Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Obesity and overweight'
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1
Suvan, J. E. "Overweight/obesity and periodontitis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1420934/.
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Obesity and Periodontitis are two common chronic inflammatory diseases. Based upon the hypothesis that obesity associated systemic inflammation may affect susceptibility to chronic infectious diseases like periodontitis, the aim of this PhD programme was to investigate the association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis. Five studies were conducted: 1) a systematic review to summarise the current evidence on the association including a quantitative meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for having periodontitis in overweight or obese individuals 2) a secondary analysis of individual patient data (n=333) ascertaining the association between overweight/obesity and the extent/severity and treatment response (2 months) of individuals with severe periodontitis 3) a case control analysis of 286 age-matched individuals to assess the odds of periodontitis diagnosis based on overweight or obese status, 4) a prospective cohort study (n=115) investigating the relationship between obesity and periodontal treatment clinical response, 5) a mechanistic study of twenty gingival specimens assessed for differential miRNAs expression between obese and normal weight individuals. Study 1 demonstrated a statistically significant association between overweight and obesity with diagnosis of periodontitis (ORs range= 1.8-2.3). In Study 2, obesity and overweight were statistically significant predictors of clinical periodontal response at 2 months (p<0.05) independently of dental plaque levels. Results from the Study 3 confirmed increased odds of diagnosis of periodontitis in overweight (OR=2.56) and obesity (OR=3.11) after adjusting for known confounders. Study 4 demonstrated that measures of body composition were predictors of poorer non-surgical periodontal treatment response (p<0.05). Study 5 confirmed statistically significant different miRNA signature profiles of gingival tissues between normal weight and obese individuals. In conclusion, this PhD programme provides evidence of a robust association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis prevalence, extent and severity, and treatment response. The results of this thesis support the classification of obesity as a risk indicator for periodontitis.
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Alexander-Cooper, Julie. "Overweight, obesity and weight management." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/26229.
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There is significant research evidence to demonstrate that physical activity can produce weight loss, weight maintenance and positive health effects in the overweight and obese. However, it can be difficult to get this population sufficiently active to achieve these benefits. This thesis reports on a series of studies that explore physical activity used alone and in conjunction with other weight management strategies. The primary aim was to gain a greater understanding about how weight loss and continued long term weight maintenance could be achieved. The first study was a systematic review on the dose of physical activity associated with weight loss and weight maintenance, it investigated if the current treatment dose was appropriate. The findings correlated with the recently published new CDC guidelines. In the second study, semi-structured interviews were employed to explore the attitudes and experiences of overweight and obese individuals towards weight loss and health. It was reported by participants that they prefer autonomy and personalisation to tailor weight loss and health strategies to their own lifestyles. It was also found that their knowledge base was confused and outdated. In the final study, a sample of overweight and obese adults took part in participatory action research with the aim to design and assess their own weight management programme. A multi-strategy weight management programme emerged that could be tailored to individual lifestyle. Tips and ideas were also devised to aid weight maintenance. This thesis found that the overweight and obese appeared to favour a multi-strategy weight management intervention that could be incorporated, personalised and tailored to their everyday lives. Physical activity (that was enjoyable, lifestyle or accomplished through accumulated bouts), dietary changes, education/improved knowledge base, support and weight monitoring all appeared to be important factors to aid weight management.
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Schetzina, Karen E., and William T. Dalton. "Update on Child Overweight and Obesity Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5021.
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Oldham, M. F. "Perceptions of weight status in overweight and obesity." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3015284/.
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Individuals with overweight and obesity frequently underestimate their weight status and underestimation is more pronounced in areas with high rates of obesity. After a literature review in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 examines whether male overweight and obesity is visually underestimated and whether exposure to heavier bodies results in greater underestimation. In Study 1, 1000 participants estimated the weight status of men with normal weight, overweight and obesity in an online survey. The weight status of men with overweight and obesity was frequently underestimated. In Study 2, 90 participants reported how the size of their male peers compared to an overweight male and estimated the weight status of 10 men with overweight and obesity in a paper based survey. Those with heavier peers were more likely to underestimate overweight and obesity. Finally in Study 3, 230 participants completed a between-subjects, online study in which they were exposed to men with normal weight or obese BMI's or control images before estimating the weight status of a male with overweight. Exposure to slimmer bodies reduced underestimation of overweight. Chapter 3 examines whether male and female overweight and obesity is visually underestimated and whether visual body size norms explain why exposure to heavier bodies increases underestimation of overweight. In Study 1, 91 participants estimated the weight status of men and women with normal weight, overweight or obesity in an online survey. Male and female overweight and obesity was frequently underestimated. In Study 2, 79 participants reported visual body size norms and estimated the weight status of men and women with overweight in an online survey. Those who perceived larger bodies as being normal were more likely to underestimate overweight. Finally in Study 3, 290 participants completed an online, between-subjects study in which they were exposed to men or women with healthy weight or obesity, reported visual body size norms and estimated the weight status of a man or woman with overweight. Those exposed to obesity reported larger body size norms and were more likely to underestimate overweight. Some research suggests underestimation of overweight could be a barrier to weight loss whilst other studies find that identifying as overweight is associated with weight gain over time. As such, Chapter 4 examines whether the psychosocial experience of feeling overweight affects eating behaviour. In Study 1, 120 women participated in a between-subjects study, they wore an obese body suit or control clothing in public or private settings before tasting and rating snack foods. Women who wore the body suit ate more than women who wore the control clothing, regardless of setting. In Study 2, 150 men and women wore an obese body suit or control clothing before tasting snack foods. Women who wore the obese body suit ate more than women who wore the control clothing. There was no effect of clothing on male consumption. We examined possible mediators of this effect but did not find supporting evidence. This thesis suggests that overweight is frequently visually underestimated due to increases in obesity increasing the range of bodies which are perceived as being normal. Furthermore, identifying as overweight may lead to increased snack food consumption, but it is not clear why this occurs. Future research should identify the mechanism explaining why feeling overweight can lead to increased consumption, as this would inform the inclusion of additional support in weight loss interventions.
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Al-Mannai, Awatif Mohammad Saif. "Studies of obesity in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360948.
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Young, Eliane M. "A psychological to understanding obesity, overweight and binge eating." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531946.
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Sehgal, Nishek. "Nutrimed healthcare clinic for treating childhood obesity and overweight." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105277.
