Journal articles: 'Objective and Subjective Status'

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Liebe, Ulf, Nicole Schwitter, and Andreas Tutić. "Objective Status, Subjective Status and Prosociality of Swiss Apprentices." Swiss Journal of Sociology 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjs-2019-0004.

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Abstract In previous research, both positive and negative relationships between social status and prosociality have been reported. We argue that the nature of the observed status can explain these divergent findings. In an experimental study with technical and commercial apprentices, we show that objective status can have a positive effect on prosocial behaviour and that subjective status can have a negative effect when controlling for objective status.

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Strizoe, Alexander L., and Victoria A. Khrapova. "Cultural status: The dialectics of objective and subjective." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2021-21-1-52-56.

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The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the concept of “cultural status” in modern scientific discourse, which includes structural-functional and communicative approaches and allows to identify the invariant features present in this concept. These features, according to the authors, are associated with the category of measure, which fixes the balance of the diverse features of human nature. Cultural status reflects the position of its bearer in the space-time continuum and the context of values, norms, and relationships. It also sets a certain degree of autonomy, an ontological self that determines the perspective of vision. The interpretation of a status as a position allows us to reveal the relativity of any order, the qualitative uniqueness of the subjects of culture and the ways of mastering space. Allocation of subjective and objective aspects of cultural status makes it possible to describe the functions and fields formed by its carriers. The proposed approach allows us to study the risk-generating nature of the modern socio-cultural space.

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Coburn, David, and Virginia L. Edwards. "Objective and subjective socioeconomic status: intercorrelations and consequences*." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2008): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1976.tb00797.x.

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Ghaed, Shiva G., and Linda C. Gallo. "Subjective social status, objective socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular risk in women." Health Psychology 26, no. 6 (November 2007): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.6.668.

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Präg, Patrick. "Subjective socio-economic status predicts self-rated health irrespective of objective family socio-economic background." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 7 (June 7, 2020): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820926053.

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Aim: Subjective appraisals of socio-economic status (SES) are robustly associated with health outcomes, even when controlling for objective SES. Is this because objective SES is not accounted for in a sufficiently exhaustive way? Methods: I pool eight waves of nationally representative survey data from Germany (German General Social Survey, 2004–18, N=13,557) to assess the association between two separate subjective appraisals of SES (a 10-point scale and subjectively chosen social class membership) and poor self-rated health using logit and linear probability models. I account for an exhaustive range of objective SES variables, including respondents’ household incomes and social status, as well as occupational status, social class and education of respondents and of their partners, fathers and mothers. Results: The association between subjective SES and poor self-rated health remains stable, even when accounting for a wide range of objective SES markers. This is true for both subjective SES measured on a 10-point scale and as a subjective class identification. Conclusions: Even when controlling for a large number of objective SES markers, subjective SES and self-rated health are linked, suggesting that subjective assessments of SES are meaningful measures of SES which form a distinct pathway to health.

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Edwards, Tory, Rebekah Belasco, Alfonso Joaquin Munoz, Vernon Rayo, and Michael Buono. "Subjective vs. Objective Urine Color: Effect of Hydration Status." Advances in Applied Physiology 5, no. 2 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20200502.12.

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Sawada, Kyosuke, Kazunari Yoshida, Chisa Ozawa, Yuya Mizuno, Ellen B. Rubinstein, Takefumi Suzuki, Masaru Mimura, and Hiroyuki Uchida. "Impact of subjective vs. objective remission status on subjective cognitive impairments in depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 246 (March 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.049.

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Ogbeide, Stacy A., and Christopher A. Neumann. "Sleep and the Social Matrix: Determinants of Health Status Beyond Objective Social Status." Psychology, Community & Health 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v4i1.107.

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AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective social status (SSS) and objective socioeconomic status (SES) on sleep status (sleep duration and daytime sleepiness).MethodThe study sample included 73 primary care patients from a free medical clinic in which low-income individuals are primarily treated. Subjective social status was measured using the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status which uses a pictorial format (social ladder) in order to assess current social status. Socioeconomic status was measured by assessing highest level of education and current income level.ResultsCommunity SSS did not significantly predict sleep duration or daytime sleepiness. Additional regression analyses were conducted and it was found that an overall model of U.S. SSS and community SSS significantly predicted perceived stress. Community SSS was found to be significantly associated with perceived stress. Regression results also indicated that an overall model of U.S. SSS and community SSS significantly predicted perceived health status.ConclusionIt may be beneficial for clinicians working with low-income primary care populations to include measures of SSS in addition to the traditional measures of SES for multidimensional patient care.

