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Journal articles on the topic 'NZ'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Bradbury, Michael E., and Rachel F. Baskerville. "The ‘NZ’ in ‘NZ IFRS’: Public Benefit Entity Amendments." Australian Accounting Review 18, no. 3 (September 2008): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2008.0023.x.

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2

Starks, Donna. "National and ethnic identity markers." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.04sta.

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The New Zealand (NZ) short front vowels are often considered as a defining feature of New Zealand English (NZE), yet research which has considered data from both the Pakeha (NZ European) and the NZ Maori communities has noted slightly different patterns in the realisations of the vowel in the KIT lexical set in the respective communities (Bell 1997a, b; Warren and Bauer 2004). This paper compares the short front vowel series of NZ Maori students with that of NZ Samoan, Tongan, Cook Island and Niuean students and demonstrates how the NZ short front vowel series mark both similarity and difference across NZ communities. Our findings show that NZ Maori students have a greater degree of centralisation in their KIT vowel and a greater degree of raising of their DRESS and TRAP vowels than their NZ Pasifika counterparts. However, the manner in which the vowels raise and centralise distinguishes NZ Maori and Cook Island students from their NZ Samoan, Tongan and Niuean cohorts. The latter observation highlights problems with the pan-ethnic “Pasifika” label used to distinguish NZ Maori from other NZ Polynesian communities.

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3

Coney, Sandra. "NZ theatres shut." Lancet 343, no. 8903 (April 1994): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90079-5.

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4

Coney, Sandra. "NZ disciplinary procedures." Lancet 344, no. 8937 (December 1994): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90419-7.

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5

Jutel, Annemarie. "NZ COVID Diary." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 64, no. 3 (2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2021.0030.

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6

Moghaddasi, Haleh, Charles Culp, Jorge Vanegas, and Mehrdad Ehsani. "Net Zero Energy Buildings: Variations, Clarifications, and Requirements in Response to the Paris Agreement." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133760.

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Buildings contribute to greenhouse gas emissions that cause environmental impacts on climate change. Net Zero Energy (NZ) buildings would reduce greenhouse gases. The current definition of NZ lacks consensus and has created uncertainties, which cause delays in the adoption of NZ. This paper proposes a Process for Clarification to Accelerate the Net Zero (PC-A-NZ) through three integrated steps: variations, strategies, and requirements. We expand on the results in published NZ literature to clarify the differences in definition and strategy. The objective of this review is to (1) distinguish current variable parameters that are slowing the acceptance of NZ, and (2) focus the discussion internationally on moving faster toward applying NZ to a larger common agreement. The publications of global NZ target assessment and energy efficient strategies will be reviewed to address the main requirements in expediting NZ’s successful progress. Our NZ review analysis highlights (1) how the existing NZ definitions and criteria differ, (2) how calculation strategies vary, and (3) how standards and requirements are often localized. The proposed PC-A-NZ will help policymakers and stakeholders to re-evaluate the existing definitions, standards, and requirements to optimize the use of renewable technologies, improved energy efficiency and electrification to speed up achieving the NZ targets. Definition: There are multiple NZ definitions that vary in source and supply requirement, timescale, emission source, and grid connection.

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7

Enright, Patrick A., Charles M. Fleischmann, and Paul Vandevelde. "CBUF model II applied to exemplary NZ furniture (NZ-CBUF)." Fire and Materials 25, no. 3 (2001): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.763.

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8

Raghunandan, Rakhee, June Tordoff, and Alesha Smith. "Non-medical prescribing in New Zealand: an overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models and training." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 8, no. 11 (September 4, 2017): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098617723312.

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Aim: In this paper, we aim to provide an updated source of information for nonmedical prescribing (NMP) in New Zealand (NZ). Methods: A variety of NZ sources were used to collect data: legislation, policy documents and information from professional and regulatory organizations, and education providers. Results: In NZ, the legal categories for prescribers include authorized, designated, and delegated prescribers. Authorized prescribers include dentists, midwives, nurse practitioners, and optometrist prescribers. Designated prescribers include pharmacist prescribers, registered nurse prescribers, and dietitian prescribers. There are no delegated prescribers in NZ at this time. There is variation in the regulation, educational programmes and prescribing competencies used by the different prescribing health professionals involved in NMP in NZ. Conclusion: This update collates relevant information relating to NMP in NZ into one consolidated document and provides policy makers with a current overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models, training requirements, and prescribing competencies used for NMP in NZ. As NMP in NZ continues to expand and evolve, this paper will form a baseline for future NMP research in NZ. NZ needs to develop overarching NMP policy to enable consistency in the various aspects of NMP, thereby delivering a safe and sustainable NMP service in NZ.

