Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oberst Test'

Vehicle manufacturers initially relied on horsepower and speed performances as “standout qualities” to sell their products, but as time progressed, it became increasingly clear that customers were very much concerned about their comfort and safety while driving vehicles. In the late seventies, requirements for driver and passenger comfort were increased significantly, since-then, a large amount of effort has been invested into the vehicle improvement of noise and vibration reduction nevertheless enhancing the safety. Nowadays NVH performance is considered as a critical factor in the purchase decisions of many buyers. This work focusses on the development of a composite automotive door but, the methodology and materials applied could be extended for other panels, as there are several kinds in a typical vehicle whatever class or purpose it has. In the last years, furthermore, lightweight design imposed different design methodologies and materials like fiber reinforced plastics are becoming more and more used in the construction of vehicles for structural and non-structural parts. Reinforced plastics could perform higher performance and higher tailorable possibilities compared to conventional metallic materials, more and more composites are targeted toward structural applications involving combined dynamic, mechanical, thermal and hygral loading. Composite materials are principally preferred in such applications because of their advanced elastic properties and tailoring capability to individual design requirements. They also have the potential for incorporating significant and tailorable passive damping into the candidate structure. At the beginning, tests on two different viscoelastic materials are performed in order to identify mechanical characteristics necessary to provide valid data for numerical analysis of structures. ‘Oberst Beam Method’ is the standard test method for measuring dynamic properties of materials (ASTM E756 – 05). Mechanical characteristics of damping materials have been determined for different temperatures (SAE J1637), frequencies and at different stage of aging (ISO 60068). Besides, low-velocity impact tests have been executed (ASTM 7136). After having post-processed the experimental data, the best material has been chosen. For each test, for each material and specimens topology a significant number of specimen has been tested for statistical purpose. ASTM 756 tests have been replicated virtually and to compare the results FRF Receptance, eigenfrequencies have been matched. Excellent correlation between simulation and experiment has been found. To evaluate the FEM virtual capabilities to reproduce and simulate the dynamic response of a real component and to validate correlation methodology, a first modal analysis has been carried out on a real automotive component. An innovative composite leaf spring is subjected to a free-free frequency response test, in which a series of accelerometers measures the response of the component to an excitation imposed by an electromechanical shaker. Moreover, LIPEZ methodology permitted to post-process data logged and to evaluate the characteristic vibrating modes of the structure. While the real component has been experimentally tested, FEM numerical simulation is reproduced. In the end, eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes (MAC) of experimental and virtual tests have been compared; excellent mode shape correlation has been found-out, errors on eigenfrequencies lower than 5%. Last part of this dissertation is focussed on the design, testing, and development of a damped door by means of interlaminar materials. The activity has been performed in two stages: undamped door testing and correlation with FEM and then manufacturing, testing and correlation of the damped solution. LIPEZ modal extraction algorithm has been used to extract modal parameters for the two artifacts, as well. The undamped door has been tested, real and virtual receptance, eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes computed and correlated. Damped material patches have been dimensioned and positioned considering a trade-off between added mass, costs and vibro-reduction capabilities. Modal analysis executed on the door have demonstrated that high damping capabilities have been achieved with limited drawbacks on weight increase (+5%) and inappreciable cost augmentation. In view of the scopes of the work, the results are deemed satisfactory.

Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Software testing tools simplify and automate the menial work associated with testing. Moreover, for complex concurrent software such as computer protocols, testing tools allow testing on an abstract level that is independent of specific implementations. Standard conformance testing methodologies and a number of testing tools are commercially available, but detailed descriptions of the implementation of such testing tools are not widely available. This thesis investigates the development of a tool for automated protocol testing in the ETH Oberon development environment. The need to develop a protocol testing tool that automates the execution of specified test cases was identified in collaboration with a local company that develops protocols in the programming language Oberon. Oberon is a strongly typed secure language that supports modularisation and promotes a readable programming style. The required tool should translate specified test cases into executable test code supported by a runtime environment. A test case consists of a sequence of input actions to which the software under test is expected to respond by executing observable output actions. A number of issues are considered of which the first is concerned with the representation of test case specifications. For this, a notation was used that is basically a subset of the test specification language TTCN-3 as standardised by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. The second issue is the format of executable test cases and a suitable runtime environment. A translator was developed that generates executable Oberon code from specified test cases. The compiled test code is supported by a runtime library, which is part of the tool. Due to the concurrent nature of a protocol environment, concurrent processes in the runtime environment are identified. Since ETH Oberon supports multitasking in a limited sense, test cases are executed as cooperating background tasks. The third issue is concerned with the interaction between an executing test case and a system under test. It is addressed by an implementation dependent interface that maps specified test interactions onto real interactions as required by the test context in which an implementation under test operates. A supporting protocol to access the service boundary of an implementation under test remotely and underlying protocol service providers are part of a test context. The ETH Oberon system provides a platform that simplifies the implementation of protocol test systems, due to its size and simple task mechanism. Operating system functionality considered as essential is pointed out in general terms since other systems could be used to support such testing tools. In conclusion, directions for future work are proposed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toetsstelsels vir programmatuur vereenvoudig en outomatiseer die slaafse werk wat met toetsing assosieer word. 'n Toetsstelsel laat verder toe dat komplekse gelyklopende programmatuur, soos rekenaarprotokolle, op 'n abstrakte vlak getoets word, wat onafhanklik van spesifieke implementasies is. Daar bestaan standaard metodes vir konformeringstoetsing en 'n aantal toetsstelsels is kommersiëel beskikbaar. Uitvoerige beskrywings van die implementering van sulke stelsels is egter nie algemeen beskikbaar nie. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die ontwikkeling van 'n stelsel vir outomatiese toetsing van protokolle in die ontwikkelingsomgewing van ETH Oberon. Die behoefte om 'n protokoltoetsstelsel te ontwikkel, wat die uitvoering van gespesifiseerde toetsgevalle outomatiseer, is geïdentifiseer in oorleg met 'n plaaslike maatskappy wat protokolle ontwikkel in die Oberon programmeertaal. Oberon is 'n sterkgetipeerde taal wat modularisering ondersteun en a leesbare programmeerstyl bevorder. Die toestsstelsel moet gespesifiseerde toetsgevalle vertaal na uitvoerbare toetskode wat ondersteun word deur 'n looptydomgewing. 'n Toetsgeval bestaan uit 'n reeks van toevoeraksies waarop verwag word dat die programmatuur wat getoets word, sal reageer deur die uitvoering van afvoeraksies wat waargeneem kan word. 'n Aantal kwessies word aangeraak, waarvan die eerste te make het met die voorstelling van die spesifikasie van toetsgevalle. Hiervoor is 'n notasie gebruik wat in wese 'n subversameling van die toetsspesifikasietaal TTCN-3 is. TTCN-3 is gestandardiseer deur die European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Die tweede kwessie is die formaat van uitvoerbare toetsgevalle en 'n geskikte looptydomgewing. 