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Mendola, Joseph. "Objective Value and Subjective States." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50, no. 4 (June 1990): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2108230.

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Huynh, Virginia W., and Jessica J. Chiang. "Subjective Social Status and Adolescent Health." Youth & Society 50, no. 7 (April 27, 2016): 926–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16646028.

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Despite adolescence being a period marked by significant social changes, research on social status focuses largely on adults. This study examined whether school and societal subjective social status (SSS) are differentially associated with adolescent health above and beyond objective socioeconomic status (SES), and explored pathways linking SSS to health. Latino ( n = 169) and Asian American ( n = 77) adolescents ( M age = 17.23, SD = 0.74; 59% female) completed self-reports of SSS, sleep, stress, and somatic symptoms. Parents reported income and education. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained. Results indicate that independent of objective SES, lower school SSS was associated with higher diastolic BP whereas lower societal SSS was associated with more somatic symptoms. Sleep disruptions and perceived stress mediated the association between societal SSS and somatic symptoms. Results suggest that SSS may be more important to adolescent health than objective SES. Furthermore, school and societal SSS may differentially affect indicators of health through different pathways.

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Buzskiy, Marat. "Objective and Subjective in the Modern Informational Society." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.3.

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The article presents the experience of the critical study of information monism principle, which has become widespread in modern concepts of information society, and associated information determinism. In this criticism, the author consistently proves the position that the necessary, not removable condition for the existence and development of society at all historical stages is the subject-object relationship, and it is preserved in modern information processes. So today, the idealization of the status of information and its role in society is one-sided understanding of this society, which is the result of a methodologically-destructive transformations and omissions, first of all, attempts to deploy pluralistic content from the flow of information in complex social environment including the consciousness of people as subjects, their values and multi-dimensional activities. The author states that the mediator and the space of interaction between subject and object in society is the activity in which they are complementary parties. The basis of the modern information society is also the activity, however, its access to the global level requires a new level of self-consciousness and self-determination. Therefore within the activity its system scale representing it as the subject became more active, and the information began to express "substance" of activity as the process developed in time and including information events (texts) – as objectivity which does not reach target result and does not break away from a stream of activity and communications. Identifying texts as expressed "objectivity" information becomes a regulator of specific activities of subjects interacting with the subject-spatial environment. Information links and divides the global scope of activities and their traditional private forms. Information becomes "primary" not because it replaces other types of resources and is the generative basis of society, but because it now acts as an intermediary between the activities of the subject as a function of the system, on the one hand, and the actions of specific subjects, which are based on the information dimension of the subject activity, on the other hand. The research paper offers and investigates the definitions of the categories "subjective", "objective", information", "activity", which make the logical structure of the article more reasonable, increase the level of its argumentation. The restoration of the status of "objective" through the perspective of activity, as the author shows, is the basis for the restoration of the status and content of the modern personality, the expansion of its role and scale in society.

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Xie, Lijian, Suhong Zhou, and Lin Zhang. "Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030930.

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Housing is an important social determinant of mental health. However, few studies simultaneously measure the objective housing status (i.e., housing tenure, living space, housing conditions, and housing stability) and subjective housing status (i.e., housing satisfaction) as well as examine their effects on people’s mental health (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). Thus, using a sample size of 1003 participants by two-stage random sampling survey in Guangzhou, China, this study applies multivariate ordinary least square regression models to comprehensively explore and compare the associations between objective and subjective housing status with mental health, and then analyze the moderating effects of subjective housing status on the relationships between objective housing status and mental health. The findings suggest that there are significant differences in people’s mental health based on different housing status. The subjective housing status can better explain the variances in mental health than objective housing status. Also, subjective housing status may partly mitigate the adverse impacts of objective housing disadvantages on some aspects of an individual’s mental health. Therefore, housing improvement policies and public health initiatives should be designed based on a comprehensive account of objective and subjective housing characteristics as well as their influences on specific aspects of mental health.

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Klandermans, Bert, John Klein Hesselink, and Tinka van Vuuren. "Employment status and job insecurity: On the subjective appraisal of an objective status." Economic and Industrial Democracy 31, no. 4 (February 17, 2010): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x09358362.

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Singh-Manoux, Archana, Michael G. Marmot, and Nancy E. Adler. "Does Subjective Social Status Predict Health and Change in Health Status Better Than Objective Status?" Psychosomatic Medicine 67, no. 6 (November 2005): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000188434.52941.a0.

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Alladi, K., J. T. Santoso, T. Cannada, B. O'FARREL, and R. L. Coleman. "Subjective versus objective nutritional assessment study in women with gynecological cancer: a prospective cohort trial." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 14, no. 2 (2004): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200403000-00006.