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9

Sudo, Hitomi, Atsushi B. Tsuji, Aya Sugyo, Mika K. Kaneko, Yukinari Kato, Kotaro Nagatsu, Hisashi Suzuki, and Tatsuya Higashi. "Preclinical Evaluation of Podoplanin-Targeted Alpha-Radioimmunotherapy with the Novel Antibody NZ-16 for Malignant Mesothelioma." Cells 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102503.

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The prognosis of advanced mesothelioma is poor. Podoplanin (PDPN) is highly expressed in most malignant mesothelioma. This study aimed to evaluate the potential alpha-radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with a newly developed anti-PDPN antibody, NZ-16, compared with a previous antibody, NZ-12. Methods: The in vitro properties of radiolabeled antibodies were evaluated by cell binding and competitive inhibition assays using PDPN-expressing H226 mesothelioma cells. The biodistribution of 111In-labeled antibodies was studied in tumor-bearing mice. The absorbed doses were estimated based on biodistribution data. Tumor volumes and body weights of mice treated with 90Y- and 225Ac-labeled NZ-16 were measured for 56 days. Histologic analysis was conducted. Results: The radiolabeled NZ-16 specifically bound to H226 cells with higher affinity than NZ-12. The biodistribution studies showed higher tumor uptake of radiolabeled NZ-16 compared with NZ-12, providing higher absorbed doses to tumors. RIT with 225Ac- and 90Y-labeled NZ-16 had a significantly higher antitumor effect than RIT with 90Y-labeled NZ-12. 225Ac-labeled NZ-16 induced a larger amount of necrotic change and showed a tendency to suppress tumor volumes and prolonged survival than 90Y-labeled NZ-16. There is no obvious adverse effect. Conclusions: Alpha-RIT with the newly developed NZ-16 is a promising therapeutic option for malignant mesothelioma.

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10

Abdullah-Al-Mahin, Shinya Sugimoto, Chihana Higashi, Shunsuke Matsumoto, and Kenji Sonomoto. "Improvement of Multiple-Stress Tolerance and Lactic Acid Production in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 under Conditions of Thermal Stress by Heterologous Expression of Escherichia coli dnaK." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 13 (May 7, 2010): 4277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02878-09.

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ABSTRACT The effects of nisin-induced dnaK expression in Lactococcus lactis were examined, and this expression was shown to improve stress tolerance and lactic acid fermentation efficiency. Using a nisin-inducible expression system, DnaK proteins from L. lactis (DnaK Lla ) and Escherichia coli (DnaK Eco ) were produced in L. lactis NZ9000. In comparison to a strain harboring the empty vector pNZ8048 (designated NZ-Vector) and one expressing dnaKLla (designated NZ-LDnaK), the dnaKEco -expressing strain, named NZ-EDnaK, exhibited more tolerance to heat stress at 40°C in GM17 liquid medium. The cell viability of NZ-Vector was reduced 4.6-fold after 6 h of heat treatment. However, NZ-EDnaK showed 13.5-fold increased viability under these conditions, with a very low concentration of DnaK Eco production. Although the heterologous expression of dnaKEco did not effect DnaK Lla production, heat treatment increased the DnaK Lla level 3.5- and 3.6-fold in NZ-Vector and NZ-EDnaK, respectively. Moreover, NZ-EDnaK showed tolerance to multiple stresses, including 3% NaCl, 5% ethanol, and 0.5% lactic acid (pH 5.47). In CMG medium, the lactate yield and the maximum lactate productivity of NZ-EDnaK were higher than the corresponding values for NZ-Vector at 30°C. Interestingly, at 40°C, these values of NZ-EDnaK were not significantly different from the corresponding values for the control strain at 30°C. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also found to be stable at 40°C in the presence of DnaK Eco . These findings suggest that the heterologous expression of dnaKEco enhances the quality control of proteins and enzymes, resulting in improved growth and lactic acid fermentation at high temperature.

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11

Kidd, Bruce, Sally Mackay, Stefanie Vandevijvere, and Boyd Swinburn. "Cost and greenhouse gas emissions of current, healthy, flexitarian and vegan diets in Aotearoa (New Zealand)." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 4, no. 1 (June 2021): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000262.

