Academic literature on the topic 'Object relations theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Object relations theory"
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ALPERT, JAMES. "Object Relations Theory." American Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 7 (July 1990): 961—a—962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.7.961-a.
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Gertrude and Rubin Blanck. "Developmental object relations theory." Clinical Social Work Journal 15, no. 4 (1987): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00752967.
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Nicholson, Barbara. "Object Relations Theory Revisited:." Journal of Independent Social Work 2, no. 3 (July 14, 1988): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j283v02n03_04.
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Ingram, Douglas H., and Joyce A. Lerner. "Horney theory: An object relations theory." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 52, no. 1 (March 1992): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01253441.
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Buchele, Bonnie J., and J. Scott Rutan. "An Object Relations Theory Perspective." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 67, sup1 (January 27, 2017): S36—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1238748.
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Christopher, John Chambers, Mark H. Bickhard, and Gregory Scott Lambeth. "Otto Kernberg's Object Relations Theory." Theory & Psychology 11, no. 5 (October 2001): 687–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354301115006.
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WINER, JEROME A. "Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory." American Journal of Psychiatry 142, no. 2 (February 1985): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.2.256.
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Felski, R. "Object Relations." Contemporary Women's Writing 1, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2007): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpm006.
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Levin, G. D. "Classical theory of analysis and synthesis." Philosophy of Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-25-2-103-115.
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The article explores the classical understanding of analysis as the mental decomposition of the studied object into components and synthesis as the mental combination of these components into a whole. The naive understanding of analysis as the mental decomposition of anything into any parts is criticized. It is opposed by the assertion that at the analytical stage of the study of an object we gain the knowledge about its components, and at the synthetic stage we gain the knowledge about those relationships that combine these components into a whole object. A generalized understanding of synthesis as a knowledge of relations between any objects and analysis as a knowledge of the carriers of these relations is introduced. Based on the material of the history of the study of value relations – Wertverhältnis – the epistemological mechanism of a holistic analytical and synthetic research is investigated. The relation of the classical theory of analysis and synthesis to nonclassical is clarified.
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Todorovic, Milorad. "Clinical review of object relations theory." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 44, no. 2 (2014): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp44-5940.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Object relations theory"
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China, Jaques Lefebvre. "Attachment and object relations theory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336335.
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Rasile, Karen D. "Object Relations Theory and Personal Construct Theory: Rapprochement Opportunity." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500772/.
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Empirical investigation of the tenets of Object Relations Theory is recent. This study of the theoretical convergence between Object Relations Theory and Personal Construct Theory brought a new direction to the empirical investigation. It was hypothesized that individuals who displayed a well developed level of object relations, as measured by Object Relations Theory, would also display a highly adaptive blend of cognitive complexity and ordination, as described by Personal Construct Theory, and vice versa. A correlational analysis of personality measures on 136 college students approached but did not attain statistical significance. Results indicated no significant theoretical convergence between Object Relations Theory and Personal Construct Theory. Further research is warranted only if greater variability in sample age, life experience, and psychopathology is assured.
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Welch, Elizabeth Katherine. "The use of object relations theory in clinical social work practice : a case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14973.
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Includes bibliographical references.The purpose of this study was to explore the value of a particular theoretical framework in terms of several issues relating to clinical social work practice. The selected theoretical framework was that of Object Relations theory, specifically the works of Melanie Klein and Margaret Mahler. The method of inquiry was that of a single case study. The investigation centred around the theories' usefulness in clinical social work practice regarding: assessment, particularly in terms of the development of insight into and understanding of human psychological development, and guiding practice and informing intervention. The selected theoretical framework was also evaluated according to: its sufficiency, in and of itself, and the extent to which its utilization facilitates avoidance of stereotyping and pathologizing. The study was undertaken in a psychiatric unit, run according to the principles of a therapeutic milieu, in a local hospital. The subject of the study had been admitted to the unit after a parasuicide attempt. He manifested many of the affects and behaviours associated with Borderline Personality Disorder, and was a transsexual who had undergone reassignment surgery. Ongoing assessment and intervention were undertaken in the residential unit on an individual basis and in group activities. Reference to literature, the writings of Klein and Mahler in particular, was a crucial and essential aspect of the study. The selected theoretical framework was found to be of great value in terms of the development of insight into and understanding of human psychological development, which in turn aided the assessment process. Whilst neither Klein nor Mahler wrote extensively or specifically of intervention, a model compatible with their opinions was identified in the literature and effectively used for this purpose. The approach used, both from a theoretical and a practical standpoint, encouraged expression and maintenance of individual uniqueness. The study highlighted the importance of a sound theoretical knowledge base underpinning clinical practice, particularly when practitioners are challenged by difficult cases. In addition, the need for practitioners to assume responsibility for continued dynamic learning, and the significant role of supervision were apparent. Further avenues for study and research were also identified.