'n Vertaler is ontwikkel wat uitvoerbare Oberon-kode genereer vanaf gespesifiseerde toetsgevalle. Die vertaalde toetskode word ondersteun deur 'n biblioteek van looptydfunksies, wat deel van die stelsel is. As gevolg van die eienskap dat 'n protokolomgewing uit gelyklopende prosesse bestaan, word daar verskillende tipes van gelyklopende prosesse in 'n protokoltoetsstelsel geïdentifiseer. Aangesien ETH Oberon 'n beperkte multitaakstelsel is, word toetsgevalle vertaal na eindige outomate wat uitgevoer word as samewerkende agtergrondtake. Die derde kwessie het te make met die interaksie tussen 'n toetsgeval wat uitgevoer word en die stelsel wat getoets word. Dit word aangespreek deur 'n koppelvlak wat gespesifiseerde interaksies afbeeld op werklike interaksies soos vereis deur die konteks waarin 'n implementasie onderworpe aan toetsing uitvoer. 'n Ondersteunende protokolom die dienskoppelvlak van die implementasie oor 'n afstand te bereik en ander onderliggende protokoldienste is deel van 'n toetskonteks. Die ETH Oberon-stelsel help in die vereenvoudiging van die implementasie van protokol toetsstelsels, as gevolg van die stelsel se grootte en die eenvoudige taakhanteerder . Die essensiële funksionaliteit van bedryfsstelsels word uitgelig in algemene terme omdat ander stelsels gebruik kan word om toetsstelsels te ondersteun. Ten slotte word voorstelle vir opvolgwerk gemaak.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between iliotibial band (ITB) length and the presence of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), compare the difference in ITB length between the painful knee and the non-painful knee in subjects with unilateral PFPS, determine the test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the Ober test and modified Thomas test, and explore the relationship between the Ober test and the modified Thomas test in measuring ITB length. Subjects: Forty-eight subjects were recruited (PFPS group n=24, control group n=24) from three different outpatient physical therapy clinics. Methods: The Ober test and modified Thomas test was conducted on both legs of each subject to determine ITB length with the use of a digital inclinometer. Examiners were blinded to group assignment and an independent observer recorded all the results. Results: The mean values for hip adduction during the Ober test was 7.2 degrees in the control group and 2.3 degrees in the PFPS group. One way ANOVA revealed a significant difference between groups (p= .011). There were no differences in ITB length comparing the painful knee to the non-painful knee for both the Ober test and modified Thomas test. The ICC values calculated for the test-retest reliability were .95 for the Ober test and .86 for the modified Thomas test. Pearson correlational analysis revealed a weak negative correlation (r=-.40, p=.005) between the Ober test and modified Thomas test on the left side and no correlation on the right side. Discussion and Conclusion: The Ober test is better at distinguishing between a PFPS group and a control group than the modified Thomas test supporting the clinical utility of the Ober test. The use of a digital inclinometer for both the Ober test and modified Thomas test appears to be a reliable method for the measurement of ITB length. However, given the lack of relationship found between the two tests, the two examination procedures should not be used interchangeably for the measurement of ITB length.

Previous studies have suggested that if exercise intensity is established by perceived effort, the metabolic demand varies among exercise machines and the treadmill optimizes energy expenditure (EE). However, these studies have been completed utilizing young people with normal body fat percentages. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether there was a difference in acute energy expenditure when obese people used different exercise modes at a self-selected intensity (RPE 11-12) commonly recommended for overweight individuals. Twelve obese subjects (7 male; 5 female; BMI >29 kg/m2), aged 37-71 years completed two familiarization trials on four machines: treadmill (TM), stationary cycle (C), Body Trec elliptical arm/leg (BT), and Airdyne (AD). On separate days, subjects then completed a 15 minute trial on each machine at a self-selected intensity corresponding to a target RPE of I 1-12 on the Borg 15 point scale. Machine order was randomly assigned, and subjects were blinded to the workload throughout each trial. Workload was self-adjusted during the first 5 minutes and then remained stable for the rest of the trial. Physiological data were obtained during the last five minutes of each trial via HR telemetry and the Aerosport TEEM 100. The group means were compared across modes using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed across exercise modes for energy expenditure. The BT produced the highest rate of energy expenditure among exercise machines and C the lowest (8.0±2.0, 6.6±2.1, 6.3±2.0, 5.3±2.1 Kcal/min, for BT, TM, AD, and C, respectively). These results suggest that perceptually-based exercise prescriptions are not reliable across modes typically found in a fitness center environment, and that weight-bearing arm/leg exercise optimizes EE during self-selected exercise of moderate intensity in obese subjects.
