Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nutritional aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Nutritional aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 March 2023

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

1

F.A., Daminov. "Some Aspects of Nutritional Nutrition for Early Prevention of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Burned." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 7961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020745.

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Rylova, N. V., A. S. Samoylov, A. V. Zholinsky, and I. V. Bolshakov. "Actual aspects of sports nutrition in children." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 5 (December 9, 2021): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-5-240-245.

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The article highlights the modern problems of nutrition for junior athletes. The authors outline the role of the nutritional plan as an integral part of sports training, as well as a factor in the healthy growth and development of a young athlete. They describe the features of the nutritional status of athletes. The article notes the need for educational programs in the field of balanced nutrition, the use of nutritional supplements and sports products among junior athletes.
3

Rice, Marylynne A., and Richard H. Haas. "The Nutritional Aspects of Rett Syndrome." Journal of Child Neurology 3, no. 1_suppl (January 1988): S35—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073888003001s08.

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Nutrition is a major problem for the Rett patient. We have studied 21 girls with Rett syndrome (19 typical, two atypical). We report our experience in this population with the nutritional aspects of Rett syndrome, the typical dietary habits, and various nutritional deficiencies. Further experience with the use of high fat diets is reported. (J Child Neurol 1988;3(Suppl):S35-S42).
4

Richards, Nerida, Brian D. Nielsen, and Carrie J. Finno. "Nutritional and Non-nutritional Aspects of Forage." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 37, no. 1 (April 2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2020.12.002.

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Wirakartakusumah, Moehammad Aman, and Purwiyatno Hariyadi. "Technical Aspects of Food Fortification." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 2 (January 1998): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900203.

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The nutritional status of the population is one of the important factors determining the quality and productivity of the population, which in turn affects national productivity. In the long term, good nutritional status contributes to the intelligence and health of the population. Consequently, programmes directed at improving the nutritional status of the population will undoubtedly be a high priority in the national development scheme of any country, developed or developing. Food fortification, i.e., the addition of nutrients to specific foods based on the dietary habits and nutritional status of the target population, is one of the most popular nutritional interventions for improving the population's nutritional status. For food-fortification programmes to be successful, their technical aspects need to be carefully assessed. These include the nutritional justification for food fortification, the acceptability of the fortified food product to consumers (both cost and taste), and any technical or analytical limitation to compliance with food regulations and labeling requirements. Important technical aspects of developing effective food-fortification programmes are the choice of food carrier, nutrient interactions, bioavailability of nutrients, stability of nutrients added under anticipated conditions of storage and processing (food preparation at the household level), and safety. A good fortified product should not cause nutrition imbalance, and excessive intake of nutrients should not have adverse effects. To provide better information for the consumer, the concept of overage should be introduced. Overage is the use of kinetic data on nutrient stability to calculate the amount of added nutrient so that the anticipated level of the nutrient at the end of the product's shelf life is in accordance with the level indicated on the label.
6

Malhotra, Parveen, Naveen Malhotra, Vani Malhotra, Aman Gupta, Pansi Gupta Ajay Chugh, Abhishek Chaturvedi, and Parul Chandrika. "Nutritional aspects in lactation." Journal of Nutrition Research 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55289/jnutres/v5i1.2.

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The present study was conducted to determine the consciousness of lactating women (0-6 months) towards betterment of their health. Fifty lactating women participated in this study. The demographic profile indicated predominance of lactating women to be in the age group of 22-32 years, belonging to nuclear family and house owned by her husband. The 24 hour recall showed a better consumption pattern of pulses and milk or milk products in the diet. Physical activity was also adopted by lactating women for the betterment of their health. Consciousness among lactating women for the betterment of their health was assessed through a questionnaire. On analysis, it was concluded that they were little conscious about their health. They were consuming diet rich in fat but low in carbohydrates and proteins.
7

Laville, Maurice, and Denis Fouque. "Nutritional aspects in hemodialysis." Kidney International 58 (August 2000): S133—S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.07617.x.

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Keusch, G. T., and M. J. G. Farthing. "Nutritional Aspects of AIDS." Annual Review of Nutrition 10, no. 1 (July 1990): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.002355.

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Marcus, Robert. "Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.4.600a.

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COURSIN, DAVID B. "Nutritional and Clinical Aspects." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 585, no. 1 Vitamin B6 (May 1990): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb28078.x.

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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

1

Fidgett, Andrea. "Nutritional aspects of breeding birds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392567.

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Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.