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ObjectiveTo compare the costs and climate impact (greenhouse gas emissions) associated with current and healthy diets and two healthy and environmentally friendly dietary patterns: flexitarian and vegan.DesignModelling studySettingAotearoa (New Zealand).Main outcome measuresThe distribution of the cost and climate impact (kgCO2e/kg of food per fortnight) of 2 weekly current, healthy, vegan and flexitarian household diets was modelled using a list of commonly consumed foods, a set of quantity/serves constraints for each, and constraints for food group and nutrient intakes based on dietary guidelines (Eating and Activity Guidelines for healthy diets and EAT-Lancet reference diet for vegan and flexitarian diets) or nutrition survey data (current diets).ResultsThe iterative creation of 210–237 household dietary intakes for each dietary scenario was achieved using computer software adapted for the purpose (DIETCOST). There were stepwise differences between diet scenarios (p<0.001) with the current diet having the lowest mean cost in New Zealand Dollars (NZ$584 (95% CI NZ$580 to NZ$588)) per fortnight for a family of four) but highest mean climate impact (597 kgCO2e (95% CI 590 to 604 kgCO2e)), followed by the healthy diet (NZ$637 (95% CI NZ$632 to NZ$642), 452 kgCO2e (95% CI 446 to 458 kgCO2e)), the flexitarian diet (NZ$728 (95% CI NZ$723 to NZ$734), 263 kgCO2e (95% CI 261 to 265 kgCO2e)) and the vegan diet, which had the highest mean cost and lowest mean climate impact (NZ$789, (95% CI NZ$784 to NZ$794), 203 kgCO2e (95% CI 201 to 204 kgCO2e)). There was a negative relationship between cost and climate impact across diets and a positive relationship within diets.ConclusionsMoving from current diets towards sustainable healthy diets (SHDs) will reduce climate impact but generally at a higher cost to households. The results reflect trade-offs, with the larger constraints placed on diets, the greater cost and factors such as nutritional adequacy, variety, cost and low-emissions foods being considered. Further monitoring and policies are needed to support population transitions that are country specific from current diets to SHD.

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12

Coney, Sandra. "NZ mammographic screening policy." Lancet 343, no. 8905 (April 1994): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90194-5.

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13

MATSUNAGA, Hiroshi. "IRG42 (Queenstown, NZ) report." Wood Preservation 37, no. 6 (2011): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.37.284.

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14

Chalmers, I. "NZ medicine after Cartwright." BMJ 300, no. 6733 (May 5, 1990): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6733.1199-b.

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15

&NA;. "Updates from NZ Medsafe." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1380 (December 2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113800-00003.

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16

Boyd, Matt, Giorgi Kvizhinadze, Adeline Kho, Graham Wilson, and Nick Wilson. "Cataract surgery for falls prevention and improving vision: modelling the health gain, health system costs and cost-effectiveness in a high-income country." Injury Prevention 26, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043184.

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AimTo estimate the health gain, health system costs and cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery when expedited as a falls prevention strategy (reducing the waiting time for surgery by 12 months) and as a routine procedure.MethodsAn established injurious falls model designed for the New Zealand (NZ) population (aged 65+ years) was adapted. Key parameters relating to cataracts were sourced from the literature and the NZ Ministry of Health. A health system perspective with discounting at 3% was used.ResultsExpedited cataract surgery for 1 year of incident cases was found to generate a total 240 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 161 to 360) at net health system costs of NZ$2.43 million (95% UI 2.02 to 2.82 million) over the remaining lifetimes of the surgery group. This intervention was cost-effective by widely accepted standards with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of NZ$10 600 (US$7540) (95% UI NZ$6030 to NZ$15 700) per QALY gained. The level of cost-effectiveness did not vary greatly by sex, ethnicity and previous fall history, but was higher for the 65–69 age group compared with the oldest age group of 85–89 years (NZ$7000 vs NZ$14 200 per QALY gained). Comparing cataract surgery with no surgery, the ICER was even more favourable at NZ$4380 (95% UI 2410 to 7210) per QALY. Considering only the benefits for vision improvement and excluding the benefits of falls prevention, it was still favourable at NZ$9870 per QALY.ConclusionsExpedited cataract surgery appears very cost-effective. Routine cataract surgery is itself very cost-effective, and its value appears largely driven by the falls prevention benefits.

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17

Kalidas, Sujit, Andrew Kelly, and Alastair Marsden. "New Zealand venture capital funds and access to new financing: an exploratory study." Pacific Accounting Review 26, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 196–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-04-2013-0024.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the challenges the Venture Capital (VC) funds industry in New Zealand (NZ) faces when sourcing new capital. In NZ, there is a significant gap currently for companies seeking VC funding of between $2 and $10 million to commercialise new products and ideas. Also, the estimated financing needs of the next generation of early stage NZ enterprises are around $2 billion of investment over the next 10 years (NZVIF, 2011). Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design is applied, given the exploratory nature of this research. In this study, 15 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with VC fund managers, investors and intermediaries were undertaken. Findings – The findings suggest that the lack of observable proven historical returns from NZ domiciled VC funds is a significant impediment to raising new equity capital. Fund managers and intermediaries also note that there is a lack of domestic entities in NZ that have the capacity and current appetite to invest in VC. In part, this may indicate that VC investors are unwilling to invest further capital in NZ VC funds until the current funds realise their existing investments. Originality/value – Overall our findings support recent initiatives by the NZ VC funds industry to track and monitor the performance of NZ VC funds.

