expansão um modelo de análise e medição de desempenho. Denominado de Performance Prism, o modelo defende que a monitorização da performance nas organizações deve sempre partir de objectivos estratégicos, resultado de um alinhamento entre os interesses de todos os stakeholders da empresa. Assim o Performance Prism, com uma orientação clara para os intervenientes em toda a cadeia de valor, encoraja os gestores e administração a considerar no seu processo de formulação de objectivos e de prossecução de estratégias associadas os factores de satisfação e contribuição desses mesmos stakeholders. O objectivo do trabalho será então o de estabelecer uma grelha integrada de medição da performance estratégica para o Grupo Porto Bay aplicando os princípios de Performance Prism, utilizando para isso todas as fontes de informação disponíveis na organização. Assim e utilizando o principio da não interferência com a realidade observada pretendemos, através de um processo de colecta, leitura, análise e sistematização da informação recolhida na organização, procurar explicitar como pode uma organização particular orientar a sua informação para monitorizar o seu desempenho dando assim aos gestores uma ferramenta sólida de apoio á decisão.
In a demanding and global market, monitoring and analyzing strategic business performance in a continuous and integrated manner is essential for enterprises to achieve excellence, and to better align daily operations with long-term strategies. Traditionally business performance is based on financial and accounting indicators, normally focused on past actions within short term orientation. In this context we propose to apply to a hotel group called Porto Bay Hotels an integrated measurement system called Performance Prism, which highlights that performance measurement should be the result of strategic objectives defined by organization, in a way that aligns managers and stakeholders interest. The Performance Prism, with its comprehensive stakeholder orientation, encourages managers to consider the wants and needs of all the organization’s stakeholders, as well as the associated strategies, processes and capabilities. The final propose is to build for Porto Bay Hotels a guideline using the Performance Prism Model, nurturing the capabilities for monitoring strategic goals and aligning it throughout all organization levels, using and organizing all the source data and information available in this organization and therefore providing a solid management tool for decision making.
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Frye, Jake A. "Performance-objective design of a wind-diesel hybrid energy system for Scott Base, Antarctica : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Canterbury /." 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070515.210232.
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Magot, David. "METHODES ET OUTILS LOGICIELS D'AIDE AU DIMENSIONNEMENT. APPLICATION AUX COMPOSANTS MAGNETIQUES ET AUX FILTRES PASSIFS." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389262.
Full textAbstract:
Les logiciels d'optimisation constituent une aide au dimensionnement des dispositifs, susceptible d'améliorer la productivité des concepteurs dans l'industrie. Ces logiciels présentent néanmoins certaines limitations, découlant des méthodes d'optimisation utilisées ou liées à la modélisation du dispositif à dimensionner, desquelles il est possible de s'affranchir. Ainsi, l'adjonction à un tel logiciel de méthodes d'optimisation existantes, par ailleurs adaptées au contexte applicatif des composants magnétiques, permet au concepteur de considérer plusieurs objectifs simultanément ou d'intégrer les bases de données de fournisseurs. Une démarche de modélisation basée sur l'emploi de paramètres calculés à partir d'extrema de fonctions autorise quant à elle la prise en compte de manière unifiée des tolérances lors de l'optimisation ainsi que des gabarits, qui caractérisent les filtres électroniques par exemple. Un mode de calcul analytique des inductances de fuite des transformateurs est également proposé, afin d'améliorer la modélisation a priori de ce type de composant aux formats divers.
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Sousa, Manuel Carlos dos Santos. "Intelligent forecasting of electricity consumption in buildings, for application in the iberian market of electricity bidding." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/12512.
Full textAbstract:
O governo português, numa iniciativa conjunta com o governo espanhol, formou o Mercado Ibérico de Eletricidade ou MIBEL, que possibilita a qualquer consumidor do espaço ibérico, adquirir energia elétrica num regime de livre concorrência, a qualquer produtor ou comercializador de energia elétrica que atue em Portugal ou Espanha. Criou-se assim um mercado de energia muito competitivo, onde a energia elétrica é comprada e vendida ao preço do mercado. Como consequência, o risco assumido pelas empresas que produzem, vendem ou compram energia elétrica aumentou substancialmente, tornando-se difícil gerir uma empresa deste sector sem fazer qualquer tipo de análise estatística ou sem implementar técnicas e métodos de previsão. Daí a necessidade de estudar e desenvolver modelos de previsão para o consumo da energia elétrica.
Numa perspetiva de otimização das ofertas de compra de energia, em mercados organizados, atendendo às previsões das necessidades dos clientes e volatilidade dos contratos, o processo de compra revela-se uma atividade crucial. O trabalho desenvolvido presente neste relatório vem no seguimento desta necessidade identificada durante o periodo de estágio na empresa do Grupo Rolear, no departamento Rolear Viva responsável pela comercialização de electricidade e gás natural no mercado livre. Depois de um período de estudo aprofundado do funcionamento do setor, foram utilizados modelos de redes neuronais de função de base radial (RBFNN), em que a sua estrutura foi otimizada através do algoritmo genético multi-objectivo (MOGA). Os modelos foram idealizados para um horizonte de previsão de 24 e 48 horas, assentes em abordagens de consumos energéticos sazonais e anual, bem como utilizando variáveis exógenas que reflitam os hábitos diários e contributos atmosféricos no consumo de energia.
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Al-amin, Yaser Imad Mohammed. "Predictive models of buildings energy consumption." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8330.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015O rápido crescimento do consumo energético no mundo levanta preocupações sobre as dificuldades de fornecimento, a exaustão dos recursos energéticos e os pesados impactos ambientais (desgaste da camada de ozono, aquecimento global, alterações climáticas, etc.), assim como os efeitos económicos. Devido a esta razão, eficiência de energia em edifícios é o principal objectivo das políticas de hoje em dia, a nível regional, national e international.