School of Physical Education

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o grau de correlação entre testes de cabeceira e testes de função pulmonar em quatro grupos de indivíduos: sadios, gestantes (36ª semana), obesos (IMC 40 Kg/m2) e idosos ( 60 anos). Foram estudados 20 indivíduos por grupo. Os testes realizados foram: Teste de ventilação (ventilometria, VVM, Espirometria, Medidas de Pimax e Pemáx) e Testes de Cabeceira (Teste da Vela, Teste de Apnéia, Cirtometrias torácica e abdominal). Para a medida de ventilometria e VVM foi utilizado um ventilômetro e para as medidas de CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF% e PFE utilizou-se um espirômetro portátil. Para as medidas de Pimax e Pemáx utilizou-se um manovacuômetro analógico. No Teste da vela considerou-se a distância em que a chama foi apagada. A distância inicial foi de 60 cm e esta foi diminuída de 10 em 10 centímetros até que o sucesso fosse atingido. No teste de apnéia, após 3 testes, foi considerado o maior tempo. No grupo obeso, as correlações do Teste de Apnéia com a VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE e Pemáx foram estatisticamente significantes. Houve correlação significante do Teste da Apnéia com a VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE e Pemáx. No teste da vela, os coeficientes foram todos positivos, com exceção do grupo gestante no qual eles foram negativos. Houve correlação significante do torácico inspiratório em quase todos os grupos. Houve correlação do torácico expiratório com a VVM apenas no grupo obeso. No abdominal inspiratório, os coeficientes foram todas positivos, mas sem significância estatística. Na correlação do abdominal expiratório, houve correlação positiva com todos os testes de ventilação, exceto no grupo controle, que mostrou correlação negativa do abdominal expiratório com VVM e PFE. Os testes de cabeceira possuem correlação com os testes espirométricos. .
The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of correlation between bed side tests and tests of pulmonary function in four groups of individuals: healthy, pregnant (36ª week), obese (IMC > 40 Kg/m2) and elderly (> 60 years). Twenty individuals for group had been studied. The carried through tests had been: test of ventilation (ventilometry, VVM, spirometry, Measures of Pimax and Pemáx) and bed side tests (Test of the Candle, Test of Apnea, thoracic and abdominal circunference). For the measure of ventilometry and VVM, a ventilometer was used one and for the measures of CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF and PFE one was used portable espirometer. For the measures of Pimax and Pemáx one was used analogical manavacuometer. In the Test of the candle it was considered in the distance where the flame was extinguished. In the distance initial it was of 60 cm and this was diminished of 10 in 10 centimeters until the success was reached. In the apnea test, after 3 tests, were considered the biggest time. In the group obese, the correlations of the Test of Apnea with the VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE and Pemáx had been statistical significant. It had significant correlation of the Test of the Apnea with the VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE and Pemáx. In the test of the candle, the coefficients had been all positives, with exception of the pregnant group in which they had been negative. toracic inspiratory in almost all had significant correlation of all the groups. thoracic expiratory with only the VVM in the group had correlation of obese. In abdominal inspiratory, the coefficients had been all positives, but without significance statistics. In the correlation of abdominal expiratory, had positive correlation with all the ventilation tests, except in the group has control, that it showed to negative correlation of abdominal expiratory with VVM and PFE. The bed side tests possess correlation with the spirometrics tests.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
物理治療學研究所
92
Background: Ober’s test and modified Ober’s test are methods which commonly used to assess the iliotibial band(ITB) tightness and also the techniques in stretching a tight ITB in the clinic. But there are not enough scientific evidences to prove whether the ITB is under stretch in these testing manuvers. And correlations between the effectiveness of stretch and angle of hip adduction have not yet been evaluated. Purposes: The aims of this study were: 1.To provide evidences on sonographic morphologic changes of the ITB under Ober’s test and modified Ober’s test. 2.To analyze correlations between morphologic changes of the ITB and hip adduction angle in Ober’s test and modified Ober’s test positions. 