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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Goldberg, Adele. Succeeding with objects: Decision frameworks for project management. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

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2

Fundamentals of object tracking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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3

United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency., ed. Building, learning, and tutoring tools for object-oriented simulation systems. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

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4

Ying, Liu. A pattern directed approach towards an object adaptive decision support environment for water resources management. Delft: Delft University Press, 1995.

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5

International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics (19th 2007 Baden-Baden, Germany). Advances in environmental systems research: Sustainability, environmental sciences, support systems : effects of electromagnetic exposition on honeybees, principles of neuro-empirism and dynamic models, application of stochastic networks, sustainability of fuzzy theory, object oriented analysis, integrated logistic support principles, business information management system, sustainable decision support systems, health service delivery. Tecumseh, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 2007.

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6

International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics (19th 2007 Baden-Baden, Germany). Advances in environmental systems research: Sustainability, environmental sciences, support systems : effects of electromagnetic exposition on honeybees, principles of neuro-empirism and dynamic models, application of stochastic networks, sustainability of fuzzy theory, object oriented analysis, integrated logistic support principles, business information management system, sustainable decision support systems, health service delivery. Tecumseh, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 2007.

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7

1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics., and International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics (9th : 1997 : Baden-Baden, Germany), eds. Advances in database and expert systems: Design issues, data mining, object-oriented databases, generic model for knowledge bases, rapid database prototyping, knowledge-based tools in decision support systems. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1997.

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8

Novosel'cev, Viktor, Sergey Kochedykov, Dar'ya Orlova, Kirill Plyuschik, L. Rossihina, and I. Goncharov. Conflict-active project management for the development of information security systems of infocommunication networks. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1921360.

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The object of study in the monograph is the conflict "information security system of infocommunication networks of critical socio-economic infrastructure objects — an attacker (criminal element)". The subject of the research is the development of a methodology for conflict-active project management for the development of information security systems for these networks, including models for supporting project decision-making. The theoretical basis of the above is the provisions of system analysis, the theory of management and decision-making, the theory of active systems, the theory of information security, the theory of mathematical modeling and conflict. It is intended for researchers and specialists dealing with the problems of ensuring information security of infocommunication networks of socio-economic profile objects. It will be useful for graduate students and undergraduates studying in the scientific specialty 2.3.6 "Methods and systems of information protection, information security".
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9

Steen, Andreassen, Engelbrecht R, Wyatt J, and European Society for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine., eds. Artificial intelligence in medicine: Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe, 3-6 October 1993. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1993.

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10

Nassarawa State (Nigeria). Administrative Panel on the Stool of Osuko of Obi. Government views and decisions on the report of the Administrative Panel on the Stool of Osuko of Obi. [Lafia: s.n., 2003.

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11

Kochetova, Zhanna, Natal'ya Maslova, and Oleg Bazarskiy. Aviation and missile clusters and the environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1544137.

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The monograph introduces a new concept - the aviation and missile cluster as a new class of objects of geo-ecological monitoring, united by the solution of identical strategic tasks of the state, the interconnection of its structural elements, the identity of priority contaminants and products of their transformation. The scientific and methodological apparatus of complex geoecological monitoring of territories under the influence of objects of aviation and space activities is presented, including predictive models of the spread and transformation of priority contaminants in environmental objects, taking into account their physical and chemical properties, geographical and climatic features of the studied territory; algorithms and methods for assessing the environmental situation in the area of the aviation and rocket cluster to support management decisions on conducting rehabilitation and preventive medical and environmental measures. The proposed scientific and methodological apparatus improves the quality of the assessment of the geoecological situation while reducing the cost of monitoring the territory of the aviation and missile cluster. The scientific results obtained by the authors based on the results of eleven-year geoecological monitoring of a typical aviation and rocket cluster located within the city of Voronezh and including an airfield of state aviation and a test complex of launch vehicles are presented. For a wide range of readers interested in environmental problems of scientific and technological progress.
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12

Karpychev, Mihail, Al'fir Huzhin, Igor' Il'in, Oksana Malyutina, Aleksndr Pchelkin, Zinaida Sokova, Irina Pershina, and Anna Shuhareva. Civil Law: in 2 volumes. Volume 1. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1184792.

