Academic literature on the topic 'Object-oriented programming (Computer science) Quality control'

Data-oriented attacks manipulate non-control data to alter a program’s benign behavior without violating its control-flow integrity. It has been shown that such attacks can cause significant damage even in the presence of control-flow defense mechanisms. However, these threats have not been adequately addressed. In this survey article, we first map data-oriented exploits, including Data-Oriented Programming (DOP) and Block-Oriented Programming (BOP) attacks, to their assumptions/requirements and attack capabilities. Then, we compare known defenses against these attacks, in terms of approach, detection capabilities, overhead, and compatibility. It is generally believed that control flows may not be useful for data-oriented security. However, data-oriented attacks (especially DOP attacks) may generate side effects on control-flow behaviors in multiple dimensions (i.e., incompatible branch behaviors and frequency anomalies). We also characterize control-flow anomalies caused by data-oriented attacks. In the end, we discuss challenges for building deployable data-oriented defenses and open research questions.

The article presents examples of research of typical links of linear systems and construction and study of transient functions, namely: research of influence of parameters of elements of systems of automatic control of its quality. Programs for automatic control are developing rapidly, the main areas of which are related to the optimization of technological processes and robotics. This encourages the introduction into modern production of high-precision digital systems with more extensive use of computer systems. In the simulation process, there is often a need to carefully select and apply real objects to study the quality of automatic control systems. This can be achieved by using a visual programming language for modeling dynamic systems and designing VisSim. The connection of parameters of automatic control systems with indicators of its quality is investigated: by definition of error coefficient; research of influence of a constant time of a forcing link on quality of automatic control systems by the method of compensation of the part in the main inertia of the control object, for the use of the forcing link. As a result, of research graphic dependences of quality of linear systems of automatic control, research of influence of a constant of time of a forcing link on its quality, carrying out identification of the regulator and object of management of systems of automatic control are received. Studies of the process of modeling dynamic systems were visually presented using the visual programming language VisSim. In particular, by creating virtual laboratory stands to study the quality of different modes of automatic control systems in relation to the performance of signal generators and the calculation of the necessary parameters of the study.

Two approaches to the numerical solution of the optimal control problem are studied. The direct approach is based on the reduction of the optimal control problem to a nonlinear programming problem. Another approach is so-called synthesized optimal control, and it includes the solution of the control synthesis problem and stabilization at some point in the state space, followed by the search of stabilization points and movement of the control object along these points. The comparison of these two approaches was carried out as the solution of the optimal control problem as a time function cannot be directly used in the control system, although the obtained discretized control can be embedded. The control object was a group of interacting mobile robots. Dynamic and static constraints were included in the quality criterion. Implemented methods were evolutionary algorithms and a random parameter search of piecewise linear approximation and coordinates of stabilization points, along with a multilayer network operator for control synthesis.

Markov dynamic programming was used to analyze the effect of quality loss on the profit of the cold chain when the retailer’s demand was affected by random factors and the product can be put into appearance fresh-keeping, taking the retailer in the fruit and vegetable cold chain as the research object and aiming at maximizing the retailer’s profit in the unlimited sales period. It was found that the model can control the system profit fluctuation within the expected range by adjusting the relevant strategies when the initial inventory was fluctuated by random demand factors. The optimal strategies of replenishment, pricing, and preservation investment are closely related to the initial inventory. Sensitivity analysis shows that the optimal strategy and profit fluctuation range are closely related to the quality characteristics of quality loss and quantity loss. When the quality loss increases, retailers should reduce the amount of a single replenishment, invest in appearance preservation ahead of time, and raise prices. When the quantity loss increases, the retailer should reduce the quantity of a single replenishment.

On an oversaturated urban rail transit line, passengers at downstream stations have to wait for more trains until they get aboard, resulting in service imbalance problem. To improve the service quality, this paper proposes an integrated optimization approach combining the train timetabling and collaborative passenger flow control, with the aim of minimizing indicators associated with the passenger service imbalance and train loading capacity utilization. Considering train regulation constraints and passenger loading dynamics, a mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated. Based on the linear weighting technique, an iterative heuristic algorithm combining the tabu search and Gurobi solver is designed to solve the proposed model. Finally, a simple case with different-scale instances is used to verify that the proposed algorithm can obtain near-optimal solution efficiently. Moreover, a real-world case of Beijing Subway Batong Line is implemented to compare performances of the proposed approach with those under the original timetable and noncollaborative passenger flow control.

