Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oak wood'
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Spillman, Philip John. "Oak wood contribution to wine aroma /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09ahps756.pdf.
Full textCox, Brian D. "Assessing the limitations of oak in OSB." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5737.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 71 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
Mosedale, Jonathan R. "Variation of oak wood properties influencing the maturation of whisky." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b0383556-7c95-48d7-902b-ef4a9f0732dc.
Full textLjungdahl, Jonas. "Structure and properties of Vasa oak." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4016.
Full textTullberg, Tobias Eric. "Development of the composition of oak wood during seasoning and its impact on wine." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12210.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the natural seasoning of oak wood on the chemical composition of the oak and the following potential impact it has on the wine. In this study two experimental plans were carried out. The first with objective to evaluate the impact of the time of seasoning on the chemical composition of the wood and the second was carried out to study the effect of the time of seasoning on the sensory aspects of the wine. A significant difference between the composition of fresh wood and seasoned wood was generally observed, however no significant difference was observed due to the time of seasoning after 18 months. Sensory analysis in form of triangular tests showed the same trend, leading to the questioning of the benefits of prolonged seasoning of oak wood
Shipek, D. Catlow, and Peter F. Ffolliott. "Water, Wood, and Wildlife Management of Emory Oak Coppice: A Preliminary Decision Matrix." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296621.
Full textMaingi, John Kaunda 1964. "Specific gravity and estimated physical properties of Emory oak in southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278168.
Full textDeYoung, Clara. "Biomass Estimation Using the Component Ratio Method for White Oak." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50421.
Full textMaster of Science
Aebischer, Danille P. "Basic density and shrinkage of oak in relation to wood structure and cambial age." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285465.
Full textDedic, Dina. "The warship Vasa : A Study of Lignin, Extractives and Acids in the oak wood." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Träkemi och massateknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121176.
Full textQC 20130422
Del, Galdo Vittorio. "Impact of the use of different blends of wood chips from diverse botanical species on quality parameters of white wine from Encruzado variety. A study on the effects of a different kind of wood on a white wine with no contact with lees." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17935.
Full textThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of blends of wood from different botanical species in a white wine from Encruzado variety; the botanical species used in this study were French oak (Quercus peatraea), American oak (Quercus alba) and Cherry (Prunus avium) during a 60 days maceration period, with sampling done after 15, 30 and 60 days. The blends were obtained by combining 2 woods species in a ratio of 1:1, obtaining 3 blends; that is, Cherry and American oak (Ch+Am), French and American oak (Fr+Am), and Cherry and American oak (Ch+Am). In addition to these treatments 3 Control treatments were created by adding single wood of Cherry (CCh), American oak (CAm) and French oak (CFr), moreover a treatment without wood was kept (C). The amount of wood used was the same for all the treatments, that is 0,5 g/l. on the different sampling days were run both sensory analysis, by a panel of judges, evaluating aroma and taste parameters, and chemical analysis, that is, total phenols, non flavonoids and flavonoids phenols, color evolution, maderization test and tanning power. At the end of the experiment statistical analysis showed relevant data in almost all the analysis, for the chemical analysis cherry showed the highest level of total phenols and flavonoids, which is reflected also in the blends with other woods, while the French oak and its blends showed significant levels of non flavonoids phenols. The browning potential showed an decrease in wines in contact with wood except for CCh, while tanning power showed an increase in all the wines in contact with wood with the blend of cherry and American being the highest tannicity. In the sensory analysis we can observe how the global appreciation of the wines decrease with increasing maceration period with the wood both for the taste and aroma parameters, with C being the most appreciated wine at the last sampling, while the sampling of 15 and 30 days shows the wine with cherry and with American oak showing the highest values
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Faias, Sónia Maria Marques Pacheco. "Using neighbourhood vegetation information on cork oak growth and yield modelling." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21227.
Full textThe present work contributes to information regarding the competition on the tree and cork growth, by evaluating the neighbourhood vegetation and local tree density impact. From a specific trial established to compare the effect on the tree of different understory management options, along a cork rotation cycle of 9 years, cork samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the cycle on trees within lagged cycles. Former results revealed no effect on cork annual growth and wood increment for the trees growing under lupine periodical seeding. When analysing the interaction between cork ring age and understory operations, different thresholds were linked to the shrubs’ maintenance and the lupine seeding. Later, this trial was monitored to compare the shrubs’ maintenance versus removal with or without NP soil fertilization. On the set of selected trees, diameter increment was monthly monitored, as well as, leaves nutrients seasonal variability, and differences were found in the treatment with soil fertilization. Data gathered from a Portuguese network of permanent plots across the cork oak species distribution area was used to model tree variables including the site characteristics. Focusing the analysis on young plantations and never debarked stands, the relationship of the diameter relative growth rate over tree dimension showed signs of inter-tree competition before the first cork extraction in older high-density stands. A crown width model developed with a fixed-effect approach was applied using national forest inventory datasets. Subsequently, a decrease in crown cover was identified in Portugal over ten years. Using the Portuguese dataset with a Spanish dataset, a diameter increment model was developed applying two methodologies: age-independent difference equations and potential growth times a modifier. This Iberian dataset allowed testing the inclusion of stand variability associated with climate and soil site conditions
O presente trabalho contribui com informação sobre competição, avaliando o impacto da vegetação vizinha e da sua densidade, no crescimento da árvore e da cortiça. Para comparar o efeito na árvore da gestão do subcoberto, durante um ciclo de descortiçamento (9 anos), foram recolhidas amostras de cortiça, no início e final do ciclo, em árvores sujeitas a ciclos desfasados num ensaio específico. Primeiramente não foi encontrado efeito no crescimento anual da cortiça e no incremento em madeira entre árvores sujeitas a diferente gestão. Mas analisando a interação entre a idade do anel de cortiça e as operações realizadas, foram associados diferentes limites à manutenção dos arbustos e à sementeira de tremocilha. Este ensaio foi continuado para comparar a manutenção com a remoção dos arbustos, com ou sem fertilização NP do solo, monitorizando um conjunto de árvores selecionadas. Analisando o registo do incremento em diâmetro mensal e da variabilidade sazonal dos nutrientes das folhas, foram encontradas diferenças no tratamento com fertilização do solo. Os dados recolhidos numa rede de parcelas permanentes localizadas na área de distribuição de sobreiro em Portugal, foram utilizados para analisar e modelar variáveis arbóreas. Abordando apenas dados de plantações jovens e povoamentos não descortiçados, a relação entre a taxa de crescimento relativo em diâmetro com a dimensão da árvore mostrou sinais de competição nas árvores não descortiçadas, em povoamentos adultos de elevada densidade. Foi desenvolvido um modelo predição do diâmetro da copa que aplicado aos dados do inventário florestal nacional, indicaram uma diminuição da percentagem de coberto, num horizonte de dez anos. Juntando a este conjunto, dados de parcelas espanholas, foi desenvolvido um modelo para o incremento em diâmetro, com a inclusão da variabilidade local associada ao clima e ao solo, abordando duas metodologias: equações às diferenças independentes da idade e potencial de crescimento multiplicando um modificador
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Nunes, Inês Filipa Santos. "Evolution of phenolic and sensorial characteristics of rosé wines aged with different alternative wood chips." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14840.