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The first volume of the textbook, prepared in accordance with the curriculum on the discipline "Civil Law" for educational institutions of higher education, discusses the issues of the General part (basic provisions, legal relations, persons, objects of civil rights, transactions, decisions of meetings, representation, terms and limitation period) and a number of sub-branches and institutions of civil law of Russia (property law, personal non-property rights; general provisions of the law of obligations). Complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students, cadets, teachers, postgraduates, adjuncts and anyone interested in issues of modern civil law.
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13

Gasperini, Chiara, and Tommaso Rafanelli. SIMdisaster. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-616-7.

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SIMdisaster is a simulation software conceived to respond to the training needs of health operators managing aid in maxi-emergencies, since the reproduction of such events for didactic purposes proves to be both complex and costly. SimDisaster reconstructs the scenario of a catastrophe using photos and films manipulated using computer graphics and integrated with three-dimensional objects generated by the computer. An interactive interface makes it possible to assess the scenario and hence take decisions about the logistics of aid operations, the choice of auto-protection techniques, triage intervention and maintenance of the principal vital functions. The scenario then evolves in real time depending on the choices made by the user.
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14

1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics., and International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics (7th : 1994 : Baden-Baden, Germany), eds. Advances in database and expert systems: Federated and replicated databases, spatio-temporal databases, multi database systems, database design methodologies, complex object modeling, knowledge and knowledge-based systems, computer-based decison [sic] support systems, expert systems in a distributed database environment, formal models of legal reasoning, legal databases and legal expert systems. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1995.

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15

Starfish, Pixy. Find The Differences : Puzzles and Coloring Book For Kids: Children activities books to spot the differences or find the hidden object to improve ... decision-making skills and boost creativity. Independently published, 2019.

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16

Soudris, Dimitrios, Kostas Siozios, and Elias Kosmatopoulos. CyberPhysical Systems: Decision Making Mechanisms and Applications. River Publishers, 2022.

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17

CyberPhysical Systems: Decision Making Mechanisms and Applications. River Publishers, 2017.

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18

Soudris, Dimitrios, Kostas Siozios, and Elias Kosmatopoulos. CyberPhysical Systems: Decision Making Mechanisms and Applications. River Publishers, 2022.

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19

Soudris, Dimitrios, Kostas Siozios, and Elias Kosmatopoulos. Cyber-Physical Systems: Decision Making Mechanisms and Applications. River Publishers, 2017.

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20

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Thomas J. Palmeri. An Exemplar-Based Random-Walk Model of Categorization and Recognition. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.7.

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In this chapter, we provide a review of a process-oriented mathematical model of categorization known as the exemplar-based random-walk (EBRW) model (Nosofsky & Palmeri, 1997a). The EBRW model is a member of the class of exemplar models. According to such models, people represent categories by storing individual exemplars of the categories in memory, and classify objects on the basis of their similarity to the stored exemplars. The EBRW model combines ideas ranging from the fields of choice and similarity, to the development of automaticity, to response-time models of evidence accumulation and decision-making. This integrated model explains relations between categorization and other fundamental cognitive processes, including individual-object identification, the development of expertise in tasks of skilled performance, and old-new recognition memory. Furthermore, it provides an account of how categorization and recognition decision-making unfold through time. We also provide comparisons with some other process models of categorization.
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21

Koslicki, Kathrin. Concrete Particular Objects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823803.003.0002.

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This chapter reviews existing approaches to the metaphysics of concrete particular objects and positions the doctrine of hylomorphism with respect to competing accounts. The literature is divided over whether concrete particular objects are or are not further analyzable into constituents which do not themselves belong to the ontological category of concrete particular objects and in terms of which the character of these latter entities is to be explained. This chapter briefly surveys constituent ontologies (e.g., bundle theories or substratum theories) as well as non-constituent ontologies (e.g., Platonism or austere nominalism) and discusses prominent objections that have been raised against these accounts. These considerations in turn give rise to a set of desiderata and decision points which guide the development of a hylomorphic analysis of concrete particular objects in subsequent chapters.
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22

Buchanan, James M. Politics and Scientific Enquiry. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0055.

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This article studies politics and scientific inquiry. It first determines what the state is, and examines the ethical norms for guiding the behaviour of decision-makers. The unitary-mind model is discussed in one section, and this is followed by the theory of ‘democratic’ politics. The object of collective action, normative relevance, and the operational science of politics are some of the topics discussed in this article.
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23

Kahan, Dan M., and Ashley R. Landrum. A Tale of Two Vaccines—and Their Science Communication Environments. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.18.

