Academic literature on the topic 'Nye tensor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Hardin, Thomas, Brent L. Adams, David T. Fullwood, and Robert H. Wagoner. "Estimation of the Full Nye Tensor by EBSD-Based Dislocation Microscopy." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.489.
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An extension to a previously published, novel stereological method is reported which infers experimentally inaccessible components of the Nye GND tensor. Limitations imposed by electron-opacity of metals prevent direct measurement of four components of the Nye tensor, but it is possible to use additional experimentally-obtainable information in connection with underlying field equilibrium equations to estimate these additional components. This approach uses derivatives to the infinitesimal elastic distortion tensor to reduce error imposed by pattern center inaccuracy.
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Szabó, Péter János, and András Csóré. "Determination of Dislocation Density in Cubic Systems." Materials Science Forum 812 (February 2015): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.812.447.
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From the lattice orientation of a sample, elements of the Nye-tensor can be determined. With the help of Nye’s tensor, dislocation density can be calculated for the certain sample. Since the measures were carried out with scanning electronmicroscope (SEM), just superficial orientations can be measured. Hence the Nye-tensor is an incomplete matrix, with five elements. Because of the absence of the other four elements just a quasi-dislocation density can be obtained. The algorithm of the calculation was programmed on the language C#.
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Hartley, Craig S., and Y. Mishin. "Representation of dislocation cores using Nye tensor distributions." Materials Science and Engineering: A 400-401 (July 2005): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.03.076.
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Мурашкин, Е. В. "On a method of constructing nye figures for asymmetric theories of micropolar elasticity." Вестник Чувашского государственного педагогического университета им. И.Я. Яковлева. Серия: Механика предельного состояния, no. 3(57) (December 29, 2023): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2023.57.3.009.
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В настоящей работе процедура построения двумерных фигур Ная модифицируется для асимметричных матриц и применяется для представления определяющих псевдотензоров демитропных микрополярных упругих континуумов. Указанные матричные представления используются для упрощения тензорной записи уравнений анизотропных тел. Метод матричного представления Ная позволяет изобразить тензоры и псевдотензоры четвертого и второго рангов в виде своеобразных двумерных фигур. Получена матричная форма асимметричных определяющих уравнений демитропного микрополярного упругого тела. Основное изложение статьи проводится в декартовой прямоугольной системе координат в терминах инвариантного элемента объема. In this work, the process of constructing two-dimensional figures is modified for asymmetric matrices and is used to represent the defining pseudotensors of demitropic micropolar elastic continua. The specified matrix representations are used to simplify the tensor representation of the material of anisotropic bodies. This method allows us to represent tensors and pseudotensors of the fourth and second ranks in the form of peculiar two-dimensional figures. A matrix form is obtained that defines the basis of a demitropic micropolar elastic body. The main presentation of the article is carried out in a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system.
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Adams, Brent L., David T. Fullwood, J. A. Basinger, and T. Hardin. "High Resolution EBSD-Based Dislocation Microscopy." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.11.
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Significant advances are reported in the application of HR-EBSD to the imaging of the dislocation structure of polycrystalline materials. The central assumption of the method is the compatibility of the total displacement field, which relates the (Nye) dislocation tensor to the (partially measurable) curl of the elastic displacement field. Two key challenges must be addressed, including: a) the fundamental limitation imposed by the electron-opacity of typical materials, which limits the measurement of gradients in the displacement field in the direction normal to the sample surface; and b) the inability of HR-EBSD to recover the spherical (elastic) distortions of the lattice. This second challenge can be overcome if a traction free boundary condition is applied. It is illustrated that consideration of the familiar stress equilibrium relations gives additional information, which may enable estimates of the missing components of the Nye tensor. An example of application of HR-EBSD to a Mg-Ce sample is presented.
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Dai, Fuzhi, and Wenzheng Zhang. "Identification of Secondary Dislocations by Singular Value Decomposition of the Nye Tensor." Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 27, no. 6 (August 13, 2014): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-014-0123-6.
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Seyed Salehi, Majid, Nozar Anjabin, and Hyoung S. Kim. "Study of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations of a Partially Recrystallized Aluminum Alloy Using 2D EBSD." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619000382.
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AbstractDuring recrystallization, the growth of fresh grains initiated within a deformed microstructure causes dramatic changes in the dislocation structure and density of a heavily deformed matrix. In this paper, the microstructure of a cold rolled and partially recrystallized Al-Mg alloy (AA5052) was studied via electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The structure and density of the geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) were predicted using a combination of continuum mechanics and dislocation theory. Accordingly, the Nye dislocation tensor, which determines the GND structure, was estimated by calculation of the lattice curvature. To do so, five components of the Nye dislocation tensor were directly calculated from the local orientation of surface points of the specimen, which was determined by two-dimensional EBSD. The remaining components of GNDs were determined by minimizing a normalized Hamiltonian equation based on dislocation energy. The results show the elimination of low angle boundaries, lattice curvature, and GNDs in recrystallized regions and the formation of low angle boundaries with orientation discontinuities in deformed grains, which may be due to static recovery.
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Leff, A. C., C. R. Weinberger, and M. L. Taheri. "Estimation of dislocation density from precession electron diffraction data using the Nye tensor." Ultramicroscopy 153 (June 2015): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.002.
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Mendis, B. G., Y. Mishin, C. S. Hartley, and K. J. Hemker. "Use of the Nye tensor in analyzing HREM images of bcc screw dislocations." Philosophical Magazine 86, no. 29-31 (October 11, 2006): 4607–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430600660849.
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Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. "Sliding over anisotropic beds." Annals of Glaciology 30 (2000): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756400781820840.
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AbstractMany glacier beds are anisotropic, by which is meant that the dominant wavelengths are different in the two map-plane directions. A largely unexplored consequence of Nye-Kamb sliding theory is the fact that an anisotropic bed can produce a sliding velocity not parallel to the tangential traction vector. This has important consequences, since observations of non-parallel flow are often taken as indications that the shallow-ice approximation has broken down, whereas this need not be the case with an anisotropic bed.Mathematically, this effect can be incorporated through the use of a sliding tensor. The mathematical properties of this tensor are outlined, and the correct "invariant" for the sliding law, a quadratic form, is deduced. Nye-Kamb theory for anisotropic beds is discussed. Flow on the infinite plane and the properties of surface-topography diffusion are elucidated. The properties of kinematic waves and shock waves are discussed. Kinematic waves can have a lateral component. Numerical computations of ice-sheet flow on beds with anisotropic roughness are presented, with emphasis placed on how this affects divide-ridge structure It is suggested that cold-based ice sheets, which have an anisotropic bed affecting the shear layer, may also show non-parallelism of surface slope and velocity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Kharouji, Houssam. "Modélisation micromécanique des défauts cristallins informée par simulation atomistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0146.
