Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nutritional assessment'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Nutritional assessment.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nutritional assessment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Anderson, Rhonda Margaret, and n/a. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards." Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051116.121748.
Full textAbstract:
Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.
2
Anderson, Rhonda Margaret. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards." Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366820.
Full textAbstract:
Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Health Sciences
Full Text
3
Simon, Jeannine. "Identification of Functional Immunological Indicators of Nutritional status during acute nutritional deprivation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36605.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal functioning of the immune system is necessary for the host to be capable of mounting a sufficient immune response, especially in times of sickness and injury. Acute bouts of starvation may compromise immune function, and subsequently lead to increased susceptibility to infection. Immunocompetence has been suggested as a functional indicator of nutritional status as the function of the immune system relies upon nutrient dependent metabolic pathways and the provision of adequate nutrient substrates to synthesize its components. The sensitivity of monocyte phagocytic activity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, and fibronectin concentration were studied in 23 healthy cats during a 7 day period without food followed by a 7 day refeeding period. Blood samples were obtained for plasma fibronectin analysis and immune cell function tests on days 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14. A turbidimetric immunoassay was used for determination of plasma fibronectin concentration. Monocyte phagocytosis and MHC class II expression were measured using flow cytometric techniques. Weight, lymphocyte number, percent lymphocytes, white blood cell number, and serum albumin concentration were monitored throughout the study. Phagocytic activity, MHC class II expression, weight, lymphocyte number, percent lymphocytes, and white blood cell (WBC) number, decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the starvation period. Fibronectin concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) by day 4 of starvation. During refeeding there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in MHC class II expression, fibronectin concentration, weight, lymphocyte number, percent lymphocytes, and white blood cell number. Phagocytic activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) by day 11 of refeeding. Pearsons correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation (p<0.05, r=.2682) between weight change and phagocytosis. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05, r=.3588) between monocyte number and MHC class II expression, and between monocyte number and WBC number (p<0.05, r=.3506). Results indicate that maintenance of immune function is dependent upon the provision of continuous nutritional intake by the host. Plasma fibronectin, monocyte phagocytosis, MHC class II expression, and other immunological measures of health status were sensitive to acute alterations of nutritional intake and subsequent refeeding. Both phagocytic activity and MHC class II expression were found to be reliable indicators of nutritional status during acute nutritional deprivation. These data suggest that short periods of food deprivation may significantly decrease immune response.Master of Science
4
Söderhamn, Ulrika. "Nutritional screening of older patients : developing, testing and using the Nutritional form for the elderly (NUFFE) /." Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7335.
Full text
5
Löwik, Michaël Rutgerus Hendrikus. "Nutritional risk assessment among dutch elderly people." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5569.
Full text
6
Lawson, Margaret S. "The nutritional assessment of the health elderly." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292964.
Full text
7
Brown, Melissa. "Assessment of nutritional knowledge, behaviour and BMI of Primary Care-Givers with children under the age of 18 years." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8415_1366189949.
Full textAbstract:
Research suggests that parents&rsquo
feeding practices play a critical role in the development of children&rsquo
s tastes, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Thus if parental feeding practices play such a critical role, the question arises as to whether there is a difference in parental feeding practices that determine different developments in children&rsquo
s nutritional habits. Furthermore, feeding practices are possibly based on the nutritional knowledge of parents. The aim of this study was to assess the Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional knowledge and behaviour of primary care-givers. This study followed the quantitative research paradigm. A sample of 147 staff members, who were primary care- givers of children at a University in the Western Cape was self-selected to participate in the study. Only primary care-givers of children were invited to participate. The primary care-givers were asked to complete two online questionnaires, the Comprehensive Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFPQ) developed by Musher-E-Eisenman and Holub (2007), and the General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for adults. Data analysis was done by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS17). Results indicated that the majority of participants were overweight (46% of the participants). Primary care-givers across all body mass index groups did not lack nutritional knowledge but variations in behaviour were found with regard to feeding practices. However similarities were found in the BMI categories in the areas of teaching about nutrition, pressure to eat at meal times
and encouraging balance and variety.
8
Fredlund, Josefin, and Veronica Mattsson. "Sjuksköterskans identifiering av nutritionsstatus med bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-150.
Full textAbstract:
Undernäring förekommer både inom sjukvård och inom omsorg. Det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att identifiera näringstillstånd och det kan göras genom antropometriska mått och bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskans nytta av bedömningsinstrument MNA. Resultatet baserades på 15 artiklar. Det är vanligt inom omvårdnad att personer är undernärda eller är i riskzonen för att drabbas av undernäring. MNA klassificerade fler personer som undernärda eller i risk för att drabbas av undernäring än andra instrument. Det visade sig att de som var undernärda eller i riskzonen drabbades av fler komplikationer än de som hade tillfredsställande nutritionsstatus. Mer forskning behövs och framförallt fler kvalitativa studier för att utvärdera varför sjuksköterskan väljer MNA. Kunskapen om MNA bör introduceras tidigt under sjuksköterskeutbildning för att studenten skall få tillräckliga kunskaper.
9
Aurangzeb, Brekhna Women's & Children's Health Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Markers of nutritional assessment in children with gastrointestinal illnesses." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Women's & Children's Health, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41109.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nutritional status affects every aspect of a child?s health. Thorough nutritional assessment is hampered by the lack of a single comprehensive tool, which can cover all aspects of nutritional assessment. In three distinct studies, this thesis investigated the nutritional status of hospitalised children, children with coeliac disease and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Study 1 The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk, and define demographic and anthropometric factors associated with nutritional risk among hospitalized children. In this cross sectional study, 157 hospitalised children were assessed for nutritional status using nutritional risk score (NRS) and anthropometric measurements. We found that 4.5%, 8.9%, 15.1% and 10.4% children were wasted, stunted, overweight and obese respectively. However, with the NRS, 47.8% of the children were at high nutritional risk. These children at high risk had lower weight for age (p=0.02), lower BMI percentiles for age (p=0.001) and longer hospitalization (p=0.001) than children at no risk. Study 2 The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional parameters in children with coeliac disease. Twenty-five children with coeliac disease and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled and anthropometric measurements, BIA and leptin levels were analysed in all. No significant differences were found between the children with coeliac disease and controls in these parameters. BMI percentile correlated with leptin levels in children with coeliac disease. Study 3 The objectives of this study were to determine anthropometric parameters and leptin levels in children with IBD and ascertain if BMI correlates with leptin levels in these children. Thirty children with IBD and 60 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and leptin levels were analysed and compared with controls. IBD children had significantly low weight for age (p=0.002), BMI percentiles (p=0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.009) compared to controls. There was a correlation between BMI and leptin levels in IBD children. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that one quarter of hospitalized children were overweight or obese, and further, that half of the hospitalised children were at high risk of nutritional deterioration and these children had longer hospital stay than children at no risk. Children with coeliac disease had similar anthropometric measurements, body compartments and leptin levels to controls. However, children with IBD had lower anthropometric measurements and leptin levels, indicating under-nutrition. Nutritional assessment should be a mandatory part of clinical management with nutritional status assessed by various tools including NRS, anthropometry, BIA and leptin levels.
10
Stellinga-Boelen, Annette Agnes Maria. "Nutritional assessment of asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/304988057.
Full text
11
Gharib, Nadia Mohamed. "Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614371.
Full text
12
Chavez-Martinez, America. "Health and nutritional need assessment of Hispanics in South Carolina." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219861885/.
Full text
13
Bronner, Elizabeth A. "NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN AN URBAN ECUADORIAN COMMUNITY." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/31.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The goal of this project was to determine the nutritional needs of preschool age children to help guide intervention development. The research aims were 1) to examine and describe young child (ages one to five) nutritional status as it relates to key nutrients associated with stunting and wasting; 2) to determine what key macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies (primarily iron and zinc) are associated with wasting and stunting.
Methodology:
Study sample: Sixty-seven families with children ages one to five who participating in routine health care clinic visits during the UK Shoulder to Shoulder Global health brigade visits.