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This chapter examines the difference in the US public’s reactions to proposals for universal administration of two adolescent immunizations: the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which provoked a firestorm of political controversy, and the Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine, which aroused no such opposition. This chapter argues that the reason for this was that the public became familiar with the latter (but not the former) in a polluted science communication environment. It identifies decisions made by the vaccine’s manufacturer that drove the HPV vaccine off the nonpoliticized administrative-approval path followed by the HBV vaccine and every other mandated childhood vaccine and onto a highly politicized, highly partisan legislative one that predictably provoked identity-protective cognition. The chapter argues that such controversy will likely recur unless protection of the science communication environment is itself made a self-conscious object of the institutions, governmental and nongovernmental, that play a role in the dissemination of decision-relevant science.
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24

Engelbrecht, R., J. Wyatt, and S. Andreassen. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. IOS Press, Incorporated, 1993.

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25

Andreassen, Steen, and R. Engelbrecht. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe, Munich, Germany, October 3-6, 1993, Vol. 10. Ios Pr Inc, 1993.

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26

Slorach, J. Scott, and Jason Ellis. 4. Partnership disputes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823230.003.0004.

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A decision of the majority of the partners on an ‘ordinary matter’ is binding on the minority. The wishes of the majority prevail over those of the minority who object. However, partnership law provides some machinery for protecting the partner who is aggrieved by what the other partners have done. This chapter considers the remedies available to a partner. These include dissolution of the partnership, appointment of a receiver, arbitration, and expulsion of the partner.
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27

Slorach, J. Scott, and Jason Ellis. 4. Partnership disputes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787686.003.0004.

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A decision of the majority of the partners on an ‘ordinary matter’ is binding on the minority. The wishes of the majority prevail over those of the minority who object. However, partnership law provides some machinery for protecting the partner who is aggrieved by what the other partners have done. This chapter considers the remedies available to a partner. These include dissolution of the partnership, appointment of a receiver, arbitration, and expulsion of the partner.
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28

Boland, Lawrence A. Equilibrium Models in Economics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.001.0001.

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Equilibrium models used in beginning economics classes are based on the equilibrium concept developed by Alfred Marshall, but that concept of an equilibrium does not correspond to the equilibrium concept recognized in modern formal mathematical models taught to graduate students. In both cases, the assumptions needed to produce explanations of economic events are open to question. The assumptions needed to prove the existence of an equilibrium in formal mathematical models are often questioned not only by older model builders but also by today’s formal model builders. This book critically examines both model building cultures by examining the major problematic assumptions employed building equilibrium models with particular attention to the assumptions used to characterize learning, knowledge, and expectations. These assumptions are recognized as essential in any equilibrium model that claims to address the dynamics of decision making. These assumptions are also the object of the critiques provided by those developing evolutionary models and by those promoting the development of complexity economics. Attention is also given to the inadequacies of what is taught to beginning students when it comes to the question of whether equilibrium models can provide a realistic explanation of economic events and objects such as prices, market demands, and market supplies.
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29

Wu, Shih-Wei, and Paul W. Glimcher. The Emerging Standard Neurobiological Model of Decision Making. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.45.

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The standard neurobiological model of decision making has evolved, since the turn of the twenty-first century, from a confluence of economic, psychological, and neurosci- entific studies of how humans make choices. Two fundamental insights have guided the development of this model during this period, one drawn from economics and the other from neuroscience. The first derives from neoclassical economic theory, which unambiguously demonstrated that logically consistent choosers behave “as if” they had some internal, continuous, and monotonic representation of the values of any choice objects under consideration. The second insight derives from neurobiological studies suggesting that the brain can both represent, in patterns of local neural activity, and compare, by a process of interneuronal competition, internal representations of value associated with different choices.
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30

Wygralak, M. Vaguely Defined Objects: Representations, Fuzzy Sets and Nonclassical Cardinality theory (Theory and Decision Library B:). Springer, 1995.

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31

Masuda, Takahiko, Liman Man Wai Li, and Matthew J. Russell. Judging the World Dialectically versus Non-Dialectically. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0007.