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18

Kinnison, Michael T., Martin J. Unwin, William K. Hershberger, and Thomas P. Quinn. "Egg size, fecundity, and development rate of two introduced New Zealand chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-074.

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Interpopulation differences in several adult phenotypic traits suggest that New Zealand (NZ) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are evolving into distinct populations. To further investigate this hypothesis, we compared egg sizes, fecundities, and early development rates of chinook from two NZ streams. The two NZ study populations differed in size-adjusted egg weight and gonadosomatic index, but not in size-adjusted fecundity. Egg weight, fecundity, and gonadosomatic index values for both NZ populations were different than values for chinook from Battle Creek, California, the population regarded as the ancestral NZ stock. In contrast, there was little evidence of divergence in juvenile development. Time to hatching did not differ between the two NZ study populations and heritability estimates were small with large standard errors. Evidence of a small difference in alevin growth rate may have represented an effect of yolk conversion mechanics related to egg size. Despite the similarity in development rates under shared conditions, modeling based on temperature records suggests that emergence dates in the two NZ streams may differ by 4-6 weeks, yielding significant phenotypic differences.

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19

Berger, Aaron, and Danielle Wang. "Modified Erdös–Ginzburg–Ziv constants for Z∕nZ and (Z∕nZ)2." Discrete Mathematics 342, no. 4 (April 2019): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2018.12.024.

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20

Phillipson, Allan. "In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016)." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00051_5.

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Review of: In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016) Dunedin: Otago University Press, 134 pp., ISBN 978 1 87757 871 7 (hbk), NZ$35 Fale Aitu / Spirit House, Tusiata Avia (2016) Wellington: Victoria University Press, 84 pp., ISBN 978 1 77656 064 6 (pbk), NZ$25 Vanishing Points, Michele Leggott (2017) Auckland: Auckland University Press, 132 pp., ISBN 978 1 86940 874 9 (pbk), NZ$27.99 Tightrope, Selina Tusitala Marsh (2017) Auckland: Auckland University Press, 112 pp., ISBN 978 1 86940 872 5 (pbk), NZ$27.99 Night Horse, Elizabeth Smither (2017) Auckland: Auckland University Press, 80 pp., ISBN 978 1 86940 870 1 (pbk), NZ$24.99

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21

Putra, Riandy, Witri Wahyu Lestari, Fajar Rakhman Wibowo, and Bambang Heru Susanto. "Fe/Indonesian Natural Zeolite as Hydrodeoxygenation Catalyst in Green Diesel Production from Palm Oil." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 13, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1382.245-255.

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The Petroleum diesel-based fossil fuel remains the primary source of energy consumption in Indonesia. The utilization of this unrenewable fuel depletes fossil fuels; thus, an alternative, renewable fuel, such as one based on biohydrocarbon from biomass-green diesel-could be an option. In this work, green diesel was produced through the hydrodeoxygenation from palm oil and processed in a batch-stirred autoclave reactor over natural zeolite (NZ) and NZ modified with 3 wt.% Fe metal (Fe/NZ) as heterogeneous catalyst. NZ showed high crystallinity and suitability to the simulated pattern of the mordenite and clinoptilolite phases according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The presence of Fe metal was further confirmed by XRD, with an additional small diffraction peak of Fe0 that appeared at 2θ = 44-45°. Meanwhile, NZ and Fe/NZ were also characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The obtained materials were tested for the conversion of palm oil into diesel-range hydrocarbons (C15-C18) under conditions of 375 °C and 12 bar H2 for 2 h. NZ and Fe/NZ produced a liquid hydrocarbon with straight-chain (C15-C18) alkanes as the most abundant products. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement, a higher conversion of palm oil into diesel-like hydrocarbons reached more than 58% and 89%, when NZ and Fe modified NZ (Fe/NZ), respectively were used as catalysts. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 24th July 2017; Revised: 10th November 2017; Accepted: 15th November 2017; Available online: 11st June 2018; Published regularly: 1st August 2018How to Cite: Putra, R., Lestari, W.W., Wibowo, F.R., Susanto, B.H. (2018). Fe/Indonesian Natural Zeolite as Hydrodeoxygenation Catalyst in Green Diesel Production from Palm Oil. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (2): 245-255 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1382.245-255)

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22

Houston, E. F., S. I. Halliday, M. Jeffrey, W. Goldmann, and N. Hunter. "New Zealand sheep with scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes succumb to experimental challenge with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1)." Journal of General Virology 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-83-5-1247.

