Academic literature on the topic 'Nutritional modes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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Korwin, Amy, and Shyoko Honiden. "Reconsidering Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Patients." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 40, no. 05 (October 2019): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697967.
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AbstractProvision of nutrition is universally considered a key element of supportive care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite this, there is a relative dearth of high-quality data, and where available, results are often conflicting. As we understand more about the process of recovery for critically ill patients, ICU nutrition might be better thought of as active therapy that can and should be tailored to the needs of patients in more dynamic ways. With the advent of the programmable feeding pump, continuous feeding modes have become the default manner in which patients are fed in many ICUs. In the modern ICU era, where the goal of critical care has shifted from mere survival to surviving and living well, non-continuous modes of feeding may have advantages related to fewer feeding interruptions, ICU mobilization, optimizing protein synthesis and autophagy, as well as restoring gastrointestinal physiology and the circadian rhythm. More research is desperately required to provide a framework in order to guide best nutrition practices for clinicians at the bedside.
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Chowdhary, Anupreet Kaur, Masatoshi Kishi, and Tatsuki Toda. "Enhanced growth of Chromochloris zofingiensis through the transition of nutritional modes." Algal Research 65 (June 2022): 102723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2022.102723.
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Ratha, Sachitra Kumar, Santosh Babu, Nirmal Renuka, Radha Prasanna, Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad, and Anil Kumar Saxena. "Exploring nutritional modes of cultivation for enhancing lipid accumulation in microalgae." Journal of Basic Microbiology 53, no. 5 (June 26, 2012): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201200001.
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Mussayeva, S. J., A. Zh Imanbayev, and Zh A. Iskakova. "Optimization of the dough preparation modes using composite flour." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2022-3-81-87.
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To determine the optimal parameters of the final product, a mathematical model of the dough preparation process using oatmeal was developed. As a criterion for optimization, we took the following indicators: organoleptic properties and nutritional value of bread. Input factors: moisture content of WT dough, NM oatmeal content, and acidity of the CT test.
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Zhang, Junming, Gen Kaneko, Jinhui Sun, Guangjun Wang, Jun Xie, Jingjing Tian, Zhifei Li, et al. "Key Factors Affecting the Flesh Flavor Quality and the Nutritional Value of Grass Carp in Four Culture Modes." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092075.
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Flavor and nutritional value are important qualities of freshwater fish products, but the key factors affecting these quality parameters remain unclear. In this study, four typical aquaculture modes, including the commercial feed treatment (control), faba bean treatment (FBT), grass powder treatment (GPT), and waving water treatment with commercial feed (WWT), were used to explore the regulatory effect of water quality and feed (eaten and uneaten) on the flesh flavor and nutrition in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater fish of the largest global production. During the culture period (90 days), water quality parameters of the four modes were measured every 15 days, and the flavor quality was evaluated by volatile flavor compounds detection and electronic nose analyzer. Flesh crude protein, crude fat, free fatty acid and free amino acid profiles were also determined. The results showed that, in the late period, the FBT mode had the poorest water quality with highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate, while the GPT mode has the best water quality among the four modes. Most flesh flavor compounds found in the flesh of the control, GPT and WWT modes were pleasant. In the FBT mode with the poorest water quality, on the other hand, we found lower flavor quality (higher contribution of fishy compounds), higher water content, and lower contents of crude protein, crude fat, free fatty acids and free amino acids, compared to the other three modes. Correlation analyses showed that nitrite and nitrate are probably key water quality factors affecting the flavor quality and nutritional values besides eaten feed and uneaten feed factors. This study can serve as an important reference for ecological regulation and feeding administration of flesh quality in freshwater aquaculture fish.
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Mohamed, Farh Ahmed Elhassan, Ihab Babiker Abdulrhman, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Assessment of Adequacy of Nutritional Support in COVID-19 Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy in Multi Isolation Centers in Khartoum State and its Relation to Outcomes." SAR Journal of Medicine 3, no. 4 (July 18, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjm.2022.v03i04.002.
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Background: Beginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Nutrition support has become one of the important treatments for severe and critical patients. Objective: To assess the adequacy of nutritional support in COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support. Methods: A multicenter prospective study enrolled 88 COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support in Fedail Hospital, Albaraha Hospital, Aliaa Hospital, and Royal Care Hospital during the period from January to April 2021. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, types of oxygen therapy, vital signs, laboratory investigations, methods of nutrition support, estimated calorie achievement, and outcomes were collected. Nutritional adequacy was assessed by using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS- 2002) test. Results: Among 88 patients, 50(56.8%) were males and 38(43.2%) were females; their mean age was 67±11 years. CPAP (n=28; 32%) and mechanical ventilation (n=27; 27%) were the main types of oxygen therapies. Estimated calories were achieved in only 36(40.9%) of patients and failure to the achievement of estimated calories was commonly due to hypoxia (n=33; 37.5%) and poor appetite (n=23; 26.1%). About 66(75%) patients were adequately nourished, 16(18.2%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 6(6.8%) patients were malnourished. The mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition (P. value= 0.000), and parental feeding modes (P. value= 0.000), and underweighted BMI (mean= 17.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Moreover, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with risk of malnutrition (P.value= 0.000), NG feeding (P. value= 0.000) and overweighed BMI (mean= 28.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Additionally, mortality and multi-organ failure were significantly correlated with hypoalbuminemia among our study subjects (P. value= 0.001). Conclusion: The rates of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 6.8% and 18.2% among COVID-19 patients who received oxygen therapy, respectively. Inadequacy of nutritional support or failure in the achievement of estimated calories among our study subjects were commonly due to hypoxia and poor appetite. Mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition, parental feeding modes, and underweighted BMI. Furthermore, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with the risk of malnutrition, NG feeding, and overweighed BMI. Both, mortality and multi-organ failure were correlated with hypoalbuminemia.