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For over three decades, cultural psychologists have advocated the importance of cultural meaning systems and their effects on basic modes of perception and cognition. This chapter reviews findings which have demonstrated that culturally dominant ways of thinking influence people’s basic perceptual and cognitive processes: East Asians are more likely to endorse holistic thinking and dialectical thinking style when they process information, such that they incorporate more contextual information into their judgments of focal objects, and North Americans are more likely to endorse non-dialectical thinking and analytical thinking styles, by focusing on foreground information. The chapter also reviews recent findings related to higher cognitive processes in judgments and decision making processes. It emphasizes two lines of research showing how cultural differences in perception and cognition affect the online decision making process, one involving various online processes in decision making and the other involving how cultures experience indecisiveness in their decisions. Finally, this chapter introduces recent findings highlighting how cultural differences in perception and cognition affect how people make judgments involved in resource allocation, how cultural consistency values affect personality judgments, and how memory judgments are affected by neural cues. To close, it discusses the importance of this line of research and its future directions.
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32

Jeffares, Ben, and Kim Sterelny. Evolutionary Psychology. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0020.

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The article presents several models of evolutionary psychology. Nativist evolutionary psychology is built around a most important insight that ordinary human decision-making has a high cognitive load. Evolutionary nativists defend a modular solution to the problem of information load on human decision-making. Human minds comprises of special purpose cognitive devices or modules. One of the modules is a language module, a module for interpreting the thoughts and intentions of others, another is a ‘naive physics’ module for causal reasoning about sticks, stones, and similar inanimate objects, a natural history module for ecological decisions, and a social exchange module for monitoring economic interactions with peers. These modules evolved in response to the distinctive, independent, and recurring problems faced by the ancestors. Domain specific modules handle information about human language, human minds, inanimate causal interactions, the biological world, and other constant adaptive demands faced by human ancestors. Nativist evolutionary psychologists have turned to moral decision making, arguing that cross-cultural moral judgments are invariant in an unexpected way. Natural selection can build and equip a special purpose module only if the information an agent needs to know is stable over evolutionary time. Automatized skills are an alternative means of coping with high-load problems. These skills are phenomenologically rather like modules, but they have very different developmental and evolutionary histories.
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33

Nizamuddin, Sarah, and Caitlin Aveyard. Airway Foreign Body Aspiration. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0024.

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Aspiration of a foreign body is a potentially life-threatening problem that often necessitates an anesthetic for removal of the foreign body. Foreign body aspiration is most common among children aged 1 to 4 years old and has a wide variety of symptoms ranging from a mild, nagging cough to complete airway obstruction. Definitive diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration involve flexible or rigid bronchoscopy. The urgency of the procedure depends on the type of object aspirated and the location of the foreign body in the airway. The appropriate anesthetic for removal of the foreign body is dependent upon the surgeon’s plan and involves several steps in decision-making: intravenous versus inhalational induction, airway maintenance (endotracheal tube vs. supraglottic airway vs. mask), spontaneous versus controlled ventilation, maintenance of anesthesia (total intravenous anesthesia vs. volatile agents). Good communication with the surgeon or proceduralist is key to a safe and effective anesthetic.
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34

Figdor, Carrie. Cases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809524.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 begins to illustrate the problem with details of recent scientific research into plants and bacteria and the uses of psychological predicates to describe the new discoveries. Plants are responsive to their environments in ways that have prompted researchers to ascribe learning, individuality, the ability to make choices, and other capacities to them. Bacterial colonies possess complex signaling mechanisms for communication and group decision-making. Individual bacteria, once considered mere bags of chemicals, have internal machinery that enables them to engage in signal transduction and information-processing. The chapter further articulates the role in the debate of the assumption that human mental capacities are the standard to which all other entities’ capacities are compared and found wanting. It begins to defend Literalism’s denial of this anthropocentrism of psychology. The growing evidence reveals how the burden of proof is shifting onto those to object to a default literal interpretation of psychological terms in the new domains.
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35

Houdé, Olivier, and Grégoire Borst, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Development. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108399838.

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How does cognition develop in infants, children and adolescents? This handbook presents a cutting-edge overview of the field of cognitive development, spanning basic methodology, key domain-based findings and applications. Part One covers the neurobiological constraints and laws of brain development, while Part Two covers the fundamentals of cognitive development from birth to adulthood: object, number, categorization, reasoning, decision-making and socioemotional cognition. The final Part Three covers educational and school-learning domains, including numeracy, literacy, scientific reasoning skills, working memory and executive skills, metacognition, curiosity-driven active learning and more. Featuring chapters written by the world's leading scholars in experimental and developmental psychology, as well as in basic neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience, computational modelling and developmental robotics, this collection is the most comprehensive reference work to date on cognitive development of the twenty-first century. It will be a vital resource for scholars and graduate students in developmental psychology, neuroeducation and the cognitive sciences.
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36

Kyritsis, Dimitrios. Against the Democratic Objection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672257.003.0004.