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ObjectiveNutritional evaluation of cancer patients may lead to treatment intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality. This evaluation can be done subjectively or objectively. We studied the correlation between subjective and objective nutritional assessment in gynecological oncology patients.MethodsSixty-seven consecutive patients admitted to the gynecological oncology service were prospectively evaluated by laboratory criteria using a standardized formula. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) consists of tests measuring albumin, transferrin, triceps skin fold, and skin sensitivity reaction to common antigens. The patients were also subjectively evaluated using a standardized questionnaire and physical examination, known as the subjective global assessment, by two clinicians who were blinded from the PNI results. Both scores were categorized as normal, mild malnutrition, or severe malnutrition. Reproducibility of the subjective testers and consistency between the subjective and the objective evaluations were assessed with a weighted kappa statistic.ResultsCancer distribution consisted of 39 (58%) cervical, 16 (24%) endometrial, 11 (16%) ovarian, and one (2%) vulvar carcinomas. There was a high level of agreement between the two subjective raters (weighted kappa = 0.797; 95% CI 0.67–0.92). Furthermore, there were no cases in which the ratings differed by two points on the three-point ordered scale of nutritional status. Agreement between the two evaluation methods was only fair to moderate (weighted kappa = 0.435; 95% CI 0.28–0.59). Agreement was exact in 38 of 67 patients (57%). There were eight patients (12%) where the difference in ratings differed by two points on the ordinal scale, all with the subjective scored as normal, but the objective rated as severe malnourishment.ConclusionIn assessing nutritional status of gynecological patients, subjective assessment differs with objective/laboratory measurement.

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Li, Wenqi, Ying Yang, Junhui Wu, and Yu Kou. "Testing the Status-Legitimacy Hypothesis in China: Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status Divergently Predict System Justification." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 7 (January 2, 2020): 1044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219893997.

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The status-legitimacy hypothesis proposes that people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to justify the social system than those with higher SES. However, empirical studies found inconsistent findings. In the present research, we argue that at least part of the confusion stems from the possibility that objective and subjective SES are differently related to system justification. On one hand, subjective SES is more related to status maintenance motivation and may increase system justification. On the other hand, objective SES is more related to access to information about the social reality, which may increase criticism about the system and lead to lower system justification. These hypotheses were supported by evidence from five studies (total N = 26,134) involving both adult and adolescent samples in China. We recommend that future research on status-related issues needs to distinguish the potential divergent roles of objective and subjective SES.

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Beveridge, Allan. "Time to abandon the subjective–objective divide?" Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 3 (March 2002): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.3.101.

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“We don't see things as they are, we see things as we are” (Anaïs Nin, 1969)In the mental state examination, a standard method of describing the clinical encounter is to contrast the patient's supposedly ‘subjective’ account with the doctor's ‘objective’ description. In this model, the doctor is granted a privileged position: the clinician's perspective is taken to be superior to that of the patient. The doctor's objective approach is considered neutral, scientific and representing the truth of the matter. In contrast, the patient's subjective report is regarded as unreliable, distorted and potentially false. The lowly status of the subjective perspective is further emphasised by the frequent use of the accompanying prefix, merely.

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Barber, Gerald, and Charles T. Heise. "Subjective Estimates of Exercise Ability: Comparison to Objective Measurements." Pediatric Exercise Science 3, no. 4 (November 1991): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.3.4.327.

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Although not well validated, physicians frequently use subjective estimates of exercise ability to assess clinical status and therapeutic results. This study employed a standardized questionnaire and cardiopulmonary exercise test to compare the results of subjective estimates by 211 patients (mean age 13.9 yrs) with objective measurements of exercise ability. Questionnaire data correlated with measured maximal oxygen consumption. Individuals thought to be below average had a maximal oxygen consumption of 21±6 ml/kg/min. Those thought to have average fitness had a maximal oxygen consumption of 26±8 ml/kg/min, and those thought to be above average had a maximal oxygen consumption of 30±7 ml/kg/min. There was a great degree of overlap and scatter of these data, however, such that questionnaire data significantly overestimated exercise ability in 67% and underestimated it in 3% of the subjects. In only 30% of the subjects did the subjective estimate of exercise ability correspond with objectively measured exercise ability. It was concluded that subjective estimates are unreliable and should not be used in assessing the functional status of an individual patient, but subjective estimates may give some idea of objective capabilities in large population studies.

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Couperus, Jane, Shuyang Lin, Sukhneet Kaur, Jiaan Shang, Urvi Suwal, Cindy Bukach, and Cathy Reed. "Individual Differences in Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, and the N2pc." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2775.