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Lu, Shengmin, Yan Cao, Ying Yang, Zhao Jin, and Xiuli Luo. "Effect of fermentation modes on nutritional and volatile compounds of Huyou vinegar." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 7 (June 1, 2018): 2631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3184-0.
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Nyachoti, Martin, Jinyoung Lee, and Chengbo Yang. "244 Application of the Escherichia Coli Challenge Model in Developing Strategies to Improve gut Health and Function in Weaned Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.239.
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Abstract Post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, caused primarily by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of productive and economic losses to the swine industry. Traditionally, the swine industry has managed this disease by utilizing starter diets containing highly digestible and specialized ingredients such as spray-dried porcine plasma and sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics as growth promoters. However, there has intense public pressure to discontinue the use of animal products and antibiotics in pig diets for fear that these products represent a risk to human health. This has sparked great interest in swine nutrition is to identify effective, safe, and environmentally friendly nutritional interventions that could be used in place of in-feed antibiotics. This requires that any such intervention is rigorously tested under conditions that represent those that are encountered in production settings. To this end, the Escherichia coli K88 (or F4) disease challenge model has been used to test the potential of these interventions to support gut health and function in piglets and to allow investigations into the mode of action underlying any such effects. Although this model has been applied successfully to examine the efficacy of different nutritional interventions, including diet formulation strategies and addition of various feed additives, the degree of success achieved varies due to among other factors such as dose used, age of the pigs, and study duration. Being a disease challenge model, animal care oversight, regulatory requirements for Containment Level II facilities, and trial site managements to avoid cross-contamination among treatment groups add to the complexity of protocols for running trials involving this model. Nonetheless, the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli model has been an effective tool in our hands to test the efficacy of various nutritional interventions in protecting piglets against post-weaning diarrhea disease and to elucidate their modes of action.
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Costello, Nessan, Jim McKenna, Louise Sutton, Kevin Deighton, and Ben Jones. "Using Contemporary Behavior Change Science to Design and Implement an Effective Nutritional Intervention Within Professional Rugby League." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0298.
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Designing and implementing successful dietary intervention is integral to the role of sport nutrition professionals as they attempt to positively change the dietary behavior of athletes. High-performance sport is a time-pressured environment where immediate results can often supersede pursuit of the most effective evidence-based practice. However, efficacious dietary intervention necessitates comprehensive, systematic, and theoretical behavioral design and implementation, if the habitual dietary behaviors of athletes are to be positively changed. Therefore, this case study demonstrates how the Behaviour Change Wheel was used to design and implement an effective nutritional intervention within a professional rugby league. The eight-step intervention targeted athlete consumption of a high-quality dietary intake of 25.1 MJ each day to achieve an overall body mass increase of 5 kg across a 12-week intervention period. The capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model and affordability, practicability, effectiveness/cost-effectiveness, acceptability, safety, and equity criteria were used to identify population-specific intervention functions, policy categories, behavior change techniques, and modes of intervention delivery. The resulting intervention was successful, increasing the average daily energy intake of the athlete to 24.5 MJ, which corresponded in a 6.2 kg body mass gain. Despite consuming 0.6 MJ less per day than targeted, secondary outcome measures of diet quality, strength, body composition, and immune function all substantially improved, supporting sufficient energy intake and the overall efficacy of a behavioral approach. Ultimately, the Behaviour Change Wheel provides sport nutrition professionals with an effective and practical stepwise method to design and implement effective nutritional interventions for use within high-performance sport.
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Round, Emily K., Jackie Shinwell, Paul B. Stretesky, and Margaret Anne Defeyter. "An Exploration of Nutritional Education within the Holiday Activities and Food Programme in England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042398.
