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Journal articles on the topic 'NW Barents Sea'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

ROBERTS, R. J., T. H. TORSVIK, T. B. ANDERSEN, and E. F. REHNSTRÖM. "The Early Carboniferous Magerøy dykes, northern Norway: palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography." Geological Magazine 140, no. 4 (July 2003): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008082.

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Palaeomagnetic data from the 337 Ma Magerøy dykes (northern Norway) are of exceptionally high quality, and a positive contact test along with an existing regional result from the Silurian Honningsvåg Igneous Suite attests to a primary Early Carboniferous magnetic signature. The palaeomagnetic pole (S14.8°, E320.1°, dp/dm=4.4/8.6°) is the first Early Carboniferous pole from Baltica, and implies that northernmost Norway–Greenland, the Barents Sea and Svalbard were located at tropical to low northerly latitudes at this time. Northward drift during Carboniferous times (5–6 cm/yr) as demonstrated from palaeomagnetic data is also reflected in the sedimentary facies in the Barents Sea realm, that is, a change from tropical (Early Carboniferous) to subtropical (20–30° N) carbonates and evaporites in the Late Carboniferous. The Magerøy dykes are continental tholeiites which intruded into a set of NW–SE-trending normal faults parallel to the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone and the Magerøysundet Fault immediately to the north and south of Magerøya, respectively. These, and many other NW–SE-trending faults (onshore and offshore), were active during Late Palaeozoic extension, and the dykes were probably contemporaneous with the earliest syn-rift sedimentation in the Barents Sea (for example, the Nordkapp Basin).

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2

Klitzke, P., J. I. Faleide, M. Scheck-Wenderoth, and J. Sippel. "A lithosphere-scale structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 1579–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-1579-2014.

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Abstract. The Barents Sea and Kara Sea region as part of the European Arctic shelf, is geologically situated between the Proterozoic East-European Craton in the south and early Cenozoic passive margins in the north and the west. Proven and inferred hydrocarbon resources encouraged numerous industrial and academic studies in the last decades which brought along a wide spectrum of geological and geophysical data. By evaluating all available interpreted seismic refraction and reflection data, geological maps and previously published 3-D-models, we were able to develop a new lithosphere-scale 3-D-structural model for the greater Barents Sea and Kara Sea region. The sedimentary part of the model resolves four major megasequence boundaries (earliest Eocene, mid-Cretaceous, mid-Jurassic and mid-Permian). Downwards, the 3-D-structural model is complemented by the top crystalline crust, the Moho and a newly calculated lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The thickness distribution of the main megasequences delineates five major subdomains differentiating the region (the northern Kara Sea, the southern Kara Sea, the eastern Barents Sea, the western Barents Sea and the oceanic domain comprising the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Eurasia Basin). The vertical resolution of five sedimentary megasequences allows comparing for the first time the subsidence history of these domains directly. Relating the sedimentary structures with the deeper crustal/lithospheric configuration sheds some light on possible causative basin forming mechanisms that we discuss. The newly calculated LAB deepens from the typically shallow oceanic domain in three major steps beneath the Barents and Kara shelves towards the West-Siberian Basin in the east. Thereby, we relate the shallow continental LAB and slow/hot mantle beneath the southwestern Barents Sea with the formation of deep Paleozoic/Mesozoic rift basins. Thinnest continental lithosphere is observed beneath Svalbard and the NW Barents Sea where no Mesozoic/early Cenozoic rifting has occurred but strongest Cenozoic uplift and volcanism since Miocene times. The East Barents Sea Basin is underlain by a LAB at moderate depths and a high-density anomaly in the lithospheric mantle which follows the basin geometry and a domain where the least amount of late Cenozoic uplift/erosion is observed. Strikingly, this high-density anomaly is not present beneath the adjacent southern Kara Sea. Both basins share a strong Mesozoic subsidence phase whereby the main subsidence phase is younger in the South Kara Sea Basin.

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3

Zecchin, Massimo, Michele Rebesco, Renata G. Lucchi, Mauro Caffau, Hendrik Lantzsch, and Till J. J. Hanebuth. "Buried iceberg-keel scouring on the southern Spitsbergenbanken, NW Barents Sea." Marine Geology 382 (December 2016): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.005.

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4

Midtkandal, Ivar, Jan Inge Faleide, Thea Sveva Faleide, Christopher Sæbø Serck, Sverre Planke, Romain Corseri, Myrsini Dimitriou, and Johan Petter Nystuen. "Lower Cretaceous Barents Sea strata: epicontinental basin configuration, timing, correlation and depositional dynamics." Geological Magazine 157, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000918.

