Academic literature on the topic 'Obesity – Genetic aspects'

Obesity, a disease of both developed and developing countries, is spreading at an epidemic pace. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as an increase or abnormal accumulation of body fat mass to the extent that an individual’s health will be negatively affected. Overweight (i.e. body mass index [BMI] >25kg/m2) is considered to be a significant risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases. Environmental, behavioural, genetic and biological factors interact to cause obesity, which can be viewed as a set of phenotypes that evolve over time in stages that need to be precisely measured. This article provides a clinical viewpoint on some biological processes that may explain some of the stages in the development of human obesity, its chronic maintenance and the occurrence of complications, with a focus on brain structures, genetics, the profound alterations in adipose tissue biology and the recent revival in thinking in terms of brown adipose tissue.

Obesity is a multifactorial and complex health problem that is affected by several factors including genetic, environmental, social,behavioural, and biological aspects. Even though the influence of other environmental and behavioural factors such as sedentary lifestyle, high-calorie nutritional intake, and the inadequate expenditure of energy are acknowledged as important aspects that cause obesity, the issue of inheritance is indisputable. The study aims to investigate the effects of inheritance on obesity and examine how understanding and detecting genetic reasons behind obesity may benefit the treatment and prevention of the obesity epidemic. The relationship between common gene variants and obesity is now being studied through the emergence of GWAS. It is undeniable that genetic mutations and gene deficiencies particularly MC4R deficiency are significant factors. The process of detecting genes that create a tendency to obesity is currently being studied. It may be possible to prevent and treat obesity with the detection of certain genes.

The review provides current information of obesity in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases the leading cause of death. Showing the genetic basis for the development of metabolic syndrome. The question of external influence on genes, mutations in which lead to the development of obesity is determined. The question of the possible role of exogenous destroyers in the development of metabolic syndrome is considered. The main genes involved in monogenic and polygenic variants of obesity are identified. The review shows that to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to form risk groups and to take mandatory preventive activity in these groups. Pathogenetic significance determines the attention of clinicians to this pathology, and the molecular and genetic aspects of formation the cardiovascular diseases dictate the need for personalized medicine to predict and prevent, and pharmacogenetics to correct obesity, metabolic syndrome and the cardiovascular system as a whole.