Journal articles: 'OA Week 2016'

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Chang, Ssu-Yu, Yi-Jia Lin, Wei-Chun Hsu, Lin-Fen Hsieh, Yuan-Hsiang Lin, Chao-Chin Chang, You-Cai Chou, and Li-Fei Chen. "Exercise Alters Gait Pattern but Not Knee Load in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7468937.

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Six female patients with bilateral medial knee OA and 6 healthy controls were recruited. Patients with knee OA received a 6-week physiotherapist-supervised and home-based exercise program. Outcome measures, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey as well as objective biomechanical indices were obtained at baseline and follow-up. After treatment, no significant difference was observed in the knee abductor moment (KAM), lever arm, and ground reaction force. We, however, observed significantly improved pain and physical function as well as altered gait patterns, including a higher hip flexor moment and hip extension angle with a faster walking speed. Although KAM was unchanged, patients with bilateral knee OA showed an improved walking speed and altered the gait pattern after 6 weeks of supervised exercise. This finding suggests that the exercise intervention improves proximal joint mechanics during walking and can be considered for patients with bilateral knee OA. Non-weight-bearing strengthening without external resistance combined with stretching exercise may be an option to improve pain and function in individuals with OA who cannot perform high resistance exercises owing to pain or other reasons.

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Berenbaum, Francis, Francisco J. Blanco, Ali Guermazi, Kenji Miki, Takaharu Yamabe, Lars Viktrup, Rod Junor, et al. "Subcutaneous tanezumab for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: efficacy and safety results from a 24-week randomised phase III study with a 24-week follow-up period." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, no. 6 (March 31, 2020): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216296.

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ObjectiveTanezumab, a nerve growth factor inhibitor, was investigated for osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee in a study with 24-week treatment and 24-week safety follow-up.MethodsThis double-blind, randomised, phase III study enrolled adults in Europe and Japan with moderate-to-severe OA who had not responded to or could not tolerate standard-of-care analgesics. Patients were randomised to tanezumab 2.5 mg or 5 mg subcutaneously or matching placebo every 8 weeks (three doses). Co-primary end points were change from baseline to week 24 in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain and Physical Function, and Patient’s Global Assessment of OA (PGA-OA). Joint safety and neurological assessments continued throughout the 48-week study.ResultsFrom March 2016 to December 2017, 849 patients were randomised and evaluated (placebo n=282, tanezumab 2.5 mg n=283, tanezumab 5 mg n=284). At week 24, there was a statistically significant improvement from baseline for tanezumab 5 mg compared with placebo for WOMAC Pain (least squares mean difference±SE –0.62±0.18, p=0.0006), WOMAC Physical Function (–0.71±0.17, p<0.0001) and PGA-OA (–0.19±0.07, p=0.0051). For tanezumab 2.5 mg, there was a statistically significant improvement in WOMAC Pain and Physical Function, but not PGA-OA. Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis (RPOA) was observed in 1.4% (4/283) and 2.8% (8/284) of patients in the tanezumab 2.5 mg and tanezumab 5 mg groups, respectively and none receiving placebo. Total joint replacements (TJRs) were similarly distributed across all three treatment groups (6.7%–7.8%). Tanezumab-treated patients experienced more paraesthesia (5 mg) and hypoaesthesia (both doses) than placebo.ConclusionTanezumab 5 mg statistically significantly improved pain, physical function and PGA-OA, but tanezumab 2.5 mg only achieved two co-primary end points. RPOA occurred more frequently with tanezumab 5 mg than tanezumab 2.5 mg. TJRs were similarly distributed across all three groups.Trial registration numberNCT02709486.

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Emran, Mohammed, Md Israt Hasan, Syed Mozaffar Ahmed, Md Abu Shahin, Fatema Newaz, Badrunnessa Ahmed, Md Mahfuzul Alam, and Hasan Habibur Rahman. "Habitual Physical Exercise and Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Female." Bangladesh Medical Journal 48, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i3.51796.

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The study aimed to evaluate the association of recreational (habitual) physical activities with the osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in the female. The case-control study was carried out at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in the year 2016 and 2017. The total participants were 174 female selected purposively with the age range of 40 – 70 years, among them 87 were the cases with OA of the knee, and the same number of the same age group were included as the control without OA of the knee. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. High level of physical activities (20 or more miles per week) was associated with OA of the knee, whereas moderate level of physical activities (10-20 miles/per week) and low level of physical activities (<10miles/per week) had no significant association with the OA of the knee. This study reveled the relationship of the physical activity and OA of the knee. Continue physical activity according to the public health guideline, may eliminate this such physical problem for the general health promotion and particularly to prevent the OA of the knee. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 39-42

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Yetisir, Fahri, Akgün Ebru Sarer, Hasan Zafer Acar, Gokhan Osmanoglu, Mehmet Özer, and Faik Yaylak. "Management of a Septic Open Abdomen Patient with Spontaneous Jejunal Perforation after Emergent C/S with Confounding Factor of Mild Acute Pancreatitis." Case Reports in Surgery 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7153579.

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Introduction. We report the management of a septic Open Abdomen (OA) patient by the help of negative pressure therapy (NPT) and abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA) system in pregnant woman with spontaneous jejunal perforation after emergent cesarean section (C/S) with confounding factor of mild acute pancreatitis (AP).Presentation of Case. A 29-year-old and 34-week pregnant woman with AP underwent C/S. She was arrested after anesthesia induction and responded to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). There were only ash-colored serosanguinous fluid within abdomen during C/S. After C/S, she was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) with vasopressor support. On postoperative 1st day, she underwent reoperation due to fecal fluid coming near the drainage. Leakage point could not be identified exactly and operation had to be deliberately abbreviated due to hemodynamic instability. NPT was applied. Two days later source control was provided by conversion of enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) to jejunostomy. ABRA was added and OA was closed. No hernia developed at 10-month follow-up period.Conclusion. NPT application in septic OA patient may gain time to patient until adequate source control could be achieved. Using ABRA in conjunction with NPT increases the fascial closure rate in infected OA patient.

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Ryu, Mikyung, Sol Lee, Ho Kim, Weon-Chil Baek, and Heejin Kimm. "Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women with Osteoarthritis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020527.

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Background: There have been few studies reporting the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and osteoarthritis (OA) in female subjects performing aerobic exercise or not. The aim of this study is to compare HRQoL between OA patients and non-OA subjects in middle aged Korean women (40–59 years) with/without aerobic physical activity, and also to identify an association between EQ-5D instrument based HRQoL and OA controlling for aerobic exercise. Methods: This study used the cross-sectional data, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNANES) from 2016 to 2017. We only selected those who had completed the evaluations of aerobic physical activity and osteoarthritis diagnosis. In total, 2445 middle aged women were finally selected for this study. The European quality of life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) was used for the evaluation of HRQoL as a dependent variable. In socio-demographic factors, age, sex, income level, education level, marital status, economic activity, type of insurance and private insurance and behaviour-related factors were included. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the EQ-5D index and multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify associated factors with the EQ-5D index. Results: In total, 2445 middle aged women were included in this study, in which 2209 participants were normal (90.0%) with aerobic physical activity (no: 55.0%, yes: 45.0%) and 246 participants were diagnosed with osteoarthritis (10.0%) with aerobic physical activity (no: 56.1%, yes: 43.9%). In group 2-2 (OA with aerobic), the moderate level of muscle exercise (less than 5 days per week) showed the highest HRQoL (p < 0.05) and high level exercise showed the lowest HRQoL (p < 0.05). In menopause status, the participants under menopause status showed lower HRQoL (p < 0.05) than those not under menopause status in group 2-2 (OA with aerobic) only. Conclusions: The HRQoL of OA patients was significantly lower than that of normal participants in middle aged Korean women (40–59 years). Especially, OA patients with maintained aerobic physical activity showed significantly higher HRQoL than those without that under controlling covariates such as age, income level, education level, marital status, economic activity, type of insurance, etc.

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Loo, Hou Chan, Fairuz Osman, Siew Lee Ho, Sing Yee An, Yim Mei Au Yong, and Ee Ming Khoo. "Incidence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough in a Malaysian public primary care clinic: A retrospective cohort study." Malaysian Family Physician 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/oa.80.

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Introduction: The incidence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)-induced cough has been reported between 5% and 30% but is unknown in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ACEi-induced cough and its associated factors in a public primary care clinic in Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients who were initiated ACEi between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, and reviewed until July 31, 2016. A total of 1,091 patients were newly prescribed ACEi, and 394 patients were eligible for this study. We excluded patients who defaulted follow-ups with no further clinic visits before July 31, 2016, were transferred to the clinic without the recorded date of ACEi initiation, were transferred to other clinics during the study period, were followed up at other clinics and attended the study clinic for a short period, or were given only a stat dose of ACEi. Results: Among the 394 patients initiated on ACEi, 225 (57.1%) were male, 369 (93.7%) were Malay, 376 (95.4%) had hypertension, and 192 (48.7%) had diabetes. The incidence of ACEi-induced cough was 24.1%, and 42 (10.7%) patients developed cough on the day of therapy initiation. There was no association between age, gender, ethnicity, type of ACEi, and cough. Conclusion: Approximately one quarter of patients developed cough after ACEi initiation, and approximately half of them developed cough within 1 week of ACEi initiation. Doctors should consider early follow-up for patients initiated on ACEi therapy to ensure adherence, quality of life, and minimise unnecessary treatment.

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Hu, Weiwei, Brett B. Palm, Douglas A. Day, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jordan E. Krechmer, Zhe Peng, Suzane S. de Sá, et al. "Volatility and lifetime against OH heterogeneous reaction of ambient isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 18 (September 19, 2016): 11563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11563-2016.

