Academic literature on the topic 'Object oriented comparison (OOC)'

[Abstract]: The disposal of animal waste has become a problem in many parts of the world due to the rapid growth in the number and the size of intensive animal industries. Safe waste disposal sites are rarely available and the relocation and/or treatment of animal waste is seldom economically viable. The reuse of animal waste for energy recovery and re-feeding is also not popular. Animal waste is a valuable source of plant nutrients and a very good soil conditioner, and has been commonly applied as fertiliser to agricultural fields. However, due to the increasing oversupply of animal waste in recent years, it has often been applied in excess to the agricultural fields. Excessive application of animal waste, without due consideration of its implications, is a serious concern. The run-off and leaching losses of nutrients from the fields fertilised with animal waste have contributed significantly to the eutrophication and toxic blue-green algae blooms in surface water systems and nitrification of ground water systems. It has also led to nutrient imbalances in the soils and odour pollution to the surrounding communities. The animal waste, which is a valuable source of plant nutrients, has thus become both an economic and environmental burden, and there is a need to develop a strategy for its sensible use as a fertiliser in agricultural fields. Sensible use of animal waste involves the consideration of all the agricultural, environmental, social, and economical limitations. A rational method of achieving this is to restrict the use of animal waste to sites suitable for such uses, identify areas where it can be relocated and applied economically, limit the application rates to a safe level, and observe appropriate manure management practices. This study addressed each of these components by developing a comprehensive manure application plan (MAP) for the site-specific use of animal waste as fertiliser in agricultural fields. Various geographic information systems (GIS) based techniques, including a weighted linear combination model and map algebra based cartographic modelling, were employed to achieve the goal. The appropriateness of the existing techniques and procedures were evaluated and modified to meet the current input requirements. New methods of analysis were devised as necessary. The Westbrook sub-catchment of the Condamine River catchment in south-east Queensland was selected as the study area. The sub-catchment covers 24,903 hectares and contains 39 intensive animal industries. The catchment is also a part of the Murray-Darling Basin, which has been suffering from toxic blue green algae blooms recurrently since 1991. This study identified that only about one-fifth of the sub-catchment area is suitable for animal waste application. Depending on the method of site suitability analysis and the number of input factors used the suitable area ranged between 16 and 22 percent. This comparatively small area is mainly due to the presence of a large proportion of non-agricultural areas in the sub-catchment. The suitable areas were also found to have various degrees of suitability for waste application. However, the degree of site suitability was affected by the number of input factors used in the analysis, the weighting of the factors, and the method of factor attribute standardisation. Conventional methods of weighting input factors were found to be cumbersome and not particularly suitable. Hence, this study developed a new ‘objective oriented comparison’ method of factor weighting. Standardisation of input factors using a continuous, rather than discrete, classification (ie fuzzy set) method was found to be more consistent in degree of suitability determination. The discrete classification of factor attributes into classes of different numbers and sizes, and the weighting of classes to a sum of one, were identified as a limitation in using this standardisation method. A new ‘weight adjustment’ method was devised and demonstrated to reduce factor-weighting biases. The suitable sites, degree of site suitability, and other relevant spatial and non-spatial information were processed within a GIS framework to develop a comprehensive manure application plan. The inherently high presence of available phosphorus in the soils of the study area was recognised and the P2O5 content in the manure was used as the basis for determining manure application rates. A complimentary nitrogen supply map was also generated. Manure management practices applicable to the areas with a lower degree of suitability were also suggested.

Object oriented databases have been gaining popularity over the years. Their ease of use and the advantages that they offer over relational databases have made them a popular choice amongst database administrators. Their use in previous years was restricted to business and administrative applications, but improvements in technology and the emergence of new, data-intensive applications has led to the increase in the use of object databases. This study investigates four Open Source object-oriented databases on their ability to carry out the standard database operations of storing, querying, updating and deleting database objects. Each of these databases will be timed in order to measure which is capable of performing a particular function faster than the other.

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Diversas tecnologias de implementação de software são discutidas na literatura. Duas dessas tecnologias são a orientação a objetos, que se encontra consolidada, e a orientação a agentes, que vem sendo objeto de muitos estudos e experimentos. Esses estudos indicam a orientação a agentes como muito promissora e como uma evolução da orientação a objetos. No entanto, há poucos trabalhos comparando essas duas técnicas e os poucos trabalhos se baseiam em comparações ideológicas e qualitativas. Essa dissertação tem por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar modos sistemáticos de avaliação de duas arquiteturas de implementação de sistemas. As duas tecnologias apresentadas foram comparadas e foi determinado se a utilização de uma tecnologia trouxe benefícios, desvantagens ou foi indiferente face à outra. A comparação foi realizada tomando por base um problema real, ou seja, foram criadas duas implementações que solucionam o problema de modo similar cada uma usando uma tecnologia. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi criado um plano de medição com base na técnica Goal Question Metric. O plano de medição foi aplicado às duas implementações e resultados obtidos foram avaliados definindo os benefícios de cada técnica. Por fim, foi feita uma crítica da utilização do modelo GQM em um projeto real.<br>There are several software development technologies currently in the literature. Two such technologies are object orientation, which is consolidated, and agent orientation, which has been the subject of many studies and experiments. These studies indicate the agent orientation as very promising and an evolution of object orientation. However, there is only a few studies comparing these two techniques and these studies have been based on ideological and qualitative comparisons. This dissertation aims to develop and evaluate methods of systematic evaluation of two architectures for implementing systems. The two technologies presented were compared and determined whether the use of technology has brought benefits, disadvantages or was indifferent to the other. The comparison was performed based on taking a real problem; in other words, two implementations have been created that address the problem similarly each using a technology. To develop this work, it was created a measurement plan based on the technique Goal Question Metric. The measurement plan was applied to both implementations and results were evaluated by defining the benefits of each technique. Finally was done a discussion about the use of the GQM model in a real project.