Study design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted collecting demographic data, medical history, and dietary intake. Objective measures of height/length and weight were completed; and blood samples were drawn to measure serum micronutrient levels. Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) identified nutrient intakes for analytical comparison based on growth parameters. Nutritional and health status were compared to food security and World Health Organization growth reference points of standard deviations on Z-scores of height-for-age and weight-for-age.
Analyses: Chi Square, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression tests were run using Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
Results: Low serum levels of zinc and iron corresponded to low levels of dietary intake of zinc and iron, limited food security and moderate stunting z = -0 to 1.99 Standard Deviation.
Conclusion: This study will inform a comprehensive nutritional intervention for this population. The evidence that specific nutrients are limiting will focus the health promotion objectives.
14
Bachlet, Allison M. E. "Nutritional assessment and intervention in children with severe neurological disabilities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35d74255-e6c4-4ba5-b881-4ddf3cb23aee.
Full textAbstract:
Providing adequate nutrition to children with severe neurological disabilities is extremely difficult due to the high prevalence of oral-motor dysfunction in this group. Short stature and light weight for height are common in disabled children and undernutrition is believed to play a role in this poor growth. This programme of study investigated the effect of gastrostomy-tube feeding in disabled children with oral-motor dysfunction and evaluated the energy balance and body composition of disabled children fed both orally and via gastrostomy-tube over twelve months. The Quality of Life of the children and their carers was also evaluated. Energy intake was measured using three-day dietary diaries and energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water. Total body water using oxygen-18 dilution was used to evaluate body composition along with standard anthropometry. Improved growth, nutritional status and general health were seen at six and twelve months after gastrostomy-tube placement. The Quality of Life of the children and their carers also significantly increased. Both energy intake and energy expenditure were found to be lower than reference standards, but energy balance was positive indicating that inadequate nutrition was not the sole cause of poor growth. Body composition was also found to be significantly different from reference. Fat-free mass was significantly low for age and for height. Fat mass was higher in gastrostomy-tube fed children, but lower or normal in disabled children fed orally. Physical activity levels were low for the entire group of disabled children yet the gastrostomy-tube fed children displayed much higher levels of disability. Gastrostomy-tube feeding has a positive impact upon the growth, health and Quality of Life of disabled children and their carers. Careful follow-up is critical in order to optimize health and body composition.
15
Dodd, Fiona. "Technologies and novel methodologies for the assessment of nutritional interventions." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32312/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to identify novel techniques in the assessment of nutritional intervention effects upon cognition. The impact of combining different cognitive and physiological assessments of nutritional interventions was explored in order to establish whether it could provide a more detailed picture of any effects, as well as the mechanisms by which they may occur. This thesis initially used two different technologies, electroencephalography (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the cerebro-electrical and haemodynamic impact of cognitive task performance following Ginkgo biloba and a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination, in healthy young adults. Following on from this, the effects of two different doses of Ginkgo biloba were investigated on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation parameters during the repeated administration of cognitively demanding tasks. The synergistic effect of two interventions believed to possess disparate effects on cerebral blood flow; caffeine and L-theanine, were then assessed during the performance of a range of cognitive tasks. To evaluate the peripheral as well as the central impact of task performance, a further assessment of (two doses) caffeine was conducted whilst cerebral blood flow and oxygenation parameters were monitored alongside an assessment of metabolism via indirect calorimetry (ICa). In an extension of the methodology, an exercise element was incorporated into the protocol and beetroot juice was administered whilst cerebral blood flow and haemodynamics were monitored during task performance, before, during and after cycling at different exercise intensities. The results of this thesis have identified that the methodologies adopted are capable of detecting changes in cerebral oxygenation as a result of, nutritional challenge; differing doses of the same intervention; the synergistic effect of two different interventions, and during incremental exercise whilst performing cognitive tasks. The concomitant measurement of NIRS and ICa were also shown to be effective in simultaneously determining the somatic and cognitive demands of a task. These findings demonstrate the positive contribution to research of combining technologies and methodologies in the assessment of nutritional interventions and provide valuable information in respect of their use in cognitive research.
16
Bauer, Brooke. "Nutritional assessment of children enrolled in a structured childcare setting." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002bauerb.pdf.
Full text
17
Job, Jennifer Rae. "Nutritional assessment of pregnant teenagers attending the Mater Misericordiae hospital." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1992. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37047/1/37047_Job_1992.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The nutrient intakes of 35 pregnant teenagers (mean age 17 years) and 25 pregnant adults (mean age 26 years) attending the Mater Mothers Misericordiae Hospital in
Brisbane were studied and compared. The nutrient intakes of the pregnant teenagers were also compared with those of a group of non-pregnant teenagers (mean age 16.9
years) of a similar socio-economic status. The 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire were used to determine nutrient intake. The 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire were used to determine
nutrient intakes. Life size photographs were used to determine portion sizes. Between one and three recalls were done for each subject on different days of the week.
Correlations between intakes determined by the two methods were generally good and mean intakes determined by the two methods were not significantly different in most cases. The food photographs improved the accuracy of these methods. No significant difference in the intake of energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A and
vitamin C of the pregnant teenagers and pregnant adults and the pregnant teenagers and non-pregnant teenagers were found. The pregnant adults had a greater intake of
calcium than the pregnant teenagers. The intakes of energy was less than estimated requirements for Australian women and zinc and iron intakes were less than the Australian RDis for pregnant women. The intake of protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C and calcium were adequate compared to the Australian RDI's. No significant difference was found between the weight gain of the pregnant teenagers and pregnant adults. Both groups had weight gains greater than recommended for Australian women. The birthweights of the infants and length of gestations of the pregnant teenagers and pregnant adults were not significantly different. Despite the intake of energy, iron and zinc being less than recommended for both groups birthweight and length of gestation were similar to the Australian average. This suggests that the RDis for these nutrients are excessive.
Haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of the pregnant women were studied. There was no significant difference between the levels of haemoglobin and serum ferritin
of the two groups. Despite a number of pregnant women having haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels indicative of anaemia and storage depletion, no significant
association was found between iron status and birthweight or length of gestation. It was concluded that the older pregnant teenagers attending the Mater Mothers
Hospital are at no greater nutritional risk than the pregnant adults at the same hospital.
18
Saletti, Anja. "Nutritional status and mealtime experiences in elderly care recipients /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-121-0/.
Full text
19
Alharbi, Khadija A. "Assessment of nutritional status of patients on hemodilaysis: a single center study from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/178.
Full textAbstract:
Malnutrition (MN) is prevalent worldwide in hemodialysis patients (HDP); however it has not been assessed in HDP living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MN in HDP at the Jeddah Kidney Center as well as to determine if the 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) correlates with anthropometric [Body Mass Index (BMI), Tricep Skinfold Thickness (TSF), Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)], or biochemical (albumin) measurements. In a cross sectional, descriptive study, 270 HDP were assessed for MN. Over half of the HDP were malnourished, with 47.8% moderately and 6.3% severely malnourished. Fifty-eight percent of HDP did not adhere to their diet prescription. As albumin, BMI, TSF, and MAMC decreased, malnutrition became more severe (p < .01). Patients who were female (OR=.43, p=.001), older (OR=.45, p=.001), with no education (OR=3.10, p=.001), underweight (OR=3.56, p<.001), small TSF (OR=1.12, p=.001), and small MAMC (OR=1.15, p=.001) were more likely to be malnourished. The prevalence of MN is high in these HDP. A consistent nutritional assessment protocol is warranted and should be implemented to decrease MN in Saudi HDP.
20
Patel, Dipti. "The effect of nutritional assessment and counseling of underweight pregnant women enrolled in nutrition intervention project (NIP)." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063240/.