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Cohen, Sheldon, Cuneyt M. Alper, William J. Doyle, Nancy Adler, John J. Treanor, and Ronald B. Turner. "Objective and subjective socioeconomic status and susceptibility to the common cold." Health Psychology 27, no. 2 (March 2008): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.268.

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Veenstra, Gerry, and Shona Kelly. "Comparing objective and subjective status: Gender and space (and environmental justice?)." Health & Place 13, no. 1 (March 2007): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.09.010.

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Friedman, Elliot M., Gayle D. Love, Melissa A. Rosenkranz, Heather L. Urry, Richard J. Davidson, Burton H. Singer, and Carol D. Ryff. "Socioeconomic Status Predicts Objective and Subjective Sleep Quality in Aging Women." Psychosomatic Medicine 69, no. 7 (September 2007): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e31814ceada.

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Kolennikova, Nina D. "The economic status of Russia’s working population: objective and subjective dimensions." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 24, no. 1 (2018): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2018.24.1.498.

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Tan, Jacinth J. X., Michael W. Kraus, Nichelle C. Carpenter, and Nancy E. Adler. "The association between objective and subjective socioeconomic status and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic review." Psychological Bulletin 146, no. 11 (November 2020): 970–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000258.

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English, Alaina N., Jennifer A. Bellingtier, and Shevaun D. Neupert. "It’s “the Joneses”: the influence of objective and subjective socioeconomic status on subjective perceptions of aging." European Journal of Ageing 16, no. 1 (May 12, 2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10433-018-0475-2.

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Sung, Hyeyeon, Jihun Na, Sungkyu Lee, and Sehyun Baek. "Comparisons of factors associated with suicidal ideation of older individuals by health status." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 932–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3374.

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Abstract This study examined the factors associated with suicidal ideation among older individuals and compared those factors by their objective and subjective health status. Data were obtained from the 13th wave of the Korean Health Panel Survey in 2018. The sample of 6,283 older individuals, who are 55 years and older, was classified into four groups by their objective and subjective health status. Objective health status was measured by the number of chronic health conditions, and subjective health status was defined by an individual’s self-reported health status. To examine the factors associated with suicidal ideation among four groups of older individuals, logistic regression analyses were conducted after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, physical health and mental health characteristics. The results show that depression and anxiety were found as common factors associated with suicidal ideation for all four groups. As for the group of older individuals who reported bad objective health and bad subjective health, younger age, being male, and low educational attainment were found to be associated suicidal ideation. For those with bad objective health regardless of their subjective health status, the level of stress was found to be related to suicidal ideation among older individuals. Based upon those results, the present study discussed practical and policy implications for suicide prevention among older individuals by reflecting their objective health and subjective health status.

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de Hoog, Natascha, Susanne van Dinther, and Esther Bakker. "Socioeconomic status and health-compromising behaviour: Is it all about perception?" Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.1840.

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Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many health issues and health-compromising behaviour (HCB). Most research is based on objective indicators of SES, even though subjective SES, someone’s perception of their social standing, is also related to health. Moreover, perceptions of health and HCB might also be of importance. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between both objective and subjective SES and perceived health and HCB respectively, and the role of perceptions of HCB. 326 respondents completed measures of objective and subjective SES, perceived health, HCB and perceptions of HCB. Results showed objective and subjective SES were related to perceived health. Only subjective SES was related to HCB, while for objective SES a moderating effect of perceiving HCB as typically high or low SES was found. Not only objective SES, but especially perceptions of SES and HCB are associated with someone feeling healthy and engaging in HCB. Health interventions should try to tackle perceptions of SES and HCB, either by invalidating current SES related perceptions or by emphasizing new healthy perceptions.

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Kim, Younoh, and Vlad Radoias. "Risk and Time Preferences, Subjective Social Status, and Smoking Behaviors." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.2.4.

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Objectives: In the context of rapidly developing economies, socioeconomic changes bring about increased inequality, lower perceived social status, stress, and depression, all of which contribute to the high incidence of smoking. In this study, we investigate the linkages between social status and smoking behaviors. Methods: Using data from Indonesia, we use regression analysis to study the roles of socioeconomic factors and individual risk and time preferences in determining smoking behaviors. Results: We find that both objective and perceived social status matter, but the role of perceived social status is orders of magnitude larger than that of objective social status measures, such as income or education. Conclusions: Whereas traditional policies focused on income or education can be effective in reducing smoking, our results suggest that much more can be achieved through policies that target inequality and socioeconomic stress.

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Zhou, Yang. "The trajectory of subjective social status and its multiple determinants in contemporary China." Chinese Journal of Sociology 7, no. 4 (October 2021): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211045746.