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Cette thèse propose un cadre multiéchelle pour modéliser de manière continue les structures de cœur des défauts cristallins, tels que les dislocations et les joints de grains, ainsi que leurs interactions élastiques et les énergies de cœur associées, en combinant des approches atomistiques et de mécanique des milieux continus. L'idée centrale de cette étude est de transformer les structures atomiques de coeurs des défauts en champs continus de densités de dislocations, tout en préservant les détails atomistiques essentiels. L'approche développée repose sur un modèle micromécanique récent basé sur la mécanique des champs de dislocations qui utilise le tenseur de densité de dislocation de Nye, dérivé des données atomistiques, pour modéliser les champs mécaniques à courte et longue portée associés à ces défauts. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès à des dislocations vis compactes dans le tungstène, issues de simulations extit{ab initio}, ainsi que sur des joints de grains dans le cuivre, simulés par statique moléculaire. Cette approche s'est révélée capable de reproduire remarquablement les vecteurs de Burgers et les champs mécaniques des défaut, démontrant l'absence de perte significative d'information au niveau des cœurs des défauts. Il a été possible de reproduire des joints de grains de tout angle de désorientation en utilisant une densité équivalente de dislocations, tout en capturant les champs élastiques continus. Par ailleurs, cette étude a permis d'intégrer les champs élastiques et les densités de dislocations dans des fonctionnelles énergétiques basées sur le tenseur de Nye, typiquement utilisées au sein de modèles de plasticité à gradient, afin d'évaluer leur contribution respective à l'énergie totale des joints de grains. Nous avons ainsi analysé et discuté les formes de fonctionnelles pertinentes pour ces modèles énergétiques, en explorant l'origine physique du paramètre de longueur interne inhérent à ces fonctionnelles, et sa dépendance aux types de joints de grains, aux structures atomistiques, et à l'échelle de résolution spatiale. Cette formulation nous a permis d'établir des corrélations entre les structures atomiques des joints de grains et les énergies de cœur, apportant des perspectives nouvelles pour la compréhension et la modélisation des défauts cristallins dans les matériaux polycristallinsThis thesis proposes a multiscale framework aimed at providing a continuous representation of the core structures of crystalline defects, such as dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as their elastic interactions and associated core energies, by combining atomistic and continuum mechanics approaches. The central idea of this study is to transform the atomic core structures of defects into continuous fields of dislocation densities, while preserving the essential atomistic details. The approach developed relies on a recent micromechanical model based on field dislocation mechanics, , which uses the Nye dislocation density tensor, derived from atomistic data, to reproduce the short and long-range mechanical fields associated with these defects. The method has been successfully applied to compact screw dislocations in tungsten, derived from extit{ab initio} simulations, as well as to grain boundaries in copper, simulated by molecular statics. This approach is capable of remarkably reproducing Burgers vectors and defect mechanical fields, demonstrating the lack of any significant loss of information at defect cores. It was possible to reproduce grain boundaries of any misorientation angle using an equivalent density of dislocations, while capturing the continuous elastic fields. Furthermore, this study enables to integrate elastic fields and dislocation densities into Nye tensor-based energy functionals, typically used within strain gradient plasticity models, in order to assess their respective contribution to the total energy of grain boundaries. We analyzed and discussed the relevant forms of energy functionals, explored the physical origin of the internal length parameter inherent to these functionals, and its dependence on grain boundary types, atomistic structures, and spatial resolution scale. This formulation enables to establish correlations between grain boundary atomistic structures and core energies, providing new insights into the understanding and modeling of crystal defects in polycrystalline materials
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Engelbrecht, Nicholas Eugéne. "On the heliospheric diffusion tensor and its effect on 26-day recurrent cosmic-ray variations / N.E. Engelbrecht." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2052.
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Stratmann, Dirk. "Nouvelles méthodes pour l'attribution de spectres RMN de protéines de structure tridimensionnelle connue." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066667.
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Une condition préalable pour toute étude d’une protéine par RMN est l’attribution des résonances du spectre 15N-1H HSQC à leurs atomes correspondants du squelette peptidique. Un nouveau type de stratégie d’attribution exploite l’information donnée par une structure 3D déjà disponible de la même protéine ou d’une protéine homologue. Jusqu’à présent, les algorithmes, développés autour de cette stratégie, ont deux inconvénients majeurs : ils ne peuvent pas garantir l’exactitude de l’attribution et ils ne sont pas applicables à des protéines de grande taille. Dans un premier temps, il est montré que l’utilisation des couplages dipolaires résiduels (RDC) pour l’attribution basée sur la structure peut poser des problèmes, notamment liée à l’estimation du tenseur d’alignement. Une nouvelle méthode d’attribution basée sur la structure, nommée NOEnet, est présentée ici. NOEnet n’est pas basée sur les RDCs mais sur les effets Overhauser nucléaire (NOEs). RDCs, déplacements chimiques (CS) et presque tout type de donnée peuvent être inclus dans NOEnet grâce à une approche générale de filtre. NOEnet exploite le réseau de contraintes NOE HN-HN non ambiguës en réalisant une recherche exhaustive de tous les appariements possibles entre le réseau des NOEs et le réseau de la structure 3D. Son algorithme efficace de recherche complète garantit l’exactitude du résultat d’attribution. NOEnet a été testé avec succès sur plusieurs protéines jusqu’à 28 kDa, en utilisant uniquement des données NOE ou une combinaison de données NOE, RDC et CSA prerequisite for any protein study by NMR is the assignment of the resonances from the 15N-1H HSQC spectrum to their corresponding atoms of the protein backbone. A new type of assignment strategy exploits the information given by an already available 3D structure of the same or a homologous protein. Up to now, the algorithms that have been developed around this strategy have two important drawbacks: they cannot guarantee the accuracy of the assignment and they are not applicable to large proteins. First is shown that the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDC) for the structure based assignment can be problematic, especially the estimation of the alignment tensor is difficult. A novel structure based assignment approach, called NOEnet, is presented here. NOEnet is not based on RDCs but on Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOEs). RDCs, chemical shifts (CS) and almost any kind of data can be included in NOEnet through a general filter approach. NOEnet exploits the network property of unambiguous HN-HN NOE constraints to realize an exhaustive search of all matching possibilities of the NOE network on the structural one. Its efficient complete search algorithm ensures the correctness of the assignment results. NOEnet has been successfully tested on several proteins up to 28 kDa, using only NOE data or a combination of NOE, RDC and CS data
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Lanoie, Nathalie. "Influence de l'environnement et des herbicides sur la proportion de grains vêtus, la teneur en huile et les profils d'acides gras de l'avoine nue." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26162/26162.pdf.
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Vazquez-Carrasquer, Victor. "Identification and genotypic variability of plant traits early determining nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in winter oilseed rape under low-N inputs." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB002.
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Améliorer le rendement du colza dans un contexte de bas intrants azotés (N) est un enjeu majeur de sélection. Ceci impose une connaissance approfondie de la variabilité génétique des processus sous-tendant l’efficacité d’utilisation de l’azote (NUE, rendement en graines par unité d’azote disponible). Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les processus écophysiologiques contribuant à la NUE et à ses composantes sous faible nutrition azotée, en identifiant et hiérarchisant les principaux traits sous-tendant leur variabilité génotypique. Six génotypes de colza d’hiver ont été étudiés en conditions semi-contrôlées sous des doses d’azote contrastées. Nous avons montré que la variable NUE_DM (biomasse totale produite par unité d’azote disponible) est un indicateur précoce de la NUE à la récolte valable dès la montaison, qui nous a permis de caractériser dynamiquement la NUE. L’efficience d'absorption d’azote (NUpE, N absorbé par unité d’azote disponible) s’est révélée être une composante majeure de la NUE sous contrainte azotée, expliquant 80 % des variations avant la floraison, et plus de 30 % après. De plus, sa variabilité génotypique dépend de la biomasse des racines fines et non de l’absorption spécifique d'azote. Grâce au développement d’un cadre conceptuel de modélisation du fonctionnement du colza décrivant les flux de carbone et d’azote dans la plante entière et valable jusqu’à floraison, nous avons fait ressortir l'assimilation spécifique de carbone, la part de carbone allouée aux tiges et la proportion de racines fines comme paramètres clés de la réponse génotypique à l’azote. Nos résultats suggèrent que la NUpE et la proportion de racines fines seraient des indicateurs de la NUE permettant de cribler précocement des variétés à haut débitImproving rapeseed yields in a low-Nitrogen (N) agricultural context is a major issue for breeding. It requires a thorough knowledge of the genotypic variation of the processes related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE, seed yield per unit of N available). This PhD aims at better understanding the ecophysiological processes determining the NUE and its components under low-N availability by identifying and hierarchizing the main traits supporting observed genotypic variation. Six winter oilseed rape genotypes were investigated throughout the crop cycle under semi-controlled conditions and contrasting N-conditions. We proposed NUE_DM (plant dry matter per unit of N available), as a new proxy of NUE at harvest, valid as early as the beginning of stem elongation. This proxy allowed us to dynamically characterize NUE, highlighting NUpE (plant N-amount per unit of N available) as a main contributor of NUE under low-N conditions, which explained up to 80% of the NUE_DM variations before flowering, and more than 30% after. Moreover, NUpE genotypic variability resulted from fine root growth rather than specific N-uptake differences. We developed a whole-plant conceptual modeling framework of carbon and nitrogen absorption and partitioning for winter oilseed rape. This framework, validated up to flowering, highlighted specific carbon assimilation, carbon partitioning between leaves and stems, and fine root ratio as critical traits explaining contrasting genotypic behavior to N-conditions. Our results suggest NUpE and fine root ratio as promising traits for screening larger sets of varieties for NUE breeding purposes
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Oliveira, Patrícia Viesti de. "Estudo mecânico do efeito do laser HeNe em cicatrização de tendão de Aquiles de coelho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-04022016-104453/.