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Michaelis, Stephen Henry. "A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2939.
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This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior becomes part of the child's developing ego organization during the first three years of life as the result of deviant or distorted emotional development. These disturbances interfere with the normal internalizing processes of the separation individuation phases, including the development of psychological mechanisms.
To accomplish the purpose of the study, the thesis generally classifies object relations theory within the parameters of developmental psychopathology and specifically classifies it as a component of contemporary psychodynamic theory. Then follows an exposition of the separation individuation process and attendant development of psychological mechanisms in normal and disturbed development. This section concludes by identifying the normally developing child around thirty-six months of age as possessing the capacity to unite disparate self and object images into a single, whole person for appropriate self comfort, self-image formation, and self-esteem regulation through having received primarily gratifying interactions with caregivers. The child with disturbed development lacks this capacity because of the internalization of primarily negative object-images through primarily negative interactions with caregivers. The child lacks trust in itself and in others, tends to perceive itself and others as all-good or all-bad, and experiences hostility and depression.
A definition of latency and a description of this developmental stage follows. Cognitive development marked by secondary thought processes and reliance upon dynamic psychological mechanisms--ego defenses--to sustain a behavioral and emotional equilibrium, rather than a diminution of drives, permit latency to become established. As part of the structure of latency, fantasy serves a defensive and adaptive function by providing an outlet for drive expression and for mastery of situations intrapsychically. Children with disturbances in ego organization have a less established structure of latency than do normal children, that is, they rely to a greater extent on psychological mechanisms characteristic of the separation-individuation phases.
A review of empirical and clinical research of suicidal children encompasses family environment; loss, depression, and hopelessness; cognitive functioning; and defense mechanisms. Suicidal children live in stressful, chaotic families with confused role relationships. Findings regarding the relationships among loss, depression, and hopelessness appear mixed although integrally related. Suicidal children conceive of impersonal death as final while construing personal death as reversible as a defensive maneuver. Suicidal fantasies constitute the precursors to suicidal planning and actions. Suicidal children show impaired ability to devise active coping strategies. They seem to rely excessively on ego defenses considered developmentally appropriate in early stages of development, such as introjection.
A synthesis of theoretical formulations and research findings sets forth the developmental sequence culminating in suicidal behavior. The model depicts a child's developing ego organization predisposed to depression, hostility, and low self-esteem caused by the internalization of a predominance of negative self- and object-images. It portrays susceptibility to suicidal behavior through the incapacity to exercise self-protection under stressful situations because of a reliance upon maladaptive ego defenses. Fantasies to relieve psychic pain as part of latency defenses transform into fantasies of suicide; these presage and allow for planning and, given the failure of ego defenses, suicidal behavior results.
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Greenhalgh, Kenneth. "On reading narcissistic texts : an object relations theory view of the life and works of Soren Kierkegaard." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1057.