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Subjective social status is an individual's perception of his/her position in the social stratum, and it shapes social inequality in a perceived way. By using the China Family Panel Studies and employing growth curve modeling strategies, this article examines the subjective social status trajectories of Chinese people between 2010 and 2018 and how these trajectories are shaped by objective social status. The empirical findings show that the distribution of subjective social status in each wave (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) presents a middle-class identification, which means that the majority of people tend to position their subjective social status at the middle level, while the overall trend in average subjective social status has increased over time. The results of trajectory analysis show that different objective socioeconomic status indicators have different effects on the baseline value and rate of growth in subjective social status, which suggests that the trajectories of subjective social status are influenced by multiple determinants in China. While education, income and political capital reduce the gaps between the classes in subjective social status over time, wealth and employment status enlarge these gaps and thus enhance subjective social inequality. This article highlights the gradient effect that wealth has on the dynamics of subjective social status and helps us to better understand subjective social stratification in contemporary China.

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Langlois, Stephanie, Adria Zern, Simone Anderson, Oluwatoyin Ashekun, Samantha Ellis, JaShala Graves, and Michael T. Compton. "Subjective social status, objective social status, and substance use among individuals with serious mental illnesses." Psychiatry Research 293 (November 2020): 113352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113352.

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Cangır, Hakan. "Objective and subjective collocational frequency." Pedagogical Linguistics 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 64–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pl.20014.can.

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Abstract Research states that when deciding what target lexical items to focus in their syllabi, textbook designers tend to use their intuition and establish their framework for vocabulary teaching accordingly rather than using a systematic method. With the advent of computational methods for language analysis, contemporary EFL publishers also claim they have begun to design corpus-informed textbooks reflecting actual language use in their products as evidenced in a representative corpus. In an attempt to offer a more rational method to form corpus-oriented and pedagogically convenient target vocabulary lists, the present study, exploiting different association measures in a representative corpus, seeks to detect the collocational strength of 50 target word combinations presented in the two EFL textbooks as an initial step. Additionally, inspired by Ellis et al.’s (2008) research, the current study aims to investigate if/to what extent the association measures indicating collocational strength correlate with EFL instructors’ intuitions regarding collocational frequency. The results indicate that EFL instructors’ collocational frequency intuitions correlate strongly with an objective collocational frequency measure (t-score). The findings are likely to guide decision makers in tertiary level schools in constructing their vocabulary syllabi and designing materials for teaching collocations in particular.

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Kriston, Pálma, Bettina Pikó, and Eszter Kovács. "Mental health of youth in light of objective and subjective social status." Társadalomkutatás 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/tarskut.32.2014.2.1.

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McNally, B. B., and E. J. Carey. "Objective Versus Subjective Assessment of Functional Status in Candidates for Liver Transplantation." Transplantation Proceedings 50, no. 10 (December 2018): 3508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.06.020.

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Wang, Ruojing, Qiushi Feng, Matthew E. Dupre, Aimei Guo, Li Qiu, Lisha Hao, Yuan Zhao, and Danan Gu. "Objective and subjective financial status and mortality among older adults in China." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 81 (March 2019): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.006.

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Baron-Epel, Orna, and Giora Kaplan. "Can subjective and objective socioeconomic status explain minority health disparities in Israel?" Social Science & Medicine 69, no. 10 (November 2009): 1460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.028.

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Shamionov, R. M. "The relationship of envy and characteristics of objective and subjective economic well-being." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 12, no. 2 (2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2019120207.

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The relationship between envy and the characteristics of economic well-being of the individual is an important basis for the social behavior it implements. The article studies the relationship between the envy of the individual and the characteristics of the objective and subjective economic status. The study involved 196 people (44% of men) aged M=28.6; SD=8.5. The technique used for the diagnosis of envy personality and subject areas of envy (T.V. Beskova), subjective economic well-being (V.A. Khashchenko), the scale of economic status (A.L. Zhuravlev and A.B. Kupreychenko). It is shown that the relationship of income with envy is limited to several areas — health, recreation, material wealth, professional success (negative). The lack of financial resources and the severity of negative emotional States in connection with financial and material problems are associated with envy of a large number of objects of possession of Others. As a result of structural modeling it is established that satisfaction of material needs is a mediator of connection of envy and economic anxiety and financial deprivation.

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Sasaki, Yuri, Yugo Shobugawa, Ikuma Nozaki, Daisuke Takagi, Yuiko Nagamine, Masafumi Funato, Yuki Chihara, et al. "Association between depressive symptoms and objective/subjective socioeconomic status among older adults of two regions in Myanmar." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245489.