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Nutritional education is a recent, mandatory inclusion within the quality standards framework for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England; funded by the Department for Education (DfE). Whilst research has been conducted regarding nutritional education in other contexts, such as schools and community organisations, to the authors’ knowledge, no published research has yet explored nutritional education within HAF. The current study therefore aimed to explore the implementation, delivery, and perceived facilitators, barriers and impacts of nutritional education across a number of Local Authorities delivering HAF in England. Purposive sampling (n = 11) was used to recruit HAF leads involved in nutritional education, to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis showed that nutritional education is currently delivered through a variety of modes including face-to-face, online, and take-home methods, all of which require a range of considerations in terms of implementation, delivery, and associated impacts, with some holiday clubs offering no nutritional education. According to participating HAF leads, nutritional education was used as a mechanism to enhance children’s and parents’ cooking confidence and competence, to improve dietary intake, and to increase understanding of issues such as food sustainability, environmental impacts, and food provenance. Although there are many examples of innovative practice, the findings suggested that COVID guidelines proved challenging for providers to include nutritional education within HAF delivery during 2021. Further, whilst the quality standards framework for nutritional education provides flexibility in terms of implementation and delivery, specific guidance, and monitoring of provision is required to ensure quality assurance and consistency across the HAF programme.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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Adjibade, Moufidath. "Etude des déterminants nutritionnels de la santé mentale dans deux cohortes françaises : SU.VI.MAX et NutriNet-Santé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD058.
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La dépression est un trouble mental courant et la première cause d’incapacité dans le monde. Elle a été associée à une mauvaise qualité de vie, un déclin physique, et un risque accru de décès prématuré. De plus, la dépression entraîne un poids économique considérable, faisant d’elle une préoccupation majeure de santé publique. Les facteurs prédisposant ou protecteurs sont divers et inclus des indicateurs de mode de vie modifiables. De nombreuses études ont en effet suggéré que l’alimentation pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la survenue d’une dépression, toutefois peu de ces études se sont intéressées aux scores ou indices nutritionnels définis « a priori ». Ainsi, cette thèse avait pour objectif général d’étudier le lien entre la qualité globale du régime alimentaire (évaluée à l’aide de divers scores et indices nutritionnels « a priori ») et la dépression (plus précisément une symptomatologie dépressive), à partir des données issues des cohortes SU.VI.MAX et NutriNet-Santé. Les résultats de nos travaux ont mis en évidence une association inverse entre l’adéquation à l’alimentation méditerranéenne ou aux recommandations nutritionnelles (françaises et internationales) et le risque de symptômes dépressifs incidents.Toutefois, l’étude portant sur l’adéquation à l’alimentation méditerranéenne ne montrait des résultats significatifs que chez les hommes. Par ailleurs, l’alimentation « pro-inflammatoire » était positivement associée au risque de symptômes dépressifs incidents, mais dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX, les associations n’étaient significatives que dans des sous-groupes de la population à savoir : les hommes, les fumeurs et les personnes pratiquant peu d’activité physique. Nos travaux ont également permis de mettre en évidence que l’adéquation à un nombre croissant d’indicateurs de mode de vie « sain » était inversement associée au risque de symptômes dépressifs incidents.L’ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent que la promotion des modes de vie « sains » (incluant une alimentation « saine ») serait importante dans une stratégie de prévention primaire des symptômes dépressifsDepression is a common mental disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. It has been associated with poor quality of life, physical decline, and increased risk of premature death. In addition, depression leads to a considerable economic burden, making it a major global public health. Protective and risk factors are diverse and include modifiable lifestyle indicators. Several studies have suggested that diet may play an important role in the risk of depression, but few of these studies have investigated the relationship between « a priori » dietary scores and depression. This thesis thus aims to investigate the relationship between overall diet quality evaluated using various nutritional « a priori » scores and incident depressive symptoms, using the data from SU.VI.MAX and NutriNet-Santé cohorts.Our findings showed an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet or nutritional recommendations (French and international) and the risk of incident depressive symptoms. However, the study on adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed significant results in men only. Moreover, « pro-inflammatory » diet was positively associated with the risk of incident depressive symptoms, but in the SU.VI.MAX cohort, the associations were significant only in some subgroups of the population: men, smokers and participants with low physical activity. We also showed that an increasing number of « healthy » lifestyle indicators was inversely associated with incident depressive symptoms.All of these findings suggest that promoting « healthy » lifestyles (including « healthy » diet) could be an important strategy in primary prevention of depressive symptoms
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Steele, Mary. "Development of a theory and evidence informed intervention to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy using narrative, text-messages and images as modes of delivery." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22064.
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Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading preventable factor associated with complications in pregnancy including preterm birth and low birthweight. Past interventions have raised cessation rates by approximately 6% overall (Lumley et al. 2009). Methods: A three-part literature review, two qualitative studies with a total of 36 participants, and the development of an intervention to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy were completed. Central to the design of the research was the creation of the theoretical basis which was developed in line with recommendations from the MRC Framework for Complex Interventions (Craig et al. 2008, Campbell et al. 2000). For part one of the literature review, 24 qualitative and 44 quantitative studies were re-analysed to complete a mixed-methods secondary analysis of the active ingredients in interventions to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy. Part two consisted of an exploration of psychological models and constructs which are likely to predict or influence smoking behaviour during pregnancy. The final part was a discussion regarding the modes of delivery by which an intervention could feasibly be delivered. Qualitative interviews were carried out with participants from stakeholder groups to fill in gaps in literature and determine the acceptability and feasibility of the proposed intervention. The intervention was created using the theoretical basis developed from the findings. Further qualitative interviews, a focus group, and heuristic evaluation were used to determine the acceptability and usability of the intervention for the target group of pregnant smokers. Results and Conclusions: Findings from this work are potentially relevant for a wide range of behaviours and behavioural interventions. An intervention which has a strong grounding in theory and evidence, and is acceptable and feasible for the target group and in clinical practice was developed using evidence gathered in this thesis.