Full textThe aim of this study was evaluating the effects of cherry (Prunus avium) and oak (Quercus petraea) chips in the phenolic, volatile and sensorial profile of a Portuguese rosé wine, made from Touriga attempting to understand whether the application of cooperage, including alternative woods, is potentially enhancing. For this purpose, several chemical analyses were carried out; for musts (at 0, 2, 6, 8,10 and 20 fermentation days), total phenols, non-flavonoids, chromatic characteristics, and colour due to copigmentation were assayed. For the wines (sampled at 40, 60 and 80 storage days), the same analysis took place, as well as HPLC determination of individual anthocyanins, polyamide column extraction and HPLC determination of proanthocyanidins, proanthocyanidin separation by degree of polymerization and sensory analysis. Both woods improved colour intensity and pigment stability, which was significantly more relevant when using cherry wood, and phenolic content was consistently higher with this wood, in comparison with the control and oak wines, the latter even showing less total phenols than the control at one storage point. Both also had a considerably larger proportion of coloured anthocyanins than the control, more pronounced in the wines fermented and aged with chips, and with no discernible dominance of any wood type, and oak wood induced an increase of malvidin-3-glucoside in storage. Cherry wood also showed a much higher concentration of monomeric procyanidins, namely (+)-catechins, with a possible effect of contact time. From sensory analysis, wines aged and/or fermented with wood chips always scored highest in overall rating (CHFA at 40 storage days, CHF at 60 and OKFA at 80), significantly improving colour intensity and overall quality, as well as woody aromas, which developed more intensely in the wine fermented and aged with oak chips. There were no definite differences between contact time when using wood, and results were sometimes irregular and with considerable associated error
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Suvac, Serghei. "Ensaios com alternativos de madeira e taninos enológicos em vinho tinto. Efeitos na composição química e análise sensorial." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6493.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of oak alternatives in red wine. The alternatives have been used: tannins of control enological tannin, tannin and extract of oak wood "Dialog", used doses were minimum, average and maximum. After one month aging in 10L bottles chemical composition and sensory analysis were evaluated. At the beginning of evaluation general analysis of wine were determined (% vol, pH, SO2, sugar, etc.) and analyzes which linked to phenolic compounds, (intensity and color tone, total anthocyanins, coloured anthocyanins, ionization index, polymeric pigments, total pigments, polymerization index, index of total polyphenols, total phenols, and CIELab analyze of color. Analyses showed that there are no major differences between samples, only the wine with concentration of oak extract 0.225 g/l have slightly higher values of total phenols, total polyphenols index and total anthocyanins. In terms of sensory analysis, in the tasting panel found no major differences in the overall assessment parameter, aroma and taste balance, some differences were found in wine with oak extract dose 0.225 g/l.
McCallum, Michael James. "Evaluation of Carcavelos fortified wine aged in portuguese (Quercus pyrenaica) and french (Quercus robur) oak at medium and high toast." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15837.
Full textAdega do Casal Manteiga is a publicly owned winery by the Municipality of Oeiras that produces Carcavelos fortified wine. The effects of botanical species (Quercus pyrenaica, and Quercus robur) and toasting method (medium and high) on a single vintage wine that has been aged for 8 years is examined. A total of twenty barrels were used with 5 replicates for each factor. The barrels were fabricated and toasted using the same cooperage, J.M. Gonçalves in Portugal. Significant differences were seen between the species Q. robur and Q. pyrenaica were shown impact on total phenolic content including both flavonoids and non-flavonoids. The total phenols of the wine aged in Q. pyrenaica barrels were significantly higher than in the Q. robur counterparts with differences of 61.3 mg/L eq. gallic acid and 75.1 mg/L eq. gallic acid for medium and high toast, respectively. Q. pyrenaica contained more flavonoids than Q. robur with a difference of 35.9 mg/L eq. gallic acid at high toast and 34.2 mg/L eq. gallic acid at medium toast. Regarding non-flavonoid compounds Q. pyrenaica showed 39.2 mg/L gallic acid equivalents more than Q. robur at high toast and 27.1 mg/L gallic acid equivalents more at medium toast. This difference in non-flavonoids was only statistically significant with the high toast barrels. The degree of toasting had significant effects on the Flavonoid content of the wine, as well as the tanning power. Flavonoid content increased for both Q. pyrenaica (Δ37.2 mg/L eq. gallic acid) and Q. robur (Δ35.5 mg/L eq. gallic acid) in the wines that were aged in barrels that underwent higher toasting compared to medium toasting. The tannin power decreased for both Q. pyrenaica (Δ13.66 NTU/mL) and Q. robur (Δ22.78 NTU/mL) when the toasting increased
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Stambaugh, Michael C., and Richard P. Guyette. "Progress In Constructing A Long Oak Chronology From The Central United States." Tree-Ring Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622610.
Full textFairweather, Mary Lou 1958. "Cultural and other morphological studies of Inonotus andersonii." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276745.
Full textSantos, Filipa Ferreira Reis Cardoso dos. "Use of alternative wood chips from new botanical species. Their impact on phenolic composition and sensory properties of a rose wine from Touriga Nacional grape variety." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14854.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects that acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), cherry (Prunus avium), American and French oak (Quercus alba and Quercus petraea) wood chips and the evolution of the phenolic composition and sensorial properties of a rose wine made from Touriga Nacional grape variety during a storage period of 20 days. Chemical analysis were carried out: total phenols, flavonoid and non-flavonoid phenols, chromatic characteristics and tanning power. At the end of the assay a sensory analysis was performed. Three sensorial parameters group were considered: aspect, aroma and taste. The results showed some statistical significant differences in most of the phenolic parameters, mainly in the wines without fining. Thus, it was possible to conclude that there are differences between the impact of different botanic species used. In particular, acacia wood chips thus, the results suggest a significant impact on phenolic content of rose wine during the short period of stage, by the use of acacia wood chips. Concerning to sensorial analysis, two situations could be observed: a slight preference for the wine treated with cherry wood chips – without fining. On the other hand, there was a slight preference for the control wine (without added wood) – after fining
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Brown, Rachel Christine, and rcbrown@adam com au. "gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080226.234630.
Full textLarsson, Anna. "Evaluation of artificial habitats for saproxylic oak invertebrates: Effects of substrate, composition and distance from dispersal source." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11689.