There are multiple programming paradigms that have their own set rules forhow code should be written. Programming languages utilize one or multiple ofthese paradigms. In this thesis, we will compare object-oriented programming,that is the most used today with languages such as C++ and Java, and functionalprogramming. Functional programming was introduced in the 1950's butsuered from performance issues, and has not been used much except for in theacademic world. However, for its ability to handle concurrency and big data,functional programming is of interest in the industry again with languages suchas Scala. In functional programming side effects, any interaction outside of thefunction, are avoided as well as changing and saving state. To compare these paradigms we have chosen four dierent algorithms, whichboth of us have implemented twice, once according to object-oriented programmingand once according to functional programming. All algorithms were implementedJavaScript. JavaScript is a multiparadigm language that supportsboth functional and object-oriented programming. For all implementations,we have measured development time, lines of code, execution time and memoryusage. Our results show that object-oriented programming gave us betterperformance, but functional programming resulted in less code and a shorterdevelopment time.

Performance is something that is always of concern when developing real-time 3D graphics applications. The way programs are made today with object-oriented programming has certain flaws that are rooted in the methodology itself. By exploring different programming paradigms we can eliminate some of these issues and find what is best for programming in different areas. Because real-time 3D applications need high performance the data-oriented design paradigm that makes the data the center of the application is experimented with. By using data-oriented design we can eliminate certain issues with object-oriented programming and deliver improved applications when it comes to performance, flexibility, and architecture. In this study, an experiment creating the same type of program with the help of different programming paradigms is made to compare the performance of the two. Some additional up- and downsides of the paradigms are also mentioned<br><p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>

<p>New software tools and methodologies make claims that managers often believe intuitively without evidence. Many unsupported claims have been made about object-oriented programming. However, without rigorous scientific evidence, it is impossible to accept these claims as valid. Although experimentation has been done in the past, most of the research is very recent and the most relevant research has serious drawbacks. This study attempts to empirically verify the claim that object-oriented languages produce programs that are more easily maintained than those programmed with procedural languages. Measurements of subjects performing maintenance tasks onto two identical programs, one object-oriented and the other procedure-oriented show the object-oriented version to be more maintainable.<br>Master of Science

This paper aims to address what is a suitable programming paradigm for real-time crowd rendering from a performance standpoint, with smartphones as the target platform. Among the most prominent and intuitive programming paradigms is the object-oriented (OO) one, with data-oriented designs be- coming more common in recent years. In this paper, Unity’s GameObject approach built on an object-oriented foundation is compared with their DOTS system using GPU instancing, arranging different test scenarios later built using Xcode on an iPhone 6S and an iPhone XR. The results from the different scenarios and builds are represented through multiple graphs focusing on the obtained frame rate, CPU usage and GPU usage. The DOTS system proved to outperform the object- oriented system in six out of eight scenarios with the iPhone XR yielding better performance. With DOTS currently being under development, several acceleration and enhancement techniques are yet to be integrated such as culling or LoD, which currently can be used by its counterpart. The OO sys- tem is more robust with variation whereas the DOTS system is better suited when the number of characters increases.<br>Denna rapport ämnar sig att ta itu med vad som är lämplig programmeringparadigm för att rendera folkmassor i realtid ur ett prestandaperspektiv, med smartphones som målplattform. Bland de mest framstående och intuitiva programmeringsparadigmerna finns den objekt-orienterade (OO), men under de senaste åren har data-orienterad design blivit allt mer vanlig. I den här rapporten jämförs Unity’s Game Object-strategi som bygger på en objekt-orienterad grund med deras DOTS-system med GPU-instansiering genom olika arrangerade testscenarier byggda med Xcode på en iPhone 6S och en iPhone XR. Resultaten från olika scenarier representeras genom flera diagram med fokus på den erhållna bildhastigheten, CPU-användningen och GPU-användningen. DOTS-systemet visade sig överträda det objekt-orienterade systemet i sex av åtta scenarier med iPhone XR som den bättre presterande smartphonen. Med DOTS förnärvarande under utveckling, saknas ännu flera förbättringstekniker som ännu inte ska integreras, såsom culling eller LoD, som för närvarande kan användas av dess motsvarighet. OO-systemet är mer robust med variation medan DOTS-systemet passar bättre när antalet karaktärer ökar.