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Abstract. Isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) can contribute substantially to organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in forested areas under low NO conditions, hence significantly influencing the regional and global OA budgets, accounting, for example, for 16–36 % of the submicron OA in the southeastern United States (SE US) summer. Particle evaporation measurements from a thermodenuder show that the volatility of ambient IEPOX-SOA is lower than that of bulk OA and also much lower than that of known monomer IEPOX-SOA tracer species, indicating that IEPOX-SOA likely exists mostly as oligomers in the aerosol phase. The OH aging process of ambient IEPOX-SOA was investigated with an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). New IEPOX-SOA formation in the reactor was negligible, as the OFR does not accelerate processes such as aerosol uptake and reactions that do not scale with OH. Simulation results indicate that adding ∼ 100 µg m−3 of pure H2SO4 to the ambient air allows IEPOX-SOA to be efficiently formed in the reactor. The heterogeneous reaction rate coefficient of ambient IEPOX-SOA with OH radical (kOH) was estimated as 4.0 ± 2.0 × 10−13 cm3 molec−1 s−1, which is equivalent to more than a 2-week lifetime. A similar kOH was found for measurements of OH oxidation of ambient Amazon forest air in an OFR. At higher OH exposures in the reactor (> 1 × 1012 molec cm−3 s), the mass loss of IEPOX-SOA due to heterogeneous reaction was mainly due to revolatilization of fragmented reaction products. We report, for the first time, OH reactive uptake coefficients (γOH = 0.59 ± 0.33 in SE US and γOH = 0.68 ± 0.38 in Amazon) for SOA under ambient conditions. A relative humidity dependence of kOH and γOH was observed, consistent with surface-area-limited OH uptake. No decrease of kOH was observed as OH concentrations increased. These observations of physicochemical properties of IEPOX-SOA can help to constrain OA impact on air quality and climate.

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Emran, Mohammed, Md Israt Hasan, Syed Mozaffar Ahmed, Fatema Newaz, Md Atiquzzaman, and Hasan Habibur Rahman. "Habitual physical exercise and osteoarthritis of the knee in female." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i2.49018.

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Background: The exercise is a widely promoted way to improve and maintain health, and osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem also. The study was conducted to examine the impact of different types of leisure-time physical activity on the OA of the knee. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the association of recreational (habitual) physical activities with the osteoarthritis of the knee in the female. Methods: The case-control study was carried out on 174 female selected purposively with the age range of 40 – 70 years and above, from September 2016 to August 2017.Among them 87 were the cases with OA of the knee, and the same number of healthy females of the same age group were included as the control. Physical activity was assessed by self-reported regular exercise patterns. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Age, educational status, occupational status and BMI were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between the two groups. High level of physical activities (walking, running or jogging 20 or more miles per week) were associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, while low level of physical activities (<10miles/per week) and moderate level of physical activities (10-20 miles/per week) had no significant association with the osteoarthritis of the knee. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study suggests not to continue a high level of physical activities rather than to continue with moderate and low level of physical activity in accordance to subject’s physical propensity, and endorse this note for the general health promotion. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 99-103

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Kimura, Seiji, Satoshi Yamaguchi, and Yoshimasa Ono. "Measurement of Physical Activity Level in Patients with Ankle Osteoarthritis." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00300.

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Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Maintaining physical activity (PA) is important for reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases and fundamental to keep healthy. PA is reduced in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis, but PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis has not been clarified. The purpose of this research is to compare PA level and proportion of patients who meet recommendations for health between ankle osteoarthritis and control patients. Methods: The subjects were 50 patients with ankle osteoarthritis (OA group), and 50 patients with minor hand disease matched by age and gender (control Group), who visited our outpatient clinic from October 2016 to April 2019. Both groups had 16 men and 34 women, with an average age of 68 years for the OA group and 66 years for the control group. The visual analogue scale for foot pain was 5.5 on average in the OA group and 0.3 in the control group. The physical activity for one week was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare the number of steps per day and moderate or higher activity time between the OA group and the control group. The proportions of the OA group and the control group that met the recommendations set by Japan and the World Health Organization were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The number of steps per day was 4177 +- 2312 steps in the OA group and 6802 +- 2851 steps in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p <0.001). Moderate PA time was 448 +- 232 minutes in the OA group and 634 +- 336 minutes in the control group, OA group was significantly lower (p = 0.02). Vigorous PA time was no difference between the two groups. The WHO recommendations were met by 45 patients in the OA group and 48 in the control group, no difference. The Japanese criterion were met by 33 patients in the OA group and 46 in the control group, which was significantly lower in the OA group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PA of patients with ankle osteoarthritis was less than control patients. The proportion of patients meeting recommendations for health was lower in the OA group than the control group.

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Elser, Miriam, Ru-Jin Huang, Robert Wolf, Jay G. Slowik, Qiyuan Wang, Francesco Canonaco, Guohui Li, et al. "New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 5 (March 11, 2016): 3207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3207-2016.

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Abstract. During winter 2013–2014 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements were conducted for the first time with a novel PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) lens in two major cities of China: Xi'an and Beijing. We denote the periods with visibility below 2 km as extreme haze and refer to the rest as reference periods. During the measurements in Xi'an an extreme haze covered the city for about a week and the total non-refractory (NR)-PM2.5 mass fraction reached peak concentrations of over 1000 µg m−3. During the measurements in Beijing two extreme haze events occurred, but the temporal extent and the total concentrations reached during these events were lower than in Xi'an. Average PM2.5 concentrations of 537 ± 146 and 243 ± 47 µg m−3 (including NR species and equivalent black carbon, eBC) were recorded during the extreme haze events in Xi'an and Beijing, respectively. During the reference periods the measured average concentrations were 140 ± 99 µg m−3 in Xi'an and 75 ± 61 µg m−3 in Beijing. The relative composition of the NR-PM2.5 evolved substantially during the extreme haze periods, with increased contributions of the inorganic components (mostly sulfate and nitrate). Our results suggest that the high relative humidity present during the extreme haze events had a strong effect on the increase of sulfate mass (via aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide). Another relevant characteristic of the extreme haze is the size of the measured particles. During the extreme haze events, the AMS showed much larger particles, with a volume weighted mode at about 800 to 1000 nm, in contrast to about 400 nm during reference periods. These large particle sizes made the use of the PM2.5 inlet crucial, especially during the severe haze events, where 39 ± 5 % of the mass would have been lost in the conventional PM1 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 µm) inlet. A novel positive matrix factorization procedure was developed to apportion the sources of organic aerosols (OA) based on their mass spectra using the multilinear engine (ME-2) controlled via the source finder (SoFi). The procedure allows for an effective exploration of the solution space, a more objective selection of the best solution and an estimation of the rotational uncertainties. Our results clearly show an increase of the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) mass during extreme haze events. The contribution of OOA to the total OA increased from the reference to the extreme haze periods from 16.2 ± 1.1 to 31.3 ± 1.5 % in Xi'an and from 15.7 ± 0.7 to 25.0 ± 1.2 % in Beijing. By contrast, during the reference periods the total OA mass was dominated by domestic emissions of primary aerosols from biomass burning in Xi'an (42.2 ± 1.5 % of OA) and coal combustion in Beijing (55.2 ± 1.6 % of OA). These two sources are also mostly responsible for extremely high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations measured with the AMS (campaign average of 2.1 ± 2.0 µg m−3 and frequent peak concentrations above 10 µg m−3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data set where the simultaneous extraction of these two primary sources could be achieved in China by conducting on-line AMS measurements at two areas with contrasted emission patterns.

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Manolarakis, George E., Nick Kontodimopoulos, Dimitra Sifaki-Pistolla, and Dimitris Niakas. "Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the ICOAP Questionnaire through Intra-Articular Treatment of Osteoarthritic Pain: Implementation for the Greek Version." Arthritis 2016 (March 13, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6201802.

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Objectives. In this prospective study, we intend to establish the psychometric properties of ICOAP for its use in studies involving the Hellenic population. Methods. SF-36 Health Survey was used as a standard against ICOAP scores from a sample of 89 patients (mean age: 71.07, 69 females) with hip and knee OA pain who underwent 2 treatment cycles of 4 intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate, separated by a 12-week medication-free time interval. Both questionnaires were filled twice with no missing data during follow-up. Results. ROC analysis accomplished ICOAP’s criterion-related validation. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and paired samples t-test endorsed ICOAP’s responsiveness along with Effect Size values, standard response mean, and Relative Efficiency. Comparisons between the areas under curves (AUC) on ROC plots established external responsiveness. Cronbach’s-alpha value favored ICOAP’s internal consistency. This, along with intraclass correlation, results in both advocated reliability and content validity. Interitem discrimination was demonstrated by the ease of completion of ICOAP as well as the degree of familiarity with it. These findings inaugurated construct validity in collaboration with Spearman’s and One-Way ANOVA results. Conclusions. ICOAP is a valid, reliable, and responsive QoL instrument and suitable for studies of osteoarthritic joint pain in the Greek setting.

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Olagbegi, Oladapo Michael, Babatunde Olusola Adeleke Adegoke, and Adesola C. Odole. "Effectiveness of combined chain exercises on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i2.24808.

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Objective: This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of twelve-week open, closed and combined kinetic-chain exercises (OKCEs, CKCEs and CCEs) on pain and physical function (PF) in the management of knee osteoarthritis.Method: Ninety-six consecutive patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to one of OKCE, CKCE and CCE groups. Participants average daily pain (ADP), pain before and after walking (PBW and PAW), were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale while PF was assessed using Ibadan Knee/Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Measure.Results: Seventy-nine participants completed the study but data of another 4 participants who completed only 8-week treatment were included in data analysis (total=83; mean age = 61.10±13.75 years). The groups demographic and dependent variables were comparable at baseline but CCE group demonstrated significantly more reductions (p < 0.05) in ADP, PBW and PAW than OKCE and CKCE groups at weeks 4, 8 and 12 of the study. However, there were significant within group improvements (p < 0.05) in all four variables for the three groups. Conclusion: CCEs are better than OKCEs and CKCEs for pain reduction in though all three exercise regimens are singly effective. CCEs are recommended for improving treatment outcome for pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.178-188

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Nguyen, Christelle, Isabelle Boutron, Gabriel Baron, Emmanuel Coudeyre, Francis Berenbaum, Serge Poiraudeau, and François Rannou. "Evolution of pain at 3 months by oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL): protocol for a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e017652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017652.