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AbstractA comprehensive dataset is collated in a study on sediment transport, timing and basin physiography during the Early Cretaceous Period in the Boreal Basin (Barents Sea), one of the world’s largest and longest active epicontinental basins. Long-wavelength tectonic tilt related to the Early Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) set up a fluvial system that developed from a sediment source area in the NW, which flowed SE across the Svalbard archipelago, terminating in a low-accommodation shallow sea within the Bjarmeland Platform area of the present-day Barents Sea. The basin deepened to the SE with a ramp-like basin floor with gentle dip. Seismic data show sedimentary lobes with internal clinoform geometry that advanced from the NW. These lobes interfingered with, and were overlain by, another younger depositional system with similar lobes sourced from the NE. The integrated data allow mapping of architectural patterns that provide information on basin physiography and control factors on source-to-sink transport and depositional patterns within the giant epicontinental basin. The results highlight how low-gradient, low-accommodation sediment transport and deposition has taken place along proximal to distal profiles for several hundred kilometres, in response to subtle changes in base level and by intra-basinal highs and troughs. Long-distance correlation along depositional dip is therefore possible, but should be treated with caution to avoid misidentification of timelines for diachronous surfaces.

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5

Jankowski, A. W. "Transfer of Platycola circularis Dons, 1941, symbiont of wood-boring isopod Limnoria, to Lagenophrys (Ciliophora, Peritrichia)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 319, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.1.23.

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Dons described several new ciliates on the gribble Limnoria lignorum in Norway, including Platycola circularis Dons, 1941. My samples of wood borers on Murmansk coast of Barents sea, in White and Black seas and in NW Pacific from Vladivostok to Bering island had only Lagenophrys on pleopods. L. circularis (Dons, 1941) comb. nov. is redescribed using samples made on Murmansk coast not far from its type locality (Trondheimsfjord). Previous descriptions of this species under 3 different names are analysed.

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6

Caridi, F., A. Sabbatini, M. Bensi, V. Kovačević, R. G. Lucchi, C. Morigi, P. Povea, and A. Negri. "Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and environmental drivers along the Kveithola Trough (NW Barents Sea)." Journal of Marine Systems 224 (December 2021): 103616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103616.

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7

Jørgensen, Lis Lindal, Pavel Ljubin, Hein Rune Skjoldal, Randi B. Ingvaldsen, Natalia Anisimova, and Igor Manushin. "Distribution of benthic megafauna in the Barents Sea: baseline for an ecosystem approach to management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (July 2, 2014): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu106.

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Abstract Benthos plays a significant role as substrate, refuge from predation and food for a wide variety of fish and invertebrates of all life stages and should therefore be considered in the ecosystem approach (EA) to management. Epibenthos from trawl catches, used in annual assessments of commercial fish stocks, was identified and measured on-board. The 2011 dataset present the baseline mapping for monitoring and included 354 taxa (218 to species level) analysed with multivariate statistical methods. This revealed four main megafaunal regions: southwestern (SW), banks/slopes in southeast and west (SEW), northwestern (NW), and northeastern (NE) which were significantly related to depth, temperature, salinity, and number of ice-days. The SW region was dominated by filter-feeders (sponges) in the inflow area of warm Atlantic water while the deeper trenches had a detritivorous fauna (echinoderms). In the SEW region, predators (sea stars, anemones and snow crabs) prevailed together with filtrating species (sea cucumber and bivalves) within a mosaic of banks and slopes. Plankton-feeding brittlestars were common in the NW and NE region, but with increasing snow crab population in NE. Climate change, potentially expanding trawling activity, and increasing snow and king crab populations might all have impacts on the benthos. Benthos should therefore be a part of an integrated assessment of a changing sea, and national agencies might consider adding benthic taxonomic expertise on-board scientific research vessels to identify the invertebrate “by-catch” as part of routine trawl surveys.

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8

Murdmaa, Ivar, Leonid Polyak, Elena Ivanova, and Natalia Khromova. "Paleoenvironments in Russkaya Gavan' Fjord (NW Novaya Zemlya, Barents Sea) during the last millennium." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 209, no. 1-4 (July 2004): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.020.

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9

Zecchin, Massimo, and Michele Rebesco. "Glacigenic and glacimarine sedimentation from shelf to trough settings in the NW Barents Sea." Marine Geology 402 (August 2018): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.02.014.

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10

Sagnotti, Leonardo, Patrizia Macrì, and Renata G. Lucchi. "Geomagnetic palaeosecular variation around 15 ka ago from NW Barents Sea cores (south of Svalbard)." Geophysical Journal International 204, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv485.

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11

Jensen, Maria A., and Eiliv Larsen. "Shoreline trajectories on a glacially influenced stable margin - insight from the Barents Sea Shelf, NW Russia." Basin Research 21, no. 5 (October 2009): 759–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00418.x.