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The prevalence of overweight and obese individuals has been a critical issue which has caused a worldwide concerns for the health threats, since it is burdened due to several linked diseases. This business plan proposes the establishment of a for-profit health clinic named NutriMed that provides a quality care and is mainly patient centered. This clinic provide the care to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children of the ages 5 to 19 years. The functioning of this clinic is based on Barlow et al approach for prevention and treatment of obesity using the multidisciplinary team effort, which consist of physician, dietitian, exercise expert, nurse and behavioral therapist. The goal of this health clinic is to improve the health in the Los Angles community especially for children. This is done by identifying the priorities and striving for a patient-centered and evidence based approach to care. While this plan acknowledges the challenges in serving indigent populations, the clinic will contract with Medi-Cal and commit to continuous fundraising efforts to remain financially sustainable in order to improve the health of vulnerable Angelino’s children.
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Dias, Vanessa Filipa Ferreira. "Body fat measurements: evaluating obesity and overweight in adolescents." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63778.
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Dias, Vanessa Filipa Ferreira. "Body fat measurements: evaluating obesity and overweight in adolescents." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63778.
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Sommers, Caitlin Helen. "Factors Influencing Youth Self-Perceptions of Overweight and Obesity." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1484.
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This study sought to examine whether participation in physical activity affects the ability to correctly classify body size, based on body mass index classifications. Secondarily, this study determined whether adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size overestimated or underestimated their size. Self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to examine relationships between self-perception of body size and physical activity, television viewing time, computer/video game use, physical education class time, and extracurricular sports activities. Significance was set to p<0.05. Physical activity was the only statistically significant independent variable (p=0.058, OR = 1.060). Although physical activity was shown to be statistically significant, it did not appear to meaningfully increase the ability of youth to correctly classify body size. Secondary analysis showed that adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size were more likely to underestimate their body size. Females more frequently underestimated their body size (females=673; males=384).
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Coenen, Gary J. "Weight management with obese and overweight people." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003coeneng.pdf.
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Nelson, Maika E. "Examination of adolescent physical activity and overweight levels /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd373.pdf.
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Brennan, Leah, and leah brennan@rmit edu au. "Cognitive behavioural evaluation and treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.141227.
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Despite increasing prevalence, significant negative biopsychosocial consequences, and few treatment options, overweight and obesity in adolescence has received very little attention in the scientific literature. The major objective of this research program was to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural (CBT) program in the treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity. Sixty three overweight or obese adolescents (28M, 35F) aged 11.5 to 18.9 years (M = 14.41, SD = 1.85) participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a CBT weight loss intervention. This comprehensive intervention program incorporated a range of CBT techniques aimed at assisting adolescents to establish and maintain healthy eating and physical activity habits. Treatment resulted in improved body composition post treatment and sustained or improved body composition following maintenance. Participation in a motivational interview (MI) prior to this CBT intervention did not influence treatment outcomes. Despite reductions in weight and body fat, lean body mass was not affected by the intervention, thus, treatment did not detrimentally effect linear growth and lean body tissue. Poor compliance with measurement protocols limits conclusions that can be drawn regarding the impact of treatment on eating and activity habits. However, results suggest that treatment resulted in a reduction in fat consumption, reduced saturated fat intake, and reduced time spent in sedentary activities. Increases in physical activity were not evident. The treatment seeking sample did not report elevated psychopathology levels and treatment did not impact on adolescent depression, anxiety, or stress. Adolescents receiving treatment reported improvements in disordered eating relative to those in the control condition. A secondary aim of this research program was to redress the limited information available on the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesit y. These factors were explored in community samples of adolescents (n = 161, M = 16.3, SD = I .8) and their parents, and young adults (n = 292, M = 19.7, SD = 2.0). In comparison to both normal and overweight adolescents, treatment seeking adolescents reported greater body dissatisfaction and weight. discontent. Body weight was not associated with psychopathology in the community samples and treatment seeking adolescents did not differ from normal or overweight adolescents from the community sample in terms of psychopathology. However, young adults who reported being overweight during childhood reported greater psychopathology as young adults. These findings suggest that excess weight in adolescence may have longer term rather than immediate effects on psychopathology. A number of family factors were associated with body weight in both adolescents and young adults. Combined, results indicated that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents and MI does not improve the efficac y of CBT. The current findings suggest that the impact of excess weight on psychosocial functioning is limited to body discontent and dissatisfaction in adolescence but is associated with increased psychopathology in early adulthood. Results also highlighted the importance of parents and family in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
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Loehr, Laura Ross Rosamond Wayne D. "The association of overweight and obesity with incident heart failure." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1946.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology from the School of Public Health." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Spear, Bonnie A., Sarah E. Barlow, Chris Ervin, David S. Ludwig, Brian E. Saelens, Karen E. Schetzina, and Elsie M. Taveras. "Recommendations for Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5100.
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In this article, we review evidence about the treatment of obesity that may have applications in primary care, community, and tertiary care settings. We examine current information about eating behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and sedentary behaviors that may affect weight in children and adolescents. We also review studies of multidisciplinary behavior-based obesity treatment programs and information about more aggressive forms of treatment. The writing group has drawn from the available evidence to propose a comprehensive 4-step or staged-care approach for weight management that includes the following stages: (1) Prevention Plus; (2) structured weight management; (3) comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention; and (4) tertiary care intervention. We suggest that providers encourage healthy behaviors while using techniques to motivate patients and families, and interventions should be tailored to the individual child and family. Although more intense treatment stages will generally occur outside the typical office setting, offices can implement less intense intervention strategies. We not ony address specific patient behavior goals but also encourage practices to modify office systems to streamline office-based care and to prepare to coordinate with professionals and programs outside the office for more intensive interventions.
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He, Qing, and 何淸. "Childhood obesity: definition, risk factors and consequences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240252.
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He, Qing. "Childhood obesity : definition, risk factors and consequences /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21904145.
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McPherson, Kerri E. "Psychological correlates of overweight in a group of Scottish men." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251929.
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Tate, Deborah F. "Development and Evaluation of Internet Interventions for Obesity Treatment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40491.