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IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology is driven in part by joint inflammation. Resveratrol has in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. We aim to assess the efficacy of oral resveratrol for knee pain at 3 months in people with knee OA.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Overall, 164 individuals with knee OA fulfilling 1986 American College of Rheumatology criteria will be recruited in three tertiary care centres in France and randomised to receive oral resveratrol, 40 mg (two caplets) two times per day for 1 week, then 20 mg (one caplet) two times per day or a matching placebo for a total of 6 months. Randomisation will be centralised and stratified by centre. The allocation ratio of assignments will be 1:1. The primary outcome will be the mean change from baseline in knee pain on a self-administered 11-point pain Numeric Rating Scale at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will be the mean change in knee pain at 6 months, the function subscore of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, patient global assessment, proportion of responders according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International–Outcome Measures in Rheumatology criteria at 3 and 6 months, and self-reported number of intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid and consumption of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs since the last contact. Other interventions will be allowed and self-reported. Adherence will be monitored by capsule counts and a booklet and adverse events recorded at 3 and 6 months. Statisticians, treating physicians and participants will be blinded to the allocated treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL) trial has been authorised by theAgenceNationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santéand ethics were approved by theComité deProtection des Personnes Île-de-FranceIII. The findings of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences. The design of ARTHROL will warrant the translation of its findings into clinical practice.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02905799. Pre-results. First received: 14 September 2016. Last updated: 16 September 2016. Status: not yet recruiting.

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Suci, D. M., Supanti Supanti, Yudhi Setiyantari, and Romasta Napitupulu. "Pemberian Berbagai Level Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan Minyak Ikan (Centrophorus atromarginatus) dalam Ransum Puyuh terhadap Performa, Kolesterol dan Profil Asam Lemak Telur." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.18.1.24-31.

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The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

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15

Suci, D. M., Supanti Supanti, Yudhi Setiyantari, and Romasta Napitupulu. "Pemberian Berbagai Level Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan Minyak Ikan (Centrophorus atromarginatus) dalam Ransum Puyuh terhadap Performa, Kolesterol dan Profil Asam Lemak Telur." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.v18i1.30993.

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The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

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16

Shen, Xiaoli, Heike Vogel, Bernhard Vogel, Wei Huang, Claudia Mohr, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Thomas Leisner, André S. H. Prévôt, and Harald Saathoff. "Composition and origin of PM2.5 aerosol particles in the upper Rhine valley in summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 20 (October 25, 2019): 13189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13189-2019.

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Abstract. We conducted a 6-week measurement campaign in summer 2016 at a rural site about 11 km north of the city of Karlsruhe in southwest Germany in order to study the chemical composition and origin of aerosols in the upper Rhine valley. In particular, we deployed a single-particle mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF) and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) to provide complementary chemical information on aerosol particles smaller than 2.5 µm. For the entire measurement period, the total aerosol particle mass was dominated by sodium salts, contributing on average (36±27) % to the total single particles measured by the LAAPTOF. The total particulate organic compounds, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium contributed on average (58±12) %, (22±7) %, (10±1) %, and (9±3) % to the total non-refractory particle mass measured by the AMS. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis for the AMS data suggests that the total organic aerosol (OA) consisted of five components, including (9±7) % hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), (16±11) % semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), and (75±15) % low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA). The regional transport model COSMO-ART was applied for source apportionment and to achieve a better understanding of the impact of complex transport patterns on the field observations. Combining field observations and model simulations, we attributed high particle numbers and SO2 concentrations observed at this rural site to industrial emissions from power plants and a refinery in Karlsruhe. In addition, two characteristic episodes with aerosol particle mass dominated by sodium salts particles comprising (70±24) % of the total single particles and organic compounds accounting for (77±6) % of total non-refractory species, respectively, were investigated in detail. For the first episode, we identified relatively fresh and aged sea salt particles originating from the Atlantic Ocean more than 800 km away. These particles showed markers like m∕z 129 C5H7NO3+, indicating the influence of anthropogenic emissions modifying their composition, e.g. from chloride to nitrate salts during the long-range transport. For a 3 d episode including high organic mass concentrations, model simulations show that on average (74±7) % of the particulate organics at this site were of biogenic origin. Detailed model analysis allowed us to find out that three subsequent peaks of high organic mass concentrations originated from different sources, including local emissions from the city and industrial area of Karlsruhe, regional transport from the city of Stuttgart (∼64 km away), and potential local night-time formation and growth. Biogenic (forest) and anthropogenic (urban) emissions were mixed during transport and contributed to the formation of organic particles. In addition, topography, temperature inversion, and stagnant meteorological conditions also played a role in the build-up of higher organic particle mass concentrations. Furthermore, the model was evaluated using field observations and corresponding sensitivity tests. The model results show good agreement with trends and concentrations observed for several trace gases (e.g. O3, NO2, and SO2) and aerosol particle compounds (e.g. ammonium and nitrate). However, the model underestimates the number of particles by an order of magnitude and underestimates the mass of organic particles by a factor of 2.3. The discrepancy was expected for particle number since the model does not include all nucleation processes. The missing organic mass indicates either an underestimated regional background or missing sources and/or mechanisms in the model, like night-time chemistry. This study demonstrates the potential of combining comprehensive field observations with dedicated transport modelling to understand the chemical composition and complex origin of aerosols.

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Nganvongpanit, Korakot, Sikhrin Tanvisut, Terdsak Yano, and Prachya Kongtawelert. "Effect of Swimming on Clinical Functional Parameters and Serum Biomarkers in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Dogs." ISRN Veterinary Science 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/459809.

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This study aimed to determine whether swimming could improve function of osteoarthritic joints in canine hip OA. Fifty-five dogs were categorized into three groups. The OA with swimming group (OA-SW; n=22), the healthy (non-OA; n=18) with swimming group (H-SW), and the healthy (non-OA; n=15) without swimming group (H-NSW). All animals were allowed to swim for a total of 8 weeks (2-day period, 3 cycles of swimming for 20 minutes, and resting period for 5 minutes in each cycle). Three ml of blood was collected every 2 weeks for evaluation of the levels of biomarkers for OA, including chondroitin sulfate epitope WF6 (CS-WF6) and hyaluronan (HA). Clinical evaluation of the OA-SW group found that most parameters showed improvement (P<0.01) at week 8 compared to pretreatment, while pain on palpation was improved (P<0.01) at week 6. The relative level of serum CS-WF6 in the OA-SW group was found to be significantly different (P<0.01) at weeks 6 and 8 compared with the preexercise. The levels of serum HA of the H-SW group in weeks 2–8 were significantly (P<0.01) higher than preexercise. Conclusion, swimming over 2-day period, 8 weeks continually, can improve the function of OA joint.

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Akherati, Ali, Christopher D. Cappa, Michael J. Kleeman, Kenneth S. Docherty, Jose L. Jimenez, Stephen M. Griffith, Sebastien Dusanter, Philip S. Stevens, and Shantanu H. Jathar. "Simulating secondary organic aerosol in a regional air quality model using the statistical oxidation model – Part 3: Assessing the influence of semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds and NOx." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 4561–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4561-2019.

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Abstract. Semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) from anthropogenic sources are likely to be important precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban airsheds, yet their treatment in most models is based on limited and obsolete data or completely missing. Additionally, gas-phase oxidation of organic precursors to form SOA is influenced by the presence of nitric oxide (NO), but this influence is poorly constrained in chemical transport models. In this work, we updated the organic aerosol model in the UCD/CIT (University of California at Davis/California Institute of Technology) chemical transport model to include (i) a semi-volatile and reactive treatment of primary organic aerosol (POA), (ii) emissions and SOA formation from IVOCs, (iii) the NOx influence on SOA formation, and (iv) SOA parameterizations for SVOCs and IVOCs that are corrected for vapor wall loss artifacts during chamber experiments. All updates were implemented in the statistical oxidation model (SOM) that simulates the oxidation chemistry, thermodynamics, and gas–particle partitioning of organic aerosol (OA). Model treatment of POA, SVOCs, and IVOCs was based on an interpretation of a comprehensive set of source measurements available up to the year 2016 and resolved broadly by source type. The NOx influence on SOA formation was calculated offline based on measured and modeled VOC:NOx ratios. Finally, the SOA formation from all organic precursors (including SVOCs and IVOCs) was modeled based on recently derived parameterizations that accounted for vapor wall loss artifacts in chamber experiments. The updated model was used to simulate a 2-week summer episode over southern California at a model resolution of 8 km. When combustion-related POA was treated as semi-volatile, modeled POA mass concentrations were reduced by 15 %–40 % in the urban areas in southern California but were still too high when compared against “hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol” factor measurements made at Riverside, CA, during the Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside (SOAR-1) campaign of 2005. Treating all POA (except that from marine sources) to be semi-volatile, similar to diesel exhaust POA, resulted in a larger reduction in POA mass concentrations and allowed for a better model–measurement comparison at Riverside, but this scenario is unlikely to be realistic since this assumes that POA from sources such as road and construction dust are semi-volatile too. Model predictions suggested that both SVOCs (evaporated POA vapors) and IVOCs did not contribute as much as other anthropogenic precursors (e.g., alkanes, aromatics) to SOA mass concentrations in the urban areas (< 5 % and < 15 % of the total SOA respectively) as the timescales for SOA production appeared to be shorter than the timescales for transport out of the urban airshed. Comparisons of modeled IVOC concentrations with measurements of anthropogenic SOA precursors in southern California seemed to imply that IVOC emissions were underpredicted in our updated model by a factor of 2. Correcting for the vapor wall loss artifact in chamber experiments enhanced SOA mass concentrations although the enhancement was precursor-dependent as well as NOx-dependent. Accounting for the influence of NOx using the VOC:NOx ratios resulted in better predictions of OA mass concentrations in rural/remote environments but still underpredicted OA mass concentrations in urban environments. The updated model's performance against measurements combined with the results from the sensitivity simulations suggests that the OA mass concentrations in southern California are constrained within a factor of 2. Finally, simulations performed for the year 2035 showed that, despite reductions in VOC and NOx emissions in the future, SOA mass concentrations may be higher than in the year 2005, primarily from increased hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations due to lower ambient NO2 concentrations.