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This thesis is concerned with the psychoanalytical concept of narcissism, and the effect that texts written by narcissistic writers have upon their readers. I use Søren Kierkegaard as an example of a narcissistic writer who produced narcissistic texts. In order to follow through the logic of the thesis, it is necessary to explain first the Freudian idea of narcissism, and then narcissism as considered by one post-Freudian school called Object Relations theory. It is also necessary, second, to summarise a psychoanalytic model of what happens when we read any kind of text. The methodology of this thesis is usually called psychobiography, the systematic application of psychodynamic principles to the study of a life, and so, third, both the principles and some of the issues of this methodology are presented. Having established an operational definition of narcissism, the thesis looks first at Kierkegaard’s life, identifying a series of key events or stages that can be re-interpreted on the assumption that Kierkegaard was narcissistic. Three of his key texts are considered next - Fear and Trembling, Works of Love and The Sickness Unto Death. Each of these can be interpreted to show how his narcissism influenced his writing. Two substantial appendices are included. The first is a comment upon the relationship between God and psychoanalysis, presented primarily to introduce the ideas of Donald Winnicott. The second is on the concept of psychopathology, a difficult topic, since it is at once both heavily value laden, but is also persistent in any analysis of psychological difference. In conclusion I refer to several key Kierkegaardian themes, emphasising their narcissistic origins, and ask the reader to reflect upon their own responses to these issues, to consider how Kierkegaard’s narcissism influences their own emotions, and how these in turn affect any cognitive understanding of Søren Kierkegaard.
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Wier, Stewart Scott. "Object relations middle group and attachment theory : gender development, spousal abuse and qualitative research on youth crime." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14759/.
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The basis to Freud's view that men and women are essentially separate entities with their own unique psychological construction and human potential which arises from their anatomical differences, will be challenged from the paradigm of object relations theory and related research from attachment theory. It will be argued that while a substantive understanding of gender development and the related issue of spousal abuse are influenced by such important factors as patriarchal domination, social oppression, socialized roles, and economic inequality between the sexes, these forces are considered to have a secondary psychological effect when compared with the formative influence of early object relations. The object relational paradigm to be outlined is that it is the distinctive emotional impact of the contents and attitudes that occur between the members of each family that establish the blueprints for subsequent feelings about oneself and others, from which particular relational patterns with others are pursued and acted upon within the larger social structure. Freud may be credited for his recognition and pioneering systematic investigation into the central importance of the unconscious in the development and functioning of human beings. Beyond this being a theoretical entity that is devoid of any scientific rigour which cannot be tested, proven, and therefore accepted as a legitimate therapeutic modality, information will be offered that suggests otherwise. Spousal relationships in which abuse constitutes a chronic pattern of interaction between the persons involved is understood to occur within contemporary North American society as a collusive arrangement between two emotionally impaired individuals. The argument will be made that they enter into an unconscious dialogue wherein each perpetrates and perpetuates the hopes and disappointments of their own and their partner's past intrapsychic relational experiences. Incarceration alone does not serve the emotional needs of young offenders, but instead, generally provides conditions which advance what is accepted, within this paper, to be a frequently disturbed psychic structure. The emphasis within the Canadian correctional system seems to emphasize incarceration over rehabilitation with the expectation that punishing those who break the law will result in an abstention from such acts in the future. The argument will be presented that in addition to ensuring public safety through imprisonment for some, there is mounting evidence which demonstrates the success of treatment programmes both within and outside of correctional institutions for those who break the law, and whose primary emphasis is on treatment and rehabilitation rather than detention and retribution. Contrary to therapeutic intervention being carried out as an adjunct to existing penal institutions, or that it be directed principally at the conscious acquisition of skills and information, it is proposed that such efforts are best administered within 2 comprehensive therapeutic environments. Further, it will be argued that rather than the previous and current emphasis which is directed primarily at a cognitive and behavioural level of the offender, it is the emotional foundation of the individual which has a direct influence on their long-term behaviour. Therefore, this aspect should constitute a fundamental component of the treatment program for the forensic patient for which psychoanalytic psychotherapy may play an important role.
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Cookman, Craig Alan. "Attachment structures of older adults: Theory development using a mixed qualitative-quantitative research design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185906.