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Dasgupta, Rajaram. "Nutritional planning in India." New Delhi : Navrang, 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=jKvgAAAAMAAJ.
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Ooi, Yasmin Beng Houi. "Predicting nutritional status using energy adjusted models of nutrient intake." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433013.
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Alexandersson, Fredrik, and Lobna Said. "Strategic integration in the Swedish nutritional online and offline market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301344.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how e-business might be integrated into a strategical framework. The strategical framework was based on the Nilsson and Rapp (2005) strategical framework, and e-business strategies were mainly based on customer relationship management strategies that are used in e-commerce companies. We selected Gröndals Apotek, Nu3 and Apotek Hjärtat as our sample, semi-structured interviews as our method and we found that given the external factors in the business environment, retaining and extending online marketing strategies could be integrated into the corporate strategy without taking into consideration of the firm-size. In addition, we found that e-business acquisition strategies such as SEM and blogs were more useful for different firm-sizes in order to create strategic congruence of integrating e-business into the corporate strategy. Lastly, online customer service and pricing were two features that could be appropriate features in the integrated online marketing strategies that aim’s in displaying the competitive advantage.
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Urbina, Jezabel. "Improving Nutrition among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Recipients Using a Monetary Incentive Model." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5668.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the United States' largest government assistance program that aims to alleviate food insecurity. The SNAP program allows low-income individuals and families the ability to purchase nutritious foods through a monthly benefit. However, the current body of literature presents evidence of the program's counterproductive effect. The purpose of this study was to determine whether incentivizing SNAP recipients to purchase additional fruits and vegetables was beneficial in increasing such purchases. Social cognitive theory was used as a theoretical framework to address research questions associated with shopping patterns and attitudes and beliefs. This quantitative study used a randomized controlled trial to study differences between incentivized and control groups. The Healthy Incentives Pilot Program (HIP) used a stratified sampling of 55,095 SNAP households receiving benefits between July, 2011, and December, 2012. Statistical analyses (t test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis) were conducted to identify changes in food shopping patterns and eating behaviors associated with the HIP intervention. Results indicated that (a) incentivizing SNAP recipients leads to an increase in fruit and vegetable purchase, and (b) a correlation exists between fruit and vegetable purchase and attitudes and beliefs. No correlation was found between the intervention and changes in food shopping patterns. Positive social change implications include the improvement of health outcomes in over 43 million people currently enrolled in the SNAP program on a national level.
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Merrifield, Claire Alexandra. "Characterisation of the immuno-metabolic interface in porcine models of nutritional intervention." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11661.
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There is increasing interest in the idea of using diet for health maintenance. Not only does dietary intake determine the availability of substrates for host metabolism, but it can also shape the composition of the intestinal microbiota, increasingly recognised as an ‘organ’ in its own right, which closely interacts with the mucosal immune system. Alterations in the mammalian-microbial-metabolic axis are associated with disease development and as such it is important to study the systemic consequences of dietary intervention on these interactions in an appropriate animal model such as the pig. The majority of the abundant metabolites present in porcine liver, kidney, serum and urine were assigned by one and two dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and qualitatively compared; inter-compartmental differences in relation to mammalian-microbial co-metabolic representation were identified in the pig, and the applicability of NMR-based urinalysis to interrogate mammalian-microbial co-metabolism in this species confirmed. The initial weaning diet of pigs was found to initiate sustainable metabolic reprogramming in the young pig, leading to a persistent urinary metabolic signature after four weeks; this signature included metabolites linked to microbial metabolic processes and could indicate a diet-induced microbial reprogramming event at weaning. Differences in the initial weaning diet were also found to impact the metabolic and immunologic consequences of Bifidobacterium lactis supplementation on the young pig. The urinary metabolic profile from these animals was significantly correlated with patterns of intestinal mucosal immunoglobulin secretion and thus indicates the potential utility of biofluid-based metabolic profiling to assess mucosal responses to dietary intervention.
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Rink, Cameron L. "Nutritional Intervention And Modeling Of Acute Ischemic Stroke." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1210957018.
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Ndakidemi, Patrick Alois. "Nutritional characterisation of the rhizosphere of symbiotic cowpea and maize plants in different cropping system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/762.