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Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98–5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08–4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69–8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.

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Ruggeri, Mirella, Michela Nosè, Chiara Bonetto, Doriana Cristofalo, Antonio Lasalvia, Giovanni Salvi, Benedetta Stefani, Francesca Malchiodi, and Michele Tansella. "Changes and predictors of change in objective and subjective quality of life." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 2 (August 2005): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.2.121.

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BackgroundThere is little knowledge of the predictors of objective and subjective quality of life.AimsTo describe changes at 2 and 6 years in objective and subjective quality of life in 261 individuals attending a community mental health service and to identify predictors of change in each life domain.MethodProspective study of demographic, diagnostic and service utilisation characteristics, psychopathology, functioning, disability, self-esteem, affect balance and service satisfaction.ResultsFemale gender, unmarried status, older age, less education and greater disability predicted a worsening of objective quality of life over time, but explain a small amount of variance. The variance in subjective quality of life was higher (>40%). Greater clinician-rated anxiety and depressive symptoms had a negative effect on satisfaction with health and general well-being. Psychological status, self-esteem and satisfaction with service were the most important predictors in almost all subjective domains; these variables should be important targets for treatment.ConclusionsThis study is the first to provide information to enable clinicians to make prognostic judgements about quality of life and plan effective therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life.

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Sasaki, Yuri, Yugo Shobugawa, Ikuma Nozaki, Daisuke Takagi, Yuiko Nagamine, Masafumi Funato, Yuki Chihara, et al. "Association between Happiness and Economic Status among Older Adults in Two Myanmar Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063216.

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Few studies have examined whether objective or subjective economic status (ES) has a greater association with the happiness of older adults, despite concerns regarding the growing economic cost of morbidity and their functional dependence in developing countries with aging populations. Thus, this study examined whether objective/subjective ES was associated with happiness in older adults in two Myanmar regions. A multistage random sampling procedure and face-to-face interviews were conducted in the urban and rural areas of Myanmar. The happiness of 1200 participants aged >60 years was evaluated using a single happiness score ranging from 0 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy). The wealth index, used as an objective ES, was calculated from 17 household asset items, such as radio, washing machines, and television. Subjective ES was assessed by asking “Which of the following best describes your current financial situation in light of general economic conditions?” Responses ranged from “very difficult” to “very comfortable”. Both low objective and subjective ES were negatively associated with happiness, after adjusting for confounding variables and stratification by region (urban and rural areas). Although objective and subjective ES had similar associations with happiness in urban areas, subjective ES had a stronger association in rural areas.

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Hauer, Klaus, Michael Schwenk, Stefan Englert, Rixt Zijlstra, Sabine Tuerner, and Ilona Dutzi. "Mismatch of Subjective and Objective Risk of Falling in Patients with Dementia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200572.

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Background: Match or mismatch of objective physiological and subjectively perceived fall risk may have serious consequences in patients with dementia (PwD) while research is lacking. Objective: To analyze mismatch of objective and subjective fall risk and associated factors in PwD. Method: Cohort study in a geriatric rehabilitation center. Objective and subjective risk of falling were operationalized by Tinetti’s Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Four sub-groups according to objective and subjective fall risk were classified. Subgroups were compared for differences in clinical, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral variables. Results: In geriatric rehab patients with mild to moderate dementia (n = 173), two-thirds showed a mismatch of subjective versus objective risk of falling, independently associated with previous falls. Underestimation of objective fall risk (37.6%) was determined by lower activity avoidance (OR 0.39), less concerns about falling due to previous falls (OR 0.25), and higher quality of life (OR 1.10), while overestimation (28.9%) was determined by higher rate of support seeking strategies (OR 50.3), activity avoidance (OR 15.2), better executive (OR 21.0) and memory functions (OR 21.5), and lower quality of life (OR.75) in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: The majority of patients showed a mismatch between objective and subjective falls risk. Underestimation as well as overestimation of fall risk was associated with specific profiles based on cognitive- and psychological status, falls and fall-related behavioral consequences which should be included in the comprehensive assessment of fall risk, and planning of individualized fall prevention programs for this population.

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Mansour, Chourouk, Yasmine Ouarezki, Jeremy Huw Jones, Morag Green, Emily Jane Stenhouse, Greg Irwin, Pia Hermanns, Joachim Pohlenz, and Malcolm David Cairns Donaldson. "Determination of thyroid volume in infants with suspected congenital hypothyroidism—the limitations of both subjective and objective evaluation." BJR|Open 2, no. 1 (November 2020): 20200001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20200001.