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3

Chehade, Joyce P. "Nutritional status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55487.

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The present study was performed to determine whether ongoing oxidative stress in some BPD infants contributes to their increased energy expenditure leading to growth failure. The study consisted of two parts. The first is a descriptive census of BPD infants (n = 38) followed at the outpatient clinics at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). The second is a cross-sectional study of fifteen patients wherein anthropometric parameters, energy intake, and oxidative stress measures (red cell glutathione (GSH) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed. Nine infants with growth failure were compared to six thriving infants with respect to their nutritional and oxidative stress status. Growth failure was defined as weight for age and weight for height for age less than the tenth percentile (z score $ leq - 1).$ Results revealed that the prevalence of growth failure in the BPD infants followed at MCH ranged between 45% and 55%. The mean ($ pm$ SD) energy intakes for thriving and failing to thrive infants expressed as a percent of the recommended nutrient intake were 104 $ pm$ 46% and 133 $ pm$ 35% respectively. Six infants had reduced mean ($ pm$ SD) blood glutathione per hemoglobin (3.63 $ pm$ 0.37 umol/g) compared to adult controls (6.57 $ pm$ 1.04 umol/g). Four of the six infants had growth failure while two were thriving. Fourteen Infants including all failing to thrive infants had elevated mean ($ pm$ SD) plasma MDA levels compared to adult controls (129 $ pm$ 48 vs 55 $ pm$ 3 nmol/l). Differences in oxidative stress markers were not observed between the two groups. These results suggest that growth failure is associated with an increase in caloric consumption and not with a decrease in caloric intake. The preliminary findings on oxidative stress markers suggest a depletion of the GSH antioxidant in some infants and marked lipid peroxidation in the BPD population.
4

MAGNANO, SAN LIO EUGENIA. "Innovative Nutritional Aspects of locally produced Italian cheeses." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/779.

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Il formaggio sta dimostrando possedere, oltre alle caratteristiche nutrizionali classiche, degli aspetti nutrizionali innovati derivanti dalle proprietà di peptidi bioattivi contenuti nella frazione proteica caseinica del formaggio e rilasciati in seguito a proteolisi, ed ancora dalle proprietà di acidi grassi insaturi, quale l’acido linoleico coniugato. L’obiettivo di tale studio di dottorato è stato indagare su questi aspetti nutrizionali innovativi in formaggi tipici italiani quali Grana Padano e TrentinGrana, che pur essendo due formaggi molto simili tra loro, differiscono per l’uso della molecola antibatterica lisozima solo per la produzione del Grana Padano. Simulazioni in vitro della digestione gastrointestinale, nei campioni dei due formaggi a diversi tempi di stagionatura, ha dimostrato che esiste una relazione positiva tra tempo di stagionatura e digeribilità del calcio nel Grana Padano ,quando vengono considerati nella correlazione i risultati dei campioni con stagionatura superiore ai 24 mesi. A tempi di stagionatura inferiori a 24 mesi, i risultati di digeribilità del calcio del Grana Padano sono dispersi come appare nei campioni di TrentinGrana analizzati. Inoltre l’analisi RP-HPLC della distribuzione molecolare degli oligopeptidi dei campioni dei due formaggi, dimostra che la frazione peptidica coinvolta nel legame del calcio e quindi nel suo assorbimento, è quella compresa tra 1000 e 1500 D, e che l’analisi Seldi ha rilevato essere quella dei peptidi attivi fosfocaseinici. Inoltre differenze tra i due formaggi con e senza lisozima, appaiono solo per campioni tra 15 e 20 mesi di stagionatura, in cui campioni di formaggio senza lisozima appaiono più idrolizzati di quelli che lo contengono. Quindi dai risultati ottenuti appare che le differenze del profilo peptidico apportate dal lisozima non modificano le proprietà dei fosfopeptidi di assorbimento del calcio, forse influenzate da altri fattori che intervengono nella produzione del formaggio. L’attività ACE-inibitoria di abbassamento della pressione arteriosa esercitata da peptidi bioattivi è stata testata nei due formaggi, dimostrando che né il tempo di stagionatura e il grado di proteolisi, né il lisozima sono correlati all’attività ACE-inibitoria. Ed infine per l’importante ruolo che ha il minerale calcio nella dieta, indici di digeribilità del minerale in diversi alimenti sono stati considerati, in modo da poter formulare in maniera corretta diete alimentari coprendo il fabbisogno giornaliero con l’adeguato apporto energetico. I formaggi hanno dimostrato possedere indici di digeribilità del calcio superiori ad altri alimenti vegetali o a base di soia. In particolare il valore di digeribilità del Calcio del Grana Padano calcolato in vitro ha confermato il valore ottenuto in vivo , pari a 80%.
This study aimed to investigate about the not common known nutritional aspects of cheeses, which derive from their chemical components. In fact, in addition to the supply of macronutrient, cheeses are gaining interest as a source of bioactive peptides, of conjugated linoleic acid or for the new insight in the metabolic role of calcium. In vitro simulation of human gastrointestinal digestion revealed that cheeses have an higher digestibility of calcium than other foods, because of their casein-derived bioactive phosphopetides (CPPs) content has the ability to carry calcium minerals and avoid calcium precipitation, making it available for intestinal absorption. The in vitro calcium digestibility was calculated for different foods- cheeses, soya based foods and vegetables- to correct cover calcium requirements with an equilibrate energy intake. Calcium digestibility was also assessed in different ripened time Italian locally produced, semi fat, hard cheeses, Grana Padano and TrentinGrana. The main difference between them is the use or not of lysozyme during manufacturing. In Grana Padano samples, produced using lysozyme, there is a positive relationship between aging and dCa (r2 = 0.27; P<0.05) when sample > 24 months aged are considered (Grana Padano dCa results of samples less 24 months aged are quite widespread) , while in TrentinGrana, produced without the use of lysozyme, no significant correlation has been detected. RP-HPLC distribution analysis of oligopeptides molecular weight of these cheese showed that the only difference between them is that cheeses without lyzozyme, aged between 15 and 20 months, are more hydrolyzed than the same ripened time Grana Padano samples. Moreover the fraction of oligopeptides involved in calcium binding ranges between 1000 and 1500 D. SELDI analysis confirmed CPPs presence in this range. Therefore changes in cheese peptidic profiles probably caused by the use of lysozyme do not influence calcium digestibility because according to this study there is not a connection between change in peptidic profile and calcium digestibility results. The difference in calcium digestibility in Grana Padano samples aged over 24 month results should be probably ascribed also to the influence of other factors occurring during cheese manufacturing. Moreover, ACE-inhibitory activity of bioactive peptides was tested on in vitro digested Grana Padano and TrentinGrana samples with different ripening times. Correlation was not found between ACE-inhibitory activity and proteolysis level in different ripened time samples nor the lysozyme influence in releasing ACE-inhibitory bioactive peptides.
5