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Thesis (DTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005A 2-factorial experiment, involving 3 levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg P.ha-I ) as main treatment and 4 cropping systems (mono crop, maize/cowpea inter-row, maize/cowpea intra-row, and maize/cowpea intra-hole cropping) as sub-treatment was conducted in the field for 2 consecutive years in 2003 and 2004 to assess i) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on the concentrations of plant-available nutrients in the rhizosphere of cowpea and maize; ii) the effect of exogenous P supply on tissue concentrations of minerals in nodulated cowpea and maize in mixed plant cultures iii) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on plant growth and N2 fixation, and iv) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on phosphatase activity and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of cowpea and maize. At harvest, it was found that applying 40 or 80 kg P.ha-I significantly increased cowpea grain yields by 59-65% in 2003 and 44-55% in 2004. With maize, the increases in grain yield were 2037% in 2003 and 48-55% in 2004 relative to zero-P control. In both cropping seasons, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and seed yield per cowpea plant were significantly increased with the application of exogenous P. In contrast, these parameters were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea. Intercropping maize with cowpea produced higher total yields per unit land area than the sole crop counterpart.
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Hernandez, Gabriella Veronica, Victoria Alice Smith, Morgan Coffin, Daniel Columbus, Matthew Burd, Kimberly Sprayberry, Mark Edwards, et al. "Development of a Pediatric Model of Nafld in Neonatal Iberian Pigs." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2097.
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The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has increased over the past decades, creating a need for animal models that recapitulate the features of the pediatric disease. Iberian pigs have a leptin-resistant phenotype characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, and extreme adipogenesis. We hypothesized that neonatal Iberian pigs fed a high fat high-fructose (HFF) diet will develop a pattern of liver injury resembling pediatric NAFLD. In addition, we sought to determine if a mixture of probiotics would prevent the disease. Animals were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 0 g fructose, 11 g fat and 199 kcal (CON-N; n=8), 22 g fructose, 16 g fat and 300 kcal (HFF2-N; n=8), CON + probiotic (CON-P; n=6), or HFF2 + probiotic (HFF2-P; n=6) every 6 h for 70 d. The probiotic mixture (6.2 × 104 cfu/mL) contained Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Body weight was recorded every 3 d. Serum markers of liver injury and dyslipidemia were measured on d 40 and 65 at 2 h post feeding. Fasting leptin, insulin, glucose and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values were assessed on d 70. Liver and skeletal muscle (longissimus dorsi) were collected on d 70 for histology, triacylglyceride (TAG) quantification, relative gene expression, and Western blot analysis. Metabolomic analysis was performed on liver tissue and plasma. Body weight was not significantly greater in HFF fed pigs compared to CON. Leptin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin were increased (P ≤ 0.001), and high and low density lipoproteins decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in HFF2-N and HFF2-P. Livers in HFF2-P and HFF2-N had higher relative weight and TAG (P ≤ 0.001), micro and macrovesicular steatosis, ballooning degeneration, Mallory-denk bodies, inflammation and necrosis, increased gene expression of TNFα, TGFβ, IL1α and PPARγ (P ≤ 0.001), and decreased ChREBP (P ≤ 0.001). A probiotic affect was seen as pigs fed CON-P and HFF2-P had higher insulin and HOMA values were increased (P ≤ 0.05). Western blot analysis showed dysregulation of autophagy in liver of pigs fed CON-P and HFF2-P, and in skeletal muscle of pigs fed CON-N and HFF2-N. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), the urea cycle, and amino acid metabolism of pigs fed HFF2 diets compared to CON diets. In conclusion, Iberian pigs fed a HFF diet recapitulate many pediatric NAFLD-associated features, in the absence of obesity and independently of probiotic supplementation, suggesting a potentially suitable model for pediatric NAFLD research. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation did not ameliorate the onset of NAFLD when fed in conjunction with a HFF diet.
Books on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
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1953-, Beynen Anton C., and West C. E, eds. Use of animal models for research in human nutrition. Basel: Karger, 1988.
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Siva Subramanian, K. N. 1945- and Wastney Meryl E, eds. Kinetic models of trace element and mineral metabolism during development. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.
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W, Lane Helen, and Schoeller Dale A, eds. Nutrition in spaceflight and weightlessness models. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1999.
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Romeyn, Mary. Nutrition and HIV: A new model for treatment. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998.
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Svedberg, Peter. A model of nutrition, health, and economic productivity. Helsinki, Finland: World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1988.
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Nutrition and HIV: A new model for treatment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1995.
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Romeyn, Mary. Nutrition and HIV: A new model for treatment. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998.
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Romeyn, Mary. Nutrition and HIV: A new model for treatment. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998.
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Lardellier, Pascal. Opéra bouffe: Une anthropologie gourmande de nos modes alimentaires. Cormelles-le-Royal: Management et société, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Nutritional models." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 124–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0010.
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Andrews, John H. "Nutritional Mode." In Brock/Springer Series in Contemporary Bioscience, 64–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3074-8_3.
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Andrews, John H. "Nutritional Mode." In Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and Macroorganisms, 69–108. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6897-8_3.
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Soliman, M. Hani, and Jeannine van Herrewege. "Nutrition." In Drosophila as a Model Organism for Ageing Studies, 46–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2683-8_4.
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McMurray, C. H., D. A. Rice, and S. Kennedy. "Experimental Models for Nutritional Myopathy." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 101 - Biology of Vitamin E, 201–23. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720820.ch13.