Full text
21
Campbell, Katrina Louise. "Nutritional management in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease : an investigation of methods for nutritional assessment and intervention in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16595/1/Katrina_Louise_Campbell_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Malnutrition is present in up to 48% of chronic kidney disease patients on the initiation of renal replacement therapy (dialysis)1. At this time, malnutrition is an independent and significant predictor of morbidity and mortality2. As a consequence of progressive deterioration in kidney function, symptoms of decreased appetite and reduced intake are common factors leading to the decline in nutritional status3. However, at present there is little evidence to inform nutrition assessment and intervention for pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the nutritional management of CKD patients prior to dialysis with an aim to optimise nutritional status. To address this, an investigation comprising of two phases examining nutrition assessment and intervention in a sample of pre-dialysis Stage IV and V CKD patients was undertaken. Both phases of the study were conducted through Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) Department of Renal Medicine pre-dialysis clinic. Participants met the following criteria: adult (>18 years) Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <30ml/min CKD, not previously seen by a dietitian for Stage IV CKD, absence of communication or intellectual impairment inhibiting their ability to undertake the intervention and an absence of malnutrition from a cause other than CKD. Phase I was a cross-sectional investigation into the performance of a range of tools assessing nutrition status, conducted at baseline of Phase II. Phase II was a randomisedcontrolled trial designed to determine if providing individual nutrition counselling with regular telephone follow-up resulted in improved body composition, nutritional status, dietary intake and quality of life, compared with standard care. A range of intermediate, clinical and patient-centred outcome measures were collected at baseline and twelve weeks. Body composition was measured by total body potassium counting (TBK), considered a gold-standard measure of body cell mass (BCM, the body’s functional metabolising tissue). Nutritional status was measured using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and a number of modified versions of SGA, 7-point SGA, Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records. Quality of life was measured by Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SFTM v1.3 © RAND University), combining the Short Form-36 (SF-36), with a kidney disease-specific module4. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 13 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Phase I analysis was based on descriptive and bi-variate statistics, including chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. For phase II, change variables (Week 12 – Week 0) were created for the outcome measures (BCM, SGA tools, dietary intake (energy and protein) and the 18 KDQOL-SFTM subscales). The assessment of change in outcome measures by treatment group was undertaken by ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline values. Further multivariate analysis (ANCOVA and MANCOVA models) were created for outcome variables when confounding variables were identified and adjusted for. In Phase I, 56 patients (Male n=34; age mean (±SD) 70.7 (±14.0); GFRMDRD 22.4 (±6.5) mL/min) underwent baseline assessment. In this population the prevalence of malnutrition was 19.6% (n=11, SGA B; no C ratings). Malnutrition was associated with lower body cell mass (mean BCM, 26.3 vs. 33.4 kg p=0.007), body weight (64.8 vs. 76.1 kg p=0.042), BMI (23.7 vs. 27.6 kg/m2 p=0.015) and greater weight loss over previous 6 months (-6.2 vs. -0.1 kg p=0.004). Body cell mass indexed for height (BCM-I kg/m3.5) had a relationship with MIS (r=-0.27 p=0.063) and scored PG-SGA (r=-0.27 p=0.060), but not with 7-point SGA (F(4) 2.24 p=0.080). PG-SGA best discriminated malnutrition based on a BCM-I cut-off of <5.25kg/ m3.5 of all the modified SGA tools. The scored PG-SGA including the global SGA rating is recommended for use in pre-dialysis CKD. In Phase II, 50 patients, (Male n=31 (62.0%); age 69.7 (±12.0) years; GFRMDRD 22.1 (±6.9) ml/min) completed the 12 week study period (intervention n=24; standard care n=26). At 12 weeks, there was a clinically significant improvement in all outcome measures in the intervention group. There was a 3.9% (95% CI, -1.0 to 8.7%) mean difference in change for Body Cell Mass between the treatment groups, represented by a significant decrease in the standard care group and maintenance in the intervention group. Nutritional status measured by SGA improved or was maintained (24/24) in the intervention group, however, decreased in 14% (4/26) of the standard care group. Energy intake significantly improved in the intervention group resulting in a mean difference in change of 17.7kJ/kg (8.2 to 27.2 kJ/kg). Quality of life improved significantly in 10 of the 18 sub-scales in the intervention group. Significant effect modification for gender was apparent for many of the outcome variables, with females responding most significantly to the intervention treatment. This study concluded that, overall, structured nutrition intervention limits the deterioration in nutritional status, improves dietary intake and quality of life in patients with CKD prior to the onset of renal replacement therapy. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the evidence base for nutritional management of pre-dialysis Stage IV CKD. The use of SGA for nutrition assessment and including PG-SGA to measure change is recommended for routine nutrition assessment of pre-dialysis CKD. The provision of individual nutrition counselling with regular follow-up, with a focus on promoting intake provides beneficial patient outcomes supporting optimal nutritional status in pre-dialysis CKD patients.
22
Campbell, Katrina Louise. "Nutritional management in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease : an investigation of methods for nutritional assessment and intervention in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16595/.
Full textAbstract:
Malnutrition is present in up to 48% of chronic kidney disease patients on the initiation of renal replacement therapy (dialysis)1. At this time, malnutrition is an independent and significant predictor of morbidity and mortality2. As a consequence of progressive deterioration in kidney function, symptoms of decreased appetite and reduced intake are common factors leading to the decline in nutritional status3. However, at present there is little evidence to inform nutrition assessment and intervention for pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the nutritional management of CKD patients prior to dialysis with an aim to optimise nutritional status. To address this, an investigation comprising of two phases examining nutrition assessment and intervention in a sample of pre-dialysis Stage IV and V CKD patients was undertaken. Both phases of the study were conducted through Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) Department of Renal Medicine pre-dialysis clinic. Participants met the following criteria: adult (>18 years) Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <30ml/min CKD, not previously seen by a dietitian for Stage IV CKD, absence of communication or intellectual impairment inhibiting their ability to undertake the intervention and an absence of malnutrition from a cause other than CKD. Phase I was a cross-sectional investigation into the performance of a range of tools assessing nutrition status, conducted at baseline of Phase II. Phase II was a randomisedcontrolled trial designed to determine if providing individual nutrition counselling with regular telephone follow-up resulted in improved body composition, nutritional status, dietary intake and quality of life, compared with standard care. A range of intermediate, clinical and patient-centred outcome measures were collected at baseline and twelve weeks. Body composition was measured by total body potassium counting (TBK), considered a gold-standard measure of body cell mass (BCM, the body’s functional metabolising tissue). Nutritional status was measured using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and a number of modified versions of SGA, 7-point SGA, Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records. Quality of life was measured by Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SFTM v1.3 © RAND University), combining the Short Form-36 (SF-36), with a kidney disease-specific module4. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 13 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Phase I analysis was based on descriptive and bi-variate statistics, including chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. For phase II, change variables (Week 12 – Week 0) were created for the outcome measures (BCM, SGA tools, dietary intake (energy and protein) and the 18 KDQOL-SFTM subscales). The assessment of change in outcome measures by treatment group was undertaken by ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline values. Further multivariate analysis (ANCOVA and MANCOVA models) were created for outcome variables when confounding variables were identified and adjusted for. In Phase I, 56 patients (Male n=34; age mean (±SD) 70.7 (±14.0); GFRMDRD 22.4 (±6.5) mL/min) underwent baseline assessment. In this population the prevalence of malnutrition was 19.6% (n=11, SGA B; no C ratings). Malnutrition was associated with lower body cell mass (mean BCM, 26.3 vs. 33.4 kg p=0.007), body weight (64.8 vs. 76.1 kg p=0.042), BMI (23.7 vs. 27.6 kg/m2 p=0.015) and greater weight loss over previous 6 months (-6.2 vs. -0.1 kg p=0.004). Body cell mass indexed for height (BCM-I kg/m3.5) had a relationship with MIS (r=-0.27 p=0.063) and scored PG-SGA (r=-0.27 p=0.060), but not with 7-point SGA (F(4) 2.24 p=0.080). PG-SGA best discriminated malnutrition based on a BCM-I cut-off of <5.25kg/ m3.5 of all the modified SGA tools. The scored PG-SGA including the global SGA rating is recommended for use in pre-dialysis CKD. In Phase II, 50 patients, (Male n=31 (62.0%); age 69.7 (±12.0) years; GFRMDRD 22.1 (±6.9) ml/min) completed the 12 week study period (intervention n=24; standard care n=26). At 12 weeks, there was a clinically significant improvement in all outcome measures in the intervention group. There was a 3.9% (95% CI, -1.0 to 8.7%) mean difference in change for Body Cell Mass between the treatment groups, represented by a significant decrease in the standard care group and maintenance in the intervention group. Nutritional status measured by SGA improved or was maintained (24/24) in the intervention group, however, decreased in 14% (4/26) of the standard care group. Energy intake significantly improved in the intervention group resulting in a mean difference in change of 17.7kJ/kg (8.2 to 27.2 kJ/kg). Quality of life improved significantly in 10 of the 18 sub-scales in the intervention group. Significant effect modification for gender was apparent for many of the outcome variables, with females responding most significantly to the intervention treatment. This study concluded that, overall, structured nutrition intervention limits the deterioration in nutritional status, improves dietary intake and quality of life in patients with CKD prior to the onset of renal replacement therapy. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the evidence base for nutritional management of pre-dialysis Stage IV CKD. The use of SGA for nutrition assessment and including PG-SGA to measure change is recommended for routine nutrition assessment of pre-dialysis CKD. The provision of individual nutrition counselling with regular follow-up, with a focus on promoting intake provides beneficial patient outcomes supporting optimal nutritional status in pre-dialysis CKD patients.