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O desenvolvimento de novos recursos terapêuticos capazes de acelerar o processo de reparo tem proporcionado avanços significativos no tratamento de lesões tendinosas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência da radiação LASER HeNe em cicatrização de tendões. Foi desenvolvido um modelo experimental de lesão de tendão de Aquiles através de um procedimento minimamente invasivo em coelhos adultos. Foram utilizados 40 animais distribuídos em quatro grupos de 10 animais (I, II III IV). No grupo I a lesão do tendão foi unilateral (pata direita) e o tendão lesado não recebeu estímulos com LASER. No grupo II a lesão foi unilateral (pata direita) e o tendão lesado recebeu estímulos com LASER. No grupo III a lesão do tendão foi bilateral e apenas a pata direita foi estimulada com LASER. No grupo IV foi realizada \"Sham Operation\" bilateralmente e apenas o tendão da pata direita recebeu estímulo com LASER. Todos os animais foram tratados com dose a 5 J/cm2 de forma pontual com contato direto durante 8 dias consecutivos, diariamente. Após este período os animais foram sacrificados e os tendões de Aquiles submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de tração em máquina de ensaio mecânico. Foram ensaiados 71 tendões, sendo 09 descartados. Embora não tenhamos observado diferença estatística significante nas comparações feitas entre os grupos, podemos notar que existiu uma tendência apontando que os tendões estimulados com LASER apresentaram resistência menor que os grupos controles. Estes resultados sugerem que o LASER diminuiu a resistência dentro das condições estudadas. Relevância Clínica: O presente trabalho mostra o conceito de que a irradiação LASER pode diminuir a resistência mecânica da cicatrização tendinosa em fases precoces do processo.The development of new therapeutic resources addressing accelerating the repairing process has proportioned a meaningful advance in the treatment of tendon lesions. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the influence of He-Ne LASER radiation on tendon healing. An experimental model of Achilles tendon lesion was developed through a minimally invasive procedure in adults rabbits. We used 40 animals divided in groups of 10 animals each. In group I the tendon lesion was unilateral (right-paw) and the injured tendon did not receive LASER stimulation. In group II the lesion was unilateral (right-paw) and only, the injured side received LASER stimulation. In group III the tendon lesion was bilateral and only the right-paw was stimulated by LASER. In group IV bilateral sham operation was performed and only the right - paw received LASER stimulation. All the animals were treated with 5 J/cm2 dosis in a punctual way with direct contact for 8 successive days. After this period the animals were killed and the Achilles tendons were submitted to mechanical tests in traction on a mechanical testing machine. Seventy-one tendons were tested and 9 were discarded. No statiscally significant difference was observed in the comparison done between groups, however we could notice a tendency suggesting that the tendons stimulated by LASER presented a lesser mechanical resistance. These results suggest that LASER probably reduces the resistance in the studied conditions. Clinic Relevance: The present study supports the concept that LASER irradiation may induce an attenuation of the mechanical properties of the healing tendon in a very early phasis of the proccess.
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Coffey, Gregory Peter. "An examination of selected works for percussion: Prelúdio No. 1 Mi Menor (E Minor), op. 11 by Ney Rosauro, Prelúdio No. 2 la maior (a minor) by Ney Rosauro, Rotation IV by Eric Sammut, Water Falls for a Desert by Greg Coffey, Strands of Time by Brian Blume, Surface Tension by Dave Hollinden, bitsmoke by Casey Farina." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13755.
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Master of MusicDepartment of Music
Kurt Gartner
This is a report intended for musicians and scholars who seek to enhance their understanding of any number of the following compositions: Prelúdio No. 1 Mi Menor (E Minor), op. 11 by Ney Rosauro, Prelúdio No. 2 la maior (A minor) by Ney Rosauro, Rotation IV by Eric Sammut, Water Falls for a Desert by Greg Coffey, Strands of Time by Brian Blume, Surface Tension by Dave Hollinden, bitsmoke by Casey Farina. Each work has been analyzed examined in accordance with Jan LaRue’s Guidelines For Style Analysis. For some compositions including only relative-pitch instruments, analysis of harmony has been omitted. For all compositions, the author has added notable performance considerations, essential technical and interpretive considerations in accord with LaRue’s guidelines. Therefore, the approach taken in analytical categories of this document can be exhibited as Sound, Harmony, Melody, Rhythm, Growth, and Performance.
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Barnes, Austin Lee. "Analysis of selected percussion literature: Concerto for vibraphone and orchestra by Ney Rosauro, Surface tension by Dave Hollinden, Urban sketches for percussion trio by Lon W. Chaffin, Take five by Paul Desmond, and DT supreme by Austin Barnes." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14141.
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Master of MusicDepartment of Music
Kurt Gartner
This is a report for anyone playing or teaching any one of the following pieces: Concerto for Vibraphone and Orchestra by Ney Rosauro, Surface Tension by Dave Hollinden, Urban Sketches for Percussion Trio by Lon W. Chaffin, Take Five by Paul Desmond, or DT Supreme by Austin Barnes. The repertoire is analyzed by the method given in Jan Larue’s book Guidelines for Style and Analysis. The report includes interpretive decisions, technical considerations, harmonic analysis, and form.
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Lefèvre, Romain. "Matière organique stable du sol : dynamique et mécanismes de (dé)stabilisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066261.
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Comprendre le devenir du carbone organique stable du sol (COS) dans un environnement globalement plus chaud est un défi majeur pour prévoir sur le long terme la concentration en CO2 atmosphérique. Pour cela il apparaît nécessaire de mieux comprendre ce qu'est ce COS stable à l'échelle pluri-décennale et comment sa cinétique de minéralisation est modulée par la température. C'est avec cette ambition que cette thèse se propose (1) d'étudier la sensibilité à la température de la minéralisation du COS stable; (2) d'étudier la réponse à la température de la communauté microbienne qui minéralise le COS et (3) d'établir un lien entre âge et décomposabilité du COSLes échantillons issus de 4 essais de jachère nue ont été utilisés dans cette thèse. Des échantillons prélevés en début de chacun de ces essais et après plusieurs décennies de jachère nue ont été incubés à différentes températures pendant 427 jours. La respiration de ces échantillons a été suivie régulièrement. En fin d'incubation, la structure des communautés microbiennes a été déterminée par pyroséquençage. D'autre part, une datation du COS contenu dans les échantillons de la chrono-séquence de l'essai de jachère nue de Versailles a été réalisée.Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence une relation générale entre vitesse de décomposition du carbone et sensibilité à la température. Ces travaux ont également mis en lumière une plus grande diversité et une plus grande sensibilité à la température des communautés microbiennes associées au carbone stable. Enfin, cette thèse met en lumière les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'utilisation de la technique de datation de la matière organique du sol par le 14CTo understand the fate of stable soil organic carbon (SOC) in a warmer world is a major challenge to be able to predict future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To do so, it is of prime importance to understand what the stable SOC is exactly and how its mineralization rate is modulated by temperature. This thesis proposed to study (1) the temperature sensitivity of stable SOC mineralization; (2) the response of soil microbial communities to temperature and (3) to establish a link between SOC decomposability and its age. Soil samples from four long term bare fallow experiments were used for work. We incubated soils sampled at the beggining of each experiment and after several decades of bare fallow at different temperatures for 427 days and we regularly monitored soil respiration. At the end of the incubation, soil microbial communities were assessed using pyrosequencing techniques. Finally, we determined the age of soil organic carbon by radiocarbon dating in soil samples from the chrono-sequence located at Versailles, France. The results obtained brought evidence for a general relationship between the mineralization rate of soil organic carbon and its temperature sensitivity. We also found that microbial communities linked to stable organic carbon are more diverse but also more sensitive to a temperature increase. Some bacterial phyla were particularly impacted by the temperature increase and the organic resource rarefaction. Finally, this thesis highlighted the difficulties met with the radiocarbon dating technique
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Aveiro, Susana Seabra. "The p22HBP heme binding protein: an NMR study of the dynamics and heme-protein interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14278.