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Development of Internet weight loss programs may be a viable method for reducing the public health burden of obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Internet for delivery of weight control programs. Participants (10M, 81F; age=40.9; BMI=29.0) were randomly assigned to receive Internet Behavior Therapy (IBT, n=46) or an Internet Education program (IEd, n=45). Participants in IEd were given an initial face-to-face meeting and directed to weight loss related websites they could use to develop their own weight loss program, but were given no further help to do this. Participants in IBT received this meeting, access to the same website resources plus additional behavioral procedures, all delivered via Internet and e-mail, including a sequence of weekly behavioral weight loss lessons; prompting for submission of weekly self-monitoring diaries; personalized feedback; and an on-line bulletin board for social support.
Attrition (15%) was not different between conditions. Weight losses measured at 12 weeks were significantly greater for IBT (-9.0 lbs ± 5.9lbs) than IEd (-2.98 lbs ± 5.7lbs; p<.001). Furthermore, significantly more participants in IBT lost ⠥ 1 pound per week (32% IBT vs. 13% ISH; p<.05). Participants in IBT also logged into the website significantly more often than those in IEd (19.7 ± 10.3 times vs. 9.6 ± 10.5 times; p<.001). Simply providing access to weight loss related websites produced minimal weight loss. However, an Internet program incorporating behavioral procedures appears a promising new weight loss approach.Ph. D.
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Ippisch, Holly M. "Associations Between Overweight and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Overweight Children and Adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163795487.
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Courcier, Emily. "Investigating the epidemiology of companion animal overweight/obesity in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4381/.
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Obesity is recognised as the leading cause of malnutrition in cats and dogs (Legrand-Defretin 1994) and is reported to be one of the most important and frequently seen welfare issues in small animal practice (Yeates and Main 2011). Despite the recognised burden of overweight/obesity on the companion animal population, a review of the published literature identified several gaps. This thesis aimed to address three of the those gaps. Gap A: No published national prevalence estimates for cats, dogs and rabbits in Great Britain were available and no studies had explored whether prevalence varied across Great Britain. Chapter 3 and 4 estimated the national prevalence of overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits to be 11.5%, 25% and 7.6% respectively. After adjusting for differences in demographics between locations, there was a significantly higher prevalence of canine overweight/obesity in Scotland compared to England and Wales. But no spatial variations were found in the prevalence of feline overweight/obesity within Great Britain. Gap B: There was a lack of consistency in the risk factors found to be associated with overweight/obesity between previous published studies and no assessment of the impact of various risk factors on the prevalence of canine and feline overweight/obesity was apparent in the literature. Non modifiable risk factors identified for dogs in Chapter 3 included being female, neutered status, and age with peak of risk at 5 to 8 years of age. These effects were independent of location. Chapter 4 identified neutered status, being male and middle age (around 7 years) as feline non modifiable risk factors. Neutered status was the only significant risk factor found for rabbit overweight. Chapter 5 and 7 expanded the canine and feline overweight/obesity risk factor analyses to include modifiable risk factors. Risk factors for canine overweight/obesity (Chapter 5) identified were owner income, owner age, frequency of snacks and treats and hours of exercise the dog received each week. For cats (Chapter7), the significant risk factors were frequency of feeding and neutered status. The calculated population attributable risks (Chapter 3 and 4) showed possible differences in the impact of non modifiable risk factors between cats and dogs. For cats, neutered status was the most important factor whereas in dogs age and neutered status were equally important. Gap C: Misperception of body shape has been recognised to play an important role in human obesity management. Previous studies had only described owner misperception of pet body shape as a risk factor for obesity/overweight. The objective of Chapter 6 and, in part, Chapter 7 was to explore the concept of owner misperception of canine and feline body shape. Owners of cats and dogs appeared to “normalise” their animal’s body shape i.e owners of overweight animals were more likely to think their pet was an ideal shape rather than overweight and owners of underweight animals were more likely to think they were an ideal shape rather than underweight. Risk factors identified for misperception in dog owners were gender of owner and age of the dog. Only one risk factor was identified for misperception by cat owners; that is whether the cat was long haired or not. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits is widespread. Despite the limitations of these data, the results show the complexity of risk factors that contribute to overweight/obesity in companion animals and highlight areas for future research.
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Martinez, Sabrina Sales. "Overweight/Obesity and HIV Disease Progression in HIV+ Adults in Botswana." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1826.
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Studies indicate that overweight and obesity protect against HIV-disease progression in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients. We examined retrospectively the relationship of overweight/obesity with HIV-disease progression in ART-naïve HIV+ adults in Botswana in a case-control study with 18-month follow-up, which included 217 participants, 139 with BMI 18.0-24.9 kg/m2 and 78 with BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Archived plasma samples were used to determine inflammatory markers: leptin and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO).
At baseline, BMI was inversely associated with risk for AIDS-defining conditions (HR=0.218; 95%CI=0.068, 0.701, P=0.011), and higher fat mass was associated with reduced risk of the combined outcome of CD4+cell count ≤250/µL and AIDS-defining conditions, whichever occurred earlier (HR=0.918; 95%CI=0.847, 0.994, P=0.036) over 18 months, adjusting for age, gender, marriage, children, and baseline CD4+cell count and HIV-viral load.
FTO-SNP rs17817449 was associated with BMI (OR=1.082; 95%CI=1.001, 1.169; P=0.047). Fat mass was associated with the risk alleles of rs1121980 (OR=1.065; 95%CI=1.009, 1.125, P=0.021), rs8050136 (OR=1.078; 95%CI=1.021, 1.140; P=0.007), and rs17817449 (OR=1.086; 95%CI=1.031, 1.145; P=0.002), controlling for age, gender, tribe, total energy intake, and activity. There were no associations of SNPs with markers of disease progression.
Leptin levels were positively associated with BMI (β=1.764; 95%CI=0.788, 2.739; P=0.022) and fat mass (β=0.112; 95%CI=0.090, 0.135; P<0.001), but inversely with viral load (β=-0.305; 95%CI=-0.579, -.031; P=0.030). LPS levels were inversely associated with BMI (OR=0.790, 95%CI=0.630, 0.990; P=0.041), and fat mass (OR=0.852, 95%CI=0.757, 0.958; P=0.007) and directly with viral load (OR=2.608, 95%CI=1.111, 6.124; P=0.028), adjusting for age, gender, smoking and %fat mass.