23
Walter, B. S., S. N. DeWitte, T. Dupras, and Julia Beaumont. "Assessment of nutritional stress in famine burials using stable isotope analysis." Wiley, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17776.
Full textAbstract:
YesObjectives: We compared δ15N and δ13C values from bone and dentine collagen profiles of individuals interred in famine‐related and attritional burials to evaluate whether individuals in medieval London who experienced nutritional stress exhibit enriched nitrogen in bone and tooth tissue. Dentine profiles were evaluated to identify patterns that may be indicative of famine during childhood and were compared with the age of enamel hypoplasia (EH) formation to assess whether isotopic patterns of undernutrition coincide with the timing of physiological stress. Materials and Methods: δ15N and δ13C isotope ratios of bone collagen were obtained from individuals (n = 128) interred in attritional and famine burials from a medieval London cemetery (c. 1120–1539). Temporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from a subset of these individuals (n = 21). Results: Results indicate that individuals from attritional graves exhibit significantly higher δ15N values but no significant differences were found between burial types for the sexes. Analyses of dentine profiles reveal that a lower proportion of famine burials exhibit stable dentine profiles and that several exhibit a pattern of opposing covariance between δ15N and δ13C. EH were also observed to have formed during or after the opposing covariance pattern for some individuals. Conclusions: The results of this study may reflect differences in diet between burial types rather than nutritional stress. Though nutritional stress could not be definitively identified using bone and dentine collagen, the results from dentine analysis support previous observations of biochemical patterns associated with nutritional stress during childhood.
Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. Grant Numbers: BCS‐1261682, BCS‐1540208. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina. Grant Number: SPARC Fellowship Grant
24
Malone, Marilyn Hinnenkamp. "Assessment of nutritional status in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101449.
Full textAbstract:
A detailed nutritional assessment was carried out on thirteen patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of body fat and skeletal muscle were measured using triceps-skinfold, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and creatinine height index. Body weight was compared to standards for height and sex. Serum albumin and transferrin levels were measured to estimate visceral protein stores. The average Kilocalorie and protein intake was assessed from four day records and compared to estimated Kilocalorie and protein needs.
The findings of this assessment showed decreased skeletal and visceral protein stores that can be characterized as a mixed type of malnutrition, or marasmic-kwashiokor. Protein intake was also shown to be inadequate when compared to estimated protein needs for stress and/or infection. This could contribute to diminished protein stores and muscle wasting.M.S.
25
Jagoe, Robert Thomas. "Mechanisms and consequences of nutritional depletion in early lung cancer." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311117.
Full text
26
Rodigas, Colleen Shortall. "Assessing Nutritional Risk of the Post-Acute Liver Transplant Population." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555988.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Although nutritional deficiency is known to be both common and multifactorial in the post-liver transplant population, a global systematic method of assessing nutritional status has not been widely implemented. The Subjective Global Assessment has been validated in many clinical populations, but to this investigator's knowledge there are no reports on its use in the post-acute liver transplant population. The purpose of this Doctorate of Nursing Practice project was to assess nutritional risk using a Nutritional Assessment Tool, consisting of the Subjective Global Assessment plus additional indicators, for use in the post-acute liver transplant population, defined as one week or less after hospital discharge from liver transplant. The additional indicators consist of age, body mass index, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, hospital length of stay for liver transplant, and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Methods. This was a practicality study in which a Nutritional Assessment Tool was administered by advanced practice nurses to post-acute liver transplant patients in an outpatient clinic. Each advanced practice nurse completed a practicality survey. Dependence of the additional indicators on the Subjective Global Assessment classification was evaluated using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Time to administer the tool was also collected. Results. Seventeen participants were enrolled over a period of three months. Among these, 70.5% were ranked as well-nourished, 23.5% as moderately malnourished, and 5.9% as severely malnourished. No statistically significant dependence of the indicators on the Subjective Global Assessment classification was found. The average time to administer the tool was 9.7+/- 2.4 minutes. Based on the survey from advanced practice nurses, the Nutritional Assessment Tool was found to be practical in this outpatient clinic setting. Conclusions. Implementing a Nutritional Assessment Tool, or the Subjective Global Assessment at minimum, in the post-acute liver transplant population in this setting served to be a practical method of evaluating global nutritional risk.
27
Dascon, Nadunge Suganda, and Mohammed Ameen Karmang Ali. ""Mini Nutritional Assessment" och undernärda äldre : En empirisk studie utifrån sjuksköterskans erfarenheter." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-794.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Undernäring är ett vanligt förekommande problem bland den äldre befolkningen. Att kunna identifiera de människor som lider av undernäring ligger inom sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) skalan är ett av de olika mätinstrument som används för att i tidigt skede upptäcka undernärda äldre eller de som riskerar att bli undernärda. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av användning av MNA-skalan hos äldre patienter. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med hjälp av en intervjuguide genomfördes med tio yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor på två geriatriska avdelningar. Data bearbetades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i tre huvudkategorier; osäker bedömning, del av rutin och bra redskap. Slutsats: MNA-skalan upplevdes som ett bedömningsverktyg som ger bra vägledning. Dock bör sjuksköterskor komplettera bedömningen med andra faktorer bland annat den kliniska blicken som innefattar sjuksköterskans teoretisk grund, praktisk erfarenhet samt sunt förnuft för att resultatet ska vara säkert och tillförlitlig. Kliniska betydelsen: Genom att sjuksköterskan använder MNA-skalan tillsammans med sin kliniska blick och kompetens, kan undernärda patienter identifieras tidigt. På så sätt kan detta leda till betydande potential för att skydda mot mänskligt lidande och spara på samhällsekonomiska resurser.Background: Malnutrition is a commonly recurring problem among the elderly population. To be able to identify patients who suffer from malnutrition is an important care responsibility of the nurse. The Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) scale is one of many different screening tools which are used for identifying malnutrition or risk for malnutrition among elderly, at an early stage. Aim: To describe nurses`- experiences of using the MNA-scale among the elderly patients. Method: Semi-structured interviews based on questionnaires were conducted with ten professional nurses in two geriatric wards. The data was processed with a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: Three main categories of results emerged. These were unsure assessment, part of the routine and useful tool. Conclusion: The MNA-scale is an assessment tool that provides good guidance. However, it is necessary to complement the MNA-scale with other factors, for example, with clinical competence that includes the nurse's theoretical foundation, practical experience and common sense to get a safer and more reliable nutrition status. Clinical implication: By using MNA-scale with clinical impressions and competence, nurses can identify malnutrition early stage. This can lead to significant potential for savings in both human suffering and economic resources.
28
Yasar, Sulhattin. "Assessment of the nutritional effects of water treatment of feed for poultry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365264.