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Doutoramento em BioquímicaThe work presented in this Thesis investigates the dynamics and molecular interactions of p22HBP and the p22HBP-tetrapyrrole complex. Specifically, the key residues involved when a tetrapyrrole binds to p22HBP were sought. Previous molecular modelling studies identified three possible charged residues R56, K64 and K177 as possibly being important in tetrapyrrole binding via electrostatic interactions with the propionate groups of the tetrapyrrole. A number of variants of murine p22HBP were therefore prepared and fluorescence quenching and NMR used to verify the integrity of the variants and their interaction with tetrapyrrole. The same molecular modelling studies identified a mobile loop Y171-R180 in p22HBP that decreased in mobility on tetrapyrrole binding, therefore to confirm this mobility change dynamics studies based on NMR relaxation experiments were carried out. Finally in order to obtain a non heme-binding form of human p22HBP a chimeric p22HBP was designed and constructed. This construct, and the resulting protein, will be important for future siRNA knockdown studies where rescue or recovery of function experiments are required to prove the knockdown results. Chapter one discusses the current state of the art in terms of the biological, structural and functional aspects of p22HBP. The main objectives of the Thesis are also introduced here. Chapter two presents a detailed description of the different expression vectors (pNJ2 and pet28-a) and procedures used for overexpression and purification of murine p22HBP and its variants and human p22HBP. All expression and purification systems used gave good yields and allowed isotopic labeling to be carried out. The fluorescence quenching results for tetrapyrrole binding to murine p22HBP and variants are presented in chapter three along with the dissociation constants that were found to be in the nanomolar range for wild type murine and human p22HBP. The same studies were performed for murine p22HBP variants, with hydrophobic and polar changes being introduced at R56, K64 and K177. The dissociation constants were found to double in some cases but no significant changes in the strength of hemin-protein interactions were observed. The tetrapyrrole interaction with p22HBP was also followed by NMR spectroscopy, where chemical shift mapping was used to identify binding pocket location. All the variants and wild type human p22HBP were found to bind at the same location. Chapter 4 contains the data from 2D and 3D experiments carried out on 15N/13C labelled human p22HBP that was used to obtain backbone assignments. Comparison with wild type murine p22HBP assignments, PPIX titrations and theoretical calculations based on chemical shifts (Talos+) allowed 82% of the backbone resonances to be assigned. The results from the relaxation experiments used to probe the dynamics of the mobile loop in p22HBP on binding to tetrapyrrole are presented in chapter 5. The overall protein was found to tumble isotropically in the free and bound forms however the results to probe mobility changes in the 171-180 loop on tetrapyrrole binding proved inconclusive as only residue could be assigned and this did not seem to become significantly less mobile. The final chapter describes the design and construction of a chimeric p22HBP. For these purpose, the alfa1-helix sequence of human p22HBP in the phHBP1 plasmid was replaced by its homologous sequence in hSOUL, a non heme-binding protein with identical 3D structure. The results however indicated that either the incorrect sequence was introduced into the plasmid or the purification procedure was inadequate.
O trabalho apresentado nesta Tese focou-se na dinâmica e nas interações moleculares da p22HBP e do complexo p22HBP-tetrapirrol, nomeadamente nos resíduos chave envolvidos nesta interação. Estudos prévios de modelação molecular identificaram três possíveis resíduos chave R56, K64 e K177 como sendo importantes na interação com os tetrapirróis, através de interações eletrostáticas com os grupos propionato do tetrapirrol. Foram desenhados e construídos variantes da p22HBP murina e foram desenvolvidos estudos de extinção de fluorescência e RMN para avaliar a integridade dos variantes e a sua interação com os tetrapirróis. Os mesmos estudos de modelação molecular identificaram ainda uma zona flexível (Y171-R180) na p22HBP que diminui a mobilidade com a interação do tetrapirrol. Para confirmar esta alteração de mobilidade, foram realizados estudos de dinâmica, baseados em RMN. Por fim, com o intuito de obter uma versão não funcional da p22HBP humana, foi planeada e construída uma versão quimérica da p22HBP humana. No futuro, esta nova versão da p22HBP quimérica, será importante para os estudos de knockdown envolvendo siRNA. O capítulo um introduz uma revisão dos aspetos biológicos da p22HBP nomeadamente os estudos estruturais e as possíveis funções que foram identificadas. Os principais objetivos da tese são também apresentados neste capítulo. No capítulo dois é apresentada uma descrição detalhada dos diferentes vectores de sobreexpressão (pNJ2 e pet28-a) e dos métodos de sobreexpressão e purificação da p22HBP murina e respectivos variantes, bem como da p22HBP humana. Todos os sistemas de sobreexpressão e purificação utilizados obtiveram bons rendimentos e permitiram a marcação isotópica das proteínas. No capítulo 3 são apresentados os resultados de extinção de fluorescência para a interação da p22HBP murina e humana com hemina através das constantes de dissociação determinadas na ordem dos nanomolar. Os mesmos estudos foram realizados para os variantes da p22HBP murina, com alterações hidrofóbicas e de polaridade nos resíduos R56, K64 e K177. Em alguns casos, as constantes de dissociação determinadas são mais elevadas, embora não se tenham verificado alterações significativas na força da interação proteína-hemo. As interações tetrapirrólicas com a p22HBP foram também estudadas por espectroscopia de RMN, onde foram mapeadas as diferenças nos desvios químicos para identificar a localização da zona de interação. A localização da zona de interação dos variantes da p22HBP e a p2HBP humana mantém-se igual à p22HBP murina. No capítulo 4 encontram-se os resultados das experiências 2D e 3D realizadas na p22HBP humana, isotopicamente marcada com 15N/13C, para identificar as ressonâncias da cadeia principal. 82% dos sistemas de spin da cadeia principal foram identificados através da comparação com a p22HBP murina, das titulações com PPIX e de cálculos teóricos baseados nos desvios químicos (Talos+). No capítulo 5 são apresentados os resultados das experiências de relaxação, usados para comprovarem a dinâmica do loop na p22HBP aquando da interação com o tetrapirrol. A proteína no seu todo move-se de uma forma isotrópica na forma livre e ligada. No entanto os resultados para comprovar as alterações de mobilidade no loop 171-180 na presença de hemo, foram inconclusivos uma vez que só a um resíduo foi atribuído um sistema de spin, e não foi indicativo da perda significativa de mobilidade. O último capítulo descreve o planeamento e a construção da p22HBP quimérica. Para tal, a sequência que codifica a hélix alfa 1 da p22HBP humana, no plasmídeo phHBP1, foi substituída pela sequência homóloga da SOUL humana, uma proteína com uma estrutura 3D semelhante mas não liga ao hemo. Os resultados no entanto demonstraram que ou a sequência não foi introduzida corretamente no plasmídeo ou o sistema de purificação não foi adequado.
Books on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. The Tender Cut. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.001.0001.
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Vākya-saṃracanā aura visleshaṇa: Nae pratimāna. Nayī Dillī: Rādhākr̥shṇa Prakāśana, 2008.
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Carion, Christian. Joyeux Noël. Perrin, 2005.
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Nyc Civil Service Exam Secrets Test Prep. High Pressure Plant Tender Exam Secrets Study Guide: NYC Civil Service Exam Practice Questions and Test Review for the New York City High Pressure Plant Tender Exam. Mometrix Media LLC, 2016.
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Baym, Nancy K. Playing to the Crowd. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479896165.001.0001.