Full textSaproxylic species living in old hollow trees have low dispersal rate. Many of the species are threatened since their micro habitats are rare. To prevent some of these species from going extinct their habitats have to have the right management. In some areas artificial environment could be a solution. The aim of this study was to investigate if the insects that are dependent on tree cavities with wood mould would colonize an artificially created habitat: large wooden boxes filled with artificial wood mould placed on tree trunks. The boxes were filled with substrates like oak saw dust, oak leaves, dead hens, hen excrements, medicago (Medicago falcata flour) or potatoes. Over three years, 136 species and 10 380 specimens were caught in 47 boxes. The groups classified as specialists were in general statistically significant more often than groups classified as generalists. Dead hen was the substrate with the highest number of species, although differences were small. In conclusion, a large number of species, including red listed ones and saproxylic specialists used the boxes. A dead hen in the box gave some extra species and 1800 meters was too long for some of the species to disperse. Hence, the prospects for using artificial environments are good especially to reduce habitat availability gaps in time and space.
Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. "Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973.
Full textMaster of Science
Livermore, Don. "Quantification of oak wood extractives via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequent calibration of near infrared reflectance to predict the Canadian whisky aging process." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2591.
Full textNoguchi, Yushi. "The influence of wood species of casks on matured whisky aroma : identification of unique character imparted to whisky by casks constructed of Japanese oak." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3276.
Full textHerdinius, Andreas. "En undersökning av möjliga tillväxtmiljöer vid den tidiga sågverkshanteringen av ek." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86212.
Full textWood is a biological and organic material whose properties makes it possible for mold to grow on it under the right conditions. Mold growth on wood that humans handle and get in contact with can create health problems as some mold species can cause respiratory problems and allergic alveolitis.An investigation of which mold that grows on boards at a sawmill in southern Sweden has ben carried out. In addition to this, possible growth environments for mold have been investigated during lumber yard drying and a kiln drying process. The parameters examined were temperature and relative humidity.Mold of Paecilomyces, Aspergillus niger and yeast was found on boards. The climate during lumber yard drying and the kiln drying process showed that a large part of the early handling of the wood had a favourable climate to mold growth.
Rosenthal, Michael, and Ernst Bäucker. "Zur Anatomie des Holzes der Weiß-Eichen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110244.
Full textShields, Lance David. "Investigation of Through-Tenon Keys on the Tensile Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33971.
Full textMaster of Science
Bortoletto, Aline Marques. "Composição química de cachaça maturada com lascas tostadas de madeira de carvalho proveniente de diferentes florestas francesas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-19022013-134416/.
Full textCachaça is a typical Brazilian spirit, consumed mostly natural. Its quality may be improved by aging. In Brazil the aging process is traditionally done by keeping the spirit in barrels made of national hardwood. The use of barrels demand high initial cost and long-term of immobilization of product and capital. Storage alternatives have been sought, but without solution for aging so far. The possibility of using oak fragments for cachaça maturation may provide a wider field of specificities to the spirit. The objective of this research was to study volatile and maturation congeners in cachaça macerated with fragments of oak wood from different French forests (Allier, Vosges and Nièvre) and with different intensities of toasting (low, medium and high). The volatile congeners (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2- butanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid) were detected and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GCFID) and the maturation congeners (gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and synapaldehyde) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sensory tests were performed to verify consumer´s acceptance concerning the parameters of color, aroma, flavor and global acceptation. The concentration of volatile congeners was not influenced by the treatments. The presence of maturation congeners indicated the ability of the different wood fragments in supplying compounds to the spirit. Nevertheless the peculiarity of each one is highlighted when the compounds predominance is investigated. Due to the high concentration of maturation congeners supplied by Allier and Vosges woods at high toast, we could assume more chemistry complexity for the cachaças macerated in these conditions. It could also be possible modeling cachaça based on maceration with oak fragments from different origins combined with different intensities of toasting. Sensory tests showed high acceptance on the attributes evaluated, but there was no considerable effect between the different woods and toastings. The use of wood fragments to cachaça maceration is not allowed by the Brazilian laws as an aging process, and might be considered a fraudulent act. This study represents a theoretical and practical basis for a possible application of the methodology. It stresses the importance of a further comparative study concerning aging in barrel and by interaction of wood fragments in order to identify similarities and differences between the methodologies and verify the feasibility of its implementation.
Vorobyev, Alexey. "Static and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of preserved archaeological wood : Case studies of the seventeenth century warship Vasa." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad mekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314266.
Full textStötta Vasa
Stenudd, Stefan. "Colour Response in Drying of Nordic Hardwoods." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29011.
Full textVieira, Margarida Costa Barrancos. "Compostos fenólicos em aparas de madeira para uso enológico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20973.
Full textFaydi, Younes. "Classement pour la résistance mécanique du chêne par méthodes vibratoires et par mesure des orientations des fibres." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0051/document.
Full textHardwoods are the majority in France, with a substantial amount of small, low grade oaks. This resource could be an alternative of typical construction materials. However, mechanical properties can change a lot depending on timber defects. Thus, it is necessary to verify the good quality of each board in order it can be used in structural applications. The efficiency of grading methods is one of principal challenges to promote the use of oak in structures. The present work aims to provide new grading machine solutions relative to low grade oak which could replace the traditional and downgrading method based on visual sorting by an operator.Indeed, two models have been developed during this thesis, based on nondestructive measurements following by destructive tests to validate them. The first one is an analytical model based on grain angle scanning measurements. From grain angle data maps, local values of modulus of elasticity and resistance were computed, then the global mechanical properties were computed. The second one is a statistical model based on the analysis of longitudinal and transversal vibrational measurements. The results show that the longitudinal vibrational method based on the first longitudinal eigen frequency, which is mostly employed in softwood industry, is not suited for oak grading. However, the efficiency of the methods based on transversal vibrations is pretty good but it needs additional efforts for industrial application. In this work, the model based on grain angle scanning offer the best and the more robust grading efficiency for all grades
Michel, Julien. "Classification et influences des polyphénols du bois de chêne sur la qualité sensorielle des vins (Application du procédé OakScan®)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21989/document.