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12

Madrussani, Gianni, Giuliana Rossi, Michele Rebesco, Stefano Picotti, Roger Urgeles, and Jaume Llopart. "Sediment properties in submarine mass-transport deposits using seismic and rock-physics off NW Barents Sea." Marine Geology 402 (August 2018): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.013.

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13

Butt, F. A., A. Elverhøi, B. O. Hjelstuen, P. Dimakis, and A. Solheim. "Modelling late Cenozoic isostatic elevation changes in Storfjorden, NW Barents Sea: an indication of varying erosional regimes." Sedimentary Geology 143, no. 1-2 (August 2001): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00107-5.

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14

Rui, L., M. Rebesco, J. L. Casamor, J. S. Laberg, T. A. Rydningen, A. Caburlotto, M. Forwick, et al. "Geomorphology and development of a high-latitude channel system: the INBIS channel case (NW Barents Sea, Arctic)." arktos 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41063-019-00065-9.

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15

Caridi, Francesca, Anna Sabbatini, Caterina Morigi, Antonio Dell'Anno, Alessandra Negri, and Renata Giulia Lucchi. "Patterns and environmental drivers of diversity and community composition of macrofauna in the Kveithola Trough (NW Barents Sea)." Journal of Sea Research 153 (November 2019): 101780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2019.101780.

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16

Koehl, Jean-Baptiste P., Steffen G. Bergh, Tormod Henningsen, and Jan Inge Faleide. "Middle to Late Devonian–Carboniferous collapse basins on the Finnmark Platform and in the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin, SW Barents Sea." Solid Earth 9, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-341-2018.

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Abstract. The SW Barents Sea margin experienced a pulse of extensional deformation in the Middle–Late Devonian through the Carboniferous, after the Caledonian Orogeny terminated. These events marked the initial stages of formation of major offshore basins such as the Hammerfest and Nordkapp basins. We mapped and analyzed three major fault complexes, (i) the Måsøy Fault Complex, (ii) the Rolvsøya fault, and (iii) the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex. We discuss the formation of the Måsøy Fault Complex as a possible extensional splay of an overall NE–SW-trending, NW-dipping, basement-seated Caledonian shear zone, the Sørøya–Ingøya shear zone, which was partly inverted during the collapse of the Caledonides and accommodated top–NW normal displacement in Middle to Late Devonian–Carboniferous times. The Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex displays a zigzag-shaped pattern of NNE–SSW- and ENE–WSW-trending extensional faults before it terminates to the north as a WNW–ESE-trending, NE-dipping normal fault that separates the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin in the northeast from the western Finnmark Platform and the Gjesvær Low in the southwest. The WNW–ESE-trending, margin-oblique segment of the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex is considered to represent the offshore prolongation of a major Neoproterozoic fault complex, the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone, which is made of WNW–ESE-trending, subvertical faults that crop out on the island of Magerøya in NW Finnmark. Our results suggest that the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone dies out to the northwest before reaching the western Finnmark Platform. We propose an alternative model for the origin of the WNW–ESE-trending segment of the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex as a possible hard-linked, accommodation cross fault that developed along the Sørøy–Ingøya shear zone. This brittle fault decoupled the western Finnmark Platform from the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin and merged with the Måsøy Fault Complex in Carboniferous times. Seismic data over the Gjesvær Low and southwesternmost Nordkapp basin show that the low-gravity anomaly observed in these areas may result from the presence of Middle to Upper Devonian sedimentary units resembling those in Middle Devonian, spoon-shaped, late- to post-orogenic collapse basins in western and mid-Norway. We propose a model for the formation of the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin and its counterpart Devonian basin in the Gjesvær Low by exhumation of narrow, ENE–WSW- to NE–SW-trending basement ridges along a bowed portion of the Sørøya-Ingøya shear zone in the Middle to Late Devonian–early Carboniferous. Exhumation may have involved part of a large-scale metamorphic core complex that potentially included the Lofoten Ridge, the West Troms Basement Complex and the Norsel High. Finally, we argue that the Sørøya–Ingøya shear zone truncated and decapitated the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone during the Caledonian Orogeny and that the western continuation of the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone was mostly eroded and potentially partly preserved in basement highs in the SW Barents Sea.

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17

Sabbatini, Anna, Matteo Bazzaro, Francesca Caridi, Cinzia De De Vittor, Valentina Esposito, Renata Giulia Lucchi, Alessandra Negri, and Caterina Morigi. "Benthic Foraminifera and Productivity Regimes in the Kveithola Trough (Barents Sea)—Ecological Implications in a Changing Arctic and Actuopaleontological Meaning." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020237.