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Objective: To compare two methods of assessing gland size on thyroid ultrasound in newborn infants with suspected congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Methods: Images from infants with eutopic glands referred between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated blind by two sets of observers. Subjective gland size was categorised as small, borderline-small, normal, borderline-large and large. Objective gland volume, calculated as the sum of each lobe using the prolate ellipsoid formula (length x width x depth x π/6), was put into corresponding categories: <0.8, 0.81–1.0, 1.1– <2.2, 2.2–2.4 and >2.4 ml, derived from normative Scottish data. Results: Of 36 infants, permanent CH was present in 17, transient CH in 17, status uncertain in 2. Mean (SD) intraobserver error for thyroid volume measurement was 0.11 (0.23) ml [8.3%]. Subjective assessment by two observers was discordant in only four (10.8%) infants. However, subjective vs objective evaluation was discordant in 14 (39%). Eight (three permanent, five transient CH) had large glands subjectively but normal glands objectively; and six (four transient CH) had normal glands subjectively but small glands objectively. The former infants all showed a single flattened curve to the anterior thyroid margin, giving an impression of bulkiness. Gland shape was normal in the latter infants. Conclusion: Neither subjective nor objective evaluation predicts permanent vs transient CH. Altered gland shape may confound both methods, and undermine use of the conventional formula for measuring lobe volume. Advances in knowledge: Until more refined methods are available for assessing thyroid size, both subjective and objective evaluation are recommended in CH.

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Kezer, Murat, and Zeynep Cemalcilar. "A Comprehensive Investigation of Associations of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status with Perceived Health and Subjective Well-Being." International Review of Social Psychology 33, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/irsp.364.

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Jacobs, Jeremy, and Jochanan Stessman. "OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE POVERTY AMONG OLDER PEOPLE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HEALTH, FUNCTION, AND MORTALITY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2426.

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Abstract We examined objective and subjective poverty between ages 70-95, comparing and contrasting frequency, associated subsequent medical, functional, psychosocial impairment, and mortality. Data collection by the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study, following a representative community dwelling sample (born 1920-1921), assessed at ages 70, 78, 85, 90, and 95. We defined "objective poverty" as sole income from "national old-age pension" necessitating "supplemental income benefit" from the National Institute for Social Security; "subjective poverty" as "financial difficulty getting through each month". Subjective and objective poverty differed: frequency of objective poverty remained 13% throughout follow-up period, while subjective poverty was more frequent at younger age, decreasing from 24% at ages 70-85, to 14% at ages 90-95. Subjective poverty was significantly associated with depression at all ages (from HR=3.2, CI 95%:1.73-5.93 at age 70, to HR=2.45, CI 95%:1.32-4.54 at age 95), and poor self-rated health (from HR=2.69, CI 95%:1.63-4.46 at age 70, to HR=1.96, CI 95%:1.11-3.43 at age 95), however no consistent associations with objective poverty was observed. Both objective and subjective poverty were associated with low levels of physical activity, impaired functional and cognitive status. Mortality was significantly increased among subjects with subjective poverty at ages 70, 85, and 90 (ranging from HR=1.33, CI 95%: 1.02-1.74 to HR=1.50, CI 95%:1.11-2.03), while objective poverty was significantly associated with increased mortality at ages 78 and 85 (HR=1.43, CI 95%:1.01-2.03, and HR=1.55, CI 95%:1.16-2.07 respectively). In conclusion, subjective and objective poverty differ in their association with health, functional and psychosocial status, and mortality between ages 70-95.

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GERSTEN, OMER, PAOLA S. TIMIRAS, and W. THOMAS BOYCE. "DOES LOWER SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS YIELD RISKIER BIOMARKER PROFILES?" Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 06 (October 7, 2014): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201400042x.

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SummaryBoth objective and, more recently, subjective measures of low social status have been linked to poor health outcomes. It is unclear, however, through which precise physiological mechanisms such standing may influence health, although it has been proposed that those of lower status may have biomarker profiles that are more dysregulated (and hence pose a greater risk for poorer health). The main objective of this study was to investigate whether lower subjective social standing is associated with riskier neuroendocrine biomarker profiles. Data were from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS), a nationally representative survey of Taiwanese men and women (ages 54–91) conducted in Taiwan in 2000. Five neuroendocrine markers (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine) were analysed both separately and collectively in an index termed neuroendocrine allostatic load (NAL) in relation to status – both self-reported and as measured through objective socioeconomic status (SES) indicators. For the biomarker DHEAS, some connection was found between its levels and the measures of status, but for the other markers and the NAL index almost no connection was found. The overall negative finding of this paper would be further supported with more and different measures of neuroendocrine system function and a reordering of the subjective social status questions in the survey such that the one probing about status in the community (that has no prompt) was asked before the one probing about status in all of Taiwan (which has a SES prompt).