Johansson, Madelene. "Analytical and nutritional aspects of folate in cereals /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200507.pdf.

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6

Zanotto, Flavia Pinheiro. "Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutritional homeostasis in locusts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306907.

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7

Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.

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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.
8

Hersey, Sarah Koltenbah. "The effect of folate intake and extended lactation on material serum, red cell and milk folate status." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041901.

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Maternal folate intake and levels of folate in milk, serum and red cells were assessed in 57 healthy, lactating women, ages 22-38 years, throughout early (0-6 months) and later (7-23 months) lactation. Average maternal folate intake from diet alone was 212 µg/day or 78.5% RDA (1989) and mean total folate intake from diet and supplements was 314% RDA (878 µg/day) at 0-6 months and 238% RDA (620 µg/day) at >6 months. Human milk folate was sufficient to meet the RDA (1989) for infants. Milk folate was not related to maternal folate intake, maternal serum or red cell folate and was unaffected by extended lactation (7-23 months), perhaps at the expense of maternal folate stores. Compared with early lactation, serum folate decreased (p=0.0004) and red cell folate tended to decrease (p=0.08) in later lactation and were both increased by folate supplementation (p < 0.001).Level of folic acid supplementation appeared to predict red cell folate concentration. An average of 884 µg supplemental folate/day was associated with red cell folate levels >400 ng/mL, which have previously been reported as optimal for prevention of folateresponsive neural tube defects. The addition of an 880 µg/day folic acid supplement to the diet of lactating women may raise red cell folate concentrations of lactating women to protective levels.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
9

Kennedy, Roy Donovan. "Effects of a micronutrient, glutamine, pre- and probiotic enriched liquid supplement on nutritional status and immunity of adults with HIV/AIDS : a pilot study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53403.