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Rath, Padmabati. "Nutrition for Elderly." In Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology, 411–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3_19.
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Mühlhausler, Beverly Sara. "Nutritional Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 19–36. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-448-3_2.
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Mühlhäusler, Beverly Sara, Carla Toop, and Sheridan Gentili. "Nutritional Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 43–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9882-1_3.
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Salter, Andrew M. "Animal Models in Nutrition Research." In Nutrition Research Methodologies, 265–77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119180425.ch18.
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Botham, Kathleen M. "Cellular Models in Nutrition Research." In Nutrition Research Methodologies, 278–306. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119180425.ch19.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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Gu, Wei Yong, and Hai Yao. "Constitutive Modeling of Solute Diffusivity in Hydrated Soft Tissues." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59833.
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Based on the experimental results of electrical conductivity and hydraulic permeability, a new constitutive model for relative diffusivity (D/Do) of solutes in gels and tissues was developed. This model could predict the functional relationship between solute diffusivity and tissue deformation. This model could also quantitatively predict the effect of solute size on solute diffusivity in tissues. This study is important for the understanding of nutritional transport in cartilaginous tissues. It is also useful for the prediction of nutrition levels in tissue constructs during growth.
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Martinovski, Sasko, and Fani Gulevska. "Business Model of Consumer Behavior with Included Nutritional Determinant." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2021.109.
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The success of the operations of the companies that work with food products depends a lot on having information about the consumer purchasing decisions, and based on that, inclusion of marketing strategies that will ensure their success. Business models of consumer behavior can answer these important questions. The inclusion of nutritional determinants in these models is significant, and the model will provide answers to the extent of its impact on consumer behavior. Scope of the study within this paper is an applied original modeling concept for creating business models of consumer behavior when buying food products, where special emphasis is given to the nutritional properties of food products, i.e. in addition to other known determinants, the model includes a new determinant called nutritional. The model is built on several principles using modern information technologies, and one of the important principles is to provide greater clarity for a full understanding of the process involved in the model with integrated self-explanatory functionality. The model was partially implemented with data obtained from several surveys conducted in our research, and as outputs of the model, a set of customer responses were obtained.
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Stevens, Julia. "Unlocking the next generation of row crop quality traits through genome editing." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ljob2646.
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Climate smart farming practices; low-impact, high quality raw materials; equitable access to nutrition. The agricultural challenges of the future require innovative technologies today. Expansion of our biotechnology toolbox to include genome editing enables us to design crops that will revolutionize agriculture. At Bayer Crop Science we are developing a Quality Trait portfolio to deliver a safe and sustainable food supply from the beginning of the supply chain while reducing agriculture’s environmental impact. Through our knowledge of endogenous molecular pathways for traits like flavor, nutrient composition, disease resistance, and crop efficiency, we can use modern technology to specifically target and create genetic variation for desired phenotypes. This product development pipeline moves us closer to delivering improved nutritional sustainability, with the flexibility to solve emerging agricultural challenges. In this talk I will cover, why genome editing is needed as a bridge between breeding and biotechnology, the importance of multiplexed editing to deliver quality traits, and an example of success in our pipeline with the short stature corn concept.
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"Promoting Healthy Nutrition through Educational Escape Games." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4362.
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Aim/Purpose: The increased production of processed food, rapid urbanization, and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns so people are now consuming more unhealthy foods. To change unhealthy dietary patterns, there is a need to educate the individuals to keep a balanced diet that is rich in nutritional requirements. One way to educate a heterogeneous population, from preschool to adults, is by learning through games. Background: In recent years, the use of games as a pedagogical method is gaining momen-tum. Game-based learning (GBL) refers to any learning environments or activities that use games to support learning and teaching. GBL enables learners to practice skills that traditional teaching may not offer and promote more efficient learning. GBL includes various types of games; one of them is escape games (EG), which have become a popular trend in the world. Because EG are a relatively new phenomenon, the research on their development and educational value is still in its initial stages. Methodology: The current study is set to develop a methodology for ‘educational EG’ and to examine its role in promoting knowledge, awareness, and motivation toward a healthy nutrition. The study’s theoretical framework is guided by the situated learning theory, as EG are situated in a unique setting that instigates interactions between the players and between them and the learning environment. The research questions are 1. What is the educational potential of escape games? 2. Whether and how can EG promote knowledge, awareness, and motivation toward a healthy nutrition? 3. What are the predicting factors of knowledge, awareness, and motivation toward a healthy nutrition, in the context of educational EG? Contribution: The research’s contributions are in three levels: In the theoretical level, the study contributes a layer of knowledge on situated learning environments, offering a new model for the development and implementation of educational EG. In the methodological level, the study presents valid and reliable research tools for examining the effectiveness of educational EG. In the practical level, the study provides a tangible EG kit on healthy nutrition. Findings: Initial findings indicated on an overall increase in the participants’ positive views about EG as a situated learning environment. The findings also indicated that participation in an EG has a potential to promote knowledge and awareness of nutrition-related issues. The players’ motivation to learn about nutrition increased after participating in the game, mainly due to an increase in their sense of self-efficacy.