Full textDuring the wine aging with oak wood, some compounds with interesting organoleptic properties such as ellagitannins (i.e., vescalagin, castalagin, roburins A, B, C, D, E and grandinin) are extracted. The ellagitannins concentrations in oak wood and wine are highly variable and their extractions kinetic during the aging as well as their organoleptic impacts on wines are poorly known and still unclear. In order to classify each stave according to their polyphenolics index (IP) before making the barrels, an infrared system (NIRS), Oakscan®, was develop by the tonnellerie Radoux. Our aim was to study the influence of this wood classification on the wines molecular composition and organoleptic properties.In the first place, the NIRS oak staves classification has been confirmed by the determination of the total ellagitannins concentration as well as the specific levels of each ellagitannins molecule by HPLC-UV-MS. A high variability of the ellagitannins level in wood between 5.95 ± 0.30 and 32.91 ± 0.98 mg ellagic acid equivalent/g of dry wood was observed. Furthermore, the wood infrared classification is correlated with chemical analyzes (p < 0.02%) and allow the production of barrels with different IP (IP: 11, 12, 16, 21, 26, 30, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 50, 51, 53, 62, 67 et 70).In a second place, some wines were aged in the classified barrels. The ellagitannins levels show the oak wood classification influences (p < 5%). Indeed, the first months of aging, the ellagitannins concentration increased until a maximum was obtain . Indeed, this maximum concentration in wine aged in barrel manufactured with the wood richer in ellagitannins was higher and latter (2.30 ± 0.05 after 4 months and 11.56 ± 0.31 mg ellagic acid equivalent/L of wine after 12 months respectively for the IP 21 and IP 70 barrels). After this maximum, a slow decrease of the ellagitannins level was observed. The influences of grain and toasting were also analyzed. The aromatics compounds solubilization of classified oak wood by Oakscan® show that the furanic aldehydes levels (furfural, alcool furfurylique et 5-méthylfurfural) and the syringol involved in the smocked/toasted aromas were correlated with the NIRS classification and the wood IP. So, a wine aged in contact with wood richer in polyphenols compounds was describe as more smocked/toasted. Nevertheless, the toasting intensity (which formed these compounds by thermo-degradation of hemicelluloses and lignins) plays a major role on their concentrations. Moreover, organoleptic properties of the wines aged with oak wood (barrels, staves) at 6, 12, 18 or 24 month and tested by trained judges were significantly impacted by the IP barrels. In fact, wine with the highest ellagitannins level was significantly described with a higher woody, smoked/burned and spicy in nose. In mouth, the bitterness and the astringency were significantly higher in wine containing the highest ellagitannins level. Whereas, the wine fruity aroma, in nose and mouth, was generally descript as lower in wine aged with the barrel with the IP higher.The influences of wood classification, in relation with the grain and the IP, on the red wine oxygen consumption after being put into barrels were analyzed with a new no invasive method. The results show that 96% of the oxygen in wine at T0 was consumed after 8 days. Significant differences (p < 0.01%) between the oxygen consumption speed and the barrel IP or the grain were observed. The oxygen consumption speed increase with correlation of barrel IP or the size of grain. These results allows the utilization of method not empirical and reliable method to select oak wood regarding their grain or their ellagitannins concentration in order to be able to produce oak barrels classified by means of our results to give organoleptic properties controlled to the wine
Purba, Citra Yanto Ciki. "Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002/document.
Full textTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Le, Floch Alexandra. "Les polysaccharides et les ellagitanins du bois de chêne : influence sur la qualité sensorielle des vins." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0369/document.
Full textIt is widely accepted that alcoholic beverages quality depends on their ageing in premium quality oak wood. Oak wood selection and maturation are essential steps in the course of barrel fabrication. Given the existence of many factors involved in the choice of raw material and in natural seasoning of oak wood, it is very difficult to determine the real impact of seasoning and selection factors on oak wood composition. A sampling was done to study the evolution of oak wood chemical composition during four seasoning steps: non matured, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months. For this sampling, three selection factors were taken into account: age, grain type and the Polyphenolic Index measured by Oakscan®. Besides extractables (~10%), three polymers constitute the main part of oak wood: cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. These compounds may undergo hydrolysis or chemical reactions during cooperage processes, especially during heat treatment, which release some aromatic compounds or aromatic precursors having a genuine sensorial interest on wine aged in barrel or in contact with oak products. To date, no studies revealed a link between the proportions of these compounds in oak wood and the chemical and sensorial impact in wines ageing with oak wood. Our study showed that the proportions of these compounds evolved significantly during oak wood seasoning and the results highlighted the impact of selection factors. Respectively, extractables, lignins, hemicelluloses and cellulose proportions were mostly for non-matured, 12 months, 18 months and 24 seasoning months. The development of a test plan with a Merlot wine from a second oak wood sampling, using similar modalities as the previous test plan allowed the evaluation of oak wood seasoning impact on the chemical composition of a wine ageing with oak wood pieces. Results showed a lowering of 8% in ellagitannins content of wine between 12 and 24 months modalities. An impact on volatile composition in wine has also been established: furanic aldehydes were positively correlated with a long maturation time (18 and 24 months), whereas phenolic aldehydes were positively correlated with a shorter seasoning time (12 months). Our results highlighted also the impact of selection factors on wine chemical composition. Sensorial analysis on this Merlot wine led to significant differences detected by the panel between 12 and 24 seasoning modalities, but not between 18 and 24 months modalities with triangular tests. Sensorial profiles were also established to attempt to associate the differences detected to one or more descriptors. For this test, results highlighted the difficulty for the panel to make a significant difference between 12 and 24 months modalities. However they contribute to explain the differences demonstrated with triangular tests for some seasoning modalities: toasted, bitterness, astringency, roundness and sweet perception
Gieger, Thomas. "Auswirkungen von Trockenheit und Entlaubung auf den Wasserhaushalt von Stiel- und Traubeneiche." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967104963.
Full textAbadie, Charlotte. "Étude des phénomènes climatiques au sein d’un chai à barriques et de leur influence sur la maîtrise du vieillissement sous bois des eaux-de-vie de Cognac." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0440.
Full textBecause of the various steps of the process, cognacs reveal highly distinctive organoleptic properties. Nevertheless, over the past decades, the tasting committee has noticed a slight trend towards standardisation of eaux-de-vie. The reasons for this evolution are most certainly multifactorial. The Maison Hennessy wants to understand the transformations occurring during the process of elaboration of Cognac, and particularly during the aging process which is a critical stage regarding the final quality of the product. In particular, the development of construction techniques and the size of the cellars is likely to influence the quality of the “eaux-de-vie”. In this study we built a toolbox modelling a Cognac cellar and its evolution over time. The model was developed to link multiple variables both computational and based on experimental data. On the experimental side, a laboratory was built in order to control the climatic conditions and the characteristics of the barrels. The experiments highlighted that the physico-chemical behaviour is linked to the temperature and the dimensions of casks. These lab-scale observations were further validated in an industrial scale pilot setting. The qualitative validation of the climatic conditions inside the cellar on the quality of the eaux-de-vie is performed by the testing committee. On the computational side, modelling was conducted first to estimate the mass transfers at the stave scale and then to simulate the heat transfers at the barrel or cellar scales. The convective effects appeared highly influential on the thermal dynamic of the liquid and the air in the building. The experimental data enabled the validation of the modelling tools at different scales
Winstel, Delphine. "Recherches sur les composés du bois de chêne modulant la saveur des vins et des eaux-de-vie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0409.
Full textDuring barrel aging, wines and spirits undergo organoleptic changes caused by the release of aroma and taste molecules. While the key aromatic compounds released from oak wood have been identified, the bitter and sweet molecular determinants remain largely unknown. The first objective of this work was to bring new insights on the families of molecules already identified in oak wood: lignans and coumarins. First, a significant impact of (±)-lyoniresinol on spirits bitterness has been demonstrated. Then, sensory analysis showed the contribution of six coumarins to bitter taste of wines and spirits by synergistic effect. Fraxetin was identified for the first time in all three matrices of the study. In the second part of this work, the contribution of oak wood toasting to wine sweet taste has been studied, which allowed to confirm and to interpret empirical observations. Indeed, the aim of this study was to isolate new taste-active compounds, according to two different methods. For the first one, a fractionation protocol of oak wood extracts has been established. Separation techniques coupled with gustatometry allowed the purification of eleven taste-active compounds. Their identification has been carried out by HRMS and NMR. For the second method, a targeted approach has been used following a metabolomic screening by HRMS on several eaux-de-vie of Cognac. Two new taste-active molecules have been purified. These new markers have been quantified in several oak wood extracts, wines and spirits. The influence of oenological parameters on its content has been studied
Cretin, Blandine. "Recherches sur les déterminants moléculaires contribuant à l’équilibre gustatif des vins secs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0289/document.