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Thesis (Mnutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a new micronutrient, glutamine, pre- and probiotic enriched liquid nutritional supplement on the nutritional status and immunity of adults living with HIV/AIDS. The study was designed as a prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were HIV-infected male and female adult volunteers (n = 47) from a community-based hospice centre in a peri-urban area in a resource-poor setting and were included irrespective of duration or clinical stage of HIV/AIDS. None of the subjects received antiretroviral therapy. METHOD: The intervention involved the daily ingestion of 40g (200 ml reconstituted) of either the enriched test product or an lsocalorie carbohydrate placebo for a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height and triceps skinfold thickness; mid-upper arm, waist and hip circumferences) was performed at baseline and thereafter every 4 weeks (4 times). Biochemical (serum total protein, serum albumin and C-reactive protein) and haematological (full blood count and immunophenotyping) assessment was performed at baseline and again after week 12. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of baseline values was performed with Wilcoxon two-sample tests for comparison between the supplemented and placebo groups. Outcomes were evaluated using analysis of variance with Shapiro-Wilk tests and thereafter either pair-wise t-tests or sign tests (for nonparametric data) were used. Thirty-two subjects completed the trial, 14 in the supplemented group and 18 in the placebo group. Weight increased significantly in the supplemented group (2.73 ± 3.53 kg, P = 0.013). Triceps skinfold thickness increased significantly in both the supplemented (p = 0.047) and placebo group (p = 0.001). No other significant anthropometric change was observed. Serum albumin increased significantly in the supplemented group (p = 0.003) and was associated with a significant decline in C-reactive protein (p = 0.028). Haemoglobin decreased significantly in both groups. A significant decline in CD4+ count was observed in the placebo group while the decline in the supplemented group did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: Oral nutritional supplementation in limited quantities was well tolerated for a period of 3 months. This study demonstrated that an enriched nutritional supplement was able to promote weight gain and ameliorate hypoalbuminaemia and possibly inflammation in adults living with HIV/AIDS in the short to medium term. The enriched nutritional supplement does not appear to have an effect on the immunity of people with HIV/AIDS. The small sample is a limitation of the study and the conclusions pertain to the test product as a whole and not to any of its respective ingredients. Although further studies are required to evaluate long-term feasibility, these findings suggest that the use of an enriched nutritional supplement has a role in the management of weight loss in persons with HIV/AIDS.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Die doel van hierdie loodsstudie was om die uitwerking van 'n nuwe mikronutriënt, glutamien, pre- en probiotika verrykte voedingsaanvulling in vloeistof vorm te ondersoek. Die studie is ontwerp as 'n prospektiewe ewekansige dubbelblinde plasebogekontroleerde toets. Proefpersone was MIV-geïnfekteerde manlike and vroulike vrywilligers (n = 47) van 'n gemeenskapsgebaseerde hospitium in a semi-stedelike gebied in 'n hulpbron-arme omgewing. Proefpersone is ingesluit ongeag die duur of kliniese graad van MIVNIGS. Geen proefpersoon het antiretrovirale behandeling ontvang nie. METODE: Die intervensie het die daaglikse inname van 40g (200 ml gerekonstitueer) van óf die toetsproduk óf 'n isokaloriese koolhidraatplasebo gedurende 'n 12 week periode behels. Antropometriese evaluering (gewig, lengte en trisepsvelvoudikte; midbo-arm-, middel- en heupomtrekke) is uitgevoer met aanvang en daarna weer elke 4 weke (4 keer). Biochemiese (serum totale protein, serumalbumien en C-reaktiewe protein) en hematologiese (volbloedtelling en immunofenotipering) evaluering is uitgevoer met aanvang en weer na 12 weke. RESULTATE: Statistiese verwerking van basislyndata is gedoen deur middel van Wilcoxon twee-steekproef toetse waarmee vergelyking tussen die aangevulde en plasebogroep uitgevoer is. Studiegevolge is geëvalueer deur verspeidingsanalise met behulp van Shapiro-Wilk toetse waarna óf paargewyse t-toetse óf tekentoetse (vir nie-parametriese data) gebruik is. Twee-en-dertig proefpersone het die studietydperk voltooi, 14 in die aangevulde groep en 18 in die plasebogroep. Gewig het betekenisvol toegeneem in die aangevulde groep (2.73 ± 3.53 kg, p = 0.013). Triseps velvoudikte het betekenisvol toegeneem in beide die aangevulde (p = 0.047) en die plasebogroep (p = 0.001). Geen ander betekenisvolle antropometriese veranderinge is waargeneem nie. Serumalbumien het betekenisvol gestyg in die aangevulde groep (p = 0.003) en het gepaard gegaan met 'n betekenisvolle daling in C-reaktiewe protein (p = 0.028). Hemoglobienwaardes het in beide groepe betekenisvol gedaal. 'n Betekenisvolle daling in CD4+ telling is waargeneem in die plasebogroep terwyl die daling in die aangevulde groep nie betekenisvol was nie. GEVOLGTREKKING: Mondelingse voedingsaanvulling van 'n beperkte hoeveelheid was goed aanvaar en verdra oor 'n 3-maande tydperk. Hierdie studie toon dat 'n verrykte voedingsaanvulling in staat is om gewigstoename te bevorder en om hipoalbumienemie en moontlik ook inflammasie te verlig in volwassenes met MIVNIGS oor 'n kort tot medium tydperk. Die verrykte voedingsaanvulling blyk nie 'n effek op die immuniteit van mense met MIVNIGS te hê nie. Die klein steekproef is 'n beperking van die studie en die gevolgtrekkinge is slegs van toepassing op die toetsproduk as 'n geheel en nie op enige van die onderskeie bestanddele daarvan nie. Hoewel verdere studies nodig geag word om langtermyn uitvoerbaarheid te ondersoek, dui hierdie bevindinge daarop dat die gebruik van 'n verrykte voedingsaanvulling 'n rol speel in die beheer van gewigverlies in persone met MIVNIGS.
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Bekker, Francette. "The provision of healthy food in a school tuck shop : does it influence Bloemfontein primary school learners’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards healthy eating." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71694.