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Scrapie does not occur in New Zealand (NZ), although PrP gene alleles associated with susceptibility to the disease are found at relatively high frequencies in NZ sheep. The hypothesis that scrapie is a genetic disease of sheep is thus unlikely to be true. To confirm that NZ sheep are actually susceptible to scrapie infection, NZ sheep of various PrP genotypes were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1). Showing similar PrP genetics to that seen in UK sheep, all NZ sheep carrying the VRQ PrP allele developed clinical signs typical of scrapie, with characteristic neurodegenerative changes and PrPSc evident on histopathological examination of their brains and lymphoid tissues. The incubation periods recorded in NZ sheep were generally shorter than those found in UK sheep. The results confirm that New Zealand sheep are as susceptible as their UK counterparts to experimental scrapie infection by subcutaneous inoculation.

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23

Song, Min, Hae Ryu, Sang-Chul Jung, JiHyeon Song, Byung-Joo Kim, and Young-Kwon Park. "A Hybrid Reactor System Comprised of Non-Thermal Plasma and Mn/Natural Zeolite for the Removal of Acetaldehyde from Food Waste." Catalysts 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8090389.

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The degradation of low concentrations of acetaldehyde while using a non-thermal plasma (NTP)/catalyst hybrid reactor system was investigated while using humidified air at ambient temperature. A series of highly active manganese-impregnated natural zeolite (Mn/NZ) catalysts were synthesized by the incipient wetness method using sonication. The Mn/NZ catalysts were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Mn/NZ catalyst located at the downstream of a dc corona was used for the decomposition of ozone and acetaldehyde. The decomposition efficiency of ozone and acetaldehyde was increased significantly using the Mn/NZ catalyst with NTP. Among the various types of Mn/NZ catalysts with different Mn contents, the 10 wt.% Mn/NZ catalyst under the NTP resulted the highest ozone and acetaldehyde removal efficiency, almost 100% within 5 min. Moreover, this high efficiency was maintained for 15 h. The main reason for the high catalytic activity and stability was attributed to the high dispersion of Mn on the NZ made by the appropriate impregnation method using sonication. This system is expected to be efficient to decompose a wide range of volatile organic compounds with low concentrations.

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24

Villena, Julio, Marcela Medina, Elisa Vintiñi, and Susana Alvarez. "Stimulation of respiratory immunity by oral administration of Lactococcus lactis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 8 (August 2008): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-052.

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This work demostrates that nonrecombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ, administered by the oral route at the proper dose, is able to improve resistance against pneumococcal infection. Lactococcus lactis NZ oral administration was able to improve pathogen lung clearance, increased survival of infected mice, and reduced lung injuries. This effect was related to an upregulation of the respiratory innate and specific immune responses. Administration of L. lactis NZ improved production of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid TNF-α, enhanced recruitment of neutrophils into the alveolar spaces, and induced a higher activation of BAL phagocytes compared with the control group. Lactococcus lactis NZ administered orally stimulated the IgA cycle, increased IgA+ cells in intestine and bronchus, and improved production of BAL IL-4 and IL-10 during infection. Moreover, mice treated with L. lactis NZ showed higher levels of BAL anti-pneumococcal IgA and IgG. Taking into consideration that orally administered L. lactis NZ stimulates both the innate and the specific immune responses in the respiratory tract and that bacterial and viral antigens have been efficiently produced in this strain, L. lactis NZ is an excellent candidate for the development of an effective pneumococcal oral vaccine.

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25

Leslie, M., M. Aspin, and H. Clark. "Greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand agriculture: issues, perspectives and industry response." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07306.

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The prosperity of New Zealand (NZ) rests to a large extent on agriculture. Although our total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are unusually small for a developed nation, agricultural emissions make up almost half of the total emissions from NZ. Emissions from NZ agriculture have been rising at close to 1% a year since 1990 and by 2010, the midpoint of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, they are projected to be 7.2 Mt per year higher than the 1990 baseline. This excess has a potential cost of over NZ$0.5 billion. Despite the continued rise in absolute emissions, emissions intensity, the amount of GHG produced per unit of food produced, has been dropping and the emissions intensity of NZ agriculture goods compares favourably with that of other developed nations. The NZ agricultural sector has actively engaged in the search for cost-effective mitigation solutions and, in partnership with the government, has funded research through the Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium (PGGRC). The PGGRC has been in existence since 2002 and has invested NZ$16 million in research into reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions from pastoral agriculture. The structure of this research funding body, its objectives, achievements and future challenges are briefly outlined.

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26

Kanengoni, Blessing, Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo, and Eleanor Holroyd. "Setting the stage: reviewing current knowledge on the health of New Zealand immigrants—an integrative review." PeerJ 6 (August 23, 2018): e5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5184.