3.To evaluate effects of possible confounding factors in this study. Methods: The instruments included a ultrasound , a inclinometer and an electromyography. 40 volunteers (20 males, mean age 24.3±4.9 years old and 20 females, mean age 24.7±3.4 years old) anticipated in this study, and the ITB width, thickness and hip adduction angle in Ober’s and modified Ober’s test ( knee joint flexion 90° and extension) were measured. Twenty subjects were randomly selected from these 40 volunteers to measure the muscle activities of tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus muscle in Ober’s and modified Ober’s test . Results: In Ober’s test, hip adduction angle was significantly smaller than that of modified Ober’s test (p=0.027). There were no significant differences between male and female in hip adduction angles, ITB thickness and width in each Ober’s and modified Ober’s test. The correlation between the ITB width and hip adduction angle was significant both in Ober’s test and in modified Ober’s test （r=-0.508，p<0.001 ； r=-0.377，p<0.001）, but there was not significant correlation between the ITB thickness and hip adduction angle in Ober’s and modified Ober’s test. Height, weight, and thigh length of subjects did not significantly correlate with ITB width , thickness and hip adduction angle. (p＞0.05). The muscle activities of tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus were not affected by Ober’s and modified Ober’s tests when the subjects were relaxed（p=0.733，0.916）. Conclusion: This study provided the preliminary evidences of morphologic changes of the ITB in Ober’s test and modified Ober’s test, and had shown that ITB width, thickness and hip adduction angle did not correlate significantly with demographic features. ITB is stretched in Ober’s test and modified Ober’s test, but the efficacy may be higher in modified Ober’s test when comparing to Ober’s test.

Author: Bc. Antonín Mařík Title: Capture of the abduction contracture of the hip joint as a biomechanical cause of idiopathic scoliosis The theme of the thesis is based on lectures and numerous publications by Professor Tomasz Karski, MD, PhD from Lublin, published in international journals (from the 1990s to the present). The work is based on the biomechanical cause of the "so-called idiopathic" scoliosis, the cause of which is considered primarily the restriction of adduction in the right hip joint - an abduction contracture. This contracture is one of the symptoms of "contractures and deformity syndrome" according to Prof. Hans Mau (Tübingen, Germany). The years-long prevailing "standing easy" attitude on the right lower limb is a manifestation of the restriction of abduction - the abduction contracture in the right hip joint and the cause of scoliosis in two groups and three types of classification of "biomechanical" scoliosis according to Karski. The main object of the thesis is an objective assessment of the relationship between the abduction contracture of the right hip joint and the idiopathic scoliosis of the spine in the examined set of probands. The thesis focuses, among other things, on the recent overview of the knowledge about idiopathic scoliosis, especially on diagnostics and...

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
人資處體育碩士專班
100
Objective: Investigate and compare the validity of cardiorespiratory fitness tests for elementary obese male students, including 600-meter running, 800-meter running, 9-minute running and 6-minute walk tests. Methods: Eighteen elementary obese male students aged 11-12yrs were recruited in the study. Each participant firstly completed an incremental exercise test to evaluate the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and following four cardiorespiratory field tests, including the 600-m and 800-m running, 9-minute run/walk test and 6-minute walk test. The time required or the distances finished in the tests were defined as cardiorespiratory performance. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson's product-moment correlation to verify the correlation between VO2max and each of the four field tests performance. Besides, the coefficient of determination (r2) derived from linear regression analysis was defined as validity. Results: 1) 600-meter running, 800-meter running, 9-minute running and 6-minute walk test were significantly correlated to VO2max respectively (r=-.78, r=-.78, r=.70, r=.60, p<.05). 2) The coefficient of determination (r2) were 0.60、0.61、0.49 and 0.36, while the standard error of estimates (SEE) were 3.34, 3.32, 3.78 and 4.27. Conclusion: All the four tests were effective in evaluating the cardiorespiratory fitness of elementary obese male students. In terms of physiological characteristics and time efficiency, the 600-meter running test was recommended for elementary obese male students.