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This study used a mixed qualitative-quantitative design to describe attachment in a sample of one-hundred fifty-four healthy community-living older adults. Life-span development and attachment theory combined to define the philosophical and theoretical orientation that guided the investigation. The idea of an "attachment structure" was conceptualized by the investigator to frame attachment--an approach that allowed attachment to involve multiple attachment objects from any or all of six different attachment object types (things, ideas, people, groups of people, animals, or places). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the attachment structure as it presented in, and developed in later life. In phase one of the study, 154 older adults were administered a questionnaire designed to elicit descriptive information about the newly conceptualized "attachment structure". This information was used to guide theoretical sampling in the qualitative, second phase. In phase two, a grounded theory methodology was used to explore the developmental changes that occurred in attachment structures in later life. Sixteen subjects from phase one were selected, based on their responses to the quantitative phase, as those subjects most likely to advance the theory developing focus of this study. Analysis supported the attachment structure as a meaningful representation of socio-emotional development in later life. The existence of multiple attachment objects of multiple object types was supported by both quantitative and qualitative data. Significantly, in addition to close family and friends, subjects reported attachments to ideas like independence and freedom. A grounded process called "reconfiguring" was identified from qualitative analysis that described how older people make changes in their attachment structures to maintain a sense of security in the face of diminishing contact with attachment objects. Two pathways, the structural stimulation pathway and the reconfiguring pathway, describe the dynamics of the attachment structure. The reconfiguring pathway was identified as a developmental resource of aging--a process available to older people to address developmental challenges in aging that affect one's quality and quantity of interaction with attachment objects.
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Scarborough, Janet. "Predicting life satisfaction from psychoanalytic personality theory : an examination of ego integration, quality of object relations, and attachment style /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008436.
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Junqueira, Camila. "Rumo à \'metapsicologia dos limites\': o diálogo possível entre a teoria pulsional e a teoria das relações de objeto e algumas de suas consequências - Freud, Winnicott e Green." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-16042010-113841/.
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Este trabalho fundamenta-se na compreensão da metapsicologia dos limites como parte da teoria psicanalítica que visa compreender a estruturação e o funcionamento dos limites do psiquismo, bem como parte da teoria psicanalítica que se destina a compreender a etiologia, o funcionamento e o tratamento das patologias-limite, manifestações decorrentes de falhas na constituição e no funcionamento dos limites do psiquismo. Tem como hipótese de pesquisa que o giro metapsicológico exigido pelos estados-limite se coloca menos no sentido de ampliar a diversidade de modelos teóricos e mais no sentido de fazer dialogar dois modelos teóricos que estão na base do pensamento psicanalítico, mas que foram historicamente separados e considerados incompatíveis, a saber: o modelo pulsional e o modelo das relações objetais. Os objetivos deste trabalho são os de (1) questionar os limites da oposição entre a teoria pulsional de Freud e a teoria relacional de Winnicott, (2) apresentar a alternativa que André Green propõe para essa aparente oposição, argumentando a favor da concepção de pulsão e objeto como um par inseparável, bem como (3) apresentar e discutir algumas consequências metapsicológicas do diálogo possível entre essas duas teorias a partir do estudo de Freud e de Winnicott, dando também destaque para as contribuições de André Green para esse diálogo a fim de verificar se a hipótese explicitada acima se sustenta. A presença do objeto na teoria freudiana e a presença do instinto na teoria winnicottiana num segundo momento do desenvolvimento emocional denotam certa abertura nessas teorias para o diálogo entre elas. A forte oposição entre essas teorias apontada pela literatura psicanalítica parece ser fruto de um momento histórico. Contudo, conclui-se também que o diálogo entre essas teorias deve ser realizado dentro de certos limites que contemplem a constatação que Freud e Winnicott se dedicaram ao estudo de dois níveis diferentes de apreensão do Self, que estão relacionados, mas não se sobrepõem. André Green, a princípio, desconsidera o limite desse diálogo a partir da argumentação de que a pulsão e o objeto formam um par inseparável, o que torna inadmissível uma teoria que se organize apenas em um desses pólos, promovendo, com isso, uma releitura de Freud e Winnicott e produzindo importantes avanços para a metapsicologia dos limites. Entretanto, mais recentemente, Green apresenta o que denomina de teoria dos gradientes, que corrobora com a constatação de que há limites nesse diálogo. O exame das consequências desse diálogo produziu algumas propostas, entre elas: uma nova reorganização da tópica psíquica a fim de incluir o não-psíquico, produto da desobjetalização e da clivagem, também denominado de terceira tópica; a compreensão das patologias-limite como um tipo específico de neurose narcísica; e o pensamento metapsicológico como auxílio ao analista aos desafios clínicos propostos por esses casos. Por fim, o exame realizado nesta tese demonstra que o giro metapsicológico exigido por essas patologias está na direção do diálogo entre a teoria pulsional e a teoria das relações de objeto, confirmando a hipótese inicial desta pesquisaUnderstanding the metapsychology of limits as a part of the psychoanalytic theory which aim to understand the framing and the functioning of the psychic limits as well as a part of the psychoanalytic theory which aim to understand the etiology, the functioning and the treatment of the borderline cases, manifestations which occur due to failures at the constitutioning and functioning of the psychic limits. And departing of the hypothesis that the metapsychologycal