The object of research is the processes of pulse metalworking (hydroexplosive, magnetic pulse, electrohydraulic, gas detonation forming, etc.). Among these methods of forming for the production of aircrafts engines parts from cylindrical and conical blanks, the most efficient in terms of its energy capabilities and overall dimensions is explosive. The modern level of theory and practice of metal forming processes allows, on the basis of a systematic approach and control theory, to determine the optimal parameters of plastic forming processes, select the best technical solutions, and create a precondition for the transition to complex automation. The most difficult task of metals forming methods optimizing is to find the best solution among many potentially possible ones, considering the introduced restrictions and efficiency criteria, environmental, economic, technical, ergonomic, and other requirements. The most problematic is that it is impossible to optimize the process of forming post-factum (finishing works, elimination of defects in shape and size, welding of cracks, etc. are required), therefore, when solving optimization problems, the implementation of the feedback principle is required - comparison of the value of the controlled variable, determined by the control program, with the desired value. In general, the processes of metal forming by pressure are characterized by a variety of problems of the theory of optimal control, the solution of which is carried out by methods of mathematical programming. And, although the equipment for pulse processing can have a different design, it necessarily includes structural elements that make it possible to convert the energy of the source and with its help (through the action of a solid body, transmitting medium, or field) to deform the metal of the workpiece. Due to this, in this work, it is proposed to control the quality of the obtained parts by varying the degree of deformation of the workpiece in the process of forming. The result of the work is the development of an integrated intelligent system, with the help of which it is possible to carry out the computer-aided design of almost all pulse-action processes based on the intelligent selection of suitable forming parameters.

The methodology for analyzing the structure of a web resource using an object model, which is based on the description of the page in HTML and using style sheets, has been proposed. The object of research is a web resource page, the model of which is depicted as a DOM tree. Data on the structural elements of the tree are supplemented with information about the styles of the design of the pages. To determine the similarity of pages, it is proposed to apply a criterion that takes into account the structural and stylistic similarity of pages with the corresponding coefficients. To compare page models with each other, the method of aligning trees will be used. Editing distance is used as a metric, and renaming operations, deleting, and adding a tree node is used as editing operations. To determine the similarity in styles, the Jaccard metric is used. To cluster web pages, the k-means method with a cosine distance measure is applied. Intracluster analysis is carried out using a modification of the Zhang-Shasha algorithm. The proposed approach is implemented in the form of an algorithm and software using Python programming language and related libraries. The computational experiment was performed to analyze the structure of individual websites existing on the Internet, as well as to group pages from different web resources. The structure of the formed clusters was analyzed, the RMS similarity of elements in the middle of the clusters was calculated. To assess the quality of the developed approach for the tasks under consideration, expert partitioning was built, the values of accuracy and completeness metrics were calculated. The results of the analysis of the structure of the web resource can be used to improve the structure of the components of the web resource, to understand the navigation of users on the site, to reengineer the web resource

Without reliable software metrics threshold values, the efficient quality evaluation of software could not be done. In order to derive reliable thresholds, we have to address several challenges, which impact the final result. For instance, software metrics implementations vary in various software metrics tools, including varying threshold values that result from different threshold derivation approaches. In addition, the programming language is also another important aspect. In this paper, we present the results of an empirical study aimed at comparing systematically obtained threshold values for nine software metrics in four object-oriented programming languages (i.e., Java, C++, C#, and Python).We addressed challenges in the threshold derivation domain within introduced adjustments of the benchmarkbased threshold derivation approach. The data set was selected in a uniform way, allowing derivation repeatability, while input values were collected using a single software metric tool, enabling the comparison of derived thresholds among the chosen object-oriented programming languages.Within the performed empirical study, the comparison reveals that threshold values differ between different programming languages.