Author: Bc. Antonín Mařík Title: Capture of the abduction contracture of the hip joint as a biomechanical cause of idiopathic scoliosis The theme of the thesis is based on lectures and numerous publications by Professor Tomasz Karski, MD, PhD from Lublin, published in international journals (from the 1990s to the present). The work is based on the biomechanical cause of the "so-called idiopathic" scoliosis, the cause of which is considered primarily the restriction of adduction in the right hip joint - so-called an abduction contracture. This contracture is one of the symptoms of "Syndrome of Contracture" according to Prof. Hans Mau (Tübingen, Germany). The years-long prevailing "standing easy" attitude on the right lower limb is a manifestation of the abduction contracture in the right hip joint and the cause of scoliosis in two groups and three types of classification of "biomechanical" scoliosis according to Karski. The main object of the thesis is an objective assessment of the relationship between the abduction contracture of the right hip joint and the idiopathic scoliosis (IS) of the spine in the examined set of probands. Clinical and anthropological examinations were performed in a group of 20 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 16 control probands, including specialized tests on the...

碩士
國立臺北護理健康大學
運動保健研究所
106
This study examines effects of high-intensity circuit training on functional tests in overweight and obese adults. The HICT method was selected for this study. 21 volunteers who did not have any HICT experience, BMI was greater than or equal to 23 kg/m², age from 40 to 65 years old were recruited in this study. Then they were divided into experimental group (n=11) and control group (n=10) depending on their fat mass percentage. Experimental group subjects join a 12-week HICT training program, which met for three days per week. Both groups completed the pre-test and post-test of functional tests including body composition, hand grip & back pull strength, and 6MWT. All data were analyzed by two-way mixed design ANOVA at the end of the 12-week period to examine the interaction between group and time factors, that showed significant differences in fat mass of lower limbs, back pull strength, and 6MWT (p＜.05). Experimental group showed a significant improvement of fat mass, muscle mass of trunk and right upper limb, back pull strength, and 6MWT (p＜.05), control group showed no significant difference in all of the functional tests (p＞.05). In conclusion, the 12-week HICT program could effectively improve the body composition of overweight and obese adults, improve their performance of six-minute walk test, and provide a reference for community health promotion programs.

abstract: Children are five times more likely to be overweight at the age of 12 years if they are overweight during the preschool period, and 60% of overweight preschoolers are overweight at the age of 12 years (Matusik & Malecka-Tendera, 2011). Primary care interventions are urgently needed to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors in families. Parental influence plays an important factor in the development of healthy behaviors in children. Cognitive behavioral interventions have demonstrated preliminary success in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in both adults and children. Mobile technology used to supplement interventions aimed at behavior change offers an outlet to bridge gaps in health disparities and generate innovative evidence. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (TEXT2COPE) synergized with mobile technology on the healthy lifestyle behaviors of parents of overweight and obese preschoolers. Primary aims of the proposed pilot study were to (a) examine the feasibility and acceptability of the TEXT2COPE program among parents of overweight or obese preschoolers with mobile phones; (b) evaluate the preliminary effects of the TEXT2COPE program on healthy lifestyle behaviors in families with overweight or obese preschoolers; and (c) evaluate the relationship among the study variables (i.e., cognitive beliefs, perceived difficulty, and healthy lifestyle behaviors). Findings indicate that this program is feasible and acceptable in this population. The intervention improved healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors in parents. Further supported are the interconnected relationships between parental beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2014

碩士
國立臺灣大學
臨床動物醫學研究所
98
Intravenous glucose tolerance test is a suggested method to evaluate the glucose homeostasis in cats. However, anesthesia and hospitalization required in performing the test hamper its clinical application. In order to establish a clinical applicable test, 34 client-owned cats were enrolled in this study. A modified simplified intravenous glucose tolerance test (MSIVGTT), a simple indice of insulin sensitivity homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were evaluated for their applicability in the detection of glucose intolerant patients. The modifications include accompany of the pet owner, application of winged infusion set connected with the catheter for repeatable blood sampling, lay of the examined cats upon a soft pet bed and covered with a towel, as well as shorten the examined procedure to 3 hours. All cats were divided into obese and lean groups based on the feline body mass index (FBMI). Complete evaluation was achieved from 32 out of 38 cats (84%) using MSIVGTT and the results showed statistical differences between obese and lean cats with slower glucose disposal rate in glucose response and exaggerated insulin secretion in the 2nd phase of insulin response in the obese cats. Moreover, the test also screens out 3 impaired glucose tolerant cats from the 32 cats. The HOMA showed significant difference between two groups and had a positive correlation with the obese condition of the 38 cats. In conclusion, MSIVGTT and HOMA were established for clinical usage evaluation of glucose homeostasis. Application of these 2 assays can be used to screen out impaired glucose tolerant cats in clinical practice.