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Wang, Lizhen, Fan Wu, Ling Zhao, Haimeng Zhang, Xueyong Shen, Yi Huang, and Lixing Lao. "Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis in Thermal Laser Acupuncture Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/870305.

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Knee osteoarthritis (OA) manifests with pain, joint stiffness, and limited function. In traditional Chinese medicine, knee OA is differentiated into three patterns:yangdeficiency and cold coagulation, kidney deficiency, and blood stasis. The objective of this study was to determine whetheryangdeficiency cold coagulation patients respond better to thermal laser acupuncture treatment than do non-yangdeficient patients. Fifty-two patients with OA were allocated to group A (yangdeficient,n=26) or B (non-yangdeficient,n=26). All patients received a 20-min thermal laser acupuncture treatment at acupoint Dubi (ST 35) three times a week for two weeks and twice a week for another four weeks. Outcome assessments were performed immediately after the first treatment, and at weeks 2, 6, and 10. Group A function scores were significantly better than those of Group B at weeks 2 (P=0.049), 6 (P=0.046), and 10 (P=0.042), but no significant differences were found between the two groups in pain and stiffness scores at any time point. No significant adverse effect was observed. The combined 10.6 μm–650 nm laser treatment might be most beneficial toyangdeficiency cold coagulation knee OA patients, particularly in improving function.

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Wang, Zili, Chenhuang Zheng, Yunbin Zhong, Jinshen He, Xu Cao, Hansong Xia, Hongliang Ba, Pei Li, Song Wu, and Cheng Peng. "Interleukin-17 Can Induce Osteoarthritis in Rabbit Knee Joints Similar to Hulth’s Method." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2091325.

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Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is closely related to osteoarthritis (OA), but animal studies that employ IL-17 to induce OA are currently lacking. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of IL-17 in the rabbit knee joint. The right knees served as the control group. The left knees were divided randomly into 4 groups: a Hulth group and 3 IL-17 groups (1-ng, 10-ng, and 50-ng groups). OA was induced in the Hulth group using Hulth’s method. The IL-17 groups were injected with 1, 10, or 50 ng of IL-17 as indicated. Specimens were collected at 72 h, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery or the last injection. Subsequently, the following experiments were conducted: X-ray analysis, histological evaluation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the mRNA expression levels of cartilage degeneration-related markers. At 12 weeks, like the Hulth group, the 10-ng and 50-ng IL-17 groups displayed typical manifestations of OA. The X-ray results, histological scores, and mRNA expression levels showed statistically significant differences between the control group and the 10-ng and 50-ng IL-17 groups. In sum, injecting 10 ng of IL-17 into the rabbit knee joint can induce OA similar to OA induced by Hulth’s method.

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Odole, Adesola C., and Oluwatobi D. Ojo. "Is Telephysiotherapy an Option for Improved Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee?" International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/903816.

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This study investigated effect of a 6-week telephysiotherapy programme on quality of life (QoL) of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty patients with knee OA were randomly and equally assigned into two treatment groups: clinic group (CG) and telephysiotherapy group (TG). The CG received physiotherapist-administered osteoarthritis-specific exercises in the clinic thrice weekly for 6 weeks while the TG received structured telephone monitoring with self-administered osteoarthritis-specific exercises for the same duration at home. Participants’ QoL was assessed using WHOQoL-Bref at baseline, second, fourth, and sixth week of intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent Student’st-test. Within-group comparison showed significant improvements in physical health domain (P=0.00*for TG and CG) and psychological domain (P=0.02*for TG;P=0.00*for CG) of WHOQoL following six-week intervention. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in TG and CG’s social relationship and environment domains. Between-group comparison showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between CG and TG’s physical health, psychological, and social relationships domains of WHOQoL following 6-week intervention. However, there was significant difference in the environment domain (P<0.05). Telephysiotherapy using telephone medium improved QoL in patients with knee OA comparable to clinic based treatment.

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Li, Jun, Bin Zhang, Wei-Xiao Liu, Ke Lu, Haobo Pan, Tingyu Wang, Chun-do Oh, et al. "Metformin limits osteoarthritis development and progression through activation of AMPK signalling." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216713.

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ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to determine the effect of metformin on osteoarthritis (OA) development and progression.MethodsDestabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was performed in 10-week-old wild type and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 knockout (KO) mice. Metformin (4 mg/day in drinking water) was given, commencing either 2 weeks before or 2 weeks after DMM surgery. Mice were sacrificed 6 and 12 weeks after DMM surgery. OA phenotype was analysed by micro-computerised tomography (μCT), histology and pain-related behaviour tests. AMPKα1 (catalytic alpha subunit of AMPK) expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. The OA phenotype was also determined by μCT and MRI in non-human primates.ResultsMetformin upregulated phosphorylated and total AMPK expression in articular cartilage tissue. Mild and more severe cartilage degeneration was observed at 6 and 12 weeks after DMM surgery, evidenced by markedly increased Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores, as well as reduced cartilage areas. The administration of metformin, commencing either before or after DMM surgery, caused significant reduction in cartilage degradation. Prominent synovial hyperplasia and osteophyte formation were observed at both 6 and 12 weeks after DMM surgery; these were significantly inhibited by treatment with metformin either before or after DMM surgery. The protective effects of metformin on OA development were not observed in AMPKα1 KO mice, suggesting that the chondroprotective effect of metformin is mediated by AMPK signalling. In addition, we demonstrated that treatment with metformin could also protect from OA progression in a partial medial meniscectomy animal model in non-human primates.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that metformin, administered shortly after joint injury, can limit OA development and progression in injury-induced OA animal models.

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Yimam, Mesfin, Teresa Horm, Laura Wright, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Lidia Brownell, and Qi Jia. "Cartilage Protection and Analgesic Activity of a Botanical Composition Comprised ofMorus alba,Scutellaria baicalensis, andAcacia catechu." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7059068.

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Although there have been augmented advances in drug discovery, current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of successful therapies proven to be effective in modifying disease progression. For some, the risk outweighs the benefit. As a result, there is a desperate need for safe and efficacious natural alternatives. Here we evaluated a composition fromMorus alba,Scutellaria baicalensis, andAcacia catechuin maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monoiodoacetate- (MIA-) induced rat OA disease model. Study lasted for 6 weeks. 59.6%, 64.6%, 70.7%, 69.9%, and 70.3% reductions in pain sensitivity were observed for rats treated with the composition from week 1 to week 5, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity (maintained at 57.1% versus MIA + vehicle treated rats) were shown from the modified total Mankin score for animals treated with the composition. The composition showed a statistically significant reduction in uCTX-II level (54.1% reductions). The merit of combining these botanicals was also demonstrated in their synergistic analgesic activity. Therefore, the standardized blend ofMorus alba,Scutellaria baicalensis, andAcacia catechucould potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms.

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Uusi-Rasi, Kirsti, Radhika Patil, Saija Karinkanta, Kari Tokola, Pekka Kannus, and Harri Sievänen. "Exercise Training in Treatment and Rehabilitation of Hip Osteoarthritis: A 12-Week Pilot Trial." Journal of Osteoporosis 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3905492.

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Introduction.Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is one of the major causes of pain and disability in the older population. Although exercise is an effective treatment for knee OA, there is lack of evidence regarding hip OA. The aim of this trial was to test the safety and feasibility of a specifically designed exercise program in relieving hip pain and improving function in hip OA participants and to evaluate various methods to measure changes in their physical functioning.Materials and Methods. 13 women aged ≥ 65 years with hip OA were recruited in this 12-week pilot study.Results. Pain declined significantly over 30% from baseline, and joint function and health-related quality of life improved slightly. Objective assessment of physical functioning showed statistically significant improvement in the maximal isometric leg extensor strength by 20% and in the hip extension range of motion by 30%.Conclusions. The exercise program was found to be safe and feasible. The present evidence indicates that the exercise program is effective in the short term. However, adequate powered RCTs are needed to determine effects of long-term exercise therapy on pain and progression of hip OA.

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Telyshev, K., L. Alekseeva, A. Lila, A. Baranov, and E. Trofimov. "AB0885 EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF GLUCOSAMINE AND CHONDROITIN COMBINATION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE AND HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS: INTERIM ANALYSIS RESULTS OF AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1747.1–1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3079.

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Background:Combined treatment with oral glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) was shown to be efficient for pain relief and function improvement in osteoarthritis patients with moderate to severe knee pain [1,2].Objectives:To investigate demographic and clinical characteristics, changes in pain, functions of daily living, quality of life and treatment satisfaction of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or hip osteoarthritis (HOA) receiving long-term treatment with oral GH and CS combination in routine clinical practice.Methods:An open-label, multicenter, observational prospective study is being conducted in the Russian Federation. Patients of both sexes with KOA or HOA (Kellgren and Lawrence grades I-III) who receive GH 500 mg+CS 400 mg capsules three times a day for the first 3 weeks of treatment, then twice daily, are included in the study. The interim analysis has been conducted after the first 550 enrolled patients (50% of the total sample size) had completed the first follow-up visit (Week 16-24 after the start of treatment).Results:The study group included 406 (73.8%) patients with KOA and 144 (26.2%) patients with HOA enrolled in 43 centers in Russia. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years; most patients were women (88.7%). The predominant risk factors for OA were non-genetic causes (excess weight, hormonal disorders, malformations of bones and joints, joint operations) (52.8% of patients), exogenous risk factors (professional activity, trauma, sports) and hereditary diseases of bones and joints were reported in 15.5% and 4.1% of patients, respectively.Interim analysis showed clinically significant improvement in each of the KOOS and HOOS subscales at 4-6 months after the start of treatment. In patients with KOA, the mean score increase was 15.7 for the Pain subscale, 14.6 for the Quality of Life subscale, 13.8 for the Physical function (KOOS-PS), and 11.7 for the Symptoms subscale. The percentage of patients who rated the pain frequency as ‘always’ or ‘daily’ decreased from 60% to 25%.In patients with HOA, the mean score increase was 16.0 for the Pain subscale, 14.3 for the Quality of Life subscale, 16.1 for the Physical function (HOOS-PS), and 10.3 for the Symptoms subscale. The percentage of patients who rated the pain frequency as ‘never’ or ‘monthly’ increased from 34% to 60%.Most patients (89.1%) were receiving the medicinal product for ≥3 months. Treatment-related AEs were reported in 16 (3.0%) patients and mainly included gastrointestinal tract disorders (in 12 (2.2%) patients).Conclusion:The results obtained at 4-6 months after the start of treatment demonstrate clinically significant reduction of frequency and intensity of pain and other OA symptoms, as well as improvement of functions in daily living and quality of life in patients with KOA or HOA after the first course of treatment with GH + CS capsules. The majority of patients (72.5%) were satisfied with the treatment. The incidence of drug-related AEs was low, and the nature of AEs was consistent with known safety profile of GH and CS combination.References:[1]Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 23;354(8):795-808.[2]Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, et al. Combined chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine for painful knee osteoarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial versus celecoxib. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):37-44.Disclosure of Interests:Kirill Telyshev: None declared, Ludmila Alekseeva Grant/research support from: Bayer, Alexander Lila: None declared, Andrey Baranov Grant/research support from: Bayer, Evgeny Trofimov Grant/research support from: Bayer

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Segal, Neil A., and Robert Wallace. "Tolerance of an Aquatic Power Training Program by Older Adults with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis." Arthritis 2012 (September 13, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/895495.