In this cohort, overweight/obesity predicted slower HIV-disease progression. Obesity may confer an advantage in maintaining fat stores to support the overactive immune system. FTO-SNPs may contribute to the variation in fat mass; however, they were not associated with HIV-disease progression. Our findings suggest that the obesity paradox may be explained by the association of increased LPS with lower BMI and higher viral load; while viral load decreased with increasing leptin levels. Studies in African populations are needed to clarify whether genetic variation and inflammation mediate the obesity paradox in HIV-disease progression.
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Bond, David Joseph. "Neurobiological correlates of overweight and obesity in people with bipolar disorder." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45243.
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Up to 75% of people with bipolar disorder (BD) are overweight or obese, and these patients suffer more severe psychiatric symptoms than normal-weight patients, including more frequent depressions, more suicide attempts, lower response rates to pharmacotherapy, and greater cognitive impairment. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition that damages numerous body organs and is causally linked to the development of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. BD is fundamentally a brain illness, and this, along with converging evidence from human and animal studies suggesting that the brain is a target organ for obesity-related damage, compelled me to investigate obesity-related neurobiological changes early in BD.
I found that at recovery from their first manic episode, there was no difference between BD patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects in mean body mass index (BMI) or rates of overweight or obesity. Nonetheless, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that overweight/obese patients had reduced white matter and temporal lobe volumes compared to normal-weight patients. WM reductions are characteristic of early-stage BD, while temporal lobe reductions are frequently reported later in the illness. These findings thus suggested a testable hypothesis: that the neuropathology of BD is exacerbated with elevated BMI. Subsequent investigations supported this hypothesis. A voxel-based analysis of regional brain volumes revealed that BMI-related volume reductions primarily affected frontal, temporal, and subcortical emotion-generating and –regulating brain areas implicated in BD. Moreover, MR spectroscopy showed that overweight/obese patients had reduced hippocampal N-acetylaspartate concentrations compared to normal-weight patients. Similar findings were not detected in overweight/obese healthy subjects, who had reduced occipital lobe grey matter volume and no neurochemical alterations.
These are the first data to establish a relationship between elevated BMI and neurobiological alterations in BD, or any psychiatric illness. They demonstrate that elevated BMI is associated with unique brain changes early in BD that negatively impact regions believed to be vulnerable in the illness. This immediately suggests an explanation for the more severe illness course experienced by obese BD patients, and creates a compelling argument for examining the neurobiological impact of obesity in other mental illnesses with high obesity rates, such as major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.
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Stein, Janine, Melanie Luppa, Ulrike Ruzanska, Claudia Sikorski, Hans-Helmut König, and Steffi G. Riedel-Heller. "Measuring negative attitudes towards overweight and obesity in the German population." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-157787.
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Objective: Obesity is one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Obese individuals are often stigmatized and the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity are the subject of current research. To detect stigmatizing attitudes towards obese people, the Fat Phobia Scale (FPS) was developed in the USA in
the early nineties. In addition, the 14-item short form of the FPS was constructed. The FPS belongs to the most commonly used instruments for measuring negative attitudes towards obese people because of its good psychometric properties. For the recently developed German short form of the FPS, however, the comprehensive investigation of the psychometric properties and the determination of reference values are still pending. Thus, the main objectives of this study were the evaluation of the psychometric quality of the scale as well as the calculation of reference values. Methods: The study was based on a representative survey in the German general population. A sample of 1,657 subjects (18–94 years) was assessed via structured telephone interviews including the 14-item German version of the FPS. Descriptive
statistics and inference-statistical analyses were conducted. Reference values in terms of percentage ranks were calculated. Results: Substantial evidence for the reliability and validity of the German short
version of the FPS was found. This study, for the first time in Germany, provides age-specific reference values for the German short form of the FPS allowing the interpretation of individual test scores. Conclusion: Facing the far-reaching consequences of experienced stigmatization of obese individuals, these study results provide an important basis for further studies aiming at the investigation of negative attitudes towards overweight and obesity.
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Thomas, Kerri Nicole. "An investigation of the pertinent factors associated with overweight and obesity." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2012. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/46cb654c7af975b064e40ec7571134c11cc8ed5f62f6ebb87b0d27d54f25c5f4/2700162/65107_downloaded_stream_332.pdf.
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The prevalence of obesity is increasing at such an alarming rate worldwide that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared it a global epidemic. Recent epidemiological data from WHO forecasts that by 2015, approximately 2.3 billion people will be overweight or clinically obese. Obesity is stigmatised on both health and aesthetic grounds, and is associated with serious health impairments, psychosocial consequences, and a shortened life span. As a result, eating pathology has become a central focus of current health prevention. Adding further strain to the pandemic is the pervasive finding that obesity is largely resistant to treatment. Research has shown that losing 5-10% of body weight produces significant physical and psychosocial effects, provided the weight-loss is maintained. However, extant research has consistently found that weight-loss is almost always regained over time. Participants in obesity treatment programs typically regain approximately 50% in the first year following the cessation of treatment, and by three to five years following treatment, 80% of participants have regained all of the weight lost, and have frequently exceeded their pre-treatment weight. These results have necessitated new approaches to the treatment of obesity. Recent research has revealed that targeting the psychological factors associated with body weight and training individuals in acceptance and mindfulness skills have been effective for weight-loss. The aims of this thesis were twofold. First, it aimed to investigate the pertinent factors that are associated with overweight and obesity. Second, it aimed to examine the efficacy of a pilot obesity treatment program using dialectical behaviour therapy principles. Three studies are included in this thesis. First, a broad range of biological, social, environmental, and psychological factors that have been shown to be associated with body weight were explored. The results from Study 1 indicated that the psychological influences on body weight were the most pertinent factors differentiating healthy weight individuals from overweight and obese individuals. In particular, overweight and obese individuals demonstrated lower levels of self efficacy for weight related and health behaviours, greater difficulty in controlling overeating in response to negative affect and to different social contexts. Moreover, overweight and obese participants were shown to be less likely to employ self monitoring techniques. Subsequently, Study 2 investigated additional psychological factors by examining whether there were differences between healthy weight individuals and overweight and obese individuals with regard to self-esteem, body esteem, and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. The findings from this study revealed that body esteem was the most prominent factor distinguishing healthy weight individuals from their overweight or obese counterparts. Thereafter, the results of Study 1 and Study 2 formed the rationale for the development of a pilot DBT-informed obesity treatment program using six case studies. Study 3 investigated whether dialectical behaviour therapy may be useful in addressing these psychological factors to achieve slow weight-loss that can be maintained over time. There were four main findings from this study. First, the trend in scores highlighted a positive link between body esteem and weight-loss. As participants lost weight over time, their satisfaction with body weight and appearance also increased. Second, five out of six participants demonstrated an increase in self-monitoring, which suggests that self-monitoring of weight and health-related behaviours is relevant to weight-loss. Third, the results reveal that a two-day workshop is insufficient time to adequately address the negative emotions that individuals reported experiencing. Finally, five out of six participants demonstrated weight-loss between baseline and six-months post-treatment. Notably, two participants from the treatment group reported substantial weight-loss of nine kilograms and twelve kilograms. Participants in the active control group reported small weight-loss of two kilograms, three kilograms, and five kilograms, respectively. These results suggest that the treatment had some impact on weight-loss, although it is unknown which aspect of the treatment that may be. It is recommended that future research use a randomised controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a DBT-informed of longer duration with a large sample size, expert DBT clinicians facilitating the treatment groups, and exclude comorbid mental health disorders. While it is expected that obesity treatments will continue to improve, a focus on prevention and early intervention is recommended to halt the current global obesity epidemic.