Full textDry wines taste balance is mainly based on bitter and sweet tastes, whose molecular determinants have been only partially explained. The first key objective was the study of the gustatory contribution of oak lignans. Nine compounds were identified in wines for the first time. (±)-lyoniresinol has been established as the bitterest and the most abundant of the isolated lignans. Its two enantiomers have been resolved, characterized by VCD and their tasting revealed that only (+)-lyoniresinol is bitter and modifies wine taste. In the second part of this work, the contribution of grapes to wine sweet taste has been studied. The combination between vinification experimentations and sensorial tools showed a gain of sweetness during a warm post-fermentative maceration as well as an influence of grape seeds on dry wine sweetness. A fractionation protocol of grape seeds macerates and wines has been established. Separation techniques coupled with gustatometry allowed the isolation of six taste active compounds. Several markers of dry wines sweetness have been identified by FTMS and NMR: the mix of two new compounds, 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic-2-O-β-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic-2-O-β-glucopyranoside acids; gallic-4-O-β-glucopyranoside acid and epi-DPA-3′-O-β-glucopyranoside acid, identified for the first time in wines, ILA-Glc and astilbin. These new markers have been quantified in wines and in different parts of grape berry in order to refine their localization and to establish their gustatory contribution
Hutchinson, Ucrecia Faith. "Biochemical processes for Balsamic-styled vinegar engineering." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3048.
Full textThe South African wine industry is constantly facing several challenges which affect the quality of wine, the local/global demand and consequently the revenue generated. These challenges include the ongoing drought, bush fires, climate change and several liquor amendment bills aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol outlets in South Africa. It is therefore critical for the wine industry to expand and find alternative ways in which sub-standard or surplus wine grapes can be used to prevent income losses and increase employment opportunities. Traditional Balsamic Vinegar (TBV) is a geographically and legislative protected product produced only in a small region in Italy. However, the methodology can be used to produce similar vinegars in other regions. Balsamic-styled vinegar (BSV), as defined in this thesis, is a vinegar produced by partially following the methods of TBV while applying process augmentation techniques. Balsamic-styled vinegar is proposed to be a suitable product of sub-standard quality or surplus wine grapes in South Africa. However, the production of BSV necessitates the use of cooked (high sugar) grape must which is a less favourable environment to the microorganisms used during fermentation. Factors that negatively affect the survival of the microorganisms include low water activity due to the cooking, high osmotic pressure and high acidity. To counteract these effects, methods to improve the survival of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts and acetic acid bacteria used are essential. The primary aim of this study was to investigate several BSV process augmentation techniques such as, aeration, agitation, cell immobilization, immobilized cell reusability and oxygen mass transfer kinetics in order to improve the performance of the microbial consortium used during BSV production. The work for this study was divided into four (4) phases. For all the phases a microbial consortium consisting of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (n=5) and acetic acid bacteria (n=5) was used. Inoculation of the yeast and bacteria occurred simultaneously. The 1st phase of the study entailed evaluating the effect of cells immobilized by gel entrapment in Ca-alginate beads alongside with free-floating cells (FFC) during the production of BSV. Two Ca-alginate bead sizes were tested i.e. small (4.5 mm) and large (8.5 mm) beads to evaluate the effects of surface area or bead size on the overall acetification rates. Ca-alginate beads and FFC fermentations were also evaluated under static and agitated (135 rpm) conditions. The 2nd phase of the study involved studying the cell adsorption technique for cell immobilization which was carried-out using corncobs (CC) and oak wood chips (OWC), while comparing to FFC fermentations. At this phase of the study, other vinegar bioreactor parameters such as agitation and aeration were studied in contrast to static fermentations. One agitation setting (135 rpm) and two aeration settings were tested i.e. high (0.3 vvm min−1) and low (0.15 vvm min−1) aeration conditions. Furthermore, to assess the variations in cell adsorption capabilities among individual yeast and AAB cells, the quantification of cells adsorbed on CC and OWC prior- and post-fermentation was conducted using the dry cell weight method. The 3rd phase of the study entailed evaluating the reusability abilities of all the matrices (small Ca-alginate beads, CC and OWC) for successive fermentations. The immobilized cells were evaluated for reusability on two cycles of fermentation under static conditions. Furthermore, the matrices used for cell immobilization were further analysed for structure integrity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the 1st cycle of fermentations. The 3rd phase of the study also involved the sensorial (aroma and taste) evaluations of the BSV’s obtained from the 1st cycle of fermentation in order to understand the sensorial effects of the Ca-alginate beads, CC and OWC on the final BSV. The 4th phase of the study investigated oxygen mass transfer kinetics during non-aerated and aerated BSV fermentation. The dynamic method was used to generate several dissolved oxygen profiles at different stages of the fermentation. Consequently, the data obtained from the dynamic method was used to compute several oxygen mass transfer parameters, these include oxygen uptake rate ( 𝑟𝑟𝑂𝑂2 ), the stoichiometric coefficient of oxygen consumption vs acid yield (𝑌𝑌𝑂𝑂/𝐴𝐴), the oxygen transfer rate (𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 ), and the volumetric mass transfer coefficients (𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎). During all the phases of the study samples were extracted on weekly intervals to evaluate pH, sugar, salinity, alcohol and total acidity using several analytical instruments. The 4th phase of the study involved additional analytical tools, i.e. an oxygen µsensor to evaluate dissolved oxygen and the ‘Speedy breedy’ to measure the respiratory activity of the microbial consortium used during fermentation. The data obtained from the 1st phase of the study demonstrated that smaller Ca-alginate beads resulted in higher (4.0 g L-1 day−1) acetification rates compared to larger (3.0 g L-1 day−1) beads, while freely suspended cells resulted in the lowest (0.6 g L-1 day−1) acetification rates. The results showed that the surface area of the beads had a substantial impact on the acetification rates when gel entrapped cells were used for BSV fermentation. The 2nd phase results showed high acetification rates (2.7 g L-1 day−1) for cells immobilized on CC in contrast to cells immobilized on OWC and FFC, which resulted in similar and lower acetification rates. Agitated fermentations were unsuccessful for all the treatments (CC, OWC and FFC) studied. Agitation was therefore assumed to have promoted cell shear stress causing insufficient acetification during fermentations. Low aerated fermentations resulted in better acetification rates between 1.45–1.56 g L-1 day−1 for CC, OWC and FFC. At a higher aeration setting, only free-floating cells were able to complete fermentations with an acetification rate of 1.2 g L-1 day−1. Furthermore, the adsorption competence data showed successful adsorption on CC and OWC for both yeasts and AAB with variations in adsorption efficiencies, whereby OWC displayed a lower cell adsorption capability compared to CC. On the other hand, OWC were less efficient adsorbents due to their smooth surface, while the rough