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Objective. To determine the tolerance and feasibility of aquatic-based power training for improving lower limb muscle power, impairments, and mobility in adults with symptomatic knee OA. Participants. Twenty-nine adults, age 50 years and over, with symptomatic knee OA (ACR clinical criteria) and mobility limitation (400-meter walk time slower than median for sex and decade) completed 45-minute aquatic power training sessions twice weekly for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measurements. Prospective outcomes included tolerance of the program, as well as change in stair climb power, 400-meter walk time, overall and knee-specific pain, activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QOL), and lower limb function at 6- and 12-week follow-up. Results. The training intensity required modification for 9 of the 29 participants. Lower limb muscle power, ADL, QOL, and overall pain were improved immediately and 6 weeks following completion (all ). However, 400-meter walk times, and lower limb function did not differ from baseline. Conclusions. A 6-week aquatic rehabilitation program appears to be well tolerated by adults with symptomatic knee OA with mobility limitations and may result in improved lower limb muscle power, symptoms, ADL, and QOL. However, this intervention may have insufficient specificity or intensity for improving physical function.

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Zamli, Zaitunnatakhin, Kate Robson Brown, John F. Tarlton, Mike A. Adams, Georgina E. Torlot, Charlie Cartwright, William A. Cook, Kristiina Vassilevskaja, and Mohammed Sharif. "Subchondral Bone Plate Thickening Precedes Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Cartilage Degradation in Spontaneous Animal Models of Osteoarthritis." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/606870.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder characterised by bone remodelling and cartilage degradation and associated with chondrocyte apoptosis. These processes were investigated at 10, 16, 24, and 30 weeks in Dunkin Hartley (DH) and Bristol Strain 2 (BS2) guinea pigs that develop OA spontaneously. Both strains had a more pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone changes in the medial than the lateral side of the tibia, and between strains, the changes were always greater and faster in DH than BS2. In the medial side, a significant increase of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation was observed in DH between 24 and 30 weeks of age preceded by a progressive thickening and stiffening of subchondral bone plate (Sbp). The Sbp thickness consistently increased over the 30-week study period but the bone mineral density (BMD) of the Sbp gradually decreased after 16 weeks. The absence of these changes in the medial side of BS2 may indicate that the Sbp of DH was undergoing remodelling. Chondrocyte apoptosis was largely confined to the deep zone of articular cartilage and correlated with thickness of the subchondral bone plate suggesting that cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis may be a consequence of continuous bone remodelling during the development of OA in these animal models of OA.

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Chiranthanut, Natthakarn, Nutthiya Hanprasertpong, and Supanimit Teekachunhatean. "Thai Massage, and Thai Herbal Compress versus Oral Ibuprofen in Symptomatic Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Controlled Trial." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490512.

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The aim of this study was to verify the clinical responses to Thai massage (TM) and Thai herbal compression (THC) for treating osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in comparison to oral ibuprofen. This study was a randomized, evaluator-blind, controlled trial. Sixty patients with OA of the knee were randomly assigned to receive either a one-hour session of TM or THC (three times weekly) or oral ibuprofen (three times daily). The duration of treatment was three weeks. The clinical assessments included visual analog scale assessing pain and stiffness, Lequesne’s functional index, time for climbing up ten steps, and physician’s and patient’s overall opinions on improvement. In a within-group comparison, each treatment modality caused a significant improvement of all variables determined for outcome assessments. In an among group comparison, all modalities provided nearly comparable clinical efficacy after a three-week symptomatic treatment of OA of the knee, in which a trend toward greatest improvement was likely to be found in THC group. In conclusion, TM and THC generally provided comparable clinical efficacy to oral ibuprofen after three weeks of treatment and could be considered as complementary and alternative treatments for OA of the knee.

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Jain, N., N. Reddy, and A. Moorthy. "AB0953 CANNABINOIDS: FRIEND OR FOE OR A BYSTANDER?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1774.2–1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6449.

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Background:Cannabinoids has recently gained popularity for use in chronic pain. There is a lot of inquisitiveness among our patients wherein health care professionals are asked about its efficacy, side effects and sometimes even ask for a prescription! As there is paucity of data and research about its use in rheumatology, patient reported outcome(PROM) can guide ahead in expanding our knowledge and experience.Objectives:To study usage of cannabinoids by rheumatology patientsTo study awareness among primary physicians regarding Cannabinoid usage in rheumatology.Methods:Cross sectional survey with two arms. Arm 1 Information from patients attending tertiary rheumatology clinic,including perception regarding the use of Cannabinoids.Arm 2 consisted of collecting data via web-based survey with20-question from 100 GPs of Leicestershire. Questions on demographics, perspectives on and knowledge of cannabinoid use. Statistical analysis SPSS software.Results:Arm1 Total 102 rheumatology patients with 60%were females and 45% secondary education. 48% were unemployed. 75% Caucasians, 18% Asians. RA most common diagnosis followed by OA and FMS. 40 % depression and anxiety in addition to Rheumatic disease. 94% reported ongoing pain with 6-8 on a VAS scale. 79% were satisfied with their current therapy. 65% had heard about complementary medicine and 15% reported using cannabinoids.Most common form Cannabinoids oil 60% followed by smoking 20%. 56% reported using >3 months and majority 72% use daily. Median age 55 years. 88% users Caucasians. Mean disease duration 6.25 years among users indicates chronicity of disease has a direct proportion in usage. All users had ongoing pain of 7 on VAS. 87% believed it helps them managing pain effectively with a pain free state. On an average spends between 50-100 pounds per week. More than half believe cannabinoids should be available as a prescription drug in NHS and 30% interested to know more about it.In Arm 2 consisting of Primary care physicians, response rate 50%. Average clinical experience 5 years. Only 20% heard about usage of complementary medicine by rheumatology patient. Most replied that 10% of their patients use Cannabinoids for pain management. Most did not believe use of cannabinoids benefited the patients. Only 4% recommend its usage. 25% think it should be available as prescription. 40% experienced patients asking about cannabinoids during appointment. 88% of respondents did not know much about cannabinoid usage in rheumatology and have never prescribed it in their practice.Conclusion:Cannabinoids widely used by the rheumatology patients with PROM favouring its efficacy for control of chronic pain. Preclinical data suggest that cannabinoids might have a therapeutic potential RA1, OA, FMS2. Clinical data regarding cannabinoid treatment for rheumatic diseases are scarce, therefore, recommendations concerning cannabinoid treatment cannot be made. All patients who reported using it suffered from moderate to severe chronic pain. Thus main indication of usage was pain rather than recreational purpose. Although a small survey it clearly highlights lack of knowledge among primary physicians. These results emphasise the need for further research regarding the benefits and risks of cannabinoids in rheumatology.References:[1]RichardsonD. etal Characterisation ofthe cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue andfluid in patients with OA and RA Arthritis Res.Ther. 10, R43 (2008).[2]Walitt, B etal Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia. Cochrane DatabaseSyst. Rev. 7, CD011694 (2016).Disclosure of Interests:Nibha Jain: None declared, Neelima Reddy: None declared, Arumugam Moorthy Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis,UCB,MSD

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Yan, Zhao-wei, Ji Dong, Chen-hao Qin, Chun-yang Zhao, Li-yan Miao, and Chun-yan He. "Therapeutic Effect of Chenodeoxycholic Acid in an Experimental Rabbit Model of Osteoarthritis." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/780149.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive joint disease typically seen in middle-age to elderly people. At present, there is no ideal agent to treat OA. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was a principal active constituent from animal bile. However, the therapeutic effect of CDCA on OA severity was largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of CDCA in a rabbit OA model. OA was induced in experimental rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and then rabbits were intra-articularly injected with CDCA (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) once per week for 5 weeks. The results showed that CDCA significantly decreased cartilage degradation on the surface of femoral condyles, reducing the pathological changes of articular cartilage and synovial membrane by macroscopic and histological analysis. CDCA also significantly decreased bone destruction and erosion of joint evaluated by micro-CT. Furthermore, CDCA could markedly reduce the release of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in synovial fluid. These observations highlight CDCA might be a potential therapeutic agent for OA.

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Tawonsawatruk, T., O. Sriwatananukulkit, W. Himakhun, and W. Hemstapat. "Comparison of pain behaviour and osteoarthritis progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection and osteochondral injury in rat models." Bone & Joint Research 7, no. 3 (March 2018): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.73.bjr-2017-0121.r2.