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Harrell, Dale E. "Assessment of Air Force Providers Adherence to Overweight and Obesity Guidelines." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1459944878.
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Sullivan, Daniel. "Association Between Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets and Overweight and Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/963.
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Overweight and obesity and associated health risks have become epidemic in several regions around the world. Numerous studies have addressed the dietary habits of vegetarians and vegans in terms of disease prevention and nutritional deficiencies but the relationship between overweight and obesity and the demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, and dietary intake of omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans has received less attention. Guided by the social-ecological model, this study included a cross-sectional, quantitative, anonymous web-based survey to obtain dietary information on omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans. Vegans demonstrated a significantly lower mean and median body mass index ( p=0.00) than omnivores, semi-vegetarians, and vegetarians. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the odds of overweight (OR=0.41; p=1.14) and obesity (OR=0.47; p=0.28) in vegans compared to omnivores. Alcohol was significantly protective against obesity for both 1-2 (OR=0.33; p=0.03) and 3-30 (OR=0.20; p=0.01) days drinking per month while binge drinking significantly increased the odds of obesity (OR=4.44; p=0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis stratified for levels of exercise revealed an interaction between diet and exercise. A vegan diet was significantly protective against obesity for low-level exercise in terms of frequency (OR=0.31; p=0.02 ) and total minutes per week (OR=0.23; p=0.02) compared to omnivores. Coupled with prior studies these results may contribute to positive social change by facilitating a broad-based paradigm shift in the view of diet and exercise as well as providing evidence that can be implementated in broad-based obesity control programs to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.
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Newman, Kathy L. "Parenting behaviors and early adolescent obesity." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/newman.pdf.
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Sheu, Jiunn-jye. "Psychosocial antecedents of selected dietary behaviors among sixth grade Taiwanese children /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Edmunds, Laurel Devina. "Primary prevention in children at risk of obesity as adults." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302539.
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Al-Tayyar, Ahmed H. "Obesity & overweight epidemic : an innovative approach to understanding & addressing obesity In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112059.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Page 129 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-122).
Obesity and overweight are complex global issues that have been and continue to be a significant problem that needs to be addressed. Understanding obesity and overweight are fundamental to finding practical and sustainable solutions. Innovation has different meanings to different people and can be applied in many different sectors in varying forms and at different levels. Innovation in healthcare is no longer a luxury but rather a necessity. In this thesis, we review some concepts of interest to healthcare innovation briefly and also examine the topic of obesity and overweight from a global perspective and with a focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We review global obesity and overweight and then focus on obesity and overweight in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We also reflect on the work of Prof. Clayton Christensen "Jobs to be Done Theory" and how it can help address innovation in the healthcare system and in particular applying it to the general concept of tackling obesity. The thesis highlights a critical understanding of obesity based mostly on the work of Jason Fung, MD in his recent book titled "The Obesity Code: Unlocking the Secrets of Weight Loss." A novel integrated solution for tackling obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be proposed incorporating insights from the research material on both innovation and obesity with the utilization of concepts gained from the System Design and Management program at MIT. The concept of innovation in the healthcare setting is shown to be instrumental in creating an opportunity for higher quality, cheaper and faster delivery of health services heavily dependent on the work of Prof. Clayton Christensen. Also, we highlight the need for an innovative integrated solution at different levels of the system including the individual level and institute level and finally the national levels. We believe there is a genuine need to approach innovation in the healthcare setting at the different establishments within the healthcare system and the importance of cross-pollinated innovation teams.
by Ahmed H. Al-Tayyar.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Murphy, Emily C. S. "The effect of aerobic exercise on endothelial dysfunction in overweight children." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5505.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 141 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gemmell, Tracy. "Childhood obesity : the perceptions & experiences of overweight children & their parents." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/childhood-obesity-the-perceptions-and-experiences-of-overweight-children-and-their-parents(52d371af-611d-4c55-98ea-9769a872e7d9).html.
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Childhood obesity continues to grow in the UK despite multiple prevention and intervention strategies. Research on childhood obesity has tended to focus on quantitative research with parents of overweight children, however recently there has been some qualitative studies done with parents and research is beginning to emerge with overweight children themselves. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to draw together the available qualitative research with parents and to undertake an original piece of qualitative research with overweight children. Paper one is a meta-synthesis of qualitative papers examining parents’ perceptions, experiences, beliefs and attitudes to parenting their overweight child. This review involved four phases; systematically searching the literature, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, undertaking a quality appraisal of the studies and synthesising the findings. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and two over-arching themes were identified; ambivalence and responsibility. Ambivalence encompassed the sub-themes recognition, parents’ own weight history, uncertainty, and feeding and emotion. The sub-themes resources, attribution and parenting difficulties formed the over-arching theme of responsibility. These findings are discussed in relation to the importance of including parents in childhood weight management interventions and suggestions about what these programmes should focus on in order to be effective. The second paper is an original research study which explored overweight children’s perceptions of their size, and how this affected their self-view. Six participants, aged 8-12, were interviewed and the data was analysed using a combination of Thematic Analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four themes labelled; recognition, self-view, beliefs about exercise and weight loss, and making sense of eating were identified. The over-arching theme labelled minimisation was found to run through the other themes. These finding are discussed in relation to previous studies, along with their clinical implications and the possible directions for future research. The final paper is a critical appraisal which outlines my experiences of carrying out qualitative research with overweight children and their families. It outlines why I chose this project, and my observations and reflections on undertaking the study. It also discusses what I have learnt from the experience and what I will take forward into my career as a clinical psychologist. Finally it discusses the findings from the thesis as a whole and the possible clinical implications and directions for future research.