turn demanded by the borderline states is less in the sense of amplify the diversity of metapsychological models and much more in the sense of set in dialogue two theoretical models which are in the base of the psychoanalytic thought, but which were historically split off and considered incompatible: the drive theory and the object relation theory. The aims of this research were (1) to question the limits of the opposition between Freuds drive theory and Winnicotts object relation theory, (2) to present the solution Andre Green propose to this apparent opposition, arguing in favor of the conception of drive and instinct as an inseparable pair, (3) to present and to discuss some of the metapsychological consequences of the possible dialogue between these two theories since study of Freuds and Winnicotts theories, also giving emphasis to the Greens contributions to this dialogue, in order to verify if the hypothesis describe above can be maintained. The presence of object in Freuds theory and the presence of instinct in Winnicotts theory in a second moment of the emotional development denote some overture on theses theories for dialogue. The strong opposition between then, pointed by the psychoanalytic literature, seems to be result of a historical moment. Nevertheless, it follows that the dialogue between these two theories must be done inside certain limits which regard the evidence that Freuds and Winnicotts studies concerned two different levels of apprehension of the Self, which are related, but not superpose each other. Andre Green, at first, disrespect the limits of this dialogue arguing in favor that drive and instinct constitute an inseparable pair, which turns unacceptable one theory which is organized upon one of these two poles, promoting then a re-reading of Freuds and Winnicotts theories and producing important advances for the metapsychology of limits. Meanwhile, more recently, Green brings up what he calls the gradients theory, which corroborate with the evidence that there are limits in this dialogue. The examination of the consequences of this dialogue have produced some proposals, among them: a new reorganization of the psychic topic in order to include the no-psychic, product of the desobjatalization and splitting process, also named third topic; the understanding of borderline pathologies as a specific type of narcissistic neurosis; and also the metapsychological thought as a help to the analyst in front of the clinical challenges proposed by these cases. Finally, the exam accomplished on this research give evidence that the metapsychological turn demanded the borderline states is towards a dialogue between drive theory and object relational theory, confirming the initial hypothesis of this research
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Stenlöv, Camilla. "Beloved as a Good Object : A Kleinian Reading of Toni Morrison's Beloved." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17673.
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The text of Beloved will be analyzed with a Kleinian and Freudian approach in order to show how the characters see each other as good or bad objects. This essay begins with an explanation of terms and a short presentation of psychoanalysis and object relations theory. Thereafter, each main character and their relation to Beloved will be examined and discussed as well as their relation to each other.
Books on the topic "Object relations theory"
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M, Masling Joseph, and Bornstein Robert F, eds. Empirical perspectives on object relations theory. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1994.
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Masling, Joseph M., and Robert F. Bornstein, eds. Empirical perspectives on object relations theory. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11100-000.
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1941-, Scharff David E., ed. Object relations theory and practice: An introduction. Northvale, N.J: J. Aronson, 1996.
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Mark, Finn, and Gartner John 1958-, eds. Object relations theory and religion: Clinical applications. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1992.
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Gertrude, Blanck, ed. Beyond ego psychology: Developmental object relations theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
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Summers, Frank. Object relations theory and psychopathology: A comprehensive text. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1994.
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Brodie, Bruce R. Adolescence and delinquency: An object relations theory approach. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson, 2007.
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Adolescence and delinquency: An object relations theory approach. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007.
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Celani, David P. Fairbairn's object relations theory in the clinical setting. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
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Self and others: Object relations theory in practice. Northvale, N.J: Aronson, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Object relations theory"
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Summers, Frank. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 3282–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1404.
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Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1630–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_468.
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Posner, Deborah. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1030–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2006.
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Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1234–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_468.
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Summers, Frank. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1404-1.
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Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin, Michael Conforti, Paul Larson, Robert Quackenbush, James Markel Furniss, Fredrica R. Halligan, Fredrica R. Halligan, et al. "Object Relations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 633–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71802-6_468.