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The rapid response of benthic foraminifera to organic carbon flux to the seafloor makes them promising bioindicators for evaluating the organic carbon stored in marine sediments. Fjords have been described as hotspots for carbon burial, potentially playing a key role within the carbon cycle as climate regulators over multiple timescales. Nevertheless, little is known about organic carbon-rich sediments in Arctic open shelves and their role in global carbon sequestration. To this aim, four sites have been sampled along a W-E transect across the Kveithola Trough located in the NW Barents Sea. Living (stained) benthic foraminiferal density, biodiversity and vertical distribution in the sediment were analysed together with the biogeochemical and sedimentological data. We identified two main depositional environments based on the relationship between benthic foraminiferal assemblages and carbon content in the sediments: (1) an oligotrophic land-derived organic matter region located in the outer part of the trough influenced by the warm and saline Atlantic Water; and (2) a stressed eutrophic environment, with high-content of metabolizable organic matter in the inner part of the trough, which comprises the main drift and the Northern flank of the trough. The freshness and good nutritional quality of the organic matter detected in the inner region could be the result of the better preservation of the organic matter itself, basically driven by the rapid burial of fine-grained organic-rich sediments enhanced by the cold and less saline Arctic Water coming from the Barents Sea. We conclude that foraminifera provide a tool to describe the Kveithola depositional environment as a carbon burial hotspot in a changing Arctic area subjected to a pulse of fresh food intended as biopolymeric carbon.

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18

Cunningham, Jennifer Elizabeth, Wiktor Waldemar Weibull, Nestor Cardozo, and David Iacopini. "Investigating the PS seismic imaging of faults using seismic modelling and data from the Snøhvit field, Barents Sea." Petroleum Geoscience 28, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): petgeo2020–044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-044.

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PS seismic data from the Snøhvit field are compared with seismic modelling to understand the effect of azimuthal separation and incidence angle on the imaging of faults and associated horizon discontinuities. In addition, the frequency content of seismic waves backscattered from faults is analysed. The study area consists of a horst structure delimited by a northern fault dipping NW and oblique to the east–west survey orientation, and a southern fault dipping SSW and subparallel to the survey. Due to the raypath asymmetry of PS reflections, the northern fault is imaged better by azimuthally partitioned W data that include receivers downdip of the fault, relative to the sources, than by E data where the receivers are updip from the sources. Partial stack data show a systematic increase in the PS fault-reflected amplitude and therefore quality of fault imaging with increasing incidence angle. Fault images are dominated by internal low-medium frequency shadows surrounded by medium-high frequencies haloes. Synthetic experiments suggest that this is due to the interaction of specular waves and diffractions, and the spectral contribution from the fault signal, which increases with fault zone complexity. These results highlight the impact of survey geometry and processing workflows on fault imaging.Supplementary material: model description, processed sections and videos are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5727552

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19

Fawad, Manzar, Nazmul Haque Mondol, Irfan Baig, and Jens Jahren. "Diagenetic related flat spots within the Paleogene Sotbakken Group in the vicinity of the Senja Ridge, Barents Sea." Petroleum Geoscience 26, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2018-122.

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Rock physics analyses of data from a wildcat well 7117/9-1 drilled in the Senja Ridge area, located in the Norwegian Barents Sea, reveal changes in stiffness within the fine-grained Paleogene Sotbakken Group sediments, caused by the transformation of opal-A to opal-CT, and opal-CT to quartz. These changes manifest as flat spots on 2D seismic profiles. These flat spots were mistaken as hydrocarbon–water contacts, which led to the drilling of well 7117/9-1. Rock physics analyses on this well combined with a second well (7117/9-2) drilled further NW and updip on the Senja Ridge indicate overpressure within the opal-CT-rich zones overlying the opal-CT to quartz transformation zones in the two wells. The absence of opal-A–opal-CT and opal-CT–quartz flat spots on seismic in the second well is attributed to differences in the temperature and timing of uplift. Amplitude v. angle (AVA) modelling indicates both the opal-A–opal-CT and opal-CT–quartz interface points plot on the wet trend, whereas modelled gas–brine, oil–brine and gas–oil contacts fall within quadrant-I. These findings will be useful in understanding the nature of compaction of biogenic silica-rich sediments where flat spots could be misinterpreted as hydrocarbon-related contacts in oil and gas exploration.

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20

Rebesco, Michele, Asli Özmaral, Roger Urgeles, Daniela Accettella, Renata G. Lucchi, Denise Rüther, Monica Winsborrow, et al. "Evolution of a high-latitude sediment drift inside a glacially-carved trough based on high-resolution seismic stratigraphy (Kveithola, NW Barents Sea)." Quaternary Science Reviews 147 (September 2016): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.007.

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21

Caricchi, C., L. Sagnotti, S. A. Campuzano, R. G. Lucchi, P. Macrì, M. Rebesco, and A. Camerlenghi. "A refined age calibrated paleosecular variation and relative paleointensity stack for the NW Barents Sea: Implication for geomagnetic field behavior during the Holocene." Quaternary Science Reviews 229 (February 2020): 106133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106133.