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This chapter critically examines sceptical views about constitutional review of primary legislation. Sceptics argue that constitutional review is illegitimate because it negates political equality. Political equality requires that political decisions be made following procedures that give every citizen’s view equal weight. But constitutional review gives a small group of unelected officials the power to overrule the decisions of democratically accountable legislators. Against the sceptics it is argued that they ignore the significant imbalance of power that exists between elected legislators and the citizens they represent. The former have the power to decide according to their own independent judgment of what is the right thing to do. They act as trustees, not proxies, of their constituents. If we do not object to representative democracy of the kind we are familiar with, we cannot object to constitutional review in the name of political equality.
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37

Impett, Jonathan. Making a mark The psychology of composition. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0037.

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This article discusses the psychology of composition. Composition is a reflexive, iterative process of inscription. The work, once named as such and externalizable to some degree, passes circularly between inner and outer states. It passes through internal and external representations – mostly partial or compressed, some projected in mental rather than physical space, not all necessarily conscious or observable – and phenomenological experience, real or imagined. At each state-change the work is re-mediated by the composer, whose decision-making process is conditioned by the full complexity of human experience. This entire activity informs the simultaneous development of the composer's understanding of the particular work in its autonomy, of their own creativity, and of music more broadly. While the urge to compose – to invent, structure, and define sound and musical behaviour – may be to some degree innate, modes of conceiving, representing, and realizing are the product of a situated process. Even if some or all of that activity is so well assimilated personally or culturally that it remains hidden from experimental view, it remains a behaviour in respect of an emerging object.
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38

Linnebo, Øystein. The Julius Caesar Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0009.

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The Julius Caesar problem concerns cross-categorical identities such as “3 = Julius Caesar”. The problem and its significance to some Fregean projects are explained. The notions of sortal and category are introduced. A neo-Fregean argument to the effect that every object belongs to a unique category is criticized and an alternative, more pragmatic argument to the same effect is developed. The handling of such mixed identity statements often needs conceptual decisions, not just factual discoveries. The conceptual decisions of our ancestors are implicit in our inherited linguistic practices, which have by and large legislated against the overlap of categories, but exceptions to the rule are certainly possible and very likely even actual.
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39

Bianchi, Andrea, and Moshe Hirsch, eds. International Law's Invisible Frames. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847539.001.0001.

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Law as a social process carried out by human beings is a stimulating object of investigation for those who would like to analyse social cognition and knowledge production processes. Humans acquire and form their knowledge through cognitive processes and in turn form a representation of reality by processing and using this knowledge through different mental channels. To better conceive the invisible frames within which international law moves and performs, we must understand how psychological and socio-cultural factors can affect decision-making in an international legal process, identify the groups of people and institutions that may shape and alter the prevailing discourse in international law at any given time, and unearth the hidden meaning of the various mythologies that populate and influence our normative world. Through illustrations across different areas of international law and insights from various fields of knowledge, this book seeks to investigate the mechanisms that allow us to apprehend and intellectually represent the social practice of international law, to unveil the hidden or often unnoticed processes by which our understanding of international law is formed, and to make us unlearn some of the presuppositions that activate automatic cognitive processes and inform our largely unquestioned beliefs about international law.
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40

Gover, K. E. Art and Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768692.001.0001.

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Art and Authority is a philosophical essay on artistic authority and freedom: its sources, nature, and limits. It draws upon real-world cases and controversies in contemporary visual art and connects them to significant theories in the philosophical literature on art and aesthetics. Artworks, it is widely agreed, are the products of intentional human activity. And yet they are different from other kinds of artifacts; for one thing, they are meaningful. It is often presumed that artworks are an extension of their makers’ personality in ways that other kinds of artifacts are not. This is clear from our recognition that an artist continues to own his or her creation even once the art object, in which the artwork inheres, belongs to another. But it is far from clear how or why artists acquire this authority, and whether it originates from a special, intimate bond between artist and artwork. In response to these questions, the book argues for a ‘dual-intention theory’ of artistic authorship, in which it is claimed that authorship entails two orders of intention. The first, ‘generative’ moment, names the intentions that lead to the production of an artwork. The second, ‘evaluative’ moment, names the decision in which the artist decides whether or not to accept the artwork as part of their corpus.
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41

Graff Zivin, Erin. Anarchaeologies. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286829.001.0001.