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Objectives In this study, we compared the pain behaviour and osteoarthritis (OA) progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and osteochondral injury in surgically-induced OA rat models. Methods OA was induced in the knee joints of male Wistar rats using transection of the ACL or induction of osteochondral injury. Changes in the percentage of high limb weight distribution (%HLWD) on the operated hind limb were used to determine the pain behaviour in these models. The development of OA was assessed and compared using a histological evaluation based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) cartilage OA histopathology score. Results Both models showed an increase in joint pain as indicated by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values of %HLWD at one week post-surgery. In the osteochondral injury model, the %HLWD returned to normal within three weeks, while in the ACLT model, a significant decrease in the %HLWD was persistent over an eight-week period. In addition, OA progression was more advanced in the ACLT model than in the osteochondral injury model. Furthermore, the ACLT model exhibited a higher mean OA score than that of the osteochondral injury model at 12 weeks. Conclusion The development of pain patterns in the ACLT and osteochondral injury models is different in that the OA progression was significant in the ACLT model. Although both can be used as models for a post-traumatic injury of the knee, the selection of appropriate models for OA in preclinical studies should be specified and relevant to the clinical scenario. Cite this article: T. Tawonsawatruk, O. Sriwatananukulkit, W. Himakhun, W. Hemstapat. Comparison of pain behaviour and osteoarthritis progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection and osteochondral injury in rat models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:244–251. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0121.R2.

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Sakthivelan, Sigamani Masilamani, and Ganne Venkata Sudhakar Rao. "Effect of Ochratoxin A on Body Weight, Feed Intake and Feed Conversion in Broiler Chicken." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/590432.

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The effect of ochratoxin A (OA) on the body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion was investigated in broiler chicken fed dietary levels of OA at 0, 1, and 2 ppm for 28 days from hatch. Feeding OA significantly reduced the growth rate of broiler chicken. The reduction was observed from the first week onwards in OA-treated groups. Feed consumption and feed conversion also showed a diminishing trend from the first week of feeding toxin. Its implication on the performance of broiler chicken is discussed.

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Chang, So-Youn, Byoung-Duck Han, Kyung-Do Han, Hyo-Jin Park, and Seok Kang. "Relation between Handgrip Strength and Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018." Medicina 58, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020172.

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Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and quality of life (QOL) in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 13,966 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2018. All participants underwent the health-related QOL assessment using the European Quality of Life Scale-Five dimensions (EQ-5D) and measured the HGS. The weak HGS was defined as the lowest quartile. We investigated the difference in QOL between patients with arthritis and the healthy control group and evaluated the correlation between weak HGS and QOL in arthritis patients. Results: Those diagnosed with OA or RA had significantly lower QOL than healthy controls. The weak HGS was significantly correlated with lower QOL in arthritis patients. Among OA patients, those with weak HGS revealed significantly higher odds ratios for impairment in all dimensions of EQ-5D. RA patients with weak HGS had significantly higher odds ratios for impairment in dimensions of mobility, self-care, usual activity, and pain/discomfort than those with normal HGS. Conclusions: These results suggest that weak HGS is significantly associated with decreased QOL in patients with arthritis.

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Connelly, A. Erin, Amy J. Tucker, Laima S. Kott, Amanda J. Wright, and Alison M. Duncan. "Modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with lower pain levels in adults with knee osteoarthritis." Pain Research and Management 20, no. 5 (2015): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/389084.

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BACKGROUND: With no cure or effective treatments for osteoarthritis (OA), the need to identify modifiable factors to decrease pain and increase physical function is well recognized.OBJECTIVE: To examine factors that characterize OA patients at different levels of pain, and to investigate the relationships among these factors and pain.METHODS: Details of OA characteristics and lifestyle factors were collected from interviews with healthy adults with knee OA (n=197). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to assess pain. Factors were summarized across three pain score categories, and χ2and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine differences. Multiple linear regression analysis using a stepwise selection procedure was used to examine associations between lifestyle factors and pain.RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that pain was significantly higher with the use of OA medications and higher body mass index category, and significantly lower with the use of supplements and meeting physical activity guidelines (≥150 min/week). Stiffness and physical function scores, bilateral knee OA, body mass index category and OA medication use were significantly higher with increasing pain, whereas self-reported health, servings of fruit, supplement use and meeting physical activity guidelines significantly lower. No significant differences across pain categories were found for sex, age, number of diseases, duration of OA, ever smoked, alcoholic drinks/week, over-the-counter pain medication use, OA supplement use, physical therapy use, servings of vegetables or minutes walked/week.CONCLUSIONS: Healthy weight maintenance, exercise for at least 150 min/week and appropriate use of medications and supplements represent important modifiable factors related to lower knee OA pain.

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Gudbergsen, Henrik, Marius Henriksen, Eva Ejlersen Wæhrens, Anders Overgaard, Henning Bliddal, Robin Christensen, Mikael Ploug Boesen, et al. "Effect of liraglutide on body weight and pain in patients with overweight and knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e024065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024065.

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IntroductionWith an increasing prevalence of citizens of older age and with overweight, the health issues related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) will intensify. Weight loss is considered a primary management strategy in patients with concomitant overweight and knee OA. However, there are no widely available and feasible methods to sustain weight loss in patients with overweight and knee OA. The present protocol describes a randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a 3 mg/day dosing in patients with overweight and knee OA.Methods and analysis150 volunteer adult patients with overweight or obesity and knee OA will participate in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and single-centre trial. The participants will partake in a run-in diet intervention phase (week −8 to 0) including a low calorie diet and dietetic counselling. At week 0, patients will be randomised to either liraglutide 3 mg/day or liraglutide placebo 3 mg/day for 52 weeks as an add-on to dietetic guidance on re-introducing regular foods and a focus on continued motivation to engage in a healthy lifestyle. The co-primary outcomes are changes in body weight and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale from week 0 to week 52.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the regional ethics committee in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Danish Data Protection Agency. An external monitoring committee (The Good Clinical Practice Unit at Copenhagen University Hospitals) will oversee the trial. The results will be presented at international scientific meetings and through publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbers2015-005163-16,NCT02905864, U1111-1171-4970Based on protocol versionV.6; 30 January 2017, 15:30 hours

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Nishida, K., T. Matsushita, K. Takayama, T. Tanaka, N. Miyaji, K. Ibaraki, D. Araki, N. Kanzaki, T. Matsumoto, and R. Kuroda. "Intraperitoneal injection of the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 attenuates the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in mice." Bone & Joint Research 7, no. 3 (March 2018): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.73.bjr-2017-0227.r1.

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Objectives This study aimed to examine the effects of SRT1720, a potent SIRT1 activator, on osteoarthritis (OA) progression using an experimental OA model. Methods Osteoarthritis was surgically induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus in eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice. SRT1720 was administered intraperitoneally twice a week after surgery. Osteoarthritis progression was evaluated histologically using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score at four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks. The expression of SIRT1, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), cleaved caspase-3, PARP p85, and acetylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in cartilage was examined by immunohistochemistry. Synovitis was also evaluated histologically. Primary mouse epiphyseal chondrocytes were treated with SRT1720 in the presence or absence of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and gene expression changes were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The OARSI score was signiﬁcantly lower in mice treated with SRT1720 than in control mice at eight and 12 weeks associated with the decreased size of osteophytes at four and eight weeks. The delayed OA progression in the mice treated with SRT1720 was also associated with increased SIRT1-positive chondrocytes and decreased MMP-13-, ADAMTS-5-, cleaved caspase-3-, PARP p85-, and acetylated NF-κB p65-positive chondrocytes and decreased synovitis at four and eight weeks. SRT1720 treatment partially rescued the decreases in collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan caused by IL-1β, while also reducing the induction of MMP-13 by IL-1β in vitro. Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of SRT1720 attenuated experimental OA progression in mice, indicating that SRT1720 could be a new therapeutic approach for OA. Cite this article: K. Nishida, T. Matsushita, K. Takayama, T. Tanaka, N. Miyaji, K. Ibaraki, D. Araki, N. Kanzaki, T. Matsumoto, R. Kuroda. Intraperitoneal injection of the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 attenuates the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in mice. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:252–262. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0227.R1.

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Nogueira, Rosete, Sara Sousa, Ana Cristina Braga, Ana Azevedo, Nuno Pereira, Olímpia Carmo, Maria Purificação Tavares, and Jorge Correia Pinto. "Measurements in First-Trimester Abortion Products: A Pathologic Study." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0181-oa.

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Context.— Related to the advances in prenatal diagnosis and the emergence of medically challenging situations, there has been an increased interest in conducting a pathologic study of first-trimester abortion products. Objective.— To evaluate measurements across a large group of first-trimester spontaneous abortion specimens. Potential goals include a validation of prenatal embryo and gestational-sac measurements as a function of gestational age (GA). Design.— A retrospective case study of first-trimester spontaneous abortions between June 2015 and April 2017 in Centro de Genética Clínica Embryo-Fetal Pathology Laboratory, Porto, Portugal. Considering the inclusion criteria, 585 complete gestational sacs, 182 embryos, and 116 umbilical cords were selected. We recorded the weight of the gestational sacs and embryos and measurements of gestational sacs, umbilical cords, and embryo crown-rump length. Models were computed using regression techniques. Results.— Gestational-sac diameter percentiles 5, 25, 50, 75 and 95 were calculated according to GA, and at each 1-week interval the diameter increased an average of 3 mm. Umbilical cord length percentiles 5, 25, 50, 75 and 95 were calculated according to GA, and at each 1-week interval, the length increased an average of 1.35 mm. Embryo crown-rump length estimated mean ± SD values were GA 6 weeks, 5.3 ± 2.3 mm; GA 7 weeks, 9.4 ± 4.8 mm; GA 8 weeks, 13.7 ± 8.2 mm; GA 9 weeks, 20.8 ± 9.1 mm; GA 10 weeks, 22.6 ± 13.4 mm; GA 11 weeks, 29.4 ± 12.9 mm; and GA 12 weeks, 52 mm. Conclusions.— Pathologic measurements obtained should be compared to expected measurements and correlated with ultrasound findings, clinical information, and microscopic findings. Deviations from expected values could lead to an understanding of early pregnancy loss.