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Tomova, Georgia, Kellyn Arnold, Mark Gilthorpe, and Peter Tennant. "OP82 Performance of substitution models in nutritional epidemiology." In Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-ssmabstracts.82.
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Dewi, Ratna, Liliana Puspa Sari, Ahmad Almunawar, and Ika Endah Puspita Sari. "Sports Nutrition Development Model." In 1st Unimed International Conference on Sport Science (UnICoSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200305.013.
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Karim, Azharul, Imran Khan, and Nghia Duc Pham. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of temperature and moisture distributions and changes in nutritional quality during Intermittent Microwave Convective Drying." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.8350.
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Intermittent microwave convective drying (IMCD) is an advanced drying system where a unique volumetric heating mode is facilitated. However, the physical phenomena of IMCD system and its effect on nutritional quality are not well understood yet. The aim of this research is to develop a coupled IMCD and quality prediction model and experimentaslly validate it. A coupled 3D mathematical model considering Maxwell’s equation for electromagnetic heating, and reaction kinetics for predicting quality was developed and validated. COMSOL Multiphysics, engineering software was used to solve the developed model. It is found that IMCD significantly affect the nutritional quality during drying of apple tissue. Keywords: Food material; Microwave; heat and mass transfer; Quality; 3D modelling
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Cancalon, Mathilde, Nathalie Barouh, Youna Hemery, Erwann Durand, Pierre Villeneuve, and Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal. "Lipid Oxidation Kinetics of Model Systems Representative of Follow-on Formulas." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/obji6221.
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The main objective of follow-on formulas is to mimic as closely as possible the composition and structure of mature breast milk. In order to optimize the formulas, important regulatory changes have taken place, including the obligation to supplement the formulas with DHA. The oil phase is therefore formulated from a mixture of oils mainly of vegetable origin with palm oil as the main source of saturated fatty acids and enriched in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, these oil blends are not optimal for nutritional needs of infants and are particularly sensitive to lipid oxidation. The aim of this study was to substitute palm oil with other sources of saturated fatty acids in order to ensure a more suitable nutritional profile for infant without impacting or improving stability against lipid oxidation. To reach this objective a model system representative of marketed follow-on formulas was formulated and declined into a panel of model systems depending on the source of saturated fatty acids used. The results showed that depending on the composition of the oil phase the stability against lipid oxidation could be improved. This study has thus highlighted the importance of the balance between nutritional profile and oxidation stability.
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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.
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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background†functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Feng, Yang, and Gaoping Wang. "Study on Ontology-Based Knowledge Base Model for Nutritional Evaluation." In 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2010.539.
Full textReports on the topic "Nutritional modes"
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Doherty, Tammy J. Development of a Dynamic Nutrition Model (DYNUMO). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408957.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Khadan, Jeetendra, Nekeisha Spencer, Eric Strobl, and Theophiline Bose-Duker. Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Being Overweight or Obese in Suriname. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003348.
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This paper applies probit regression models to a nationally representative household survey dataset collected in 2016-2017 to analyze the relationships between various socio-demographic variables and adult Body Mass Index (BMI) in Suriname. Our results indicate that women, the elderly, and couples either married and/or living together are more likely to be obese or overweight. As expected, this is also true for individuals who have chronic illnesses. The analysis also finds that individuals who engage in a sport or in other forms of exercise, even if modest, have lower odds of being overweight or obese. Interestingly, the findings indicate that individuals who benefit from government social safety net programs are less likely to be associated with being overweight or obese. The results of this study have implications for the adjustment of current Surinamese nutritional guidelines as well as the design and implementation of targeted obesity-reduction policies that recognize that being overweight is influenced by various characteristics. Although the results are country-specific, they have the potential to influence action in all countries in the Caribbean that lack policies to address obesity.
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Mirel, Lisa, Cindy Zhang, Christine Cox, Ye Yeats, Félix Suad El Burai, and Golden Cordell. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744.
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"Objectives—Linking national survey data with administrative data sources enables researchers to conduct analyses that would not be possible with each data source alone. Recently, the Data Linkage Program at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released updated Linked Mortality Files, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to the National Death Index mortality files. Two versions of the files were released: restricted-use files available through NCHS and Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and public-use files. To reduce the reidentification risk, statistical disclosure limitation methods were applied to the public-use files before they were released. This included limiting the amount of mortality information available and perturbing cause of death and follow-up time for select records. Methods—To assess the comparability of the restricted-use and public-use files, relative hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and compared. Results—The comparative analysis found that the two data files yield similar descriptive and model results. Suggested citation: Mirel LB, Zhang C, Cox CS, Ye Y, El Burai Félix S, Golden C. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. National Health Statistics Reports; no 155. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744. CS323656 nhsr155-508.pdf"
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Sproule, Katie, and Lilia Bliznashka. Researcher-implementer partnerships in nutrition-sensitive agriculture programming: Lessons from HKI-IFPRI’s work on HKI’s homestead food production model. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134877.
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Mirel, Lisa. NHSR 155: Comparative Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Public-Use and Restricted-Use Linked Mortality Files - Production Schedule. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104774.