Examples are important when we attempt to learn something new. To learn prob-lem solving and programming is an acknowledged difficulty. Teaching and learning introductory object oriented problem solving and programming has been discussed extensively since the late 1990’ies, when a major shift to object orientation as first programming paradigm took place. Initially, this switch was not considered to cause any major problems, because of the accumulated knowledge for how pro-gramming should be taught. This turned out to be naive. Knowledge gained for the imperative paradigm did not apply well to the object oriented paradigm. Because of its importance for the field of computer science, introductory pro- gramming education has drawn a lot of attention. Most of the research done in connection to object oriented problem solving and programming has been focused on students learning and the difficulty to acquire skills in programming. Less investigated is the foundation of the educational mission, the characteris- tics of object orientation and how this is best supported by the educator. There is no obvious agreement of what the basics of object orientation are, especially not from an educational point of view. In this thesis, two major aspects concerning the teaching of object orientation have been investigated: the definition of object oriented quality, specifically in examples for novices, and educators’ views on aspects of object orientation. Based on research of how object orientation is characterised in literature and in software design principles, a set of concepts and principles are presented as a description of basic characteristics of object orientation. These are applied to the educational context, and a number of heuristics, called Eduristics, for the design of object oriented examples for novices are defined. The Eduristics are then used to discuss the flaws and shortcomings of common textbook examples, but also how the object oriented quality of examples can be improved. To be able to evaluate the quality of examples, we initiated and participated in the development of an evaluation tool. This tool has been used to evaluate a number of examples from popular textbooks. The results show that the object oriented quality of examples is low. To explore the ways educators view a number of aspects of object orientation and the teaching of it, ten interviews have been conducted. The results of this study show that the level of abstraction in the conceptual model of object orientation among educators is low, and that novices are not given any support for object oriented problem solving.
Exempel är viktiga när man ska lära sig något nytt och det gäller även när man ska lära sig programmera. Att lära sig problemslösning och programmering är erkänt svårt och det har föranlett många förslag på vad som är ett bra sätt. Under 1990-talet skedde en större omläggning i programmeringsundervisningen världen över. Från att ha introducerat programmering i det imperativa/procedurella paradigmet övergick man till att använda objektorientering som första paradigm. Inledningsvis trodde man inte att det skulle skilja sig på något avgörande sätt från tidigare erfarenheter om hur programmering skulle undervisas. Detta visade sig vara en naiv föreställning. Mycket av den kunskap som ackumulerats kring den imperativa programmeringsundervisningen visade sig svår att överföra till objekt orientering. Omställningen har varit mödosam och är fortfarande inte genomförd fullt ut. Programmering är centralt i datavetenskap, eftersom olika aspekter av programvarukonstruktion genomsyrar det mesta av verksamheten kring datorer. Utbildningsmässigt är en inledande kurs i problemlösning och programmering förutsättningen för vidare studier i ämnet. Detta gör att en hel del uppmärksamhet har riktats mot problemlösning och programmering. Det mesta av den forskning som finns gjord i anslutning till objekt orienterad problemlösning och programmering har varit fokuserad på nybörjares lärande och problem att komma in i programmerandet. Mycket lite finns gjort när det gäller själva utgångspunkten för undervisningen om objektorientering, nämligen vad som är centralt i objektorientering och på vilket sätt det ska manifestera sig i undervisningen. I det här arbetet har två huvudaspekter av objektorientering i undervisningssammanhang undersökts: definitionen av objektorienterad kvalité, specifikt i exempel för nybörjare, samt vilken syn lärare har på olika aspekter av objektorientering. För att möjliggöra detta har vi undersökt hur objektorientering beskrivs i litteraturen och i vedertagna design-principer som används i programvaruutvecklingssammanhang. Baserat på resultatet av den undersökningen har vi använt en uppsättning koncept och designprinciper för att definiera vad som är karakteristiskt för objektorientering. Med detta som utgångspunkt har vi applicerat definitionen av objektorientering till undervisningssammanget och definierat ett antal heuristiker specifikt för konstruktion av objektorienterade exempel för nybörjare. Parallellt med detta arbete deltog vi i utvecklingen av ett utvärderingsverktyg för att värdera objektorienterade exempel för nybörjare. Detta verktyg har använts för en större utvärdering av exempel hämtade från populära läroböcker. Resultaten från denna studie visar att exempel generellt sett håller låg objektori enterad kvalitet. Vi har också visat att exempel som värderas högt, uppfyller våra heuristiker och att exempel som värderas lågt strider mot desamma. För att utforska hur lärare ser på objektorientering och hur de resonerar kring strategier för att lära ut objektorientering, har vi gjort tio intervjuer med lärare i gymnasieskolan och på universitetsnivå. Resultaten visar att den konceptuella modellen för objektorientering är mycket enkel i förhållande till den komplexitet som ofta anses känneteckna paradigmet. Dessutom, ges i stort sett inget stöd för nybörjaren vad gäller att förstå och lära sig problemlösningsansatsen, som ofta upplevs som väsensskild från hur man i normala fall löser problem.