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How do we read after the so-called death of literature? If we are to attend to the proclamations that the representational apparatuses of literature and politics are dead, what aesthetic, ethical, and political possibilities remain for us today? This book brings together works of continental philosophy and critical theory (Emmanuel Levinas, Paul de Man, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Rancière) and works of art from Argentina (J. L. Borges, Juán José Saer, Ricardo Piglia, César Aira, Albertina Carri, the Internacional Errorista) in order to practice what Graff Zivin calls anarchaeological reading: reading for the blind spots, errors, points of opacity or untranslatability in works of philosophy and art. Rather than “applying” concepts from the former in order to understand or elucidate the latter, the book aim to expose works of philosophy, literary theory, narrative, poetry, film, and performance art/activism to one another. The work of aesthetic or political expression, then, does not appear as an object of study in the conventional sense, but rather as a possible source of philosophical and political thought itself. Ethical and political concepts such as identification and recognition, decision and event, sovereignty and will, are read as constitutively impossible, erroneous, through these acts of interdisciplinary and interdiscursive exposure.
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42

Pylyshyn, Zenon W. Scientific Theories and Fodorian Exceptionalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0009.

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The chapter sketches how Fodor and I, beginning from different perspectives, were led to make a sharp distinction between registering certain distal objects in visual perception and categorizing and recognizing these objects. The precategorical or nonconceptual operations in categorizing were unlike cognitive processes in general in that they were insensitive to beliefs or to inferences from background knowledge, thus they were barred from using expectations even when the latter were relevant to correct decisions or goal-driven actions. We postulated certain fixed mechanisms of perception—what I called perceptual architecture and Fodor called modules. I explored these mechanisms empirically which led to the notion of indexing by a mechanism I called a FINST.
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43

Miller, Nicholas R. Social Choice Theory and Legislative Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article.Narrowly understood, social choice theory is a specialized branch of applied logic and mathematics that analyzes abstract objects called preference aggregation functions, social welfare functions, and social choice functions. But more broadly, social choice theory identifies, analyzes, and evaluates rules that may be used to make collective decisions. So understood, social choice is a subfield of the social sciences that examines what may be called “voting rules” of various sorts. While social choice theory typically assumes a finite set of alternatives over which voter preferences are unrestricted, the spatial model of social choice assumes that policy alternatives can be represented by points in a space of one or more dimensions, and that voters have preferences that are plausibly shaped by this spatial structure.Social choice theory has considerable relevance for the study of legislative (as well as electoral) institutions. The concepts and tools of social choice theory make possible formal descriptions of legislative institutions such as bicameralism, parliamentary voting procedures, effects of decision rules (e.g., supramajority vs. simple majority rule and executive veto rules), sincere vs. strategic voting by legislators, agenda control, and other parliamentary maneuvers. Spatial models of social choice further enrich this analysis and raise additional questions regarding policy stability and change. Spatial models are used increasingly to guide empirical research on legislative institutions and processes.
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Below, Amy. Latin American Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.253.

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Latin American foreign policy has drawn the attention of scholars since the 1960s. Foreign policy–related literature began to surge in the 1980s and 1990s, with a focus on both economic and political development. As development in the region lagged behind that of its northern neighbors, Latin American had to rely on foreign aid, largely from the United States. In addition to foreign aid, two of the most prevalent topics discussed in the literature are trade/economic liberalization and regional economic integration (for example, Mercosur and NAFTA). During and after the Cold War, Latin America played a strategic foreign policy role as it became the object of a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union hoping to expand their power and/or contain that of the other. This role was also explored in a considerably larger body of research, along with the decision of Latin American nations to diversify their foreign relations in the post–Cold War era. Furthermore, scholars have analyzed different regions/countries that have become new and/or expanded targets of Latin American foreign policy, including the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Despite the substantial amount of scholarship that has accumulated over the years, a unified theory of Latin American foreign policy remains elusive. Future research should therefore focus on the development of a theory that incorporates the multiple explanatory variables that influence foreign policy formulation and takes into account their relative importance and the effects on each other.
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Jeswald W, Salacuse. 6 The Interpretation of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0006.