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The growth of migrant communities continues to rise globally, creating unique and complex health challenges. Literature on immigrant health in New Zealand (NZ) remains scant. This integrative literature review was conducted drawing on peer-reviewed research articles on immigrant health in NZ published between 2012 and 2018. The objectives were to: (i) provide a critical overview of immigrant health in NZ; (ii) identify general trends in health research conducted in NZ on immigrants; (iii) compare, contrast, and evaluate the quality of the information; (iv) develop a summary of research results and; (v) identify priorities and recommendations for future research. A search yielded more than 130 articles with 28 articles constituting the foundation of the review. This review is timely following the rapid increase in the scale, speed, and spread of immigration and its potential for changing NZ’s national health patterns and priorities. This integrative review led to the four primary conclusions. Firstly, migration in NZ is a gendered phenomenon, as there has been more women and girls arriving as migrants in NZ and being at risk of poor health in comparison with their male counterparts. Secondly, studies on infectious diseases take precedence over other health problems. Thirdly, research methodologies used to collect data may not be relevant to the cultural and traditional customs of the migrant populations. Furthermore, a number of research findings implemented have failed to meet the needs of NZ migrants. Lastly, policy initiatives are inclined more towards supporting health practitioners and lack a migrant centred approach.What is already known about this topic?Despite NZ becoming more ethnically and linguistically diverse, there is limited literature on the health of migrants living in NZ.What this paper adds?This integrative literature review provides a critical overview of refugee and migrant health in NZ through reviewing and critiquing the current literature available. This paper identifies research trends, the general health of migrants in NZ, recommendations that could inform future migrant and refugee health research and health policies and initiatives to ensure effective and relevant health service provision to migrants.

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27

Milovanovic, Jelena, Susanne Eich-Greatorex, Tore Krogstad, Vesna Rakic, and Nevenka Rajic. "The use in grass production of clinoptilolite as an ammonia adsorbent and a nitrogen carrier." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 9 (2015): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150317042m.

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The clinoptilolite-rich tuff (NZ) from Zlatokop deposit (Vranjska Banja, Serbia) has been studied as a nitrogen carrier for grass production. Mechanism of binding ammonium cations present in water solutions by NZ has been examined as well as possibility of adsorption of ammonia released in fresh cattle manure during its fermentation. The NH4+ binding from solutions proceeds via an ion-exchange process which follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherms studied at 298-318 K follow the Freundlich isotherm equation. The NZ readily adsorbs ammonia liberated from manure and an addition of 10 wt.% of NZ to manure can preserve up to 90% of ammonia. The potential benefit of this effect has been examined in greenhouse pot experiments with the Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, var. Macho) using three different types of soil (silty, clayey and sandy). The zeta potential measurements show that stability of their colloidal dispersions differs mutually and that addition of the NZ differently affects the stability and nitrogen cycling. All results indicate that NZ can be applied in grass production.

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FERNANDEZ, MARIO A., and ADAM J. DAIGNEAULT. "MONEY DOES GROW ON TREES: IMPACTS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT ON THE NEW ZEALAND ECONOMY." Climate Change Economics 09, no. 03 (August 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007818500057.

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The Paris Agreement (PA) asserts that emissions pathways of greenhouse gases (GHG) should be consistent with holding the increase in global temperature below 1.5[Formula: see text]C or 2[Formula: see text]C above pre-industrial levels. New Zealand (NZ) committed to reduce emissions to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. The purpose of this paper is to assess the range of economic costs for NZ derived from the commitment under the PA, conditional to the mitigation potential of forestry carbon sequestration (FCS), pricing agricultural emissions, and linking the NZ emissions tradable scheme (NZ ETS) to the European Union ETS (EU ETS). We use a general equilibrium model and “soft-link” it with the global timber model. We found that NZ can meet the PA terms; however, important GDP decreases may arise due to limited domestic mitigation potential from the energy and transport sectors. FCS plays a significant role in mitigating the negative impacts, where the benefits of FCS outweigh those of pricing agricultural emission and linking the NZ ETS.

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Yue, James J., Jens P. Timm, Manohar M. Panjabi, and Jorge Jaramillo-De La Torre. "Clinical application of the Panjabi neutral zone hypothesis: the Stabilimax NZ posterior lumbar dynamic stabilization system." Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.1.12.

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✓The neutral zone (NZ) is a region of intervertebral motion around the neutral posture where little resistance is offered by the passive spinal column. The NZ appears to be a clinically important measure of spinal stability function. Its size may increase with injury to the spinal column, which in turn may result in spinal instability or low-back pain. Dynamic stabilization systems are designed to support and stabilize the spine while maintaining range of motion (ROM). The Stabilimax NZ device has been designed to reduce the NZ after spinal injury to treat pain while preserving ROM.

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Pizarro, Carmen, Mauricio Escudey, Camila Bravo, Manuel Gacitua, and Lynda Pavez. "Sulfate Kinetics and Adsorption Studies on a Zeolite/Polyammonium Cation Composite for Environmental Remediation." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020180.