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In Playing to the Crowd, Nancy K. Baym examines the shift toward more personal connections with audiences, offering an entirely new approach to media cultures and industries as she does. The book argues that workers in many fields are under increased pressure get online and connect with others to further their careers, a trend that musicians have long led. Using a dialectical framework, the book draws on in depth-interviews with a range of professional musicians and other qualitative methods to show how the rise of digital communication platforms transformed artist-fan relationships into something that can feel personal. Part I explores music as a means of communication and as a commodity, drawing out the tension between its social and commercial values. Part II looks at audiences, showing how they developed fandoms in the 20th century, how those fandoms came online, and the tension between participation and control musicians experience when they encounter online audiences. Part III looks at relationships, examining how, in contrast to the concert hall environment in which musicians and audiences may one have met, social media create a new potential and pressure for everyday, intimate relating and how musicians manage the tensions between closeness and distance this creates. Ultimately, the book argues that the relational labor musicians do is a significant mode of work, one which requires resources, skills, and strategies we must all understand.
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Engel, Stephen M., and Timothy S. Lyle. Disrupting Dignity. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479852031.001.0001.
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Dignity is having a moment. It pervades our cultural, political, and legal imagination and has become a basis for LGBTQ+ rights and visibility. How has the word been invoked? Who has done so and why? Should the recognition of LGBTQ+ people as dignified be a cause for celebration or, ironically, a cause for concern? Put differently, does this recognition foster equality, equity, and inclusion, or does it expand boundaries? Beginning with an episode in HIV/AIDS history—the shuttering of bathhouses in the mid-1980s—we trace dignity’s generative work as a rhetorical and neoliberal tool to police queer bodies and practices. We map the consequences of this practice for queer logics and worldmaking in contemporary LGBTQ+ life. We explore how the term is brandished by state and cultural authorities in public health policy, cultural representations, and law. While some understand dignity as an unalloyed good, we are skeptical of what dignity requires. Because it often demands sameness as the foundation for valuing LGBTQ+ life, some political and cultural authorities, as well as some LGBTQ+ people, denigrate the value of queer life and its position of difference. Despite this pressure, the queer penchant for difference has never fully dissipated. Instead of an adoption of sameness, contemporary LGBTQ+ practices and representations often reveal a dynamic tension between dignity’s seductive rhetoric of homogenization and efforts to reclaim a historical potential for transgression and a celebration of difference. This tension creates one possible pathway to understand who we have been and who we might become.
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Trnka, Marian. Učenie o prírode a vede : náčrt dimenzií učiva. Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/2023.9788055720487.
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Publikácia predstavuje nový pohľad školy na prírodovedné vzdelávanie. Ide o pohľad, v ktorom toto vzdelávanie nie je o učení sa prírodovedných reálií, ale je procesom žiakovho spoznávania disku vedy. Tento pohľad je v texte odkrývaný postupne, cez predstavenie filozofických a psychologických vchodísk súčasnej didaktiky a cez odkrytie dvoch protichodných didaktických trendov: adademicky a konštruktivistický ladenej didaktiky. Ústrednou časťou textu je časť o vedecky ladenom kurikule, ktoré je autorom textu rámcované do štyroch dimenzií učiva prírodovedného vzdelávania.
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Underman, Kelly. Feeling Medicine. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479897780.001.0001.
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Gynecological teaching associates (GTAs) are trained laypeople who teach medical students the communication and technical skills of the pelvic examination while simultaneously serving as live models on whose bodies these same students practice. These programs are widespread in the United States and present a fascinating case for understanding contemporary emotional socialization in medical education. Feeling Medicine traces the origins of these programs in the Women’s Health Movement and in the nascent field of medical education research in the 1970s. It explores how these programs work at three major medical schools in Chicago using archival sources and interviews with GTAs, medical faculty, and medical students. This book argues that GTA programs embody the tension in medical education between the drive toward science and the ever-presence of emotion. It claims that new regimes of governance in medical education today rely on the modification of affect, or embodied capacities to feel and form attachments. Feeling Medicine thus explores what it means to make good physicians in an era of corporatized healthcare. In the process, it considers the role of simulation and the meaning of patient empowerment in the medical profession, as well as the practices that foster caring commitments between physicians and their patients—and those that are exploitable by for-profit healthcare.
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Stoughton, Seth W., Jeffrey J. Noble, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. Evaluating Police Uses of Force. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479814657.001.0001.
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The use of force by police has proven to be a challenging and divisive issue in the United States, and for good reason. Philosophically, the government’s use of violence against community members is in tension with basic democratic norms of individual liberty, personal security, and bodily autonomy. In practice, officers use force on hundreds of thousands of individuals every year. Police violence plays an important role in shaping public attitudes toward government generally and toward policing specifically. Community trust and confidence in policing has been undermined by the perception that officers are using force, including deadly force, unnecessarily, too frequently, or in problematically disparate ways. The use of force can also serve as a flashpoint, a spark that ignites long-simmering community hostility. There are, in short, compelling reasons to think critically about police uses of force. This book explores an essential, but largely overlooked, facet of the difficult and controversial issues of police violence and accountability: the question of how society evaluates police uses of force. The authors—a prominent legal scholar and former officer, a long-time police commander, and a distinguished criminologist—draw on their experience and decades of research to offer five different answers to that question, discussing in depth the rules established by constitutional law, state laws, agency policies, international law, and community expectations, and providing critical information about police tactics and force options to allow for the accurate application of those analytical frameworks.
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Gschneid. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Marginson, Simon, and Lili Yang. "Higher Education and Public Good in East and West." In The Promise of Higher Education, 161–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_25.
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AbstractThe 70th year of the IAU has been marked not only by the Covid-19 pandemic but by the geopolitical tension between the United States and China. After almost four decades of cooperation, which began in shared opposition to Soviet Russia and a shared interest in China’s modernisation, the leaders of each country have become strident critics of the other. The escalating war of words has led to disruptions in trade, communications and visas and now threatens the vast and fruitful cooperation between universities and researchers. Much is at stake. Many US universities are in China, such as Stanford with its state-of-the-art centre at Peking University and NYU with a branch campus in Shanghai. Chinese universities benefit from visits in both directions, from bench-marking using American partner templates and from the return of US-trained doctoral graduates. US-China links in science are focused on crucial areas like biomedicine and epidemiology, planetary science and ecology, engineering, materials, energy, cybernetics.
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Matetić Poljak, Daniela. "Le palais de Dioclétien, palais ou villa maritime." In Villae maritimae del Mediterraneo occidentale, 285–304. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/120x7.
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Le palais de Dioclétien s’inscrit par son emplacement au bord de la mer dans la catégorie des villae maritimae. La zone résidentielle, construite sur de hautes substructions, s’ouvre vers la mer. Destinée à la dernière phase de la vie de l’empereur après son abdication, cette villa était certainement richement ornée. Réduite à l’état de ruines par le développement de la ville de Split, il ne reste que quelques témoins du luxe originel. Dans cet article, pour tenter de donner une idée de ce luxe, les éléments du décor architectural, des peintures murales, des autres formes des revêtements pariétaux, de la sculpture et du mobilier sont pris en considération.
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Roos, Merethe. "Å danne politiske borgere – Ole Gabriel Uelands innsats for forbedret politisk opplysning." In Nye perspektiv på Hans Nielsen Hauge, 165–81. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.190.ch8.
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This chapter will shed light upon Ole Gabriel Ueland’s proposal to establish a stortingstidende in 1836, a regular paper aiming to mediate the discussions at the Storting to a broader audience. Ueland, who was one of Hans Nielsen Hauge’s followers, was one of the leading politicians in the Norwegian peasant opposition from the 1830’s, and he is known as a driving force behind the Presidency Act in 1836. This act secured that Norway gained a higher degree of local self-government. I will argue that Ueland’s proposal can be seen in a time-typical tension between agitation and enlightenment, and that the proposal must be understood against his background in the Hauge movement. While most Norwegians at that time only had basic skills in reading and writing, Hauge’s followers possessed a higher level of competence and would be able to read and understand the content of a stortingstidende.
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"Index." In The Tender Cut, 250–51. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0018.
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"12 Understanding Self-Injury." In The Tender Cut, 199–218. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0015.
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"9 Self-Injury Relationships." In The Tender Cut, 144–66. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0012.