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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction and Objectives: Schools can serve as a supportive environment for the promotion of healthy eating in order to prevent childhood overweight and obesity and the development of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, muscoskeletal disorders and some cancers. Tuck shops at schools often offer unhealthy items that are energy dense and high in fat and/or sugar with a low content of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. The availability of unhealthy items in tuck shops prevents learners from making healthy food choices, since children tend to choose unhealthy foods when given a choice. In addition to unhealthy items offered by tuck shops, learners also bring unhealthy items to school in their lunchboxes. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop on primary school learners’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards healthy eating in a Bloemfontein, Afrikaans medium, co-education primary school, and compare it to learners of a school with a conventional tuck shop. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey with an analytical component, grade 2 to 7 learners in a school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop (n=116) and a school with a conventional tuck shop (n=141) completed a questionnaire. Six learners per grade also took part in focus group discussions. Questions related to lunchbox contents and perceptions, attitudes and behaviour towards the tuck shop and healthy eating. Nutritional information of the items available for purchase at each of the school tuck shops was collected. Results: The lunchboxes of learners in the school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop contained significantly (p<0.05) more healthy items (fruit, water and muffins), as well as significantly more unhealthy items (sweets and chips). The items offered by the nutritionally-regulated tuck shop contained approximately half the kilojoules compared to items offered by the conventional tuck shop. Learners in the school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop liked certain fruits and vegetables significantly (p<0.05) more than learners in the school with a conventional tuck shop. Statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between different grades and gender showed that grade 2 learners in both schools had a less positive attitude towards certain fruit and vegetables compared to the older learners, while girls in both schools were more positive towards certain fruits and vegetables compared to boys. Younger learners had a more positive attitude towards their nutritionally-regulated tuck shop than older learners. In both schools learners had similar perceptions regarding the particular school’s tuck shop and healthy eating. Conclusion: The hypothesis that learners in a school with a nutritionally-regulated tuck shop have positive attitudes, perceptions and behaviour towards healthy eating was rejected. The availability of healthier items in a school tuck shop had a positive influence on certain behaviours and attitudes of learners, but the potential value of controlling the type of items available for purchase at schools might be counteracted by lunchbox contents, certain fixed eating patterns, perceptions of learners and previous exposure to a conventional tuck shop. Recommendations include a multi-pronged approach such as the Health Promoting Schools concept.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding en doelwitte: Skole bied ‘n omgewing waar goeie eetgewoontes bevorder kan word ten einde oorgewig en vetsug in kinders te voorkom, asook die ontwikkeling van nie-oordraagbare siektes soos kardiovaskulêre siektes, tipe-2 diabetes mellitus, lewervervetting sindroom, ortopediese komplikasies en sekere soorte kanker. Snoepies in skole voorsien meestal ongesonde items met ‘n hoë energie, vet- en/of suikerinhoud en wat laag is in vitamiene, minerale en dieetvesel. Die beskikbaarheid van ongesonde items in snoepies verhoed dat leerders gesonde voelselkeuses uitoefen, omdat kinders geneig is om voorkeur aan ongesonde kos te gee as hulle 'n keuse gebied word. Benewens die ongesonde items wat snoepies aanbied, neem leerders boonop ongesonde kos in hul kosblikke skooltoe. Die doel van die studie was om by 'n Afrikaans dubbelmedium laerskool in Bloemfontein die invloed van ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie op leerders se persepsies, houdings en gedrag teenoor gesonde eetgewoontes te ondersoek en te vergelyk met leerders in 'n skool met 'n konvensionele snoepie. Metodes: In ‘n deursnit-opname met ‘n analitiese komponent, het graad 2 tot 7 leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie (n=116) en ‘n skool met ‘n konvensionele snoepie (n=141), ‘n vraelys ingevul. Ses leerders in elke graad in elk van die skole het ook aan fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem. Vrae het oor die inhoud van kosblikke, asook persepsies, houding en gedrag teenoor die snoepie en gesonde eetgewoontes, gehandel. Voedingsinligting rakende die items wat in elk van die skole se snoepies verkoop word, is ook ingesamel. Resultate: Die kosblikke van leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie het statisties beduidend (p<0.05) meer gesonde items bevat (vrugte, water en muffins), maar ook beduidend meer ongesonde items (lekkergoed en aartappelskyfies). Voedsel-items wat in die voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie beskikbaar was, het omtrent die helfte minder energie bevat as voedsel-items wat in die konvensionele snoepie beskikbaar was. Leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie het beduidend (p<0.05) meer van sekere groente en vrugte gehou as leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n konvensionele snoepie. Statisties beduidende (p<0.05) verskille tussen verskillende grade en die houding van verskillende geslagte dui daarop dat graad 2 leerders in albei skole minder positief gevoel het oor sekere groente en vrugte as ouer leerders, terwyl meisies in albei skole ‘n meer positiewe houding teenoor sekere groente en vrugte getoon het as seuns. Jonger leerders het ‘n meer positiewe houding teenoor hulle voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie getoon as ouer leerders. In albei skole het leerders soortgelyke persepsies rondom hul onderskeie skole se snoepies en gesonde eetgewoontes openbaar. Gevolgtrekking: Die hipotese dat leerders in ‘n skool met ‘n voedingkundig-gereguleerde snoepie positiewe persepsies, houding en gedrag teenoor gesonde eetgewoontes toon is nie aanvaar nie. Die beskikbaarheid van gesonder items in ‘n skoolsnoepie het 'n positiewe invloed op sekere eetgewoontes en houdings van die leerders, maar die potensiële waarde daarvan om die tipes voedsel wat by skole te koop aangebied word te reguleer mag egter teengewerk word deur kosblikke se inhoud asook sekere vaste eetpatrone, persepsies van leerders en vorige blootstelling aan ‘n konvensionele snoepie. ‘n Veelvoudige benadering soos die konsep van ‘n Gesondheidbevorderingskool word aanbeveel.
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Books on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