Full text
29
Kautz, Linda Louise. "Evaluation of the hand grip dynamometer as a tool for nutritional assessment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184542.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore utility of handgrip strength measured by the hand-grip dynamometer for assessment of nutritional status in protein-calorie malnutrition. The first study included six subjects (all right-handed), who had grip strength measured daily for five days, then weekly for three weeks. Intra-individual variability was approximately 10%. No learning or training effect was observed. Change in leg position from feet on the floor to elevation of feet made no significant difference in grip-strength measurement. In Phase Two, 43 healthy adult subjects (three left-handed) prior to elective surgery, height was significantly related to handgrip strength (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). Males were stronger than females. After surgery, the non-dominant hand lost significant strength (2.68 kilograms) and recovered more quickly than the dominant hand. Multiple regression analyses provided predictive equations for pre-surgery left hand-grip strength using age, sex, and height (R² = 0.77); from age, sex, hand measured, and grip strength two days after surgery or three days after surgery (R² = 0.89 for each). Ten sequential grip-strength measurements analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance with orthogonal comparisons showed a difference in measurements between hands as well as before and after surgery. The slope of the measurement line was more linear before and three days after surgery, but more quadratic in shape two days after surgery. The effects seen by type of surgery were inversion of the slope of right hand sequential measurements two days after knee surgery and before-surgery drop and increase from trial five to trial seven in left hand sequential measurements of knee and vaginal hysterectomy subjects. In a six-month-long case study, grip-strength measurements were followed in a seriously-ill 68-year-old patient hospitalized for surgical repair of hiatal hernia and mucous fistula who underwent several periods of nutritional depletion. Grip strength varied throughout the period (although not differently from healthy subjects), but did not directly parallel changes in serum albumin or prealbumin. The conclusion was that hand strength measured by the handgrip dynamometer did not change enough with fasting and surgery from normal day-to-day variability to be useful for nutritional assessment.
30
Faxén, Irving Gerd. "Nutritional status and cognitive function in frail elderly subjects /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-004-4/.
Full text
31
Ferdous, Tamanna. "Prevalence of malnutrition and determinants of nutritional status among elderly people : a population-based study in rural Bangladesh /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/91-7357-069-9/.
Full text
32
Bannerman, Elaine. "Identification of poor nutritional status in non-institutionalised individuals >75 years old." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389375.
Full text
33
Russell, Caitlin. "The Effectiveness of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire in Determining the Adequacy of Vitamin D Intake in Children." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/18.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Studies have consistently found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. Few validated dietary intake assessment tools for vitamin D exist for adolescents.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if a short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) can be used to effectively assess vitamin D intake in adolescents compared to a previously validated long food frequency questionnaire (LFFQ).
Participants/setting: 140 healthy 6-12 year old (male n=81) Caucasian and African American (n=94) children from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania completed a SFFQ and LFFQ at two time points 6 months apart.
Main outcome measures: Reliability and validity of a SFFQ by comparison with a previously validated LFFQ for children and adolescents.
Statistical analysis: Reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients.
Results: Mean vitamin D intake from the SFFQ (range, 434 to 485 IU) was higher than the LFFQ (range, 320 to 378 IU). Overall association between the SFFQ and the LFFQ for vitamin D intake was modest (r=0.36, P<0.001). When stratified by race, the overall degree of association was weak for African Americans (r=0.26, P=0.001) and moderate for Caucasians (r=0.57, P<0.001). Overall reliability testing results were modest and significant for the LFFQ (r=0.28, P=0.002) and SFFQ (r=0.33, P<0.001). Association between mean vitamin D intake from LFFQs and SFFQs was used to determine validity. The association for validity was found to be modest (r=0.51, P<0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the SFFQ were 90%, 64%, 0.78, and 0.58, respectively.
Conclusion: The SFFQ was found to be modestly valid and reliable in an early adolescent population. Associations between African Americans were not as strong as Caucasians which may be due to errors in reporting dietary consumption related to higher body weight.
34
Toniazzo, Mirian Paola. "Condição bucal e desnutrição." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150271.
Full textAbstract:
A condição bucal e a falta de condições mastigatórias adequadas têm sido implicadas como indicadores de risco para má alimentação e desnutrição. Indivíduos com um número menor de dentes ou edêntulos são considerados menos propensos a comer alimentos ricos em nutrientes, como vegetais, frutas, carne e grãos integrais. Há evidências que a condição bucal alterada causa restrições dietéticas através da dificuldade em mastigar, comprometendo o estado nutricional e bem-estar dos indivíduos. Esta dissertação é composta por dois estudos, uma revisão sistemática da literatura com meta- análise e um estudo transversal. A revisão sistemática da literatura com meta-analise avaliou e comparou o estado de saúde bucal (perda de dentes, uso de prótese e DMFT) em idosos bem-nutridos, em risco de desnutrição e indivíduos desnutridos. Dois pesquisadores analisaram a inclusão dos títulos, resumos, leitura completa (MPT e FWMGM), outros dois fizeram a extração de dados dos artigos (PSA e MPT) e se um consenso não fosse possível, um terceiro pesquisador estaria incluído neste processo. De 110 artigos lidos na íntegra, 26 foram incluídos na revisão sistemática, dos quais 23 eram transversais. Foi demonstrado que os sujeitos com estado nutricional normal tinham um número significativamente maior de pares de dentes / Unidades Funcionais de Dentes (FTU) em comparação com aqueles que estavam desnutridos ou em risco de desnutrição. As meta-análises não mostraram associação estatisticamente significante entre edentulismo e uso de prótese, pois o risco relativo combinado foi de 1,072 (IC 95% 0,957 - 1,200, p = 0,230) e 0,874 (IC 95%: 0,710 - 1,075, p = 0,202). Por outro lado, o desvio padrão médio do número médio de dentes presentes foi de -0,141 (IC 95% -0,278 - 0,005, p = 0,042) em indivíduos com desnutrição / risco de desnutrição. O estudo transversal avaliou a condição bucal e o estado nutricional de pacientes que se encontravam internados nas enfermarias do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), no período de dezembro de 2015 e junho de 2016. O presente estudo incluiu 394 participantes com idade média de 63.43±10.76 entre os indivíduos diabéticos (87 mulheres e 110 homens) e 59,85±15,18 entre os não diabéticos (93 mulheres e 104 homens). Os indivíduos diabéticos (18,33±12,79) permaneceram em média mais tempo internados do que os indivíduos não diabéticos (16,53±14,54). As variáveis sexo, número de dentes, tempo de internação e capacidade funcional mastigatória estavam associadas à desnutrição na análise uni-variada. Na análise multivariada, sexo, número de dentes e tempo de internação mantiveram-se associados à desnutrição. Apresente dissertação conclui que existe associação entre a condição bucal e a desnutrição. Indivíduos com perdas dentárias apresentam maior risco desnutrição, o que foi demostrado tanto na meta análise quanto no estudo transversal.The oral condition and the lack of adequate masticatory conditions have been implicated as risk indicators for malnutrition and malnutrition. Individuals with fewer teeth or edentulous are considered less likely to eat foods rich in nutrients such as vegetables, fruits, meat and whole grains. There is evidence that altered oral status causes dietary restrictions through difficulty in chewing, compromising the nutritional status and well-being of individuals. This dissertation is composed of two studies, a cross-sectional study and a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. The cross-sectional study evaluated the oral condition and nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the Hospital das Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), from December 2015 to June 2016. The present study included 394 middle-aged participants Of 63.43 ± 10.76 among diabetic subjects (87 women and 110 men) and 59.85 ± 15.18 among non-diabetics (93 women and 104 men). Diabetic individuals (18.33 ± 12.79) remained on average longer hospitalized than non-diabetic individuals (16.53 ± 14.54). The variables gender, number of teeth, length of hospital stay and functional masticatory capacity were associated with malnutrition in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, sex, number of teeth and length of stay remained associated with malnutrition. The systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis evaluated and compared the state of oral health (tooth loss, prosthesis use and FWD) in well-nourished elderly, at risk of malnutrition, and malnourished individuals. Two researchers analyzed the inclusion of titles, abstracts, full reading (MPT and FWMGM), two others extracted data from articles (PSA and MPT) and if a consensus was not possible, a third researcher would be included in this process. Of 110 articles read in full, 26 were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review, of which 23 were cross-sectional. It was shown that subjects with normal nutritional status had significantly more pairs of teeth / functional tooth units (FTU) compared to those who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The meta-analyzes did not show a statistically significant association between edentulism and prosthesis use, since the combined relative risk was 1.072 (95% CI 0.957-1.1200, p = 0.230) and 0.874 (95% CI: 0.710-0.075, p = 0.202 ). On the other hand, the mean standard deviation of the mean number of teeth present was -0.141 (95% CI -0.278-0.005, p = 0.042) in subjects with malnutrition / risk of malnutrition. The present dissertation concludes that there is an association between the oral condition and malnutrition. Individuals with dental losses present a greater risk of malnutrition, which was demonstrated both in the meta-analysis and in the cross-sectional study.