surface and porosity of CC led to improved adsorption and, therefore, enhanced acetification rates. The 3rd phase results showed a substantial decline in acetification rates on the 2nd cycle of fermentations when cells immobilized on CC and OWC were reused. While cells entrapped in Ca-alginate beads were able to complete the 2nd cycle of fermentations at reduced acetification rates compared to the 1st cycle of fermentations. The sensory results showed positive ratings for BSV’s produced using cells immobilized in Ca-alginate beads and CC. However, BSV’s produced using OWC treatments were neither ‘liked nor disliked’ by the judges. The SEM imaging results further showed a substantial loss of structural integrity for Ca-alginate beads after the 1st cycle fermentations, with minor changes in structural integrity of CC being observed after the 1st cycle fermentations. OWC displayed the same morphological structure before and after the 1st cycle fermentations which was attributed to their robustness. Although Ca-alginate beads showed a loss in structural integrity, it was still assumed that Ca-alginate beads provided better protection against the harsh environmental conditions in contrast to CC and OWC adsorbents due to the acetification rates obtained on both cycles. The 4th phase data obtained from the computations showed that non-aerated fermentations had a higher 𝑌𝑌𝑂𝑂/𝐴𝐴, 𝑟𝑟𝑂𝑂2 , 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 and a higher 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 . It was clear that aerated fermentations had a lower aeration capacity due to an inappropriate aeration system design and an inappropriate fermentor. Consequently, aeration led to several detrimental biochemical changes in the fermentation medium thus affecting 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 and several oxygen mass transfer parameters which serve as a driving force. Overall, it was concluded that the best method for BSV production is the use of cells entrapped in small alginate beads or cells adsorbed on CC under static and non-aerated fermentations. This conclusion was based on several factors such as cell affinity/cell protection, acetification rates, fermentation period and sensorial contributions. However, cells entrapped in Ca-alginate beads had the highest acetification rates. The oxygen mass transfer computations demonstrated a high 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 when Ca-alginate beads were used under static-non-aerated conditions compared to fermentations treated with CC. Therefore, a fermentor with a high aeration capacity needs to be designed to best suit the two BSV production systems (Ca-alginate beads and CC). It is also crucial to develop methods which can increase the robustness of Ca-alginate beads in order to improve cell retention and reduce the loss of structural integrity for subsequent cycles of fermentation. Studies to define parameters used for upscaling the BSV production process for large scale productions are also crucial.
Hamada, Joël. "Effet de la variabilité intra et interspécifique du bois sur les procédés de traitement thermique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0254/document.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development which has seen the introduction of the biocides directive BPD 98/8/CE in the EU, innovative wood preservation practices such as Heat Treatment (HT) become relevant. Wood HT, also termed wood thermal modification, is a physical modification technology by which wood is heated at around 200 °C in an inert atmosphere. The main purpose of the treatment is to improve the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. Current studies on thermally modified wood (TMW) quality are focusing on treated material, on treatment conditions or on species effect on the end-product characteristics. Relatively little is known about the effect of intrinsic wood properties on its thermal modification. As wood properties vary especially under the influence of human activities through sylviculture, this thesis studied the effect of European oak and silver fir wood density and chemical composition on their thermal modification kinetic. An X rays computed tomography (CT) and densitometer were used to characterize wood samples. Boards were heat-treated by conduction under vacuum using a pilot furnace, whereas sawdust samples underwent thermo-gravimetric analysis under nitrogen. The analysis allowed finding intra- and interspecific variations, especially within growth rings and along radial direction (from pith to bark). Forest management impacted heat modification kinetic of the studied samples, especially in silver fir where fast grown wood was more sensitive to treatment. The finding will be used as additional information to the wood industry which will account for homogeneity of loadings destined to heat treatment
Newell, Felicity L. "A Bird’s Eye View of the Forest: How Does Canopy Openness Affect Canopy Songbirds?" The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276875484.
Full textDaya, Abdelmajid. "Études des contraintes de croissance des arbres sur pied d'eucalyptus grandis et du chêne vert : caractérisation et valorisation sous forme de bois collé." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Daya.Abdelmajid.SMZ0615.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study is to measure the growth stress indicators (GSI) of the wood of grown Eucalypti and holm oak and to determine the technological properties for the valorization of these two species in the form of glued wood. Three trees of grown Eucalypti and holm oak were studied. Tensile specimens with massive wood and glued wood (end to end and in bevel), and DCB specimens with massive wood and glued wood were prepared. The quality of the assembly is treated by a probabilistic model based on the Weibull's statistical approach permitting to predict the reliability of the glued systems. The GSI, measured in the periphery of the trees, characterize the state of the wood formed in the very last years. The GSI distribution revealed generally that these two species have different behaviours. The grown Eucalyptus and the holm oak present a high nervousness. These obtained characteristics allowed us to classify them in a hard to half-hard wood, nervous, of strong shrinkage and an average rigidity. The massive wood presents a brittle behaviour with a fracture stress of the holm-oak twice bigger than that of the grown eucalyptus , although the glued wood (end to end or beveled) presents a ductile behaviour with a fracture stress almost the same for these two types of assembly. The Weibull coefficient m of the massive wood of these two species is weaker than that of the glued wood. The measurement of the restitution rate of the energy (toughness) of the massive wood and glued wood of grown eucalyptus and holm-oak has been experimentally achieved using the compliance method. The massive wood of these species is stronger than the glued wood. This latter has a higher toughness than that of the glued polyurethane. The average value of the experimentally determined toughness is very close to that calculated by the finite element code CASTEM 2000, which is greater than those found by ASTM and two embedded beams methods. In the massive wood, the crack initiates in the plan of low strength and the types of fracture observed during its propagation are intercellular and transcellular. In the glued wood the crack starts in the glue joint for the holm-oak, and both in the glue and wood for the grown eucalyptus. Whereas, its propagation is always adhesive for the holm-oak and mixed for the grown eucalyptus (alternately in wood and glue)
Prothero, John. "Ring Width and Ring Diameter as Functions of Ring Number in Suppressed Maples and Oaks." Tree-Ring Society, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262379.
Full textFurlong, Brittani N. Furlong. "Anuran Response to Woody Plant Management in the Oak Openings Region." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1471622169.
Full textSlaghenaufi, Davide. "Contribution à la caractérisation des précurseurs d’arôme glycosylés du bois de chêne." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21987/document.