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Gawron, Lori M., Cassing Hammond, and Linda M. Ernst. "Perinatal Pathologic Examination of Nonintact, Second-Trimester Fetal Demise Specimens: The Value of Standardization." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0010-oa.

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Context.—Management of second-trimester intrauterine fetal demise via dilation and evacuation results in nonintact specimens for pathologic examination. Surgical pathology examination is often mandated; however, evidence on expected findings and specimen evaluation guidelines are lacking. Objectives.—To assess pathologic findings of nonintact, second-trimester fetal demise specimens, through comparison of anatomic abnormalities identified on standardized perinatal examination to individualized general pathology examinations. Design.—Single institution, retrospective chart review of 14- to 24-week gestational size fetal demise cases was conducted from May 2006 to October 2010. Suspected abnormalities, chromosomal and pathologic diagnoses were collected. A general surgical pathology examination occurred between May 2006 and October 2008, while a perinatal pathologist examined specimens between October 2008 and October 2010. Statistical analysis consisted of t tests and χ2 tests by Stata/SE 12.1. Results.—One hundred eighteen specimens were included and mean gestational size was 16.0 weeks (standard deviation, 1.6 weeks). Perinatal pathologic evaluation diagnosed significantly more abnormalities than did general pathologic examination (77.3% [34 of 44] versus 9.5% [7 of 75], P < .001). Forty-eight abnormalities were identified: 77.0% (n = 37) were placental and 23.0% (n = 11) were fetal. Chromosomal analysis was done on 73.7% (n = 87 of 118) with 12.6% (n = 11 of 87) showing abnormalities. Among aneuploid specimens, the perinatal pathologist confirmed abnormalities in 66.7% (n = 4 of 6) of cases while general pathologists confirmed abnormalities in 0% (n = 0 of 5) (P = .02). Conclusions.—Systematic surgical pathology examination of nonintact, second-trimester fetal demise specimens yields increased information on fetal or placental abnormalities, which may be clinically useful. Institutions with high-risk obstetrical practices and dilation and evacuation providers should consider integrating a standardized perinatal checklist into educational and practice guidelines.

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Yimam, Mesfin, Young-Chul Lee, Tae-Woo Kim, Breanna Moore, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Hyun-Jin Kim, et al. "UP3005, a Botanical Composition Containing Two Standardized Extracts ofUncaria gambirandMorus alba, Improves Pain Sensitivity and Cartilage Degradations in Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Rat OA Disease Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/785638.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease primarily noted by cartilage degradation in association with inflammation that causes significant morbidity, joint pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Present-day management of OA is inadequate due to the lack of principal therapies proven to be effective in hindering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused approach masks the actual etiology leading to irreversible damage. Here, we describe the effect of UP3005, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the leaf ofUncaria gambirand the root bark ofMorus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced rat OA disease model. Pain sensitivity, micro-CT, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) level analysis were conducted. Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. UP3005 resulted in almost a complete inhibition in proteoglycans degradation, reductions of 16.6% (week 4), 40.5% (week 5), and 22.0% (week 6) in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, minimal visual subchondral bone damage, and statistically significant increase in bone mineral density when compared to the vehicle control with MIA. Therefore, UP3005 could potentially be considered as an alternative therapy from natural sources for the treatment of OA and/or its associated symptoms.

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Murakami, Kohei, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Kazuhiko Nishimura, and Saburo Matsuo. "Changes in peptidergic fiber density in the synovium of mice with collagenase-induced acute arthritis." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 93, no. 6 (June 2015): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0446.

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The effect of acute osteoarthritis (OA) on peripheral nerve fibers (NFs) in synovial tissue, and their association with histological changes were investigated in collagenase-induced OA mice. Collagenase (10 U in 5 μL saline) was injected into the right knee, and the same volume of saline was injected into the left knee as the control. Mice were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the collagenase injection. Histopathological changes in the knee joints were evaluated. The numbers of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and substance P (SP)-positive NFs in the synovial tissue were determined, and their densities in the tissue were calculated. The densities of PGP 9.5- and CGRP-positive NFs in the synovium were drastically decreased 1 week after the collagenase injection. However, by week 4, the density of PGP 9.5- and CGRP-positive NFs had recovered to 84% and 79% of their normal levels, respectively. Despite the poor correlation between the synovitis score and the density of CGRP- or SP-positive NFs in the synovium, the ossification rate of chondrophytes in chondro/osteophyte lesions correlated strongly with the density of CGRP-positive NFs (R = 0.855). These results suggest that the ossification of chondrophytes occurred in parallel with the increase in CGRP-positive fiber density in the synovium during the acute phase of collagenase-induced OA.

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Pal, Sarvajeet, Sreedhar Thuppal, K. J. Reddy, Sachin Avasthi, Anish Aggarwal, Himanshu Bansal, Senthilnathan Mohanasundaram, and Francois Bailleul. "Long-Term (1-Year) Safety and Efficacy of a Single 6-mL Injection of Hylan G-F 20 in Indian Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis." Open Rheumatology Journal 8, no. 1 (October 2, 2014): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874312901408010054.

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Introduction: The prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) among Asians ≥65 years is estimated to double by 2040. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single, 6-mL intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 in Indian patients with knee OA at 26 weeks through to 52 weeks. Methods: This study was an open-label, multicentre, phase 4 clinical trial. Enrolled patients (N=394) were ≥30 years old with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1–3 OA; all patients received hylan G-F 20. WOMAC, SF-12, PTGA, and COGA scores, and OA medication use were evaluated at weeks 1, 4, 12, 26, 39, and 52 (initial treatment phase). At 26, 39, or 52 weeks, eligible patients could participate in a repeat treatment phase. McNemar-Bowkers, paired t-tests and ANOVA analyses were performed (alpha=0.05). Results: At 26 weeks, statistically significant changes from baseline were observed in all efficacy parameters, including the primary efficacy endpoint of WOMAC A1 (p<0.0001). Improvements continued for 52 weeks. No significant changes occurred in concomitant medication use. Eleven patients (2.8%) were re-injected at week 26 or 52. After repeat injection, statistically significant decreases were observed in WOMAC A1, WOMAC C and PTGA scores (p≤0.028). Twenty-three (5.8%) patients reported 26 local target knee AEs. Conclusion: Among Indian patients within this study, a 6-mL hylan G-F 20 injection was well tolerated and effective in treating symptomatic knee OA with significant long-term (1 year) improvement of outcomes. When needed, repeat treatment was safe and efficacious for 4 weeks. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2010/091/000052) www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php.

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Innes, Kim E., Terry Kit Selfe, Sahiti Kandati, Sijin Wen, and Zenzi Huysmans. "Effects of Mantra Meditation versus Music Listening on Knee Pain, Function, and Related Outcomes in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7683897.

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Objective. Disease-modifying treatments for OA remain elusive, and commonly used medications can have serious side effects. Although meditation and music listening (ML) have been shown to improve outcomes in certain chronic pain populations, research in OA is sparse. In this pilot RCT, we explore the effects of two mind-body practices, mantra meditation (MM) and ML, on knee pain, function, and related outcomes in adults with knee OA.Methods. Twenty-two older ambulatory adults diagnosed with knee OA were randomized to a MM (N=11) or ML program (N=11) and asked to practice 15-20 minutes, twice daily for 8 weeks. Core outcomes included knee pain (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS] and Numeric Rating Scale), knee function (KOOS), and perceived OA severity (Patient Global Assessment). Additional outcomes included perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), mood (Profile of Mood States), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and health-related quality of life (QOL, SF-36). Participants were assessed at baseline and following completion of the program.Results. Twenty participants (91%) completed the study (9 MM, 11 ML). Compliance was excellent; participants completed an average of 12.1±0.83 sessions/week. Relative to baseline, participants in both groups demonstrated improvement post-intervention in all core outcomes, including knee pain, function, and perceived OA severity, as well as improvement in mood, perceived stress, and QOL (Physical Health) (p’s≤0.05). Relative to ML, the MM group showed greater improvements in overall mood and sleep (p’s≤0.04), QOL-Mental Health (p<0.07), kinesiophobia (p=0.09), and two domains of the KOOS (p’s<0.09).Conclusions. Findings of this exploratory RCT suggest that a simple MM and, possibly, ML program may be effective in reducing knee pain and dysfunction, decreasing stress, and improving mood, sleep, and QOL in adults with knee OA.

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Robbins, Sarah Rubia, Luciano Ricardo S. Melo, Hema Urban, Leticia A. Deveza, Rebecca Asher, Victoria L. Johnson, and David J. Hunter. "Stepped care approach for medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (STrEAMline): protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e018495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018495.

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IntroductionCurrent guidelines recommend tailored interventions to optimise knee osteoarthritis (OA) management. However, models of care still have a ‘one size fits all’ approach, which is suboptimal as it ignores patient heterogeneity. This study aims to compare a stepped care strategy with standard care for overweight and obese persons with medial tibiofemoral OA.Methods and analysisParticipants will be randomised into two groups (85 each). The intervention will receive a diet and exercise programme for 18 weeks in the first step of the study. Disease remission will then be assessed using the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). PASS is defined as the highest level of symptom beyond which patients consider themselves well and takes into account pain intensity, patient’s global assessment of disease activity and degree of functional impairment. In the second step, participants in remission will continue with diet and exercise. If remission is not achieved, participants will be assigned in a hierarchical order to cognitive behavioural therapy, knee brace or muscle strengthening for 12 weeks. The intervention will be decided based on their clinical presentation for symptoms of depression and varus malalignment. Participants without depression or varus malalignment will undertake a muscle strengthening programme. The control group will receive educational material related to OA management. Main inclusion criteria are age ≥50 years, radiographic medial tibiofemoral OA, body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2, knee pain ≥40 (Visual Analogue Scale, 0–100), PASS (0–100) >32 for pain and global assessment, and 31 for functional impairment. Outcomes will be measured at 20-week and 32-week visits. The primary outcome is disease remission at 32 weeks. Other outcomes include functional mobility; patient-reported outcomes; BMI; waist-hip ratio; quadriceps strength; symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; and knee range of motion. The analysis will be performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe local ethics committee approved this protocol (HREC/14/HAWKE/381). Dissemination will occur through presentations at international conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000227594.