1

H, Chen Linda, ed. Nutritional aspects of aging. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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1909-, Bourne Geoffrey H., ed. Aspects of nutritional physiology. Basel: Karger, 1988.

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Brennan, Rosemary Anne Theresa. Nutritional aspects of cancer. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1986.

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Burckhardt, Peter, Bess Dawson-Hughes, and Robert P. Heaney, eds. Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2228-6.

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Peter, Burckhardt, Dawson-Hughes Bess, Heaney Robert Proulx 1927-, Serono Symposia USA, Serono Symposia S.A. (Geneva, Switzerland), and Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis (1997 : Lausanne, Switzerland), eds. Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. New York: Springer, 1998.

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Foundation, British Nutrition, ed. Nutritional aspects of fish. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1986.

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Foundation, British Nutrition, ed. Nutritional aspects of meat. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1988.

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Groom, Hilary. Nutritional aspects of fish. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1993.

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Peter, Burckhardt, and Heaney Robert Proulx 1927-, eds. Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. New York: Raven Press, 1991.

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European Academy of Nutritional Sciences. Symposium. New aspects of nutritional status. Edited by Somogyi J. C, Elmadfa I, and Walter Paul 1933-. Basel: Karger, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

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Mees, Evert J. Dorhout. "Nutritional aspects." In Cardiovascular Aspects of Dialysis Treatment, 118–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0973-6_12.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects." In Whey and Lactose Processing, 449–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2894-0_12.

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Harding, F. "Nutritional aspects." In Milk Quality, 151–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2195-2_11.