35
Vivanti, Angela Patricia. "Assessment of dietary compliance in patients with insulin dependant diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36712/1/36712_Vivanti_1994.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Forty individuals over 16 years, able to read English and diagnosed with insulin dependant
diabetes mellitus were recruited from an outpatient endocrinology unit to investigate the dietary
modifications implemented after receiving dietary advice. Recorded dietary intakes were
compared with the dietary recommendations, previous dietary practices, the recommended diet
for diabetes, the diet of the Australian population and the national dietary goals. Participants
were asked to recall the time lapsed since their last dietetic visit and the recommendations
provided. The reported and actual deviation from the documented recommendations, adherence
to carbohydrate distribution, consumption of total, simple and complex carbohydrate, and
adherence to energy and macro-nutrients were investigated. Patterns of meal consumption and
meal omission, the consumption of less desirable foods and the frequency and dietary
responses to hypoglycaemic events were also examined.
Fourteen day food records were completed by 20 male and 20 female participants and the
dietary histories taken by dietitians were available for comparison. The participants' average age
was 42.45 years (sd 9.97) for men and 38.25 years (sd 18.99) for women. The mean length of
time with insulin dependant diabetes mellitus was 17 .35 years (sd 9. 79) for men and 11. 70
years (sd 12.15) for women.
All participants considered the diet to be a "somewhat" to "very" important aspect of their
treatment. Most found the diet "somewhat" to "very" difficult to follow. The dietetic estimate
of participants' energy requirements correlated more highly with the recorded consumption than
the level revealed by the participants during the interview. The recommended carbohydrate
exchanges and distribution recalled from the last dietetic visit correlated well with the
documented information (r=.90**).
The recorded intake of carbohydrate correlated more highly with the recommendations than the
dietary history. Although adherence to the recommendations was not complete, participants
appeared to make some modifications to their dietary intake.
The meals omitted most frequently were breakfast (mainly on weekends), followed by lunch
(mainly on weekdays), then dinner (mainly on weekends). A total of 5.8% ofThe average consumption of "avoid" foods was once every 2 days. The 14 day intake ranged
from 0-88. Average consumption of "sometimes-use" foods was twice a day. The 14 day
intake ranged from 0-101.
More than 1 hypoglycaemic event a week was experienced by 52.5% of the participants while
10 % experienced more than 1 a day. Contrary to current recommendations, the majority of
participants consumed only one food (primarily simple carbohydrate) during a hypoglycaemic
event. The most popular foods consumed by participants in response to hypoglycaemia were
sugar, plain biscuits, fruit/fruit juice and chocolate.
Hypoglycaemic events occurred most frequently (73. 7% of total) before lunch, before dinner
and before going to bed. On the days hypoglycaemic events occurred, protein and fat as well as
carbohydrate frequently differed significantly from the usual intake.
The percentage of energy from protein, fat, carbohydrate and ethanol consumed by the
participants did not differ statistically significantly from that of the Australian population.
However, the participants reported consuming fewer grams of total & simple carbohydrate and
more grams of complex carbohydrate. The participants average intake of alcohol (grams) was
less than both the Australian average and the Goals and Targets (Health for all Australians,
1988). The grams and percentage of energy from refined sugars were much lower than both
the current average Australian intake and the Goals and Targets for Improving Health as stated
in "Health for all Australians" (1988).
II meals were
omitted.
36
Camêlo, André Alves. "Estado nutricional de idosos em um hospital público de Rio Branco, Acre, 2006-2007." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-06042011-145759/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Apesar de haver sido relatada grande variação da prevalência de desnutrição na admissão hospitalar, observa-se consenso ao afirmar que a prevalência aumenta e sua intensidade se agrava quanto maior o tempo de internação. Ao mesmo tempo, as desordens nutricionais estão diretamente implicadas com aumento da morbi-mortalidade, sendo escassos os estudos sobre estado nutricional em pacientes hospitalizados na região norte do Brasil. Objetivos: Descrever o estado nutricional dos idosos internados em hospital geral em Rio Branco, Acre através da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e verificar a associação entre o estado nutricional e as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e estilo de vida dos idosos. Métodos: O presente estudo é um recorte de um estudo transversal de base institucional, realizado em hospital de nível terciário da região Amazônica em que foram estudados 318 idosos na primeira admissão nesse hospital, no período de janeiro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Resultados: A prevalência de risco para desnutrição foi de 33 por cento e de desnutrição, 21 por cento. Ser casado evidenciou em proteção para o idoso ter boas condições nutricionais, como também, maior escolaridade e fontes de ingresso. Enquanto que hipertensão, diabetes, declínio da capacidade funcional e polifarmácia evidenciaram em piora no estado nutricional do idoso. Conclusões: Viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,74); ter hipertensão e diabetes associadas (OR=4,22); dependência parcial (OR=14,92) e dependência importante (OR=41,56); e consumir mais de três medicamentos diários (OR=17,07), tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a desnutrição. Em relação ao risco nutricional, conferiram associação viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,14); ser portador de hipertensão e diabetes simultaneamente (OR=5,75) e consumir mais de três medicamentos por dia (OR=6,64). A avaliação nutricional deve ser incorporada na atenção de saúde como um todo, com medidas de saúde complementares, que evitem o declínio de sua condição nutricional no momento e após a internaçãoIntroduction: Malnurition prevalence at hospital admission has wild variation; however, it is consensus that its prevalence and intensity increase the longer they stay interned. Nutritional disordes are also involved in morbidity and mortality rate with little research on the nutritional status in hospitalized patients in the north of Brazil. Objectives: This study has the objective to describe nutritional status among elderly patients in general hospital in Rio Branco, Acre using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to verify the association between nutritional status andsociodemographic, health conditions and lifestyle among those elderly.Methods: This study is an outline of an institutional research project conducted in tertiary hospital in the Amazon region, which studied 318 elderly people in the first admission to that hospital, from january 2006 to july 2007. Results: The prevalence of risk for malnutrition was 33 per cent and malnutrition, 21 per cent. Married elders showed evidenced of having good nutritional status, better education and higher income as well. Healthy habits did not correlate with changes in nutritional assessment of the elderly. While hypertension, diabetes, declining functional status and polypharmacy showed deterioration in the nutritional status of the elderly. Conclusions: To live with family or friends (OR=3.74), have hypertension and diabetes associated (OR=4.22); partial dependence (OR=14.92) and important (OR=41.56); consuming more three drugs per day (OR=17.07); had association with malnutrition. In relation to nutritional risk the association gave live with family or friends (OR=3.14); be patient with hypertension and diabetes at same time (OR=5.75) and consume more than three medications per day (OR=6.64). Nutritional assessment is important for the holistic care of the elderly and must be incorporated in health care as a whole, with additional health measures that prevent their decline in nutritional status at the time and after hospitalization
37
Knight, Adriene Jean. "Nutritional Assessment of Individuals who Utilize Services Available Through the Wood County Committee on Aging." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245692500.
Full text
38
RISCAZZI, PAOLA. "Nutritional, environmental optimization and sustainability communication of food productions." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1742.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesi inizia con un’analisi dell’aspetto nutrizionale degli alimenti. In particolare, è stato discusso il concetto di dieta equilibrata, con riferimento ai principi della “dieta mediterranea”.
Proprio da questo modello alimentare trae ispirazione la “ottimazione”, una tecnica sviluppata e utilizzata per programmare pasti conformi a specifici standard nutrizionali (15/30/55 tra proteine, lipidi e carboidrati sull’apporto energetico totale, proporzioni tipicamente mediterranee).