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Yennan, Pawina, Areerat Suputtitada, and Pongsak Yuktanandana. "Effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise on postural sway in elderly with knee osteoarthritis." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0096.

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Abstract Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common joint disease in the elderly. It is a major cause of walking disability and balance impairment. The balance impairment or increase postural sway may result in increased risk of fall. Objectives: Compare effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise on postural sway and physical performance (pain, quality of life, leg muscle strength and leg muscle flexibility) in the elderly with knee OA. Subjects and methods: Fifty elderly women with knee OA were recruited for this study. They were randomized into aquatic exercise (n=25) and land-based exercise group (n=25). Postural sway views by anterior-posterior amplitude, medio-lateral amplitude, and total area were measured in subjects with eye opened or closed during double and single leg stance after six-week training, using the Force platform. Functional outcome was tested by the modified WOMAC. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and pain scale were tested by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Leg muscle strength was measured by chair stand, and leg muscle flexibility was measured by sit-andreach test. Aquatic group exercised at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital therapeutic pool, while landbased group exercised at home. Results: In comparing postural sway before and after exercise, reduction in postural sway and pain, and increase in strength, the aquatic group were significantly better than those for land-based group (p <0.05). WOMAC, KOOS scores, and sit-and-reach test after six-weeks training were improved after exercise, but these were not significantly different between groups (p >0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients with knee OA need exercise to improve balance and reduce sway. Six-week aquatic exercise was better than land-based exercise in sway reduction.

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Dwicandra, Ni Made Oka, and Made Krisna Adi Jaya. "THE EFFECT OF DIACEREIN AND MELOXICAM COMBINATION VERSUS MELOXICAM ALONE ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27427.

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Objective: More than 50% of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) had an inadequate pain relief in its management. Combination therapy could be the solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of combination therapy of diacerein and meloxicam with meloxicam alone in the patient with knee OA.Methods: A total of 64 knee OA patients were recruited from Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Mohammad Soewandhie Surabaya. They were allocated to combination group and single therapy group using randomized controlled trial design. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function questionnaire were assessed in weeks 0–4th. The difference between pre- and post-treatment score and area under the curve (AUC) of WOMAC score were calculated.Results: Combination therapy and single therapy had significant clinical effect with the downregulated score of WOMAC physical function after 4th week (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in AUC of WOMAC physical function score between combination and single therapy.Conclusion: Patient with knee OA could gain beneficial efficacies from combination therapy of diacerein and meloxicam. Studies of longer follow-up time to get the differences in AUC of WOMAC physical function score are needed.

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Jiang, Mengqi, Xingyao Li, Xiaolu Yu, Xudan Liu, Xiaolei Xu, Jianyi He, Hailun Gu, and Li Liu. "Oral Administration of Resveratrol Alleviates Osteoarthritis Pathology in C57BL/6J Mice Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7659023.

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Obesity has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) due to increased mass and metabolic factors which are independent of the biomechanical contribution to joint load. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, exerts protective effects on OA through its anti-inflammatory property. However, the mechanism of resveratrol on obesity-related OA is unclear. To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of oral resveratrol on obesity-related OA, we fed C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to establish obesity-related OA model; then two doses (22.5 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg) of resveratrol were given by gavage for additional 12 weeks. Mice with HFD significantly increased body weights compared to the control mice, while resveratrol treatment did not cause obvious weight loss. Histological assessments showed that resveratrol at 45 mg/kg significantly improved OA symptoms. Levels of serum IL-1β and leptin were decreased by resveratrol treatment and positively correlated with Mankin scores. Moreover, resveratrol significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4 and TRAF6 in cartilage. These results suggest that HFD induced obesity can lead to the occurrence of OA, and resveratrol may alleviate OA pathology by decreasing the levels of systematic inflammation and/or inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway in cartilage. Thus, resveratrol might be a promising therapeutic treatment for obesity-related OA.

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Nwosu, Lilian N., Paul I. Mapp, Victoria Chapman, and David A. Walsh. "Blocking the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptor inhibits pain behaviour in two rat models of osteoarthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, no. 6 (August 18, 2015): 1246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207203.

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ObjectivesTropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) mediates nociceptor sensitisation by nerve growth factor (NGF), but it is unknown whether selective TrkA inhibition will be an effective strategy for treating osteoarthritis (OA) pain. We determined the effects of a TrkA inhibitor (AR786) on pain behaviour, synovitis and joint pathology in two rat OA models.MethodsKnee OA was induced in rats by intra-articular monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA) injection or meniscal transection (MNX) and compared with saline-injected or sham-operated controls. Pain behaviour was assessed as weight-bearing asymmetry and paw withdrawal threshold to punctate stimulation. Oral doses (30 mg/kg) of AR786 or vehicle were administered twice daily in either preventive (day −1 to –27) or treatment (day 14–28) protocols. Effect maintenance was evaluated for 2 weeks after treatment discontinuation. Alterations in knee structure (cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium) were examined by macroscopic visualisation of articular surfaces and histopathology.ResultsPreventive AR786 treatment inhibited pain behaviour development and therapeutic treatment attenuated established pain behaviour. Weight-bearing asymmetry increased 1 week after treatment discontinuation, but remained less than in vehicle-treated arthritic rats, whereas paw withdrawal thresholds returned to levels of untreated rats within 5 days of treatment discontinuation. AR786 treatment reduced MIA-induced synovitis and did not significantly affect osteochondral pathology in either model.ConclusionsBlocking NGF activity by inhibiting TrkA reduced pain behaviour in two rat models of OA. Analgesia was observed both using preventive and treatment protocols, and was sustained after treatment discontinuation. Selective inhibitors of TrkA therefore hold potential for OA pain relief.

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Chen, San-Pei, Sui-Foon Lo, Yu-Chia Wang, Tzu-Yi Chou, Kang-Ming Chang, and Li-Wei Chou. "Validating Efficacy of Shea Nut Oil Extract in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147163.

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Objectives. To examine and investigate the efficacy of shea nut oil extract (SheaFlex75) in relation to knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. Thirty-three patients (age63.6±5.8years) with knee OA were recruited. Real-time ultrasound imaging and surface electromyography were used to objectively assess the morphological changes and the activity of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles during a 16-week intervention of SheaFlex75. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to examine the reliability of the interscans. A paired-samplet-test was used to compare the findings in different stages. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the relevant variables of OA and percentage of thickness change of VMO at different contraction levels.Results. The baseline findings showed strong correlation, suggesting that the reliability of interscans at pretest was high. The ability to contract the muscles of the knee to a 30% contraction level showed significant change between the baseline and after 16-week testing, both in terms of morphological changes and muscle activity. Pain scale reported a significant decrease at the 16th week.Conclusion. The results suggest that SheaFlex75 can relieve the symptoms of knee OA and can result in improvement of muscle control of the knee.

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Huang, ZeYu, Jing Chen, BoLei Li, Benhua Zeng, Ching-Heng Chou, Xin Zheng, JingWei Xie, et al. "Faecal microbiota transplantation from metabolically compromised human donors accelerates osteoarthritis in mice." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, no. 5 (March 23, 2020): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216471.

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ObjectivesEmerging evidence suggests that the microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to test the two-hit model of OA pathogenesis and potentiation in which one ‘hit’ is provided by an adverse gut microbiome that activates innate immunity; the other ‘hit’ is underlying joint damage.MethodsMedical history, faecal and blood samples were collected from human healthy controls (OA-METS-, n=4), knee OA without metabolic syndrome (OA+METS-, n=7) and knee OA with metabolic syndrome (OA+METS+, n=9). Each group of human faecal samples, whose microbial composition was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, was pooled and transplanted into germ-free mice 2 weeks prior to meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI) (n≥6 per group). Eight weeks after MLI, mice were evaluated for histological OA severity and synovitis, systemic inflammation and gut permeability.ResultsHistological OA severity following MLI was minimal in germ-free mice. Compared with the other groups, transplantation with the OA+METS+ microbiome was associated with higher mean systemic concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), higher gut permeability and worse OA severity. A greater abundance of Fusobacterium and Faecalibaterium and lesser abundance of Ruminococcaceae in transplanted mice were consistently correlated with OA severity and systemic biomarkers concentrations.ConclusionThe study clearly establishes a direct gut microbiome-OA connection that sets the stage for a new means of exploring OA pathogenesis and potentially new OA therapeutics. Alterations of Fusobacterium, Faecalibaterium and Ruminococcaceae suggest a role of these particular microbes in exacerbating OA.

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Wang, Haiping, Jing Sun, Zhanjun Jia, Tianxin Yang, Liang Xu, Bing Zhao, Kezhou Yu, and Rong Wang. "Nitrooleic Acid Attenuates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Liver Steatosis in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Mice." PPAR Research 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/480348.

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Nitrooleic acid (OA-NO2) is endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The present study was aimed at investigating the beneficial effects of OA-NO2on the lipid metabolism and liver steatosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate- (DOCA-) salt induced hypertensive mice model. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided to receive DOCA-salt plus OA-NO2or DOCA-salt plus vehicle and another group received neither DOCA-salt nor OA-NO2(control group). After 3-week treatment with DOCA-salt plus 1% sodium chloride in drinking fluid, the hypertension was noted; however, OA-NO2had no effect on the hypertension. In DOCA-salt treated mice, the plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly increased compared to control mice, and pretreatment with OA-NO2significantly reduced these parameters. Further, the histopathology of liver exhibited more lipid distribution together with more serious micro- and macrovesicular steatosis after DOCA-salt treatment and that was consistent with liver tissue triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) content. The mice pretreated with OA-NO2showed reduced liver damage accompanied with low liver lipid content. Moreover, the liver TBARS, together with the expressions of gp91phox and p47phox, were parallelly decreased. These findings indicated that OA-NO2had the protective effect on liver injury against DOCA-salt administration and the beneficial effect could be attributed to its antihyperlipidemic activities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'OA Week 2016'

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