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Southwell, Olivia. "A qualitative study of maternal perceptions of overweight and obesity in children." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503672.
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Previous studies have found that mothers of overweight children report low levels of concern and consistently underestimate the weight of their child. A significant limitation of these studies is that they have failed to offer an explanation as to why this underestimation may occur and how it might be linked to maternal perceptions of overweight in children. The aim was to develop a theoretical framework for understanding maternal perceptions of overweight and obesity in children. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with twelve mothers recruited via the paediatrician or local weight management group both in the North-West of England. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using grounded theory methodology. A theoretical understanding of maternal perceptions of overweight and obesity in children was developed using five related categories: 'feeding practices', 'minimising severity', 'concerns about weight', 'control' and 'resilience'. Results support findings uncovered in previous research and also expand on these findings by offering explanations about the psychological mechanisms that may mediate maternal misperceptions of overweight.
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Thayer, Amy Nichole. "Community Matters: The Exploration of Overweight and Obesity within the Lesbian Population." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29551.
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Obesity in the United States has increased dramatically during the past 40 years. Women are more at risk than men to be obese; and, a lesbian sexual identity further increases a womanâ s likelihood of being overweight or obese. This dissertation includes the following components: 1) a review of factors influencing overweight and obesity in lesbians, 2) an ethnographic inquiry examining how lesbian culture and a lesbian sexual identity contribute to a womanâ s body weight, and 3) the development of a lesbian-specific tool based on factors identified during the ethnography that predicts eating, physical activity, and weight status.
The literature review, informed by the Social Ecological Model, investigated potentially contributing factors of overweight and obesity in lesbians. This review revealed a small body of literature dedicated to lesbiansâ physical activity and eating behaviors; additionally, weight-influencing social-cultural elements of lesbian communities were identified. This body of literature suggests that specific personal, social, and environmental factors negatively influence lesbiansâ weight, although there is not much known about this communityâ s PA and eating behaviors, as overall behavior-specific findings, were equivocal. However, the following gaps in the literature were identified: lesbiansâ self-efficacy in PA and healthy eating, and effects on these behaviors as determined by their membership in lesbian subcultures.
An ethnographic inquiry examined how a lesbian sexual identity contributes to body weight, attempted to fill a need in the current literature, and was driven by the following questions: 1) How does this lesbian social community serve as a context for its lesbian members to understand body weight? 2) What is the relationship between womenâ s lesbian identities and their body weight? 3) What sub-cultural customs exist that permit or prohibit healthy eating and physical activity by women in this lesbian community? Participant observation, the primary method of data collection, uncovered the following themes: 1) Valuing Weight, 2) Coping and Socializing Behavior, and 3) Living within an Inconsistent Environment. Social Cognitive Theory assisted in interpreting how and why lesbians create innovative ways to appreciate diverse body weights and provided directives for measurement domains when investigating overweight in this community.
Informed by the previous projects, the Lesbian Overweight and Obesity Questionnaire (The LOOQ) was developed as a tool to measure potential influences on PA, fat intake, and dietary consumption, which assist in predicting body mass index (BMI) within the lesbian community. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity demonstrated encouraging results; all but two (i.e., 2/27) subscales demonstrated adequate to high internal consistency (Cronbachâ s Alphas= 0.61-0.97) and reliable test-retest scores (r=0.61-0.92). The LOOQ displayed predictive validity with subscale scores predicting outcome behaviors, which predicted BMI scores.Ph. D.
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Callahan, Katie. "Assessing the Social and Ecological Factors that Influence Childhood Overweight and Obesity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2454.
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The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in the United States. Currently more than 1 in 3 children aged 2-19 are overweight or obese. This is of major concern because childhood overweight and obesity leads to chronic conditions such as type II diabetes and tracks into adulthood, where more severe adverse health outcomes arise. In this study I used the premise of the social ecological model (SEM) to analyze the common levels that a child is exposed to daily; the intrapersonal level, the interpersonal level, the school level, and the community level to better understand what risk factors are significantly associated with child weight status. Data came from the 2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (n=41,361). Frequencies and confidence intervals were used to describe risk factors at each level. Bivariate analyses were conducted between each risk factor and the outcome variable. Using all risk factors that were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in the bivariate analyses, multinomial logistic regressions were performed for each SEM level. The 4 SEM levels were then analyzed together using stagewise multinomial logistic regression. A significance level cutoff of 0.05 was applied to all analyses. Thirty-three percent of participants were overweight or obese. Child sex, race, age, child physical activity participation, mother’s education and health, the child’s family structure, the child’s participation in extracurricular activities, frequency of family meals at home, safety and engagement in school, the number of amenities and the safety and support within their communities were found to be significantly associated with child weight status. The odds ratios of the covariates in the final stagewise model were similar to those in each individual model. Understanding both the risk factors associated with child overweight and obesity in each individual level and in the complete socio-ecological perspective is important when working toward more effective policy and program creation and the reduction of childhood obesity. Recognizing that all levels of a child's SEM influence his or her likelihood of being overweight or obese can lead to more effective strategies that tackle multiple SEM levels collectively instead of each level independently.
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Johnson, Allissa Johnson. "Using Nutrition and Fitness Awareness to Reduce Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3107.
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In the United States, adolescent obesity rates continue to increase unabated, yet there is a paucity of programs to address these conditions for this population. The current study evaluated an after-school program in California high schools that uses a mentoring model with youth to promote regular exercise and healthy food choices. It is grounded in Social Cognitive Theory which focuses on both the impact of the environment on shaping behaviors and the ability of an individual to construct his or her own suitable environment. A quantitative single-group pretest-posttest design using archived participant responses was utilized in order to determine whether the program was effective in changing nutrition and fitness behaviors. Data from The Food Behavior Checklist, The Perceived Self-Descriptive Questionnaire, and the Nutrition Knowledge Checklist (N = 93) was used to obtain the answers to 5 research hypotheses. Paired sample t-tests and mediational analyses (using multiple regression) were conducted. The findings showed that participants in the program increased fruit and vegetable consumption, levels of physical activity, and the quality of their diet but had no significant effect on their perception of general fitness. It is clear that programs such as this one can be effective in altering the health behaviors of adolescents. The results of this study will positively contribute to social change by providing empirical support for the effectiveness of an intervention to improve nutrition and fitness activities in adolescents and modeling healthy behaviors to families and communities in an effort to reduce not only early-age mortality but also the increased health care costs associated with obesity.