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Frosh, Stephen. "The principles of object relations theory." In A Brief Introduction to Psychoanalytic Theory, 128–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-37177-4_12.
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Gonzalez-Dolginko, Beth. "Object Relations and Art Therapy." In Applying Developmental Art Theory in Art Therapy Treatment and Interventions, 7–17. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003015611-2.
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Call, Josep. "Understanding Apes to Understand Humans: The Case of Object-Object Relations." In Towards a Theory of Thinking, 215–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03129-8_15.
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Mitchell, Alison Smith. "Object Relations Theory: The Case of Elyse." In Discovering Theory in Clinical Practice, 27–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57310-2_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Object relations theory"
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"UNDERSTANDING OBJECT RELATIONS IN TRAFFIC SCENES." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002832603890395.
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Clément, Michaël, Mickaël Garnier, Camille Kurtz, and Laurent Wendling. "Color Object Recognition based on Spatial Relations between Image Layers." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005291304270434.
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Widynski, Nicolas, Severine Dubuisson, and Isabelle Bloch. "Particle filtering with fuzzy spatial relations for object tracking." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2010.5586806.
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Yujing, Guo. "Research on Relations between Experiences and Object a Basic Theory of Musical Aesthetics." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Social Science (ICEMSS 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emss-14.2014.6.
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Arieli, Ofer, Kees van Berkel, and Christian Straßer. "Annotated Sequent Calculi for Paraconsistent Reasoning and Their Relations to Logical Argumentation." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/351.
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We introduce annotated sequent calculi, which are extensions of standard sequent calculi, where sequents are combined with annotations that represent their derivation statuses. Unlike in ordinary calculi, sequents that are derived in annotated calculi may still be retracted in the presence of conflicting sequents, thus inferences are made under stricter conditions. Conflicts in the resulting systems are handled like in adaptive logics and argumentation theory. The outcome is a robust family of proof systems for non-monotonic reasoning with inconsistent information, where revision considerations are fully integrated into the object level of the proofs. These systems are shown to be strongly connected to logical argumentation.
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Blazheva, Violeta. "FOR LAND RESOURCES AND THEIR DETERMINATION AND RECOGNITION." In SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT - CURRENT PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS 2019. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/slm2019.18.
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In the theory and the practice the concept of land resources is identified with land as a resource for production. After a research, it becomes clear that its nature has not been clarified, incl. and in the regulatory framework. Questions area is for the object, the relations, the laws, the factors and other. There is a difference between the concepts of land and dry land.
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Cheng, I., C. H. Liu, and Yin-Tien Wang. "Contact Force Analysis in Static Two-Fingered Robot Grasping." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12160.
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Static grasping of a spherical object by two robot fingers is studied in this paper. The fingers may be rigid bodies or elastic beams, they may grasp the body with various orientation angles, and the tightening displacements may be linear or angular. Closed-form solutions for normal and tangential contact forces due to tightening displacements are obtained by solving compatibility equations, force-displacement relations based on Hertz contact theory, and equations of equilibrium. Solutions show that relations between contact forces and tightening displacements depend upon the orientation of the fingers, the elastic constants of the materials, and area moments of inertia of the beams.
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Carvalho, Wilka, Anthony Liang, Kimin Lee, Sungryull Sohn, Honglak Lee, Richard Lewis, and Satinder Singh. "Reinforcement Learning for Sparse-Reward Object-Interaction Tasks in a First-person Simulated 3D Environment." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/306.
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Learning how to execute complex tasks involving multiple objects in a 3D world is challenging when there is no ground-truth information about the objects or any demonstration to learn from. When an agent only receives a signal from task-completion, this makes it challenging to learn the object-representations which support learning the correct object-interactions needed to complete the task. In this work, we formulate learning an attentive object dynamics model as a classification problem, using random object-images to define incorrect labels for our object-dynamics model. We show empirically that this enables object-representation learning that captures an object's category (is it a toaster?), its properties (is it on?), and object-relations (is something inside of it?). With this, our core learner (a relational RL agent) receives the dense training signal it needs to rapidly learn object-interaction tasks. We demonstrate results in the 3D AI2Thor simulated kitchen environment with a range of challenging food preparation tasks. We compare our method's performance to several related approaches and against the performance of an oracle: an agent that is supplied with ground-truth information about objects in the scene. We find that our agent achieves performance closest to the oracle in terms of both learning speed and maximum success rate.