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Dunitz-Scheer, Marguerite, and Peter J. Scheer. "Nutritional Aspects." In Child-led Tube-management and Tube-weaning, 73–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09090-5_9.

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Shafaq, Shahneel, and Abrar Hussain. "Rice Nutritional Aspects." In Modern Techniques of Rice Crop Production, 721–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4955-4_35.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects of Cheese." In Milk, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_20.

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Mault, J. R., and R. H. Bartlett. "Nutritional Aspects of Hemofiltration." In Hemofiltration, 253–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69665-7_15.

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Shrimpton, D. H. "Nutritional aspects of vitamins." In The Technology of Vitamins in Food, 42–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2131-0_3.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects of Cheese." In Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, 557–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2650-6_15.

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Trottier, Nathalie, and Ryan Walker. "Nutritional Aspects of Proteins." In Applied Food Protein Chemistry, 113–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118860588.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

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Cozma, Antoanela. "NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FRESH AND COMMERCIAL FRUIT JUICES." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/63/s25.037.

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S.F., Kochetkova, Mekhantseva I.Yu., Zolotov N.A., and Krotova O.E. "ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SESAME SEEDS AS ADDITIVES IN COTTAGE CHEESE PRODUCTS OF HERODIETIC ORIENTATION." In OF THE ANNIVERSARY Х INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION» («ITSE 2022» CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2022.92-96.

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The article discusses the main aspects of herodietic nutrition and, in connection with them, the properties and nutritional value of sesame as an additive. The analysis and comparison of sesame products – sesame seeds, sesame cake and sesame flour from sesame cake, and also the rationale for their use in cottage cheese products of herodietic orientation is given.
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Филатова, Анастасия Александровна, and Елена Ивановна Козленко. "INCREASING HEALTH WITHIN NUTRITION." In Psychology, Sports science and Medicine (Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение): сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/221030.2022.12.55.008.

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Система питания - достаточно широкое понятие, используемое для описания комплексного процесса, включающего выбор пищи, оценку и расчет ее питательной и энергетической ценности, поступление в организм и последующих ее превращений, включая метаболизм и выведение. Нутрициология подходит к питанию комплексно, углубляясь в состав и качество продуктов. Это наука о питании во всех его аспектах: от химии, биологии, молекул и клеток. The nutrition system is a fairly broad concept used to describe a complex process that includes food selection, assessment and calculation of its nutritional and energy value, intake and subsequent transformations, including metabolism and excretion. Nutriciology approaches nutrition in a complex way, delving into the composition and quality of products. It is the science of nutrition in all its aspects: from chemistry, biology, molecules and cells.
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Geitner, Carolin, Falk Schradt, Christina Lang, Patrick Weydt, Beate Lindner-Pfleghar, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Cornelius Werner, Beate Schumann, and Sigurd Süssmuth. "H33 The swallowing disorder in huntington’s disease (hd): an observational study – nutritional aspects." In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.211.

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Williams, Jodi. "Nutritional aspects of insects and the funding environment: SBIR grants and USDA NIFA." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109256.

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Cai, Ruiwen. "Reviewing the Underlying Factors of COVID-19 Induced Depression from Environmental, Nutritional, and Emotional Aspects." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Mental Health, Education and Human Development (MHEHD 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220704.126.

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Ponnuswamy, Aravind, Samina Shah, Jennifer Ironside, Katherine Howells, and Jnaie Burgess. "Nutritional Aspects Of Patients With Acute Exacerbations Of COPD Admitted To A District General Hospital." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5861.

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Albors, A., M. E. Martín-Esparza, G. B. Bressi, and A. Raga. "Technological and nutritional aspects of gluten-free pasta based on chickpea flour and tiger nut flour." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7760.

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Gluten-free (GF) dry egg pappardelle was prepared with tigernut flour (50%), chickpea flour (50%) and pregelatinized TNF (0, 5, 10%), and compared to plain pasta (100% durum wheat semolina). The GF pasta may have a significant higher content of insoluble fibre, minerals and fat rich in oleic acid and a similar protein content. It was not found any clear relationship between the flour functional properties and its proximate composition. The use of PG did not imply an improvement on the firmness but did provide some continuity to the pasta structure. Keywords: Gluten-free pasta, tigernut flour, chickpea flour, texture, cooking properties.
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Beatriz Duarte Gaviao, Maria, and Gabriela De Paula Silva. "Feeding behavior and nutritional aspects of children using an adapted version of Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37284.