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Davidson, Kamila. "Early identification of childhood overweight and obesity: The wicked problem in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206180/1/Kamila_Davidson_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated how to improve early identification of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia. In a series of three studies, this research applied behavioural change theory to examine determinants to assessing children’s weight status in primary health care. The recommendations provided in this thesis aim to affect policy and practice so that children can be better supported in maintaining and improving their health and wellbeing.
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Ochner, Christopher N. Lowe Michael R. "Asymmetric brain activation : relation to binge eating in overweight subjects /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1113.
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Vejnar, Sharon Trower. "Parents' perspectives and barriers regarding childhood overweight." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3028.
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The purpose of this project was to explore parent perceptions about their children's weight and the perceived barriers to implementing healthy eating habits and patterns of physical activity for their children.
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Hayden, Wade Helen A. "A proposed psychosocial consequences model of childhood obesity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044785.
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Ottino, González Jonatan. "Overweight, Allostatic Load and Neuroimaging." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666987.
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Overweight and stress interact in complex ways. Excess weight promotes chronic low-grade inflammatory states that can mobilise the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis activation resulting from frequent stress situations can modify energy uptake and expenditure. Separately, both conditions have been linked to changes in brain integrity and executive performance. The organism adapts to situations of caloric surplus through boosting immune, neuroendocrine and cardiometabolic systems to restore energy homeostasis. The allostatic load model establishes that the cumulative effects of adapting to challenging scenarios may result in adverse health situations in the future. There is sufficient evidence to consider that a state of overweight is inherently linked to a higher chronic physiological stress, or allostatic load. Our hypothesis was that, independently of the effects of visceral adiposity, the aggregated effects of the biological alterations related to overweight would be enough detrimental to brain structure and executive functioning. Lean-to-obese volunteers aged 21 to 40 years were recruited from primary health care centres belonging to the Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa. Subjects underwent a medical and neuropsychological examination, as well as a magnetic resonance imaging acquisition at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. The allostatic load index consisted of the sum of several biomarkers representing physiological stress. Overweight subjects had a greater allostatic load than healthy weight participants. The allostatic load escalation was negatively correlated with the morphology of cortical areas and tracts known to be ascribed to circuits involved in cognitive control, reward-processing and the integration of visceral-sensory signalling. Finally, the intensification in this index correlated with worse cognitive flexibility.El sobrepès i l'estrès interactuen de formes complexes. L'excés de pes promou estats inflamatoris crònics de baix grau que poden mobilitzar l'eix hipotalàmic-pituitari-adrenal (HPA). L'activació de l'eix HPA resultant de situacions d'estrès freqüents pot modificar la captació i la despesa d'energia. Les dues condicions s'han vinculat per separat a canvis en la integritat cerebral i l'acompliment executiu. L'organisme s'adapta a situacions de superàvit calòric a través de impulsar sistemes immunes, neuroendocrins i cardiometabòlics per restaurar l'homeòstasi energètica. El model de càrrega alostàtica estableix que els efectes acumulatius de l'adaptació a escenaris desafiadors poden resultar en situacions adverses per a la salut en el futur. Hi ha evidència suficient per a considerar que un estat de sobrepès està inherentment vinculat a un major estrès fisiològic crònic, o càrrega alostàtica. La nostra hipòtesi va ser que, independentment dels efectes de l'adipositat visceral, els efectes agregats de les alteracions biològiques relacionades amb l'excés de pes resultarien suficientment perjudicials per a la estructura cerebral i el funcionament executiu. Es van reclutar voluntaris amb normopès i sobrepès amb edats compreses entre els 21 i els 40 anys de centres d'atenció primària de salut pertanyents al Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa. Els subjectes es van sotmetre a un examen mèdic i neuropsicològic, així com a l'adquisició d'imatges per ressonància magnètica a l'Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. L'índex de càrrega alostàtica va consistir en la suma de diversos biomarcadors representant estrès fisiològic. Els subjectes amb sobrepès van presentar major càrrega alostàtica que els participants de pes saludable. L'escalada de càrrega alostàtica es va correlacionar negativament amb la morfologia d'àrees corticals i tractes coneguts per estar adscrits a circuits implicats en el control cognitiu, el processament de recompenses i la integració de la senyalització visceral-sensorial. Finalment, la intensificació en l'esmentat índex va correlacionar amb una pitjor flexibilitat cognitiva.
El sobrepeso y el estrés interactúan de formas complejas. El exceso de peso promueve estados inflamatorios crónicos de bajo grado que pueden movilizar el eje hipotalámico- pituitario-adrenal (HPA). La activación del eje HPA resultante de situaciones de estrés frecuentes puede modificar la captación y el gasto de energía. Ambas condiciones se han vinculado por separado a cambios en la integridad cerebral y el desempeño ejecutivo. El organismo se adapta a situaciones de superávit calórico a través de varias modificaciones fisiológicas. Esto incluye impulsar sistemas inmunes, neuroendocrinos y cardiometabólicos para restaurar la homeostasis energética. El modelo de carga alostática establece que los efectos acumulativos de la adaptación a escenarios desafiantes pueden resultar en situaciones adversas para la salud en el futuro. Existe evidencia suficiente para considerar que un estado de sobrepeso está inherentemente vinculado a un mayor estrés fisiológico crónico, o carga alostática. Nuestra hipótesis fue que, independientemente de los efectos de la adiposidad visceral, los efectos agregados de las alteraciones biológicas relacionadas con el sobrepeso resultarían suficientemente perjudiciales para la estructura cerebral y el funcionamiento ejecutivo. Se reclutaron voluntarios con normopeso y sobrepeso con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y los 40 años de centros de atención primaria de salud pertenecientes al Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa. Los sujetos se sometieron a un examen médico y neuropsicológico, así como a la adquisición de imágenes por resonancia magnética en el Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. El índice de carga alostática consistió en la suma de varios biomarcadores que representan estrés fisiológico. Los sujetos con sobrepeso presentaron mayor carga alostática que los participantes de peso saludable. La escalada de carga alostática se correlacionó negativamente con la morfología de áreas corticales y tractos conocidos por estar adscritos a circuitos implicados en el control cognitivo, el procesamiento de recompensas y la integración de la señalización visceral-sensorial. Finalmente, la intensificación en dicho índice correlacionó con una peor flexibilidad cognitiva.