Tali preparazioni alimentari sono state testate anche attraverso metodi di analisi sensoriale.
Il passaggio successivo è stato l’estensione del concetto di “ottimizzazione nutrizionale” a quello di “ottimizzazione ambientale”, dovuto all’ipotizzato minor impatto ambientale della dieta mediterranea.
Il LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) è la tecnica che è stata utilizzata per valutare l’impatto ambientale di alcuni prodotti alimentari, quali verdure surgelate, un salume e un formaggio.
Un ulteriore passaggio è stata la creazione di uno strumento di comunicazione, una nuova etichetta ambientale, realizzata per essere utilizzata dalle aziende per comunicare le loro performance ambientali e quindi il loro impegno al miglioramento continuo, e dai consumatori per ottenere maggiori informazioni sull’impatto ambientale dei prodotti acquistati quotidianamente, al fine di accrescere il proprio senso critico ed effettuare acquisti consapevoli.The thesis begins with an analysis of the nutritional aspects of foods. In particular, the concept of balanced diet has been discussed, by referring to the principles of "mediterranean diet". Just from this food model, the “optimation” draws inspiration, a technique developed and used to plan meals consistent with specific nutritional standards (15/30/55 between protein, fat and carbohydrate on the total energy intake, typically Mediterranean). These food preparations have been tested through sensory analysis methods. The next step is the extension of "nutritional optimization" concept to the "environmental optimization” one, owing to the presumed lower environmental impact of the Mediterranean diet. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is the technique used to assess the environmental impact of various food products, such as frozen vegetables, cured meats, dairy products. A further step is the creation of a communication tool, a new environmental label, designed to be used by companies to communicate their environmental performance and therefore their commitment to continuous improvement, and by consumers to obtain more information on the environmental impact of the foods daily consumed, in order to increase their critical sense and make purchases in a conscious way.
39
Piaro, Bemene. "Assessment of the Nutritional Impact of Mercy Corps Kyrgyzstan's Food for Education 2010 Program." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/254.
Full textAbstract:
Undernutrition is a major public health problem, contributing to 33% of deaths in infants and young children globally. In Kygryzstan, Central Asia, Mercy Corps provided 6 metric tons of rice, flour and oil as well as nutrition education to kindergartens in 40 rural regions, serving 41,000 children, for one year. Anthropometric measurements were collected at the beginning and end of the program (10 months later). Children, who were stunted, wasted and underweight at baseline, recovered by follow-up, with rates of recovery of 50%, 65% and 50%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in the population decreased from 13.8%, 3.4% and 3.2%, respectively, to 8.6%, 2.1% and 2.3%, respectively. These results are particularly significant as the dearth of research on pre-school feeding’s impact on growth and nutrition has led to this particular intervention being deemed ineffective for improvement of nutritional outcome.
40
Lumbers, Margaret. "Assessment of nutritional status and clinical outcome : a study of elderly female orthopaedic patients." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2214/.
Full text
41
Bajaj, Honey. "Design of mobile health tools for assessment of health and nutritional status in children." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113507.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 71).
Introduction and Motivation: In India, more than 700,000 accredited social health activists (ASHAs) are women selected and trained to work between members of their communities and the public health system. In spite of much advancement in screening tools and best practices in the healthcare system to date, service for members of the bottom of the pyramid remains largely unchanged. ASHA workers need user friendly tools and job aids that would enable them to -- Conduct health-care screenings and consultations -- Educating communities on basic health-care practices -- Confidence to advise medical referrals for patients. Most of the existing solutions designed and deployed in the field ignore issues like context of rural/urban settings (language, living conditions), digital illiteracy, and portability. Proposed Solution: Mobile Kit for Assessment of Child Health and Nutrition In order to address the problem described above, the Mobile Technology Group, headed by Dr. Fletcher, is developing a smart phone based kit that will assist with the basic tasks that an ASHA health worker is required to perform. These measurements include: -- Baby's weight -- Baby's height -- Baby's thermal regulation (which is an indicator of health) -- Baby's cardiovascular health (heart rate, pulse oximetry) - Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), which is an indicator of the nutritional status. The electronics and computer software for these tools is being implemented by another graduate student, Xavier Soriano. However, I am responsible for the product design, interaction design, and evaluation of the technology. Primary Research Objectives: 1. To help design the non-invasive mobile based tools for assessing and health and nutritional status of children under 5 years to be used by community health workers in urban poor settlements of India 2. To test, evaluate and assess the ease of use of these tools by community health workers
by Honey Bajaj.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
42
Al-Saderi, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed. "Nutritional status assessment of the technical and vocational students' community in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1991. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5013/.
Full textAbstract:
The General Organization for Technical Education and Vocational Training, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a special feeding program for the students at its institutions. The effects of this program on the nutritional and health status of these students have not been evaluated yet, and since no published dietary research has been performed on Technical and Vocational young adult male students, the present work was undertaken to investigate the nutritional status of this community in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After a pilot survey, it was decided to use a selfcompleted questionnaire combined with personal interview to investigate the nutritional status of 690 students randomly selected from the study population. Dietary data was collected by two methods: usual weekly intakes "diet history" and actual daily intakes "diet diary". The nutrient intakes were calculated using the unilever Dietary Analysis Program (UNIDAP). The statistical Package for the social Science (SPSS/PC+) was employed to analyse the data; statistical significance of relationships between certain sets of data was determined by chi-square analysis. Some general factors affecting the nutritional status of these students were identified, their nutritional habits and attitudes were investigated, and the average daily intakes of energy, the macronutrients, and selected micronutrients were calculated. The main results of this study shows that the majority of the study population are adolescent, moderately active individuals, and have lower than the standard range of the Body Mass Index; anaemia is the most stated health problem; meal-skipping and eating between meals are common habits amongst the students. Regarding nutrient intake, there was an energy, polyunsaturated fat, and vitamin C deficiency; adequate intake of saturated fat, dietary fibre, retinol, and zinc; more than adequate intake of protein, total fat, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, and iron. Recommendations are given which aim to improve the nutrition of technical and vocational students.
43
Weber, Amy M. "Assessment of Nutritional Subsidies to Freshwater Mussels Using a Multiple Natural Abundance Isotope Approach." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420715871.
Full text
44
Madril, Peter. "Nutritional Assessment of Chronic Pancreatitis Patients Utilizing A Web-based Food Frequency Tool: VioScreen." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461188854.
Full text
45
Clark, John. "Assessment of nutritional status, physical activity, social support at the Northern Kentucky Sanitation District." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562842559108558.
Full text
46
Harrison, Elizabeth. "A prospective assessment of gastrointestinal disease and nutritional status in patients with systemic sclerosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-prospective-assessment-of-gastrointestinal-disease-and-nutritional-status-in-patients-with-systemic-sclerosis(683a2e56-8b59-4202-882f-5f22a98f46e0).html.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Malnutrition and gastrointestinal (GI) involvement are common in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Despite malnutrition being common, little is known about its associations and predictors. Although patients are frequently screened and assessed for malnutrition, different clinically applicable assessment modalities in SSc have not been compared. An understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and energy expenditure is important for nutritional assessment and management. However, studies have not compared these. For many years, home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been used in patients with intestinal failure, but little outcome data exists to support its role in SSc. GI involvement results in dysmotility, the underlying mechanism for the development of which is unknown. However, autonomic dysfunction has been proposed. Aims: To explore aspects of the nutritional assessment and management of patients with SSc. To seek associations and predictors of nutritional decline. To investigate for a link between GI dysmotility and autonomic dysfunction. Methods: Study 1: A retrospective review of the survival and outcome data of patients commenced on HPN over 22 years. Study 2: An assessment of 168 patients recruited over 12 months and restudied after approximately 1 year. Assessment included demographics, clinical data, GI and functional questionnaires, nutrition screening tool, oral aperture, mid-upper arm and 4-site anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and biochemical testing. Re-study included weight change. Study 3: A 3 day assessment of dietary intake and energy expenditure using food record charts and SenseWear® Armband involving 36 patients recruited to Study 2. Study 4: Patients and matched controls completed GI and autonomic questionnaires, an autonomic battery, a gastric emptying study and postprandial cardiovascular measures and GI sensations and symptoms scores. Results: Study 1: The cumulative probabilities of surviving on HPN at 2, 5 and 10 years were 75%, 37% and 23%. HPN-associated complication rates were low. Study 2: Nutritional screening failed to identify all patients who lost weight. Mid-arm circumference correlated with body mass index (BMI) and weight change. Four-site anthropometry correlated with BMI more strongly (r=0.65 vs. r=0.49) than bioelectrical impedance analysis. Small intestinal, but not oesophageal, involvement correlated with baseline nutritional status. No clear predictors of nutritional decline were identified. Study 3: Predicted energy intakes correlated with measured expenditures, but absolute values differed. Energy intakes did not correlate with expenditures. Study 4: Autonomic measures did not correlate with gastric emptying. However, autonomic results were hindered by patient-related and technical limitations. Conclusion: Nutritional screening tools cannot be relied upon to detect all at risk patients. MAC and 4-site anthropometry may have a role in nutritional assessment. When an accurate appreciation of energy requirements is needed, kinematic monitors should be used rather than predictive equations. For those patients who progress to intestinal failure, HPN is safe and effective. Autonomic studies were inconclusive. However, the autonomic apparatus has been refined for utilisation in more definitive studies in younger patients.