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Sulfide mineral mining produces highly sulfate-contaminated wastewater which needs to be treated before disposal. A composite material was made from natural zeolite (NZ) and Superfloc® SC-581, a polyammonium cationic polymer. The resulting modified zeolite (MZ) demonstrated improved capacity for sulfate abatement from wastewater compared to NZ. Above pH 4.0, MZ retained positive surface charge while NZ remained negative. The effect of the ionic strength on the adsorption process was evaluated. Sulfate adsorption capacity was assessed and revealed MZ to be superior to NZ in all cases. Adsorption kinetics reached equilibrium after 10–12 h, with MZ adsorption being twice that of NZ; data fitted a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms reflected the high capacity of MZ for sulfate adsorption with maximum of 3.1 mg g−1, while NZ only achieved 1.5 mg g−1. The process corresponds to heterogeneous partially reversible adsorption of ionic species over the solid adsorbent. Langmuir–Freundlich parameters revealed that adsorption over MZ corresponds to an interaction eight times stronger than that on NZ. The sulfate adsorption pattern changes with ionic strength. Taken together, the composite formed between natural zeolite and polyammonium represents an adsorbent that maintains the adsorption capacity of zeolite and proves suitable for anionic species removal. Further prospect considers the testing of the composite with other anionic pollutants (arsenate, phosphate, perchlorate, etc.)

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Rivas, Lucia, Hugo Strydom, Shevaun Paine, Jing Wang, and Jackie Wright. "Yersiniosis in New Zealand." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020191.

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The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ

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32

Snowdon, John. "Suicide and ‘hidden suicide’: a comparison of rates in selected countries." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 4 (May 11, 2020): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220917069.

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Objective: To review rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ in New Zealand (NZ), Australia, Ireland and Spain. Method: Using estimated population figures and online cause-of-death data from four countries, rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ in 2014–2016 were calculated and compared. Results: Age patterns and rates of suicide and ‘hidden suicide’ differ between these countries. The male suicide rate progressively rises across the age range in Spain but becomes lower in late life in Ireland. The male patterns in NZ and Australia are bimodal; male and female rates decrease in late life, with NZ lower than Australia. Māori age patterns are downward-sloping. Suicide rates of young Māori considerably exceed those of young non-Māori in NZ. Conclusions: The NZ youth suicide peaks are attributable to high rates of Māori youth suicide. Rates of ‘hidden suicide’ are relatively low in the four countries.

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Geiringer, Claudia. "The Constitutional Role of the Courts under the NZ Bill of Rights: Three Narratives from Attorney-General v Taylor." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i4.4727.

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In Attorney-General v Taylor, New Zealand's Court of Appeal upheld the High Court's recognition, and exercise, of an implied jurisdiction to make (non-binding) declarations of legislative inconsistency with the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (the NZ Bill of Rights). Recognition of this novel jurisdiction says something important about the evolution of judicial-legislative relations under the NZ Bill of Rights. The question is: what exactly? This article suggests that a close analysis of the Court of Appeal's decision in Taylor in fact discloses three interwoven narratives that speak to the constitutional role of the courts in enforcing the NZ Bill of Rights: the NZ Bill of Rights as "legal benchmark"; the NZ Bill of Rights as "facilitator of inter-branch dialogue"; and the "common law-fuelled bill of rights". The article unpicks these narratives, explores the relationship between them and discusses the extent to which they succeed in accommodating or justifying the new declaratory remedy.

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34

Maillart, Elisabeth, Jean-Sebastien Vidal, David Brassat, Bruno Stankoff, Agnès Fromont, Jérôme de Sèze, Frédéric Taithe, et al. "Natalizumab-PML survivors with subsequent MS treatment." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 4, no. 3 (April 14, 2017): e346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000346.

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Objective:To describe the clinico-radiologic outcome of MS patients with natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (Nz-PML) surviving and receiving disease-modifying therapy (DMT).Methods:We describe clinical and radiologic evolution of Nz-PML survivors in an observational retrospective multicenter cohort to clarify the effect of different subsequent MS DMT strategies. Twenty-three patients from 11 centers were analyzed. Outcomes were (1) clinical efficacy of post-PML MS DMT, (2) radiologic efficacy of post-PML MS DMT, (3) radiologic evolution of PML lesion, and (4) disability progression.Results:There was no clinical worsening of PML symptoms with a stability of Expanded Disability Status Scale at the last follow-up. No relapse was reported with fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate. No radiologic worsening of Nz-PML lesion was observed at the end of the follow-up.Conclusion:In this large cohort of patients with Nz-PML, MS therapies given after Nz discontinuation were not associated with PML worsening. A larger cohort with longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm this therapeutic strategy.