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22

Bazzaro, M., N. Ogrinc, F. Relitti, R. G. Lucchi, M. Giani, G. Adami, E. Pavoni, and C. De Vittor. "Geochemical signatures of intense episodic anaerobic oxidation of methane in near-surface sediments of a recently discovered cold seep (Kveithola trough, NW Barents Sea)." Marine Geology 425 (July 2020): 106189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106189.

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23

Gruzdev, D. A. "Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous isolated carbonate platforms of the North of the Urals and Pay-Khoy." Vestnik of Geosciences 10 (2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2021.10.1.

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The article considers isolated carbonate platforms known in the Sub-Polar Urals (basin of the Bolshaya Nadota River; boreholes of the Yunyakha and Levaya Grubeyu areas) and the NW Pay-Khoy (basin of the Lymbad’yakha River and coast of the Barents Sea). The three stages of formation of the platforms (Frasnian, Famennian-Tournaisian, and Visean-Serpukhovian) are distinguished, and the sedimentological models of these platforms are developed. Subsidence curves based on the back-striping demonstrate some differences in the evolution of the studied isolated carbonate platforms. Similarities and differences in the history and structure of the platforms are observed. Formation of the intra-shelf depressions (the Kozhim Depression in the Sub-Polar Urals, and the Korotaikha Depression in the Pay-Khoy) in the Frasnian — Early Famennian caused appearance of isolated carbonate platforms. The depressions probably were formed by the regional tectonics. The following development of the carbonate platforms was controlled by eustatic fluctuations. The isolated platforms differ by stratigraphic spans (Late Frasnian — Serpukhovian for the Polar Urals Platform and Famennian-Tournaisian for the Pay-Khoy Platform), relief, facies, and size. The isolated depressions differ in size as well: the Kozhim Depression is larger than the Korotaikha Depression. Additionally, it is supposed that the Polar Urals platform was of warm-water type, but the Pay-Khoy platfrom was of cool-water type.

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24

Krajewski, Krzysztof P. "Organic matter–apatite–pyrite relationships in the Botneheia Formation (Middle Triassic) of eastern Svalbard: Relevance to the formation of petroleum source rocks in the NW Barents Sea shelf." Marine and Petroleum Geology 45 (August 2013): 69–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.04.016.

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25

Caricchi, C., R. G. Lucchi, L. Sagnotti, P. Macrì, C. Morigi, R. Melis, M. Caffau, M. Rebesco, and T. J. J. Hanebuth. "Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism from sediments along a continental shelf-to-slope transect in the NW Barents Sea: Implications for geomagnetic and depositional changes during the past 15 thousand years." Global and Planetary Change 160 (January 2018): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.007.

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26

Zhang, Y., H. Renssen, and H. Seppä. "Effects of melting ice sheets and orbital forcing on the early Holocene warming in extratropical Northern Hemisphere." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 6 (November 12, 2015): 5345–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-5345-2015.

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Abstract. The early Holocene is a critical period for climate change, as it marked the final transition from the last deglaciation to the relatively warm and stable Holocene. It is characterized by a warming trend that has been registered in numerous proxy records. This climatic warming was accompanied by major adjustments in different climate components, including the decaying of ice sheets in cryosphere, the perturbation of circulation in the ocean, the expansion of vegetation (over the high latitude) in biosphere. Previous studies have analyzed the influence of the demise of the ice sheets and other forcings on climate system. However, the climate response to the forcings together with the internal feedbacks before 9 ka remains not fully comprehended. In this study, we therefore disentangle how these forcings contributed to climate change during the earliest part of Holocene (11.5–7 ka) by employing the LOVECLIM climate model for both equilibrium and transient experiments. The results of our equilibrium experiments for 11.5 ka reveal that the annual mean temperature at the onset of the Holocene was lower than in the preindustrial era in the Northern extratropics, except in Alaska. The magnitude of this cool anomaly varies regionally as a response to varying climate forcings and diverse mechanisms. In eastern N America and NW Europe the temperatures throughout the whole year were 2–5 °C lower than in the preindustrial control, reaching the maximum cooling as here the climate was strongly influenced by the cooling effects of the ice sheets. This cooling of the ice-sheet surface was caused both by the enhanced surface albedo and by the orography of the ice sheets. For Siberia, a small deviation (−0.5–1.5 °C) in summer temperature and 0.5–1.5 °C cooler annual climate compared to the preindustrial run were caused by the counteraction of the high albedo associated with the tundra vegetation which was more southward extended at 11.5 ka than in the preindustrial period and the orbitally induced radiation anomalies. In the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean (over Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Laptev Sea), the annual mean temperature was 0.5–2 °C lower than at 0 ka, because the cooling effect of a reduced northward heat transport induced by the weakened ocean circulation overwhelmed the orbitally induced warming. The 0.5–3 °C cooler climate over the N Labrador Sea and N Atlantic Ocean was related to the reduced northward heat transport and sea-ice feedbacks initiated by the weakened ocean circulation. In contrast, in Alaska, temperatures in all seasons were 0.5–3 °C higher than the control run primarily due to the orbitally induced positive insolation anomaly and also to the enhanced southerly winds which advected warm air from the South as a response to the high air pressure over the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our transient experiments indicate that the Holocene temperature evolution and the early Holocene warming also vary between different regions. In Alaska, the climate is constantly cooling over the whole Holocene, primarily following the decreasing insolation. In contrast, in N Canada, the overall warming during the early Holocene is faster than in other areas (up to 1.88 °C ka−1 in summer) as a consequence of the progressive decay of the LIS, and the warming lasted till about 7 ka when this deglaciation was completed. In NW Europe, the Arctic and Siberia, the overall warming rates are intermediate with about 0.3–0.7 °C ka−1 in most of seasons (with only exception in Arctic's winter). Overall, our results demonstrate the spatial variability of the climate during the early Holocene, both in terms of the temperature distribution and warming rates, as the response to varying dominant forcings and diverse mechanisms.