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Zhang, Binbin, and Rahul Rai. "Materials Follow Form and Function: Probabilistic Factor Graph Approach for Automatic Material Assignments to 3D Objects." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34064.
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There are strong co-relations between material assignment, shape, and functionality of a part in overall product/assembly. However, these strong co-relations are rarely exploited for automated material assignment. We present a probabilistic graphical model-based approach to automatically assign materials to the parts (components) of a 3D object (assembly). The presented model performs material assignment by identifying the relations between shape, functionality, and materials of parts in the existing database objects. By learning the context dependent correlation without supervision from a set of objects and their segmented parts, the learned model can be used to assign proper real materials to the parts of a query object. Our primary contributions are: a) the real materials definition and assignment and b) assigning materials based on the functionality and form of the parts in the object. The performance of proposed computational approach is demonstrated by results of material assignment on various query objects without pre-specified material definitions.
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Wang, Eric, and Yong Se Kim. "Object Ontology With Justification Graphs for Form-Function Reasoning." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50016.
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We present an ontology of objects, relations among objects, and generic shape representation that supports form-function reasoning. By reasoning from the generic functions of objects to their geometric shape requirements, we deduce the generic shape representation of everyday objects. This is a complex kind of reasoning that combines diverse knowledge sources and principles. We model the results of this reasoning process as a justification graph of individual reasoning steps, which explicitly links the attributes of objects and their relations to the corresponding geometric shape elements. This object ontology uses OWL Full metamodeling techniques to achieve the necessary level of expressiveness while maintaining a generic representation. We give an example for the Table class, showing its decomposition into functions, features, and relations, and its form-function reasoning process.
Reports on the topic "Object relations theory"
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Michaelis, Stephen. A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2934.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.
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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.
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Story, Madison, and Adam Smith. Fort Hunter Liggett : a history and analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46340.
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The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires Federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires Federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of Federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort Hunter Liggett is located on California’s Central Coast within Monterey County. The fort has been used as a training facility for large-scale maneuvers and live-fire exercises since its establishment as a US Army training facility in 1941. The periods of significance for Criterion A are: from 1769 to 1833, relating to the founding and development of Mission San Antonio de Padua; from 1834 to 1923, relating to Euro-American land grants and ranchos; from 1923 to 1940, relating to Hearst’s purchase of the property and subsequent development; from 1940 to 1945, relating to the establishment of the Hunter Liggett Military Reservation (HLMR) and activities related to WWII; from 1959 to 1970, relating to the establishment and buildup of CDEC; and from 1975 to 1980, relating to HLMR’s redesignation as Fort Hunter Liggett and associated development. This report provides a comprehensive historic context for ranges, features, and buildings at Fort Hunter Liggett in support of Section 110 of the NHPA.
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Horrocks, Ian, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. A Description Logic with Transitive and Converse Roles, Role Hierarchies and Qualifying Number Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.94.