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35

Noma, S., A. D. Askenase, W. S. Weintraub, L. W. Klein, J. B. Agarwal, and R. H. Helfant. "Augmentation of contraction in remote nonischemic zone during acute ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): H301—H310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.2.h301.

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We studied how left ventricular loading conditions and the size of the ischemic zone affect regional segmental shortening (% delta L) in ischemic (IZ) and remote nonischemic zones (NZ) after acute coronary occlusion. Distal and proximal portions of the left anterior descending artery (group I, 10 dogs) or the left circumflex artery (group II, 10 dogs) were occluded in two stages. Segment length sonomicrometers were placed in the distal and proximal IZ and in the distal and proximal NZ. % delta L was divided into isovolumic and ejection phases. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was decreased 3 +/- 1 mmHg by blood withdrawal and then increased 6 +/- 2 mmHg by blood transfusion before and after distal and proximal coronary occlusions. LVEDP was brought back to its initial value before distal and proximal coronary occlusions. Regional blood flow and total blood flow deficit were measured with microspheres. Similar results were obtained in group I and II experiments. After coronary occlusion, the IZ showed systolic bulging occurring primarily in isovolumic systole. In the NZ, total and isovolumic % delta L increased from control, whereas ejection % delta L did not change. As LVEDP was raised, IZ isovolumic bulging decreased and ejection % delta L was unchanged, whereas NZ isovolumic % delta L decreased and ejection % delta L increased. Thus IZ bulging and NZ isovolumic % delta L changed in opposite directions when load was varied. The larger IZ after proximal coronary occlusion tended to increase the amount of NZ isovolumic % delta L. In conclusion, at low LVEDP NZ augmentation is predominantly caused by an increase in isovolumic % delta L, whereas if LVEDP is increased it is because of an increase in ejection % delta L. In addition, in open-chest animals augmented contraction in the NZ may be related to the size of the IZ.

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36

North and Owen. "Awareness and Understanding Amongst New Zealand Health Professionals of Venison in a Healthy Diet." Proceedings 37, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037044.

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37

Kausar, A. "Polycarbonate/Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride and Nano-Zeolite-Based Nanocomposite Membrane: Mechanical and Gas Separation Performance." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0019.

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Abstract In this effort, blend membrane of polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PPMA) was fabricated via phase inversion technique. The nano-zeolite (NZ) was employed as nanofiller. Morphology of PC/PPMA/NZ membrane revealed unique inter-connected branched microstructure. Tensile strength and Young’s Modulus of PC/PPMA/NZ 0.1-5 were in the range of 59.9-74.5 MPa and 111.4-155.2 MPa respectively. The nano-zeolite filler was also effective in enhancing the permselectivity αCO2/N2 (23.5 to 38.5) relative to blend membrane (20.3). The permeability PCO2 of PC/PPMA/NZ 5 membrane was found as 106.2 Barrer. Filler loading enhanced gas diffusivity, however filler content did not significantly influence CO2 and N2 solubility.

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38

Etxepare, Ricardo. "Nz-bait izenordain zehaztugabeen jatorriaz." Lapurdum, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lapurdum.1193.

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39

&NA;. "NZ recalls herbal erectile remedies." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1461 (October 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200414610-00042.

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40

&NA;. "News from the NZ CARM." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 939 (May 1994): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409390-00045.

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41

Coney, Sandra. "Release of NZ psychiatric patients." Lancet 343, no. 8898 (March 1994): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92645-x.

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42

Coney, Sandra. "Mistakes and compensation in NZ." Lancet 344, no. 8916 (July 1994): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92769-3.

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43

Coney, Sandra. "Cash for NZ health reforms." Lancet 343, no. 8899 (March 1994): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91592-x.

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44

Bonn, Dorothy. "NZ psychiatrists seek own reaccreditation." Lancet 349, no. 9056 (March 1997): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62717-1.

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45

Firth, Hilda M., Diana S. Rothstein, G. Peter Herbison, and David I. McBride. "Chemical exposure among NZ farmers." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 17, no. 1 (January 22, 2007): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120601124181.

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46

Hodgson, John. "NZ de facto GMO ban." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 8 (August 2000): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/78346.

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Bouchie, Aaron J. "Australia/NZ label GM foods." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 9 (September 2000): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/79311.

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48

Boddington, Dean, Jonathan Tisch, Sheryl Tait, Tracey Cumming, and Kate Swinson. "Improving Pacing Services in NZ." Heart, Lung and Circulation 25 (2016): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.05.056.

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49

Degiovanni, P. "Z/NZ Conformal Field Theories." Communications in Mathematical Physics 127, no. 1 (January 1990): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02096494.

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Asadollahi, Javad, Rasool Hafezi, and Somayeh Sadeghi. "nZ-Gorenstein cluster tilting subcategories." Journal of Algebra 580 (August 2021): 127–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.04.004.

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