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Taylor, Paul D., and Jonathan A. Todd. "Bioimmuration: exceptional fossil preservation made routine." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008479.

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Bioimmuration, broadly defined as fossilization by virtue of organic overgrowth, allows preservation of soft-bodied organisms and soft parts of organisms with mineralized skeletons. Sessile organisms attached to hard or firm substrates are routinely overgrown by other organisms competing for living space. If the overgrowing organism has a mineralized skeleton which is likely to be fossilized, then it may carry a high fidelity (sub-micron scale) impression of the overgrown organism on its underside. This is a mould bioimmuration, the simplest mode of preservation. A diagenetic infilling of the mould, commonly by calcite, produces a cast bioimmuration. In addition, the protected microenvironment between the overgrowing organism and the substratum favours early diagenetic permineralization of the soft tissues of the bioimmured organism and the development of more complex preservational styles.In spite of its potential for soft part fossilization, very little research has been undertaken on bioimmuration, with the notable exception of the work of Ehrhard Voigt principally on Maastrichtian sea-grass communities. Research in progress is revealing a great abundance of bioimmured fossils in Mesozoic shallow marine deposits of NW Europe where oysters and serpulids overgrew a variety of other organisms.Bioimmured soft-bodied bryozoans belonging to the Order Ctenostomata are very common and display a range of preservational styles. Minute spines and pores ornamenting the cuticular zooidal walls are sometimes present, as are permineralized pore chambers. The high diversity of stoloniferan and carnosan ctenostomes encrusting hard substrates in the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian is striking and contrasts with the depauperate fauna of calcified cyclostome bryozoans.Oyster shells in the Kimmeridge Clay are often encrusted by myriads of tiny individuals of the inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca, previously known from comparatively few specimens of this age. Emerging from the fragile commissures are setae several times the length of the delicate phosphatic shells. Setae of neighbouring individuals may be aligned in parallel facing away from the direction of approach of the overgrowing organism.The hemichordate Rhabdopleura is common as a bioimmured fossil in the Oxford Clay. Overgrowth protects the periderm and the black stolons, and colonies are much more intact than previously described examples of this genus from the Jurassic.The Phylum Entoprocta had no unequivocal fossil record before the recent discovery of bioimmured entoprocts in the Kimmeridge Clay. Colonies comprise stolons linking erect zooids which have been pushed flat against the substratum during overgrowth. The existence of thickened sockets at the base of the zooids permits assignment of the fossils to the extant genus Barentsia. Permineralization of the entoproct cuticle has occurred, leaving minute pores apparently once occupied by epithelial microvilli.Pedunculate barnacles are commonly found bioimmured by oysters in the mid-Cretaceous Cambridge Greensand. Normally the cirri are retracted but in one exceptional example their outlines are clearly visible as moulds on the attachment area of an oyster.

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El bani Altuna, Naima, Tine Lander Rasmussen, Mohamed Mahmoud Ezat, Sunil Vadakkepuliyambatta, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Mervyn Greaves. "Deglacial bottom water warming intensified Arctic methane seepage in the NW Barents Sea." Communications Earth & Environment 2, no. 1 (September 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00264-x.