Full textThe presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in oak barrels induces an increase in wood volatile compounds concentration. This phenomenon could be due to the glycosidic activity of LAB. The glucosidic precursor of a major woody aroma compound (oak lactone) was identified and quantified in oak wood but no data was available concerning the presence of other flavor precursors in oak wood. This study showed that monoglycosidic precursors did not exist in oak, in spirits and in wines. The study was performed by UPLC-FT/MS, using vanillin-β-D-glucopyranoside, vanillin-β-D-xylopyranoside, and coniferaldehyde-β-D-glucopyranoside as standards. These molecules were synthesized by phase transfer reaction. Purification of a vanillin glycoside precursor was done by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The choice of the solvent system was based on an equal distribution in both phases of the aromas released by enzymatic hydrolysis. This led to the determination of the new concept, the activity partition coefficient Kca. After purification and fractionation, vanillin galloylglucoside, trimethoxyphenol-galloylglucoside and macarangioside E were isolated from wood and identified by HPLC-ESI-MS and NMR analysis. These precursors were quantified in different oak species by HPLC-QqQ-MS. These three compounds are precursors of vanillin, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol and 3-oxo-α-ionol respectively. The macarangioside E can lead by thermal degradation, to megastigmatrienone and 4-oxo-isophorone which have aromatic notes of tobacco and incense. These compounds are involved in the woody aroma of the wine and the genesis of the bouquet
Tavakol, M. Hossien. "Production and nutrient cycling in three Scottish oak woods on contrasting soils." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317316.
Full textMora, Sala Beatriz. "Detection and identification of Phytophthora spp. in woody plant nurseries and holm oak forests." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/153808.
Full text[ES] Phytophthora es uno de los géneros fitopatógenos más relevantes y agresivos en la agricultura y silvicultura. Muestreos realizados en la última década han revelado una gran cantidad de interacciones entre especies de Phytophthora y plantas, desconocidas con anterioridad. La introducción de nuevos patógenos de suelo, como Phytophthora en los bosques de Fagaceae, modifica la comunidad microbiana presente en la rizosfera, con importantes consecuencias ambientales y económicas. El género Quercus es uno de los géneros de Fagaceae más extendidos en Europa, y Quercus ilex es la especie dominante en España. El vínculo entre la dispersión de Phytophthora en los ecosistemas naturales y las actividades del ser humano, ha sido previamente estudiado. Numerosos muestreos en viveros y espacios públicos, mostraron la presencia de gran diversidad de especies de Phytophthora que podían suponer una amenaza para la producción y los ecosistemas naturales. En este contexto, se realizó un muestreo de viveros ornamentales y forestales en cuatro comunidades autónomas españolas, centrándose en los posibles síntomas asociados a Phytophthora en diferentes hospedantes e incluyendo muestras de agua de los viveros. Los resultados mostraron 17 filotipos de Phytophthora que afectan a 22 especies vegetales incluidas en 19 géneros. Algunas de estas interacciones se citaron por primera vez en España. Entre los patógenos de suelo aislados en los viveros, se identificó una gran cantidad de formas asexuales tipo Cylindrocarpon en las raíces de hospedantes leñosos. Se caracterizó una colección de aislados mediante estudios morfológicos y moleculares. Se identificaron 12 especies pertenecientes a los géneros Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria e Ilyonectria en hospedantes pertenecientes a 15 géneros y otras cuatro nuevas especies se describieron. El estudio demostró la prevalencia de este grupo fúngico asociado con plántulas de diversos hospedantes que muestran síntomas de decaimiento en viveros forestales. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad de Q. ilex a la inoculación con ocho especies de Phytophthora obtenidas de muestreos en viveros. Las especies más agresivas fueron Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora gonapodyides, Phytophthora plurivora y Phytophthora psychrophila, seguidas de Phytophthora megasperma, mientras que Phytophthora quercina y Phytophthora nicotianae fueron las especies menos agresivas. Los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo de patogenicidad confirmaron que todas las especies de Phytophthora evaluadas podrían representar una amenaza para los encinares. En este contexto, se realizó un estudio para verificar la presencia y / o detección de especies de Phytophthora en dos áreas de España (dehesas del sudoeste y bosque del noreste) utilizando diferentes métodos de aislamiento y detección. El aislamiento directo y el método de trampeo vegetal en muestras obtenidas a partir de encinas con y sin decaimiento, identificaron Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. megasperma y Phytophthora pseudocryptogea en las dehesas, mientras que, en el bosque del noreste, no se aisló Phytophthora spp. Los análisis estadísticos indicaron que no había una relación significativa entre la frecuencia de aislamiento de las especies de Phytophthora y la expresión de los síntomas de la enfermedad en las encinas de las dehesas. Además, P. quercina se detectó con mayor frecuencia que P. cinnamomi en las dos áreas estudiadas utilizando sondas TaqMan de PCR a tiempo real. Se evaluaron seis masas de Q. ilex ubicadas en tres comunidades autónomas de España mediante “Next Generation Sequencing” (NGS) para tener un mayor conocimiento sobre la diversidad de Phytophthora spp. en los bosques de encinas. Se detectaron 37 filotipos de Phytophthora pertenecientes a los clados 1 al 12, excepto los clados 4, 5 y 11, lo que demuestra una gran diversidad de Phytophthora en los encinares estudiados. Los filotipos más abundantes fueron P. quercina, P. psychrophila, P. cinnamomi y P. plurivora.