This thesis studies the control algorithms used by a team of ECAVs (Electronic Combat Air Vehicle) to deceive a network of radars to detect a phantom track. Each ECAV has the electronic capability of intercepting the radar waves, and introducing an appropriate time delay before transmitting it back, and deceiving the radar into seeing a spurious target beyond its actual position. On the other hand, to avoid the errors and increase the reliability, have a complete coverage in various atmosphere conditions, and confronting the effort of the belligerent intruders to delude the sentinel and enter the area usually a network of radars are deployed to guard the region. However, a team of cooperating ECAVs could exploit this arrangement and plans their trajectories in a way all the radars in the network vouch for seeing a single and coherent spurious track of a phantom. Since each station in the network confirms the other, the phantom track is considered valid. This problem serves as a motivating example in trajectory planning for the multi-agent system in highly constrained operation conditions. The given control command to each agent should be a viable one in the agent limited capabilities, and also drives it in a cumulative action to keep the formation. In this thesis, three different approaches to devise a trajectory for each agent is studied, and the difficulties for deploying each one are addressed. In the first one, a command center has all information about the state of the agents, and in every step decides about the control each agent should apply. This method is very effective and robust, but needs a reliable communication. In the second method, each agent decides on its own control, and the members of the group just communicate and agree on the range of control they like to apply on the phantom. Although in this method much less data needs to communicate between the agents, it is very sensitive to the disturbances and miscalculations, and could be easily fell apart or come to a state with no feasible solution to continue. In the third method a differential geometric approach to the problem is studied. This method has a very strong backbone, and minimizes the communication needed to a binary one. However, less data provided to the agents about the system, more sensitive and infirm the system is when it faced with imperfectionalities. In this thesis, an object oriented program is developed in the Matlab software area to simulate all these three control strategies in a scalable fashion. Object oriented programming is a naturally suitable method to simulate a multi-agent system. It gives the flexibility to make the code more close to a real scenario with defining each agent as a separated and independent identity. The main objective is to understand the nature of the constrained dynamic problems, and examine various solutions in different situations. Using the flexibility of this code, we could simulate several scenarios, and incorporate various conditions on the system. Also, we could have a close look at each agent to observe its behavior in these situations. In this way we will gain a good insight of the system which could be used in designing of the agents for specific missions.
M.S.M.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Systems

Thesis (M.Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007
The latest technological trend worldwide, is automation. Reducing human labour and introducing robots to do the work is a pure business decision. The reason for automating a plant can be some, or all, of the following: Improve productivity Reduce labour and equipment costs Reduce product damage System reliability can be monitored Improves plant safety When the automation process is started, Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) will be one of the first commodities that can be used. The reason for this is that they are so versatile. They can be programmed to follow specific paths when moving material from one point to another and the biggest advantage of all is that they can operate for twenty four hours a day. Automatic Guided Vehicles are developed for many different applications and therefore many different types of AGVs are available. All AGVs are equipped with sensors so that they are able to “see” what is happening around them. Since the AGV must be able to function without any human help or control, it must be able to navigate through the work environment. In this study a remote control car was converted to an AGV and thorough research was done on the different types of sensors that can be used to make the AGV more intelligent when it comes to navigating in an unknown environment.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersand Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg April 16, 1990
Automation is currently being used to an ever increasing degree in industrial plants. However most of these applications require only a few basic control concepts repeated for each piece of equipment. There is often a fair amount of interaction between pieces of equipment in terms of safety interlocking and sequencing. Despite this each piece of software remains an autonomous entity receiving the necessary external data it requires. The principles of OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN are suited to the development of this type of software. This dissertation will demonstrate that object oriented development has distinct benefits over more classical design techniques. Generalized software for controlling a minerals processing plant will be conceptually designed, using techniques implemented in C++ to demonstrate the basic hypothesis. This will attempt to encompass all the available design techniques of object oriented design into an area that has traditionally developed its own software development paradigm.

This thesis examines integration testing of object-oriented software. The process of integrating and testing procedural programs is reviewed as foundation for testing object-oriented software. The complexity of object-oriented software is examined. The relationship of integration testing and the software development life cycle is presented. Scenarios are discussed which account for the introduction of defects into the software. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is chosen for representing pre-implementation and post-implementation models of the software. A demonstration of the technique of using post-implementation models representing the logical and physical views as an aid in integration and system testing of the software is presented. The use of UML diagrams developed from the software is suggested as a technique for integration testing of object-oriented software. The need for automating the data collection and model building is recognized. The technique is integrated into the Revised Spiral Model for Object-Oriented Software Development developed by du Plessis and van der Walt.
Computing
D.Phil. (Computer Science)

This chapter presents the findings from a quasi-experimental study analyzing the effect of Game Development-Based Learning on students' academic performance in programming courses in Jordan. The study tested an argument proposing a positive significant association between GDBL instruction and students' performance. The analysis of variance results investigating the effect of enrollment and completion of a concurrent GDBL course to normal courses found that the treatment group outperformed two other groups: the control and the comparison group. The positive gains in the post-assessment scores, were consistent across the two programming courses: C++ and Object-Oriented Programming. This finding confirms the earlier results across countries and contexts documenting the salubrious effect of GDBL on students' academic performance in Computer Science and Information Technology courses. Findings also support the overarching constructionist approach where the use of scaffolding and technology in instruction and assessment yield better academic outcomes for learners.