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AbstractChanges in the Arctic climate-ocean system can rapidly impact carbon cycling and cryosphere. Methane release from the seafloor has been widespread in the Barents Sea since the last deglaciation, being closely linked to changes in pressure and bottom water temperature. Here, we present a post-glacial bottom water temperature record (18,000–0 years before present) based on Mg/Ca in benthic foraminifera from an area where methane seepage occurs and proximal to a former Arctic ice-sheet grounding zone. Coupled ice sheet-hydrate stability modeling shows that phases of extreme bottom water temperature up to 6 °C and associated with inflow of Atlantic Water repeatedly destabilized subsurface hydrates facilitating the release of greenhouse gasses from the seabed. Furthermore, these warming events played an important role in triggering multiple collapses of the marine-based Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet. Future warming of the Atlantic Water could lead to widespread disappearance of gas hydrates and melting of the remaining marine-terminating glaciers.

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Doré, A. G., T. Dahlgren, M. J. Flowerdew, T. Forthun, J. O. Hansen, L. B. Henriksen, K. Kåsli, et al. "South-Central Barents Sea Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element." Geological Society, London, Memoirs, March 12, 2021, M57–2017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m57-2017-42.

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AbstractThe south-central Barents Sea today comprises a shallow continental shelf with water depths mainly in the 200–400 m range, straddling the Norway–Russia marine boundary. Geologically, it consists of a stable platform (the Bjarmeland Platform) dissected by rifts of probable Late Carboniferous age, with a significant and geologically persistent basement high (the Fedynsky High) in its southeastern part. The rifts are the ENE–WSW-trending Nordkapp Basin, the similarly trending but less clearly demarcated Ottar Basin and the NW–SE Tiddlybanken Basin. The varying rift trends appear to reflect the orogenic grain patchwork of the basement (Caledonide and Timanide), and these basins were infilled with a variable facies assemblage including substantial Carboniferous–Permian halites.A massive sedimentary influx of fluvio-deltaic to shallow-marine sediments took place in the Triassic, from the east and SE (Urals, Novaya Zemlya and western Siberia) and the south (Baltic Shield), resulting in doming and diapirism in the areas of thickest salt, particularly in the rifts. The succeeding Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic successions are generally thin, locally thickening in rim synclines and in the NE of the area towards the deep basins flanking Novaya Zemlya. Reactivation of the halokinetic structures took place in the early Cenozoic, probably associated with the development of the NE Atlantic–Arctic Ocean linkage.Marine source rocks of Triassic and Late Jurassic age are present in the area, along with Carboniferous and Permian source rocks of uncertain effectiveness. Petroleum has been found in Jurassic and Triassic clastic reservoirs, including recent shallow Jurassic oil and gas discoveries. Although none is currently in production, near-future oil development is likely in the Wisting discovery, on the western margin of the area. New exploration, including drilling, has taken place in the east of the area as a result of recent Norwegian and Russian licensing.

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30

Lucchi, Renata Giulia, Leonardo Sagnotti, Angelo Camerlenghi, Patrizia Macrì, Michele Rebesco, Maria Teresa Pedrosa, and Giovanna Giorgetti. "Marine sedimentary record of Meltwater Pulse 1a along the NW Barents Sea continental margin." arktos 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41063-015-0008-6.

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31

Komulaynen, Sergey. "Green algae as a structural element of phytoperiphyton communities in streams of NW Russia." Biologia 63, no. 6 (January 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0113-0.

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AbstractObservations were made on the development and distribution of phytoperiphyton communities in 66 lake-river systems in NW Russia from Lake Ladoga to the Barents Sea. In total, 130 genera and 648 species were identified from different substrates, belonging to Cyanophyta (19.1%), Bacillariophyta (59.6%), Chlorophyta (18.7%), and algae from other orders (2.6%). In all streams diatoms dominated by species richness, but they were surpassed by green algae in terms of biomass. The green algae ranged from small planktonic forms to large filamentous species and produced easily visible algal communities. Among the planktonic forms the desmids were the most diverse group. They occurred in attached communities of all rivers and, while never abundant, were widespread. The attached community’s biomass was dominated by green algae. Among these, the filamentous algae Mougeotia sp., Oedogonium sp., Zygnema sp., Spirogyra sp. and Ulothrix zonata exhibited mass development in streams. Their distribution was patchy in the basin, with a total cover varying from less than 1% to 90% of the stream bottom. In some river stretches the diversity and predominance of green algae could be due, in part, to poorly developed riparian canopies.

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32

Miraj, M. A. F. "Structural Restoration of Cretaceous Inversion Events in the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex, Western Barents Shelf." Geotectonics, October 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016852122050053.