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"5 The Phenomenology of the Cut." In The Tender Cut, 66–93. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0008.
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"4 Becoming a Self-Injurer." In The Tender Cut, 53–65. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0007.
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"2 Literature and Population." In The Tender Cut, 22–37. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0005.
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"10 The Social Transformation of Self-Injury." In The Tender Cut, 167–80. New York University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814705414.003.0013.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Nagaraju, C., Mrinmay Sen, and C. Krishna Mohan. "FONN: Federated Optimization with Nys-Newton." In TENCON 2023 - 2023 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322415.
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Cherry, M. R., and J. S. Knopp. "Stochastic collocation method for higher dimensional NDE problems with tensor product grids." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: VOLUME 32. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789253.
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Momeni, Hamed, and Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou. "High-dimensional data analytics applications in SHM and NDE: tensor analysis of thermal videos." In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, edited by Daniele Zonta, Zhongqing Su, and Branko Glisic. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2613214.
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Vaughn, Natalie H., Trevor Jackson, and William L. Hennrikus. "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Quadriceps Tendon Autograft in Adolescent Athletes." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.194.
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Kaatz, Philip, and David P. Shelton. "Comparison of Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities Measured in Gas and Liquid Phases." In Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1996.nme.30.
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Hyper-Rayleigh Scatttering (HRS) measurements have become an important method for measuring the first hyperpolarizabilities β of organic chromophores [1]. This technique is more flexible and much simpler than the alternative Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic Generation (EFISH) method for determining β. However, unresolved difficulties with the absolute calibration of solution EFISH measurements [2] have not been avoided, but only compounded, because the uncertain EFISH values are used to calibrate HRS, and because different combinations of tensor components are measured in the two experiments. Furthermore, HRS signals from liquid phase samples can include large intermolecular contributions [3], which have usually been ignored.
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de Freitas, Antonio Alves, Adir Janete Godoy dos Santos, Brigitte Roxana Soreanu Pecequilo, Alcídio Abrão, Anselmo Salles Paschoa, and Friedrich Steinhäusler. "Natural Gamma Emitters after a Selective Chemical Separation of a TENORM residue: Preliminary Results." In THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2991231.
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Keller, Michael S., Tribikram Kundu, and Chandrakant S. Desai. "Use of Lamb Waves to Predict Current Damaged State of Mortar." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/nde-25801.
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Abstract This paper describes the experimental and analytical results for the development of a methodology for predicting the current state of simulated concrete (mortar) in infrastructure. The nondestructive Lamb wave technique is used to experimentally identify the disturbance (damage) before and after mechanical testing of mortar specimens, which is used in the initial research as a substitute for concrete. The mortar specimens are tested to measure their stress-strain response under uniaxial compression and tension loading. The results of the nondestructive and mechanical stress-strain testing are correlated to develop the model based on the Disturbed State Concept (DSC), a unified approach for modeling material behavior. This model can allow evaluation of the deformation moduli, strength and degradation (damage) at a given state during the life of the material. This information can be used to design rehabilitation strategies. It can also lead to the development of new computer based equipment that can be used in the field for defining the remaining life. At this time, the research involved one-dimensional testing. The proposed methodology can, however, be extended and improved by conducting two- and three-dimensional testing of concrete specimens.
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Abdul-Aziz, Ali, Adam C. Wroblewski, Ramakrishna T. Bhatt, Martha H. Jaskowiak, Daniel Gorican, and Richard W. Rauser. "Assessment of NDE methods for detecting cracks and damage in environmental barrier coated CMC tested under tension." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Kara J. Peters. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2087600.
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Wang, Xinrun, Chang Yang, Shuxin Li, Pengdeng Li, Xiao Huang, Hau Chan, and Bo An. "Reinforcement Nash Equilibrium Solver." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/30.
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Nash Equilibrium (NE) is the canonical solution concept of game theory, which provides an elegant tool to understand the rationalities. Though mixed strategy NE exists in any game with finite players and actions, computing NE in two- or multi-player general-sum games is PPAD-Complete. Various alternative solutions, e.g., Correlated Equilibrium (CE), and learning methods, e.g., fictitious play (FP), are proposed to approximate NE. For convenience, we call these methods as ``inexact solvers'', or ``solvers'' for short. However, the alternative solutions differ from NE and the learning methods generally fail to converge to NE. Therefore, in this work, we propose REinforcement Nash Equilibrium Solver (RENES), which trains a single policy to modify the games with different sizes and applies the solvers on the modified games where the obtained solution is evaluated on the original games. Specifically, our contributions are threefold. i) We represent the games as alpha-rank response graphs and leverage graph neural network (GNN) to handle the games with different sizes as inputs; ii) We use tensor decomposition, e.g., canonical polyadic (CP), to make the dimension of modifying actions fixed for games with different sizes; iii) We train the modifying strategy for games with the widely-used proximal policy optimization (PPO) and apply the solvers to solve the modified games, where the obtained solution is evaluated on original games. Extensive experiments on large-scale normal-form games show that our method can further improve the approximation of NE of different solvers, i.e., alpha-rank, CE, FP and PRD, and can be generalized to unseen games.
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Newell, T., V. Kovanis, A. Gavrielides, D. Sukow, and T. Emeux. "Dynamics of a fiber laser with two tone modulation." In Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1996.nme.3.
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In addition to their connection with communication networks, fiber lasers provide a rich system for the study of nonlinear dynamics. These lasers are slow in the sense that their relaxation oscillations range in the tens of kilohertz. As a result, we can study in the time domain fluctuations in the output intensity as changes occur in the pump laser. Under the influence of an oscillating pump beam, a neodymium fiber laser shows period doubling bifurcations, quasiperiodicity, chaos, coexisting attractors, and hysteresis [1-3].
Reports on the topic "Nye tensor"
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Chovanculiak, Róbert. Tajomstvo úspechu a tragédie Židov: Veľa sa uč, zodpovedne obchoduj a presťahuj sa do mesta. INESS, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70016/agqi2804.
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Od staroveku až po novovek sa väčšinové obyvateľstvo pozeralo na Židov s podozrením. Boli často predmetom rôznych konšpirácií a vymyslených sprisahaní, ktoré v prípade zhoršenia ekonomickej a sociálnej situácie vyústili do obviňovania, prenasledovania, vyháňania a až do pogromov alebo holokaustu. Môžu za to predovšetkým dve skutočnosti. Židia skoro dve milénia nemali svoju domovskú krajinu a žili v diaspóre roztrúsení po svete, pričom všade tvorili len „cudziu menšinu“. A zároveň sa tejto menšine nadproporčne ekonomicky a spoločensky darilo. Dosahovala a dosahuje vyššie vzdelanie, príjem aj majetok a pracuje v ziskových odvetviach a vysokokvalifikovaných povolaniach. V tomto texte ukazujem, že tento úspech sa dá vysvetliť štandardnými ekonomickými faktormi: Po prvé, židovská kultúra prikladá vysokú dôležitosť vzdelaniu a investíciám do ľudského kapitálu. Židovský boh vyžaduje od rodičov, aby posielali svoje deti do škôl a Židia boli prvým spoločenstvom, ktoré už pred viac ako 1500 rokmi dosiahlo všeobecnú školskú dochádzku. Židovská menšina tak tvorila ostrovy gramotnosti v negramotnom svete. Po druhé, židovské náboženské inštitúcie umožňujú kooperáciu a obchod, a to aj bez podpory verejných inštitúcií. Vďaka rozsiahlej talmudskej literatúre, rabínskym súdnym dvorom a rôznym náboženským komunitám si dokázali židovskí obchodníci zabezpečiť poskytovanie služieb „práva a poriadku“ (governance) naprieč rôznymi krajinami. Oba tieto faktory vychádzajú z náboženských špecifík židovskej viery. Nie sú teda výsledkom „vedomej konšpirácie“ ľudí, ale skôr „nezamýšľaným následkom“ kultúrnej evolúcie. A zároveň prinášajú Židom vysokú komparatívnu výhodu na trhu – predovšetkým v mestách a pri vysokokvalifikovaných povolaniach. Židovská kultúra v širokom slova zmysle optimálne zapadla do trhovej spoločnosti založenej na kontraktuálnych vzťahoch a intenzívnej deľbe práce. To potvrdzuje výskum, ktorý ukazuje, že prítomnosť Židov v mestách zvyšovala ekonomický rast v nich. A rôzni panovníci pozývali Židov do svojich panstiev s cieľom podporiť obchod a ekonomický rozvoj. Nanešťastie, kvôli slabému chápaniu prínosov trhovej ekonomiky verejnosťou a zlej interpretácie obchodu ako hry s nulovým súčtom, bol relatívny úspech Židov na trhu zároveň aj zdrojom ich tragédie. Cieľom tohto textu je vysvetliť historický zdroj úspechu Židov, ktorým nie sú konšpiračné úskoky a podvody, ale investícia do ľudského kapitálu, rešpektovanie inštitúcií trhového hospodárstva a život v mestských oblastiach. Porozumenie základom ekonómie je preto výborný liek na antisemitizmus. V optimálnom prípade by verejnosť nemala pristupovať k židom s podozrením a zášťou, ale so zvedavosťou a zámerom inšpirovať sa. Výsledkom by bola mierumilovnejšia a bohatšia spoločnosť.