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As widely argued [HG97; Sat96], transitive roles play an important role in the adequate representation of aggregated objects: they allow these objects to be described by referring to their parts without specifying a level of decomposition. In [HG97], the Description Logic (DL) ALCHR+ is presented, which extends ALC with transitive roles and a role hierarchy. It is argued in [Sat98] that ALCHR+ is well-suited to the representation of aggregated objects in applications that require various part-whole relations to be distinguished, some of which are transitive. However, ALCHR+ allows neither the description of parts by means of the whole to which they belong, or vice versa. To overcome this limitation, we present the DL SHI which allows the use of, for example, has part as well as is part of. To achieve this, ALCHR+ was extended with inverse roles. It could be argued that, instead of defining yet another DL, one could make use of the results presented in [DL96] and use ALC extended with role expressions which include transitive closure and inverse operators. The reason for not proceeding like this is the fact that transitive roles can be implemented more efficiently than the transitive closure of roles (see [HG97]), although they lead to the same complexity class (ExpTime-hard) when added, together with role hierarchies, to ALC. Furthermore, it is still an open question whether the transitive closure of roles together with inverse roles necessitates the use of the cut rule [DM98], and this rule leads to an algorithm with very bad behaviour. We will present an algorithm for SHI without such a rule. Furthermore, we enrich the language with functional restrictions and, finally, with qualifying number restrictions. We give sound and complete decision proceduresfor the resulting logics that are derived from the initial algorithm for SHI. The structure of this report is as follows: In Section 2, we introduce the DL SI and present a tableaux algorithm for satisfiability (and subsumption) of SI-concepts—in another report [HST98] we prove that this algorithm can be refined to run in polynomial space. In Section 3 we add role hierarchies to SI and show how the algorithm can be modified to handle this extension appropriately. Please note that this logic, namely SHI, allows for the internalisation of general concept inclusion axioms, one of the most general form of terminological axioms. In Section 4 we augment SHI with functional restrictions and, using the so-called pairwise-blocking technique, the algorithm can be adapted to this extension as well. Finally, in Section 5, we show that standard techniques for handling qualifying number restrictions [HB91;BBH96] together with the techniques described in previous sections can be used to decide satisfiability and subsumption for SHIQ, namely ALC extended with transitive and inverse roles, role hierarchies, and qualifying number restrictions. Although Section 5 heavily depends on the previous sections, we have made it self-contained, i.e. it contains all necessary definitions and proofs from scratch, for a better readability. Building on the previous sections, Section 6 presents an algorithm that decides the satisfiability of SHIQ-ABoxes.
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Kokurina, O. Yu. VIABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF THE MODERN STATE: PATTERNS OF PUBLIC-LEGAL ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION. Kokurina O.Yu., February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/kokurina-21-011-31155.
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The modern understanding of the state as a complex social system allows us to assert that its resilience is based on ensuring systemic homeostasis as a stabilizing dynamic mechanism for resolving contradictions arising in society associated with the threat of losing control over the processes of public administration and legal regulation. Public administration is a kind of social management that ensures the organization of social relations and processes, giving the social system the proper coordination of actions, the necessary orderliness, sustainability and stability. The problem of state resilience is directly related to the resilience of state (public) administration requires a «breakthrough in traditional approaches» and recognition of «the state administration system as an organic system, the constituent parts and elements of which are diverse and capable of continuous self-development». Within the framework of the «organizational point of view» on the control methodology, there are important patterns and features that determine the viability and resilience of public administration and regulation processes in the state and society. These include: W. Ashby's cybernetic law of required diversity: for effective control, the degree of diversity of the governing body must be no less than the degree of diversity of the controlled object; E. Sedov’s law of hierarchical compensations: in complex, hierarchically organized and networked systems, the growth of diversity at the top level in the structure of the system is ensured by a certain limitation of diversity at its lower levels; St. Beer’s principle of invariance of the structure of viable social systems. The study was supported by the RFBR and EISI within the framework of the scientific project No. 21-011-31155.
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Merkulova, Yuliya. Система цифровых моделей - новая технология для баланса данных. Yuliya Merkulova, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0430.26042021.
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Use of the digital technologies is new and very productive approach for balance of different data. It is very important for balance of supply and demand and for increase of competitiveness of products. Various types of digital models were developed as a result of scientific research, they found reflection in article. Digital models for the description of the list of the sequences of steps and operations of various stages and process in general allow to install system of interrelations between operations and steps and to reach necessary log-ic, increase of effectiveness of any process. Object-relational models for establishment of communications between data of various blocks of databases and functional models of the choice of strategy of data balance form analytical base for justification of the choice of the direction of transformation of data. Models of a combination of a plurality of various data of the offer of products in the form of matrixes of multi-purpose optimization have double effect, because they allow not only to develop various options of data combina-tion, taking into account opportunities of change of location of products over the markets and temporary phases, but also to estimate aggregate useful effect from products. These models together with models of comparison of various options and the choice of optimal solutions allow to generate compatible strategic and current programs of the offer of products as a plurality of the output data balanced with each other and with data of demand. It is providing the best synergetic result. The developed methodology of creation of system of the interconnected digital models for transformation of data and generation of the output data of the situational-strategic program of the offer of products is a cornerstone of formation of new digital econ-omy – of economy of balanced data.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.