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This chapter addresses issues that arise in the interpretation of investment treaties and provides guidance on treaty interpretation. The interpretation of a treaty must take into account the ‘context’ of the treaty terms and the treaty’s object and purpose. It must also take into account subsequent agreement between the parties regarding the interpretation of the treaty as well as any subsequent practice in the application of the treaty. The chapter discusses the basic rules of interpretation found in Articles 31, 32, and 33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) and considers the sources and languages of treaty texts, as well as the use of arbitrations and judicial decisions and scholarly commentary in the interpretation process.
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Ross, Fentem. Part VI Remedies, 18 Remedies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705956.003.0018.

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This chapter considers the law on remedies for investor losses. It explains how the advice, recommendation, information, or opinion tendered by the financial adviser must be considered from three perspectives: that of the specific person, who is the object of the adviser's retainer; in respect of the specific purpose for which the advice was sought; and in reference to the specific transaction into which the individual enters in reliance on the advice given. It then discusses damages under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000; compensation for specific produces, including protection policies, pension products, mortgage products, and investment products; incidental heads of claim; regulatory remedies; judicial review of decisions of the FCA, the FSCS manager, and the FSO.
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Effingham, Nikk. Time Travel. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842507.001.0001.

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There are various arguments for the metaphysical impossibility of time travel, e.g. it’s impossible because objects could then be in two places at once, or it’s impossible because some objects could bring about their own existence. This book argues that no such argument is sound and that time travel is metaphysically possible. The main focus is on the Grandfather Paradox: if someone could go back in time, they could (impossibly!) kill their own grandfather before he met their grandmother, thus time travel is impossible. This book argues that, in such a case, the time traveller would have the ability to do the impossible (so they could kill their grandfather) even though those impossibilities will never come about (so they won’t kill their grandfather). The remainder of the book explores the ramifications of this view, discussing issues in probability and decision theory. It ends by laying out the dangers of time travel and why, even though no time machines currently exist, we should pay extra special care to ensure that nothing, no matter how small or microscopic, ever travels in time.
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Gilbert, Margaret. Two Realms of Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813767.003.0003.

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Theorists generally see rights as inhabiting one or both of two realms: the legal or more broadly institutional and the moral realm. This chapter offers broad working accounts of these realms, comparing and contrasting their denizens. Both law and morality involve systems of rules, including deontic rules. Deontic legal or institutional rules as such are abstract objects from which nothing follows about what anyone ought to do. In short, as such, these rules are not normative. In contrast, deontic moral rules are normative. Consideration of the normativity of personal decisions suggests that there is room for a realm of rights that is neither institutional nor moral.
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Treviño Pascual, Mariano. Trascender al derecho del trabajo : comprender el contrato de trabajo, que mantiene separados los elementos que une. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-125045-5-2.

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Esta investigación está precedida y se apoya por numerosas publicaciones preparatorias o adyacentes que implican la estructuración dogmática del mundo del hombre. Proponemos una estructura de sentido cuya singularidad está en que los lados opuestos, son puestos en relación, para que los fines no se disuelvan en objeto de síntesis, sino de coincidencia y que resumiré así: por un lado, la doctrina, los principios, la opinión; por otro, la decisión, el decreto, la sentencia...
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Grush, Rick, and Lisa Damm. Cognition and the Brain. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0012.

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The article explores the relationship between cognition and the brain. Some researches indicate that emotions provide information, anticipate future responses, influence reasoning strategy, index value, and direct attention toward particular objects but few psychologists have attempted to incorporate these results into an integrative general theory of cognition and emotion. Antonio Damasio claims that emotions are primarily representations of somatic states, including visceral and musculoskeletal, at the psychological level. The relationship between the event type and the associated emotional reaction is learned so that when the same type of event is encountered, or the same type of action considered, it can induce the corresponding emotion and the valance of that emotion can influence how the agent behaves in that situation. Damasio argued that somatic markers help facilitate reasoning by providing a rapid processing of potential decision outcomes based on immediate endorsement or rejection, which then helps constrain the decision-making space to a manageable size for which it becomes reasonable to employ more traditional means of evaluation such as cost-benefit analysis on the remaining options. Berthoz argued that the brain is a simulator of action and a generator of hypotheses such that anticipating and predicting the consequences of actions based on the remembered past is one of the basic properties of the brain.
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