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Bárta, Matej. Dojčenská úmrtnosť v rómskych komunitách na Slovensku. INESS, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70016/mngj3667.
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Zdravie rómskej populácie na Slovensku je dlhodobo horšie v porovnaní so všeobecnou populáciou. Jedným z indikátorov, na ktorých je tento rozdiel možné pozorovať, je dojčenská úmrtnosť. Podľa dnes dostupných dát je dojčenská úmrtnosť v rómskej populácii pri 12,3 úmrtiach na 1000 živonarodených detí takmer trojnásobne vyššia, než vo väčšinovej populácii (4,2 úmrtia na 1000 živonarodených detí). V našej najnovšej publikácii sa snažíme identifikovať faktory, ktoré k rozdielom v dojčenskej úmrtnosti prispievajú. V jej prvej časti sa zameriavame na zistenia existujúcej literatúry nielen zo zahraničia, ale aj zo Slovenska. Skúmané štúdie sa venovali širokému spektru faktorov, od sociálnych a ekonomických faktorov cez faktory v životnom prostred až po behaviorálne faktory. Tieto zistenia nám poskytli cenné východiská pre ďalší výskum a pomohli špecifikovať potenciálne rizikové faktory. Následne sme vykonali vlastnú kvantitatívnu analýzu dostupných dát, prostredníctvom ktorej sme identifikovali štatisticky významné premenné. Čerpali sme pritom primárne z dát Atlasu rómskych komunít, ale aj z dát rôznych verejných inštitúcií. Výsledky našej analýzy predstavujú ďalší príspevok smerujúci k lepšiemu pochopeniu príčin nerovností v zdraví na Slovensku. Po vykonaní analýzy sme zároveň zorganizovali okrúhly stôl, pri ktorom sme s expertmi z mimovládneho aj verejného sektora diskutovali nielen o výsledkoch analýzy, ale aj o zdraví v (marginalizovaných) rómskych komunitách v širšom zmysle. Predmetom diskusie boli napríklad stratégie prístupu k výzvam v oblasti zdravia v marginalizovaných komunitách, (ne)dostupnosť dát, ale aj v súčasnosti realizované aktivity na znižovanie zdravotných nerovností.
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Ďurana, Radovan. Progresívna daň skrytá v odvodoch. INESS, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70016/nxyb1340.
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Vláda vo svojom programovom vyhlásení oznámila zámer zvyšovať progresivitu zdanenia fyzických osôb. V rozpočtovom pláne už konkrétne hovorí o zámere od roku 2025 „zaviesť 3. a 4. sadzbu dane z príjmu fyzických osôb, čo má zvýšiť verejné príjmy o 78 mil. eur. Pre ročné príjmy fyzických osôb nad 80 tisíc eur má platiť 3. sadzba vo výške 30 %. Najvyššou 4. sadzbou vo výške 35 % majú byť zdaňované ročné príjmy nad 100 tisíc eur. Svoj zámer nezdôvodnila, ani nevysvetlila, prečo je súčasná miera progresivity zdanenia nedostatočná. O progresivite zaťaženia príjmov Slovákov a jeho dôsledkoch sa na Slovensku nevedie odborná debata. INESS, Inštitút ekonomických a spoločenských analýz sa preto rozhodol toto daňové prázdno vyplniť. Vydali sme publikáciu s názvom Progresívna daň skrytá v odvodoch. Čo je Progresívna daň skrytá v odvodoch? Mária má za sebou 20 rokov úspešnej kariéry, kedy sa vypracovala z juniorskej pozície až na riaditeľku veľkého podniku. Vďaka tomu jej plat stúpol 5-násobne a dnes zarába 7 500 eur mesačne. Aj odvody na sociálne poistenie jej za ten čas stúpli 5-násobne. Znamená to, že aj nárok na budúci dôchodok jej stúpol 5-násobne? Nie, ani zďaleka. Veľkú časť dodatočných odvodov, ktoré postupne zaplatila zo svojej rastúcej mzdy, sa nepremení na jej dôchodok, ani na materskú, ani na inú dávku, ale je solidárne rozpustená v sociálnom systéme. Tento fenomén sme nazvali Progresívna odvodová daň. - Progresívna odvodová daň predstavuje zaplatené sociálne odvody, z ktorých daňovníkovi nevzniká nárok na dávku zo sociálneho poistenia - Progresívnu odvodovú daň platí zhruba 500 000 zamestnancov s mesačným hrubým príjmom nad 1788 eur - Štát na Progresívnej odvodovej dani z odvodov vyberie aktuálne 0,9 miliardy eur ročne. Prečo je daň skrytá v odvodoch progresívna? - Zamestnanec so mzdou 3 000 eur platí Progresívnu odvodovú daň vo výške 130 eur mesačne. - Pri 2,5-krát vyššej mzde 7 500 eur zaplatí mesačne daňovník na Progresívnej odvodovej dani 10-krát viac - 1 397 eur, rovnako veľa ako na dani z príjmov. - Zamestnanec so mzdou 9 000 eur zaplatí Progresívnu odvodovú daň vo výške 1 904 eur mesačne, viac ako zaplatí na dani z príjmov. Až 63 % ním zaplatených sociálnych odvodov sú čistou daňou. Uvedené čísla poukazujú na dve skutočnosti: - Odvodový systém skryto a významne zdaňuje pracujúcich s nadštandardnými príjmami - Progresivita v zdanení je už dnes vysoká, aj bez zavádzania nových sadzieb daní z príjmov.Vysokopríjmoví zamestnanci zaplatia na Progresívnej dani a dani z príjmov fyzických osôb 30 % z ceny ich práce. Vysoké zdanenie prostredníctvom odvodového systému je spôsobené vysokým stropom na platenie sociálnych odvodov. Ten dosahuje 7-násobok priemernej mzdy. V Českej republike je tento strop nastavený na 4-násobok priemernej mzdy. Skrytá progresívna odvodová daň znižuje čistý príjem zamestnancov. Slovenský trh práce je tak tým znevýhodnený pre zamestnávanie špecialistov, lekárov či vysokopostavených manažérov. S rovnakou hrubou mzdou zarobí kvalifikovaný pracovník v ČR o 352 eur mesačne viac, pričom je pre zamestnávateľa o 295 eur lacnejší. Akékoľvek zavádzanie nových sadzieb dane z príjmov fyzických osôb ešte viac zvýši znevýhodnenie slovenského trhu práce a posilní motiváciu talentovaných a kvalifikovaných pracovníkov odísť za prácou do zahraničia. To v konečnom dôsledku znižuje rastový potenciál slovenskej ekonomiky. Slovenská vláda by preto mala, naopak, uvažovať o znižovaní týchto sadzieb, resp. o znížení Progresívnej odvodovej dane. Postup výpočtu progresívnej odvodovej dane aj s detailnými prepočtami je uvedený v publikácii. Aj táto publikácia je ďalšou zo série správ INESS upozorňujúcich na neodôvodnené zvyšovanie daňového zaťaženia. #ZdaneNIE
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Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.