[EN] Phytophthora is one of the most relevant and aggressive plant pathogenic genus in agriculture and forestry. Due to the increasing environmental threat of invasive plant pathogens, monitoring new areas in the last decade has revealed a large number of new Phytophthora species-plant host interactions. The introduction of soilborne pathogens, such as Phytophthora in Fagaceae forests modifies the microbial community present in the rhizosphere with relevant environmental and economic consequences. The genus Quercus is one of the most extended Fagaceae genera in Europe, and Q. ilex is the dominant tree in Spain. The link between Phytophthora dispersion in natural ecosystems and human derived activities has been previously studied. Numerous sampling in nurseries and public spaces revealed a great diversity of Phytophthora species that compromised production and threated natural ecosystems. In this context, sampling ornamental and forest nurseries in four Spanish regions was carried out focusing on possible symptoms associated to Phytophthora on different hosts and including water samples from the nurseries. The results showed 17 Phytophthora phylotypes affecting 22 plant species included in 19 plant genera and some of them reported for the first time in Spain. Among the soilborne pathogens isolated in the nurseries, a large number of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs were identified from the roots of woody hosts. A collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from Spanish nurseries was characterised by morphological and molecular studies. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera and other four species were newly described. The study demonstrated the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain. The susceptibility of Quercus ilex to the inoculation with eight Phytophthora species obtained from nurseries was evaluated. The most aggressive species were Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora gonapodyides, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora psychrophila followed by Phytophthora megasperma, while Phytophthora quercina and Phytophthora nicotianae were the least aggressive species. Results obtained in the pathogenicity test confirmed that all Phytophthora species tested could represent a threat to holm oak ecosystems. In this context, a study to verify the presence and/or detection of Phytophthora species was conducted in two holm oak areas of Spain (southwestern dehesas and northeastern woodland) using different isolation and detection methods. Direct isolation and baiting methods in declining and non-declining holm oak trees revealed Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. megasperma, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea in the dehesas, while in the northeastern woodland, no Phytophthora spp. were recovered. Statistical analyses indicated that there was not a significant relationship between the Phytophthora spp. isolation frequency and the disease expression of the holm oak stands in the dehesas. Phytophthora quercina and P. cinnamomi TaqMan real-time PCR probes showed that P. quercina was detected in a higher frequency than P. cinnamomi in both studied areas. A better understanding of the Phytophthora spp. diversity in holm oak forests was assessed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in six Q. ilex stands located in three regions in Spain. Thirty-seven Phytophthora phylotypes belonging to clades 1 to 12, except for clades 4, 5 and 11, were detected in this study, demonstrating a high diversity of Phytophthora species in holm oak Spanish forests. The most abundant phylotypes were P. quercina, P. psychrophila, P. cinnamomi and P. plurivora. In summary, this Thesis demonstrated a high diversity of Phytophthora and Cylindrocarpon-like species in Spanish nurseries, reporting new pathogen-plant host in
[CA] Phytophthora és un dels gèneres fitopatògens més rellevants i agressius en l'agricultura i la silvicultura. Mostrejos realitzats en l'última dècada han revelat una gran quantitat d'interaccions desconegudes fins ara entre espècies de Phytophthora i plantes. La introducció de nous patògens del sòl, com Phytophthora en els boscos de Fagaceae, modifica la comunitat microbiana present en la rizosfera, amb importants conseqüències ambientals i econòmiques. El gènere Quercus és un dels gèneres de Fagaceae més estesos a Europa, i Quercus ilex és l'espècie dominant a Espanya. El vincle entre la dispersió de Phytophthora en els ecosistemes naturals i les activitats de l'ésser humà, ja ha sigut estudiat prèviament. Nombrosos mostrejos en vivers i espais públics, van mostrar la presència d'una gran diversitat d'espècies de Phytophthora que podien suposar una amenaça per a la producció i els ecosistemes naturals. En aquest context, es va realitzar un mostreig de vivers ornamentals i forestals en quatre comunitats autònomes espanyoles, centrant-se en els possibles símptomes associats a Phytophthora en diferents hostes i incloent mostres d'aigua dels vivers. Els resultats van mostrar 17 filotipus de Phytophthora que afecten 22 espècies vegetals incloses en 19 gèneres. Algunes d'aquestes 'interaccions es van citar per primera vegada a Espanya. Entre els patògens del sòl aïllats en els vivers, es va identificar una gran quantitat de formes asexuals tipus Cylindrocarpon en les arrels de plantes llenyoses. Es va caracteritzar una col·lecció d'aïllats mitjançant estudis morfològics i moleculars. Es van identificar 12 espècies pertanyents als gèneres Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria i Ilyonectria en hostes pertanyents a 15 gèneres i altres quatre noves espècies es van descriure. L'estudi va demostrar la prevalença d'aquest grup fúngic associat amb plàntules de diversos hostes que mostren símptomes de decaïment en vivers forestals espanyols. Es va avaluar la susceptibilitat de Q. ilex a la inoculació amb huit espècies de Phytophthora obtingudes de mostrejos en vivers. Les espècies més agressives van ser Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora gonapodyides, Phytophthora plurivora i Phytophthora psychrophila, seguides de Phytophthora megasperma, mentre que Phytophthora quercina i Phytophthora nicotianae van ser les espècies menys agressives. Els resultats obtinguts en l'assaig de patogenicitat van confirmar que totes les espècies de Phytophthora avaluades podrien representar una amenaça per als ecosistemes d'alzines. En aquest context, es va realitzar un estudi per a verificar la presència i / o detecció d'espècies de Phytophthora en dues àrees d'Espanya (deveses del sud-oest i bosc del nord-est) utilitzant diferents mètodes d'aïllament i detecció. L'aïllament directe i el mètode de parany vegetal en mostres obtingudes a partir d'alzines, amb i sense decaïment, van identificar Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. megasperma i Phytophthora pseudocryptogea en les deveses, mentre que, en el bosc del nord-est, no es va aïllar Phytophthora spp. Les anàlisis estadístiques van indicar que no hi havia una relació significativa entre la freqüència d'aïllament de les espècies de Phytophthora i l'expressió dels símptomes de la malaltia en les alzines en les deveses. A més, P. quercina es va detectar amb major freqüència que P. cinnamomi en les dues àrees estudiades utilitzant sondes TaqMan de PCR a temps real. Es van avaluar sis masses de Q. ilex situades en tres comunitats autònomes d'Espanya mitjançant "Next Generation Sequencing" (NGS) per a tindre un major coneixement sobre la diversitat de Phytophthora spp. en els boscos d'alzines. Es van detectar 37 filotipus de Phytophthora pertanyents als clades 1 al 12, excepte els clades 4, 5 i 11, la qual cosa demostra una gran diversitat d'espècies de Phytophthora en els alzinars estudiats. Els filotipus més abundants van ser P. quercina, P. psychrophila, P. cinnamomi i P. plurivora.
Mora Sala, B. (2020). Detection and identification of Phytophthora spp. in woody plant nurseries and holm oak forests [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153808
TESIS
Compendio
Henman, G. S. "'Shake' defects and wood structure variations in British oaks (Quercus spp.)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shake-defects-and-wood-structure-variations-in-british-oaks-quercus-spp(124e6162-d6f4-4e61-a985-ad5e4edef257).html.
Full textGraham, John B. "Forest Fuel and Fire Dynamics in Mixed-oak Forests of Southeastern Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1132005826.
Full textNoyes, Mark Lee. "Tree Canopy Increases Native Woody Understory Richness and Abundance in a Grazed Oak Woodland System." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546238.
Full textWithin Mediterranean ecosystems, conservation and restoration action is becoming increasingly necessary to preserve biological diversity within these working landscapes. Many of these systems have been managed to increase forage production through the removal of canopy trees and shrubs, resulting in understories dominated by herbaceous species. In California, woody plant regeneration can be constrained by exotic annual grasses, particularly in the presence of grazing. Quercus douglasii and other oak species are known to indirectly facilitate and provide spatial refuges to native plants through competitive suppression of herbaceous productivity. Mature trees can also compete with understory recruits and shrub species, limiting their occurrences to interstitial canopy gaps and resulting in reduced competition for resources. This study surveyed the overstory composition of 34 study plots at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center to determine the effects of tree canopies on the occurrence and distribution of native woody species in the undergrowth. Because other studies have shown safesites, which include rock outcroppings, woodpiles, and nurse plants to facilitate woody plant establishment in this system, the microsites containing individual plants were recorded to determine the distribution of different woody species. Multivariate regressions showed that understory plant richness and abundance increased with higher levels of canopy cover, suggesting that mature trees play a role in maintaining understory diversity. The majority of stems were found growing directly underneath the canopy, with only one species established primarily in interstitial areas. Restoration strategies can utilize the natural distributions of woody species in the understory in order to increase the survival of plantings while continuing to manage these systems for multiple ecosystem services.