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Johnson, Leslee M. "ADHD Symptomology and Overweight Among College Men." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103337/.
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood disorder that often persists into adulthood. Among adults, ADHD is highly comorbid with addictive behaviors (e.g., substance abuse and dependence), and depressive disorders. Recently, an association between ADHD and obesity has been reported in the literature; emotional and binge eating may be “addictive behaviors” that contribute to weight gain in this population. The purpose of this study was to test competing models of the hypothesized link between ADHD symptomology and overweight. Specifically, in Model 1, symptoms of depression are expected to mediate the relationship between symptoms of impulsivity and inattention and emotional and binge eating which, in turn, leads to weight gain (i.e., increased BMI). In Model 2, however, the impulsive symptoms have direct relationships with emotional and binge eating in addition to being mediated by depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test how the models fit the data of 790 college men. Both models fit the data well, with Model 2 being preferred because of its greater connection to theory. All paths were significant indicating that increased impulsive and inattentive symptoms predicted increased symptoms of depression that, in turn, predicted increased emotional/binge eating, which has a direct and positive relationship with increased BMI. Moreover, impulsive symptoms were also directly related to emotional/binge eating, suggesting different paths to overweight across ADHD subtypes. The findings of the current study elucidate the links between ADHD symptoms and overweight (i.e., increased BMI).
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Hughes, Joyce M. "Factors influencing successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance in slimming clubs." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265263.
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Gerardo, Rodrigo. "Docosahexaenoic acid status and blood lipids in overweight/obese pregnant women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368024685.
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Chang, Catherina. "Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Preschoolers in Miami-Dade County." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3171.
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Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight in the United States continues to be a national public health problem. The child care and household environments play an important role in the nutrition, physical activity, and screen-time behaviors of preschoolers. Aims: This dissertation aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3-5 year old children enrolled in child care centers in Miami-Dade County; (2) identify early life, dietary, and screen-time risk factors of overweight, and (3) assess child care centers' level of adherence to nutrition, physical activity, and screen-time regulations by center socioeconomic location (SEP). Methods: A total of 366 children ages 3-5 years old from 34 child care centers participated in the study. Caregivers completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic, early life, dietary, and screen-time factors. We measured children's heights and weights. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between child overweight and determinants. Results: the prevalence of overweight was 29.8% in this sample. The middle-SEP group had the highest prevalence of overweight (35.3%) when compared to low and high-SEP groups. Being Hispanic was associated with a three-fold risk of overweight/ obesity (AOR: 2.91, 95% CI 1.36, 6.21). Lack of daily fruit consumption increased the risk of overweight in Hispanic children. Middle-SEP children reported lowest consumption of fruits and vegetables. There were significant differences in breastfeeding practices by ethnicity and SEP. Assessment of child care practices resulted in all child care centers adhering to two-hour screen-time regulation for children older than 2-years old. Low and middle SEP centers fared better in serving of fruits , vegetables, and low fat/ fat free milk. The centers had incorporated quite and active play in their routines. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine prevalence by SEP in Miami-Dade County. Findings highlight opportunities for improvement in early life nutrition, as well as dietary and screen-time practices in the household and child care environments.
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Eiben, Gabriele. "Overweight and obesity in the young and old : prevalence, prevention and eating behavior /." Göteborg : Dept. of Public Health and Community Medicine, Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/3144.
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Simpson, Alicia C. "Socioeconomic and Cultural Aspects of Overweight and Obesity in Georgia's African American Community." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_hontheses/7.
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According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health and the Center for Disease Control (CDC), individuals who identified themselves as African-American or Black have the highest rate of obesity in the United States. The higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among the African-American population correlates to an increased risk for a number of diseases (including heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers) and an increased mortality rate for the African American population. Through focus groups and interviews, the research I will present focuses on perceptions of overweight and obesity among African-Americans, including any cultural beliefs associated with overweight, obesity and African-Americans. I examined cultural norms of body image, food preference (including "soul food" and other foods traditionally associated with African-American culture), and access to healthy foods and how the familial unit deals with issues of overweight and obesity. I also explored popular explanatory models surrounding the cultural acceptance of overweight and obesity in the African-American culture. Finally, I attempted to uncover the role that socioeconomic status plays in the acceptance, belief and/or knowledge of these models. A total of 80 participants who identify as African-American or Black were chosen using non-probability sampling techniques to participate in this research. I conducted 3 focus groups and 60 one on one interviews. Each participant in the focus group and one on one interview filled out a brief questionnaire about their perceptions of their own body image in conjunction with their interview. Varying socioeconomic status was sought amongst interview participants while similar socioeconomic status and education level were sought among focus group participants so that each person within the group felt as comfortable as possible sharing their experiences with weight and food. In my paper, I will discuss common themes that emerged in focus groups and interviews regarding perceptions of obesity among my participants.
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Patience, Molly Katherine. "Parental perceptions of childhood obesity| Do parents realize if their child is overweight?" Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528022.
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The purpose of this study was to research parents' ability to acknowledge obesity within their own child. Based on this goal, the following hypotheses were tested: parents who are overweight or obese themselves will be less likely to acknowledge the presence of overweight or obesity in their own child; increases in the characteristics of Nature Deficit Disorder, namley sedentary activity and exclusion of the outdoors, will be positively correlated with increases in childhood obesity; there is no relationship between a parent's BMI and their child's sedentary behavior; there is no relationship between a parent's BMI and their child's physically active behavior. No significance was found, however findings indicated that the majority of parents, regardless of their weight category, were unable to correctly identify the weight category of their child. Further research is recommended to explore a parent's ability to correctly indicate the weight category of their own child.
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Watford, Tanya S. "Altered Cognitive and Psychophysiological Components of Psychological Flexibility in Individuals with Overweight/Obesity." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1589379857844245.
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