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Introduction u cours des deux derniers millénaires, il y a eu plusieurs façons de conserver, transmettre et même créer la connaissance ; la tradition orale, l’écrit manuscrit, l’écrit imprimé et l’écrit numérisé. La tradition orale et le manuscrit ont dominé pendant plus de 1400 ans, et ce, jusqu’à l’apparition du livre imprimé en 1451, résultant de l’invention mécanique de Gutenberg. Il faudra attendre un peu plus de 550 ans, avant que l’invention du support électronique déloge à son tour le livre imprimé, prenant une ampleur sans précédent grâce à la révolution numérique contemporaine, résultat du maillage des technologies de l’informatique, de la robotique et de la science des données. Les premières universités qui sont nées en Occident, au Moyen Âge, ont développé cette tradition orale de la connaissance tout en multipliant l’usage du manuscrit créant ainsi de véritables communautés de maîtres et d’étudiants ; la venue de l’imprimerie permettra la multiplication des universités où l’oral et l’écrit continueront de jouer un rôle déterminant dans la création et la transmission des connaissances même si le « support » a évolué du manuscrit à l’imprimé puis vers le numérique. Au cours de toutes ces années, le modèle de l’université s’est raffiné et perfectionné sur une trajectoire somme toute assez linéaire en élargissant son rôle dans l’éducation à celui-ci de la recherche et de l’innovation, en multipliant les disciplines offertes et les clientèles desservies. L’université de chaque ville universitaire est devenue une institution florissante et indispensable à son rayonnement international, à un point tel que l’on mesure souvent sa contribution par la taille de sa clientèle étudiante, l’empreinte de ses campus, la grandeur de ses bibliothèques spécialisées ; c’est toutefois la renommée de ses chercheurs qui consacre la réputation de chaque université au cours de cette longue trajectoire pendant laquelle a pu s’établir la liberté universitaire. « Les libertés universitaires empruntèrent beaucoup aux libertés ecclésiastiques » : Étudiants et maîtres, qu'ils furent, ou non, hommes d'Église, furent assimilés à des clercs relevant de la seule justice ecclésiastique, réputée plus équitable. Mais ils échappèrent aussi largement à la justice ecclésiastique locale, n'étant justiciables que devant leur propre institution les professeurs et le recteur, chef élu de l’université - ou devant le pape ou ses délégués. Les libertés académiques marquèrent donc l’émergence d'un droit propre, qui ménageait aux maîtres et aux étudiants une place à part dans la société. Ce droit était le même, à travers l'Occident, pour tous ceux qui appartenaient à ces institutions supranationales que furent, par essence, les premières universités. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'affirmation des États nationaux obligea les libertés académiques à s'inscrire dans ce nouveau cadre politique, comme de simples pratiques dérogatoires au droit commun et toujours sujettes à révision. Vestige vénérable de l’antique indépendance et privilège octroyé par le prince, elles eurent donc désormais un statut ambigu » . La révolution numérique viendra fragiliser ce statut. En effet, la révolution numérique vient bouleverser cette longue trajectoire linéaire de l’université en lui enlevant son quasi monopole dans la conservation et le partage du savoir parce qu’elle rend plus facile et somme toute, moins coûteux l’accès à l’information, au savoir et aux données. Le numérique est révolutionnaire comme l’était l’imprimé et son influence sur l’université, sera tout aussi considérable, car cette révolution impacte radicalement tous les secteurs de l’économie en accélérant la robotisation et la numérisation des processus de création, de fabrication et de distribution des biens et des services. Ces innovations utilisent la radio-identification (RFID) qui permet de mémoriser et de récupérer à distance des données sur les objets et l’Internet des objets qui permet aux objets d’être reliés automatiquement à des réseaux de communications .Ces innovations s’entrecroisent aux technologies de la réalité virtuelle, à celles des algorithmiques intelligentes et de l’intelligence artificielle et viennent littéralement inonder de données les institutions et les organisations qui doivent alors les analyser, les gérer et les protéger. Le monde numérique est né et avec lui, a surgi toute une série de compétences radicalement nouvelles que les étudiants, les enseignants et les chercheurs de nos universités doivent rapidement maîtriser pour évoluer dans ce Nouveau Monde, y travailler et contribuer à la rendre plus humain et plus équitable. En effet, tous les secteurs de l’activité commerciale, économique, culturelle ou sociale exigent déjà clairement des connaissances et des compétences numériques et technologiques de tous les participants au marché du travail. Dans cette nouvelle logique industrielle du monde numérique, les gagnants sont déjà bien identifiés. Ce sont les fameux GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft) suivis de près par les NATU (Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla et Uber) et par les géants chinois du numérique, les BATX (Baidu, Alibaba, Tenant et Xiaomi). Ces géants sont alimentés par les recherches, les innovations et les applications mobiles (APPs) créées par les partenaires de leurs écosystèmes regroupant, sur différents campus d’entreprises, plusieurs des cerveaux qui sont au cœur de cette révolution numérique. L’université voit donc remise en question sa capacité traditionnelle d’attirer, de retenir et de promouvoir les artisans du monde de demain. Son aptitude à former des esprits critiques et à contribuer à la transmission des valeurs universelles est également ébranlée par ce tsunami de changements. Il faut cependant reconnaître que les facultés de médecine, d’ingénierie et de sciences naturelles aux États-Unis qui ont développé des contacts étroits, abondants et suivis avec les hôpitaux, les grandes entreprises et l’administration publique et cela dès la fin du 19e siècle ont été plus en mesure que bien d’autres, de recruter et retenir les gens de talent. Elle ont énormément contribué à faire avancer les connaissances scientifiques et la scolarisation en sciences appliquées ..La concentration inouïe des Prix Nobel scientifiques aux États-Unis est à cet égard très convaincante . La révolution numérique contemporaine survient également au moment même où de grands bouleversements frappent la planète : l’urgence climatique, le vieillissement des populations, la « déglobalisation », les déplacements des populations, les guerres, les pandémies, la crise des inégalités, de l’éthique et des démocraties. Ces bouleversements interpellent les universitaires et c’est pourquoi leur communauté doit adopter une raison d’être et ainsi renouveler leur mission afin des mieux répondre à ces enjeux de la civilisation. Cette communauté doit non seulement se doter d’une vision et des modes de fonctionnement adaptés aux nouvelles réalités liées aux technologies numériques, mais elle doit aussi tenir compte de ces grands bouleversements. Tout ceci l’oblige à s’intégrer à des écosystèmes où les connaissances sont partagées et où de nouvelles compétences doivent être rapidement acquises. Le but de ce texte est de mieux cerner l’ampleur du défi que pose le monde numérique au milieu universitaire et de proposer quelques idées pouvant alimenter la réflexion des universitaires dans cette démarche d’adaptation au monde numérique. Or, ma conviction la plus profonde c’est que la révolution numérique aura des impacts sur nos sociétés et notre civilisation aussi grands que ceux provoqués par la découverte de l’imprimerie et son industrialisation au 15e siècle. C’est pourquoi la première section de ce document est consacrée à un rappel historique de la révolution de l’imprimerie par Gutenberg alors que la deuxième section illustrera comment les caractéristiques de la révolution numérique viennent soutenir cette conviction si profonde. Une troisième section fournira plus de détails sur le défi d’adaptation que le monde numérique pose aux universités alors que la quatrième section évoquera les contours du changement de paradigme que cette adaptation va imposer. La cinquième section servira à illustrer un scénario de rêves qui permettra de mieux illustrer l’ampleur de la gestion du changement qui guette les universitaires. La conclusion permettra de revenir sur quelques concepts et principes clefs pour guider la démarche vers l’action. L’université ne peut plus « être en haut et seule », elle doit être « au centre et avec » des écosystèmes de partenariats multiples, dans un modèle hybride physique/virtuel. C’est ainsi qu’elle pourra conserver son leadership historique de vigie du savoir et des connaissances d’un monde complexe, continuer d’établir l’authenticité des faits et imposer la nécessaire rigueur de la science et de l’objectivité.