Abstract Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the association of neck circumference (NC) to parameters of glucose homeostasis compared to classical anthropo- metric parameters of lean and obese children. Methods: Three dimensional (3D)-body scanning quan- tified anthropometric (height, weight, NC, hip/waist circumference, BMI) and metabolic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], insulin, HbA1c, oGTT, HOMA-IR) were determined cross-sectionally in 1542 participants (5–18 years). the strongest association to glucose metabolism para- meters was found for waist circumference (WC), except for FPG and 2h-postload glucose. In multiple linear regres- sion analyses, NC provided additional benefit beyond classical anthropometric indices to describe impairment of glucose homeostasis. Conclusions: We suggest that NC is comparable or addi- tive to established anthropometric parameters but might not be superior to them. However NC is simple to measure, reproducible and may be considered in clinical practice as an additional measurement tool.:Inhalt I Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1. Einführung in die Thematik 1.1. Einleitung und Definition 1.2. Zielsetzung der Arbeit 1.3. wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund 1.4. LIFE Child 2. Publikation Zusammenfassung der Arbeit Literaturverzeichnis Darstellung wissenschaftlicher Beitrag Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit Danksagung

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Recent advancements in the management of systemic glucose regulation in obesity/T2DM include drug therapies designed to utilize components of the incretin system specifically related to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). More recently, GLP-1 has been investigated for potential cardioprotective effects. Several investigations have revealed that acute/sub-acute intravenous administration of GLP-1 significantly reduces myocardial infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion injury and improves cardiac contractile function in the settings of coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Despite an abundance of data indicating that intravenous infusion of GLP-1 is cardioprotective, information has been lacking on the cardiac effects of iv GLP-1 in the MetS or T2DM population. Some important questions this study aimed to address are 1) what are the direct, dose-dependent cardiac effects of GLP-1 in-vivo 2) are the cardiac effects influenced by cardiac demand (MVO2) and/or ischemia, 3) does GLP-1 effect myocardial blood flow, glucose uptake or total oxidative metabolism in human subjects, and 4) are the cardiac effects of GLP-1 treatment impaired in the settings of obesity/MetS and T2DM. Initial studies conducted in canines demonstrated that GLP-1 had no direct effect on coronary blood flow in-vivo or vasomotor tone in-vitro, but preferentially increased myocardial glucose uptake in ischemic myocardium independent of effects on cardiac contractile function or coronary blood flow. Parallel translational studies conducted in the humans and Ossabaw swine demonstrate that iv GLP-1 significantly increases myocardial glucose uptake at rest and in response to increases in cardiac demand (MVO2) in lean subjects, but not in the settings of obesity/MetS and T2DM. Further investigation in isolated cardiac tissue from lean and obese/MetS swine indicate that this impairment in GLP-1 responsiveness is related to attenuated activation of p38-MAPK, independent of alterations in GLP-1 receptor expression or PKA-dependent signaling. Our results indicate that the affects of GLP-1 to reduce cardiac damage and increase left ventricular performance may be impaired by obesity/MetS and T2DM.