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Abstract Inversion structures including folds, reverse faults are observed along the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex in the western Barents Sea, although the fault complex is extensional in origin and developed in mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Subsidence along the fault complex was interrupted in Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to early Barremian) because of syn-rift localized tectonic inversion, itself related to the uplift of the Loppa High. The Early Cretaceous inversion caused dextral transpression along the boundary faults adjacent to the Loppa High. The second phase of inversion is interpreted to be Late Cretaceous (mid-Cenomanian) in age, coeval to the deposition of the Kolmule Formation in the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex. The later phase of compression is of regional significance and related to NW‒SE directed far field stresses in Late Cretaceous which caused head-on inversion in the study area. The aim of present study is to identify and decipher eventual Cretaceous inversion structures in the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex by means of structural restoration. To these aims, 2D MOVETM, structural modeling and analysis software by Midland Valley Exploration Ltd (Glasgow, Scotland), is used and three key seismic lines crossing the central and northern segments of the Bjørnøyrenna Fault Complex are restored. Key profiles 1 and 2 reveal null point positions at the base of the Cretaceous (Hekkingen Formation). Null point positions show progressive compressional inversion of syn-rift Early Cretaceous deposits (Knurr Formation). Below and above null points the geometries of the restored faults show normal and reverse faulting respectively. The results of the restored key profiles 1 and 2 confirm reverse faulting at the Lower Cretaceous triggered by inversion of the study area. The restored sections also show positive inversion features associated with folding of the hanging wall of the base of the Upper Cretaceous (Kolmule Formation). The reconstruction of the amount of eroded material on the footwall block also suggests reverse faulting of the base of the Upper Cretaceous. In key profile 3 the footwall block is eroded up to the base of the Upper Cretaceous (Kolmule Formation) due to the uplift of the Loppa High. The corresponding restored section shows a compressional anticline associated with both Early and Late Cretaceous inversion events.

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33

Mienert, Jürgen, Wei-L. Hong, Per Jansson, Kate A. Waghorn, Malin Waage, Sunny Singhroha, Giacomo Osti, et al. "CAGE15-6 Cruise Report: Arctic gas hydrate studies." CAGE – Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate Report Series 3 (January 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/cage.6939.

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RV Helmer Hanssen is the only vessel operating so far north (81 N) in October. One of the research questions addressed during this cruise is: Where do gas hydrate exist in the seabed and how much methane does it actually release? The CAGE 15-6 cruise explored potential gas hydrate charged sub-seabed environments and gas release zones at Storfjordrenna, Vestnesa and Svyatogor Ridge, Yermak Plateau, Sofia Basin and west of Prins Karls Foreland. Our route was traceable by www.sailwx.com. The weather forecasts from www.windyty.comwere used to prepare and adjust our cruise activities. In these Barents Sea-Arctic areas we carried out seismic profiling (mini GI 15/45 in 3 and large GI45/105 in 3) and 6 m long gravity coring for detecting gas hydrate, acoustic profiling (18, 38 and 120 kHz) for detecting gas flares in the water column, and CTD water sampling for gas analyses. Multibeam bathymetry mapping (EM300) data was collected on route for the entire cruise. We also ran echo sounder profiles along the NW Svalbard margin, across Yermak Plateau from west to east into the Sofia Basin and upslope towards the northern Svalbard margin. We reached the upper gas hydrate stability (GHSZ) theoretical outcrop zone but no acoustic evidence for extended gas release activity was found along the GHSZ outcrop zone at Yermak Plateau. The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_6

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34

Gabrielsen, Roy H., David Roberts, Tone Gjelsvik, Trond Olav Sygnabere, Muhammad Hassaan, and Jan Inge Faleide. "Double-folding and thrust-front geometries associated with the Timanian and Caledonian orogenies in the Varanger Peninsula, Finnmark, North Norway." Journal of the Geological Society, June 13, 2022, jgs2021–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-153.

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On Varanger Peninsula, the c. NW-SE-trending Trollfjorden-Komagelva Fault Zone separates Neoproterozoic successions that accumulated in a shallow-marine platformal domain to the southwest of the fault from deep-marine basinal to deltaic sediments to the northeast. In Ediacaran time the fault scarp acted as a buttress in a period of basinal inversion during the top-SW, contractional Timanian orogeny. During the subsequent, top-SE to ESE, polyphase Caledonian orogenesis the fault acted as a dextral strike-slip megafracture and lateral ramp. In the northeastern terrane, Timanian and Caledonian fold interference has produced several examples of double-folding and intersecting cleavages. In the southwestern terrane, the Lower Allochthon Gaissa Thrust Belt overlies the Parautochthon, below which a 45 km-long deformation front has been mapped. Tectonic shortening within this frontal zone varies from top-SSE in the west to top-ESE in the east. Imbricate thrust sheets disrupt the succession in the northeastern terrane, below which a floor décollement is speculated to emerge as a frontal fault along a prominent footwall of the precursor fault acted on the seabed in outermost Varangerfjorden. By use of potential field data, the Caledonian structures on Varanger can be followed to the north into the Barents Sea where the nappe pile in the pre-Carboniferous basement reaches a thickness of several kilometres.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Fold-and-thrust belts collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/fold-and-thrust-belts

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