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Dugo, Paola, Francesca Rigano, and Luigi Mondello. "Lipidomic analysis in food: The role of a detailed elucidation of intact lipids in functional foods for investigating on nutritional aspects." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/chnd8051.

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The growing demand in natural matrices, representing a source of dietary and nutraceutical molecules, placed, as direct consequence, the urgent need for the development of suitable analytical methods able to provide a comprehensive characterization of both “conventional” and “unconventional” products. In the last decades, lipidomic has emerged as a cutting-edge approach among omics- techniques, since lipids revealed to be essential molecules in the regulation of metabolic pathways. To this regard, the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs), as well as nutritional indices such as the levels of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs and their ratio are essential parameter to evaluate the beneficial properties of food products. In addition, the investigation of complex lipids in their native forms is proved to be crucial to obtain additional information about lipids role and on FA arrangement into each species. For this reason, the present study is aimed to a detailed elucidation of intact lipids in different functional foods, including the profiling of microalgae, hemp products and the wastes of the fish industry. Phospholipids and triacylglycerols were the most representative lipid classes. However, mono- and diacylglycerols, pigments and carotenoids were also detected, representing an added value for the investigated matrices. From an analytical point of view, the use of a recently introduced linear retention index (LRI) approach in LC paved the way for the automatization of the identification process in LC. Furthermore, the use of high-resolution chromatographic techniques (that is UHPLC), even combined with selective tandem MS operation mode allowed for the determination of the entire lipidome with high sensitivity. Finally, the UHPLC-MS/MS platform was coupled to a preparative workstation to fully automatize the analytical work-flow. This also entailed the miniaturization of the lipid extraction procedure, which was compared with a conventional manual procedure, resulting in quite similar quali-quantitative profiles.

Reports on the topic "Nutritional aspects":

1

Rubin, Daniela A., daniel A. Judelson, Daniel J. Driscoll, Michelle Moutappa, and Jie Weiss. Nutritional and Exercise Aspects of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Childhood Obesity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585349.

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Leach, Roland M., Carol V. Gay, Mark Pines, and Shmuel Hurwitz. Developing Nutritional-Management Protocols which Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573994.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were (1) to develop early age short-term restrict feeding protocols which eliminate the incidence of TD without compromising market weight performance and (2) monitor the components of the PTH/PTHrP cascade in conjunction with the development of the protocols in Objective 1. In this investigation it was established that changes in gene expression associated with TD occur as early as 13 days of age. This means that management strategies for the control of this disease must be established during the initial two weeks of rearing. In order to determine a focus for these management strategies, attempts were made to identify the metabolic defect responsible for tibial dyschondroplasia. Therefore, the parathyroid hormone/parathyrod related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) cascade of events was investigated. This emphasis was based on the fact that many nutritional factors that influence TD could be operating through this system. Secondly, the receptor for these peptides acts as the gatekeeper of chondrocyte differentiation. Examination of many aspects of this cascade led to the conclusion that TD is not the direct result of perturbation of this PTH/PTHrP receptor but is likely to develop from an interruption of a pathway downstream from this receptor.
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Lettington, Robert J. L. Small-scale Agriculture and the Nutritional Safeguard under Article 8(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_wp_20031101.

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4

Harris, Jody, Sarah Gibbons, O’Brien Kaaba, Tabitha Hrynick, and Ruth Stirton. A ‘Right to Nutrition’ in Zambia: Linking Rhetoric, Law and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.051.

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Abstract:
Zambians in all walks of life are affected by malnutrition, and working through human rights is one key way to address this injustice. Based on research aiming to understand how a ‘right to nutrition’ is perceived by different actors globally and in Zambia, this brief presents a clear framework for a rights-based approach to nutrition in Zambia. This framework identifies rhetorical, legal and practical functions of human rights, and offers a way to think through clearly how different actors might work on the different aspects of rights. Addressing these three aspects of a right to nutrition all together – instead of by very separate constituencies as happens now – is fundamental to a coherent rights-based approach to nutrition. This brief outlines which actors need to come together – from law and policy, activism and communities, across global, national and local levels – and suggests how to start. It lays out the Zambian policy, legal and practical environment as it stands, and suggests actions to move forward in each of these areas in ways that are consistent with the different aspects of rights. Through these steps, Zambia can become known as a hub of action on a right to nutrition, to join with others in using human rights to address the injustice of malnutrition.
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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Roberts, Tony, and Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.
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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner, and Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.

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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.
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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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Katan, Jaacov, and Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.

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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.

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