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This report describes a comparative analysis of the public-use and restricted-use NHANES LMFs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative hazard ratios for a standard set of sociodemographic covariates for all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality, using the public-use and restricted-use NHANES LMFs.
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Boisclair, Yves R., and Arieh Gertler. Development and Use of Leptin Receptor Antagonists to Increase Appetite and Adaptive Metabolism in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697120.bard.
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Objectives The original project had 2 major objectives: (1) To determine the effects of centrally administered leptin antagonist on appetite and adaptive metabolism in the sheep; (2) To develop and prepare second-generation leptin antagonists combining high binding affinity and prolonged in vivo half-life. Background Periods of suboptimal nutrition or exaggerated metabolic activity demands lead to a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Ruminants remain productive for a surprisingly long period of time under these circumstances by evoking adaptations sparing available energy and nutrients. The mechanism driving these adaptations in ruminant remains unknown, but could involve a reduction in plasma leptin, a hormone acting predominantly in the brain. In laboratory animals, reduced leptin signaling promotes survival during nutritional insufficiency by triggering energy sparing adaptations such as reduced thyroid hormone production and insulin resistance. Our overall hypothesis is that similar adaptations are triggered by reduced leptin signaling in the brain of ruminants. Testing of this hypothesis in ruminants has not been possible due to inability to block the actions of endogenous leptin and access to ruminant models where leptin antagonistic therapy is feasible and effective. Major achievements and conclusions The Israeli team had previously mutated 3 residues in ovine leptin, with no effect on receptor binding. This mutant was renamed ovine leptin antagonist (OLA) because it cannot activate signaling and therefore antagonizes the ability of wild type leptin to activate its receptor. To transform OLA into an effective in vivo antagonist, the Israeli made 2 important technical advances. First, it incorporated an additional mutation into OLA, increasing its binding affinity and thus transforming it into a super ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA). Second, the Israeli team developed a method whereby polyethylene glycol is covalently attached to SOLA (PEG-SOLA) with the goal of extending its half-life in vivo. The US team used OLA and PEG-SOLA in 2 separate animal models. First, OLA was chronically administered directly into the brain of mature sheep via a cannula implanted into the 3rdcerebroventricule. Unexpectedly, OLA had no effect of voluntary feed intake or various indicators of peripheral insulin action but reduced the plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Second, the US team tested the effect of peripheral PEG-SOLA administration in an energy sensitive, rapidly growing lamb model. PEG-SOLA was administered for 14 consecutive days after birth or for 5 consecutive days before sacrifice on day 40 of life. Plasma PEG-SOLA had a half-life of over 16 h and circulated in 225- to 288-fold excess over endogenous leptin. PEG-SOLA administration reduced plasma thyroid hormones and resulted in a higher fat content in the carcass at slaughter, but had no effects on feed intake, body weight, plasma glucose or insulin. These results show that the team succeeded in developing a leptin antagonist with a long in vivo half-life. Moreover, in vivo results show that reduced leptin signaling promotes energy sparing in ruminants by repressing thyroid hormone production. Scientific and agricultural implications The physiological role of leptin in ruminants has been difficult to resolve because peripheral administration of wild type leptin causes little effects. Our work with leptin antagonists show for the first time in ruminants that reduced leptin signaling induces energy sparing mechanisms involving thyroid hormone production with little effect on peripheral insulin action. Additional work is needed to develop even more potent leptin antagonists, to establish optimal administration protocols and to narrow down phases of the ruminant life cycle when their use will improve productivity.
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Chen, Jiankun, Yingming Gu, Lihong Yin, Minyi He, Na Liu, Yue Lu, Changcai Xie, Jiqiang Li, and Yu Chen. Network meta-analysis of curative efficacy of different acupuncture methods on obesity combined with insulin resistance. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0075.
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Review question / Objective: Population：Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Obesity reference: Consensus of experts on the Prevention and treatment of adult obesity in China in 2011 and Consensus of Chinese experts on medical nutrition therapy for overweight/obesity in 2016 were developed by the Obesity Group of Chinese Society of Endocrinology(CSE); BMI≥28. IR reference: According to the Expert opinions on insulin resistance evaluation published by Chinese Diabetes Society, HOMA-IR≥2.68 is regarded as the standard for the diagnosis of IR. Regardless of age, gender and course of disease. Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Intervention：Any kind of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture+moxibustion, warm acupuncture, electropuncture, auricular point, acupoint application and acupoint catgut embedding. Comparison：Other acupuncture treatments, Drug therapy or blank control. Outcome：Primary outcomes: ①Fasting blood-glucose (FBG); ②Fasting serum insulin (FINS); ③Homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR); ④Body Mass Index (BMI). Secondary outcomes: ①Waistline; ②Waist-hip ratio;③Triglyceride (TG); ④Total cholesterol (TC); ⑤High-density lipoprotein (HDL); ⑥Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Study: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different acupuncture methods in the treatment on obesity with insulin resistance, blind method and language are not limited. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.
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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.