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Diržytė, Aistė, and Aleksandras Patapas. "Cognitive and Affective Well-Being Differences in Subjective and Objective Socioeconomic Status Groups." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 8, no. 2 (September 14, 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.02.14.

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Zang, Emma, and Anthony R. Bardo. "Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Their Discrepancy, and Health: Evidence from East Asia." Social Indicators Research 143, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 765–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1991-3.

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Muscatell, Keely A., Ethan McCormick, and Eva H. Telzer. "Subjective social status and neural processing of race in Mexican American adolescents." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (September 7, 2018): 1837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000949.

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AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive period for sociocultural development in which facets of social identity, including social status and race, become especially salient. Despite the heightened importance of both social status and race during this developmental period, no known work has examined how individual differences in social status influence perceptions of race in adolescents. Thus, in the present study, we investigated how both subjective social status and objective socioeconomic status (SES) influence neural responses to race. Twenty-three Mexican American adolescents (15 females; mean age = 17.22 years) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed Black and White faces in a standard labeling task. Adolescents rated their subjective social status in US society, while their parents responded to questions about their educational background, occupation, and economic strain (objective SES). Results demonstrated a negative association between subjective social status and neural responses in the amygdala, fusiform face area, and medial prefrontal cortex when adolescents viewed Black (relative to White) faces. In other words, adolescents with lower subjective social status showed greater activity in neural regions involved in processing salience, perceptual expertise, and thinking about the minds of others when they viewed images of Black faces, suggesting enhanced salience of race for these youth. There was no relationship between objective SES and neural responses to the faces. Moreover, instructing participants to focus on the gender or emotion expression on the face attenuated the relationship between subjective social status and neural processing of race. Together, these results demonstrate that subjective social status shapes the way the brain responds to race, which may have implications for psychopathology.

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Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Stephan Ruhrmann, Heinz Picker, Heinrich Graf Von Reventlow, Bianca Daumann, Anke Brockhaus-Dumke, Joachim Klosterkötter, and Ralf Pukrop. "Relationship between subjective and objective cognitive function in the early and late prodrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, S51 (December 2007): s43—s51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s43.

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BackgroundCognitive disturbances have been demonstrated in individuals with potentially prodromal symptoms in objective–neuropsychological as well as subjective-symptomatic studies. Yet, the relation between subjective and objective deficits and to different prodromal states is unclearAimsTo explore interactions between subjective and objective cognitive measures in different prodromal statesMethodIn participants with an early (n=33) or late (n=69) initial prodromal state, cognitive subjective and objective deficits were assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument and a comprehensive neuropsychological test batteryResultsParticipants with an early initial prodromal state were less impaired than those with a late initial state. Subjective and objective cognitive deficits were unrelated, excepttime-limited neurocognitive speed measures and subjectively reduced stress tolerance, especially in participants with an early initial prodromal stateConclusionsSubjective and objective cognitive deficits are generally unrelated in the psychosis prodrome and as such they can add complementary information valuable for prediction. However, possible associations between the two levels might be better detectable in the less impaired early initial prodromal state

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Thielmann, Beatrice, Robin Sebastian Schierholz, and Irina Böckelmann. "Subjective and Objective Consequences of Stress in Subjects with Subjectively Different Sleep Quality—A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199990.

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Background: Restful sleep plays an important role in long-term health and occupational safety. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as stress indicator. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRV at rest or during sleep, as an objective indicator of stress, reflects subjectively assessed sleep quality. Methods: 84 subjects (37.3 ± 15.6 years) were classified into good sleepers and poor sleepers based on the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The cut-off value to distinguish between good and bad sleepers recommended by Buysse et al. 1989 is >5. Mental health status was determined using the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A 24 h electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for HRV analysis (total and 6 h night phase). Results: The poor sleepers showed a significantly lower mental health status (p = 0.004). The multifactorial variance analysis of the total phase time parameters Min HR (p = 0.032, η2 = 0.056) and SI (p = 0.015, η2 = 0.072) showed significant interaction effects. In the 6h night phase, significant interaction effects were found for SDNN (p = 0.036, η2 = 0.065) and SD2 (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.067). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between HRV and stress and a positive correlation between HRV and mental health. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between sleep quality and HRV, it was shown that there are important connections between sleep quality and mental health, and between HRV and mental health.

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Gong, Fang, Jun Xu, and David T. Takeuchi. "Beyond conventional socioeconomic status: examining subjective and objective social status with self-reported health among Asian immigrants." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9367-z.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Objective and Subjective Status'

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