47
Namusoke, Hanifa K. "Nutritional status of Ugandan women living with HIV/AIDS : anthropometry and body composition assessment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61617/1/Hanifa_Namusoke_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDs) reduces immune function, resulting in opportunistic infections and later death. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases chances of survival, however, with some concerns regarding fat re-distribution (lipodystrophy) which may encompass subcutaneous fat loss (lipoatrophy) and/or fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy), in the same individual. This problem has been linked to Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), majorly, in the class of protease inhibitors (PIs), in addition to older age and being female. An additional concern is that the problem exists together with the metabolic syndrome, even when nutritional status/ body composition, and lipodystrophy/metabolic syndrome are unclear in Uganda where the use of ARVs is on the increase.
In line with the literature, the overall aim of the study was to assess physical characteristics of HIV-infected patients using a comprehensive anthropometric protocol and to predict body composition based on these measurements and other standardised techniques. The other aim was to establish the existence of lipodystrophy, the metabolic syndrome, andassociated risk factors. Thus, three studies were conducted on 211 (88 ART-naïve) HIV-infected, 15-49 year-old women, using a cross-sectional approach, together with a qualitative study of secondary information on patient HIV and medication status. In addition, face-to-face interviews were used to extract information concerning morphological experiences and life style. The study revealed that participants were on average 34.1±7.65 years old, had lived 4.63±4.78 years with HIV infection and had spent 2.8±1.9 years receiving ARVs. Only 8.1% of participants were receiving PIs and 26% of those receiving ART had ever changed drug regimen, 15.5% of whom changed drugs due to lipodystrophy.
Study 1 hypothesised that the mean nutritional status and predicted percent body fat values of study participants was within acceptable ranges; different for participants receiving ARVs and the HIV-infected ART-naïve participants and that percent body fat estimated by anthropometric measures (BMI and skinfold thickness) and the BIA technique was not different from that predicted by the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Using the Body Mass Index (BMI), 7.1% of patients were underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) and 46.4% were overweight/obese (≥25.0 kg/m2). Based on waist circumference (WC), approximately 40% of the cohort was characterized as centrally obese. Moreover, the deuterium dilution technique showed that there was no between-group difference in the total body water (TBW), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). However, the technique was the only approach to predict a between-group difference in percent body fat (p = .045), but, with a very small effect (0.021). Older age (β = 0.430, se = 0.089, p = .000), time spent receiving ARVs (β = 0.972, se = 0.089, p = .006), time with the infection (β = 0.551, se = 0.089, p = .000) and receiving ARVs (β = 2.940, se = 1.441, p = .043) were independently associated with percent body fat. Older age was the greatest single predictor of body fat. Furthermore, BMI gave better information than weight alone could; in that, mean percentage body fat per unit BMI (N = 192) was significantly higher in patients receiving treatment (1.11±0.31) vs. the exposed group (0.99±0.38, p = .025). For the assessment of obesity, percent fat measures did not greatly alter the accuracy of BMI as a measure for classifying individuals into the broad categories of underweight, normal and overweight. Briefly, Study 1 revealed that there were more overweight/obese participants than in the general Ugandan population, the problem was associated with ART status and that BMI broader classification categories were maintained when compared with the gold standard technique.
Study 2 hypothesized that the presence of lipodystrophy in participants receiving ARVs was not different from that of HIV-infected ART-naïve participants. Results showed that 112 (53.1%) patients had experienced at least one morphological alteration including lipohypertrophy (7.6%), lipoatrophy (10.9%), and mixed alterations (34.6%). The majority of these subjects (90%) were receiving ARVs; in fact, all patients receiving PIs reported lipodystrophy. Period spent receiving ARVs (t209 = 6.739, p = .000), being on ART (χ2 = 94.482, p = .000), receiving PIs (Fisher’s exact χ2 = 113.591, p = .000), recent T4 count (CD4 counts) (t207 = 3.694, p = .000), time with HIV (t125 = 1.915, p = .045), as well as older age (t209 = 2.013, p = .045) were independently associated with lipodystrophy. Receiving ARVs was the greatest predictor of lipodystrophy (p = .000). In other analysis, aside from skinfolds at the subscapular (p = .004), there were no differences with the rest of the skinfold sites and the circumferences between participants with lipodystrophy and those without the problem. Similarly, there was no difference in Waist: Hip ratio (WHR) (p = .186) and Waist: Height ratio (WHtR) (p = .257) among participants with lipodystrophy and those without the problem. Further examination showed that none of the 4.1% patients receiving stavudine (d4T) did experience lipoatrophy. However, 17.9% of patients receiving EFV, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) had lipoatrophy. Study 2 findings showed that presence of lipodystrophy in participants receiving ARVs was in fact far higher than that of HIV-infected ART-naïve participants.
A final hypothesis was that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in participants receiving ARVs was not different from that of HIV-infected ART-naïve participants. Moreover, data showed that many patients (69.2%) lived with at least one feature of the metabolic syndrome based on International Diabetic Federation (IDF, 2006) definition. However, there was no single anthropometric predictor of components of the syndrome, thus, the best anthropometric predictor varied as the component varied. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 15.2% of the subjects, lower than commonly reported in this population, and was similar between the medicated and the exposed groups (χ 21 = 0.018, p = .893). Moreover, the syndrome was associated with older age (p = .031) and percent body fat (p = .012). In addition, participants with the syndrome were heavier according to BMI (p = .000), larger at the waist (p = .000) and abdomen (p = .000), and were at central obesity risk even when hip circumference (p = .000) and height (p = .000) were accounted for. In spite of those associations, results showed that the period with disease (p = .13), CD4 counts (p = .836), receiving ART (p = .442) or PIs (p = .678) were not associated with the metabolic syndrome. While the prevalence of the syndrome was highest amongst the older, larger and fatter participants, WC was the best predictor of the metabolic syndrome (p = .001). Another novel finding was that participants with the metabolic syndrome had greater arm muscle circumference (AMC) (p = .000) and arm muscle area (AMA) (p = .000), but the former was most influential. Accordingly, the easiest and cheapest indicator to assess risk in this study sample was WC should routine laboratory services not be feasible. In addition, the final study illustrated that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in participants receiving ARVs was not different from that of HIV-infected ART-naïve participants.
48
Pirie, Katrina Ishbel. "The development of food-based nutrition education and dietary assessment tools for prepubescent children." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340365.
Full text
49
Ferdous, Tamanna. "Determinants and Functional Impact of Nutritional Status Among Older Persons in Rural Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107369.
Full text
50
Hudgens, Jan Elizabeth. "Better nutritional status as measured by the mini nutritional assessment tool is associated with increased immune response in elderly nursing home residents with pressure ulcers." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002240.
Full text