Journal articles: 'Nutrition; Refugees'

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Talukder, Shamim Hayder. "Nutrition for Rohingya Refugees." World Nutrition 10, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2019101157-158.

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Influx of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh since August 2017 made a global largest humanitarian crises which has a major concern to build a sustainable nutrition intervention. It is necessary to develop the refugees settlement with a provision of sustainable livelihood and nutrition security, without these any intervention design for them is not humanitarian perspective.

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Sankar, Racha, Adriana Campa, Florence George, Justina Owusu, Catherine Coccia, and Fatma Huffman. "The Effects of Types of Residence and Nutrition Knowledge on Food Insecurity Status Among Syrian Refugees Residing in the State of Florida." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_106.

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Abstract Objectives As a recently arrived vulnerable population, food insecurity might be associated with types of residence and nutrition knowledge among Syrian refugees residing in the State of Florida. We assessed the relationship between food insecurity status, types of residence and nutrition knowledge among Syrian refugees in Florida. Methods In one-on-one sessions, the assessments of nutrition knowledge and food insecurity were completed in 80 households (n = 80, 43 in rural area, 37 in urban area). The outcome measures included demographics, types of residence, food insecurity status, the levels of food insecurity, and nutrition knowledge. Results Of the 80 households, 20% were food secure while 80% of households experienced food insecurity at different levels. Fisher's exact test showed significant differences between the levels of food insecurity in rural and urban areas, P = 0.02. The mean nutrition knowledge score (42.0 ± 13.6) indicated that Syrian refugees had fair nutrition knowledge. Fisher's exact test showed marginal differences between the levels of food insecurity in households with different nutrition knowledge, P = 0.08. The results of our multivariate logistic regression model showed that types of residence had an inverse significant effect on food security, which remained significant after controlling for nutrition knowledge. Syrian refugees in rural areas had 78.4 greater odds of being food insecure compared with urban areas, odds ratio = 0.216, 95% CI: 0.06–0.777, P = 0.02. Conclusions Food insecurity was experienced by 80% of our participants. It was estimated that Syrian refugees had fair nutrition knowledge. Geographical location, types of residence, is a determinant for food insecurity status; Syrian refugees residing in rural areas are more likely to be food insecure compared with urban areas. Greater nutrition knowledge might increase the likelihood of food security among Syrian refugee households. Increasing sample size may be recommended to support our findings. Funding Sources Personal funding.

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Winder, Alvin E., Barbara A. Poremba, and Regine C. Beakes. "Nutrition education for Cambodian refugees." Journal of Nutrition Education 23, no. 2 (March 1991): 82D. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(12)80011-2.

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Mason, John, Stuart Gillespie, Graeme Clugston, and Peter Greaves. "Misconceptions on nutrition of refugees." Lancet 340, no. 8831 (November 1992): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92538-q.

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Rana, Ritu, Hatty Barthorp, and Mary T. Murphy. "Leaving no one behind: Community Management of At-risk Mothers and Infants under six months (MAMI) in the context of COVID-19 in Gambella refugee camps, Ethiopia." World Nutrition 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2020112108-120.

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Refugees are at an increased risk of contracting Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to their suboptimal living environment and inadequate access to healthcare services. As refugee-hosting countries are preparing to prevent and contain the spread of COVID-19 infections by diverting healthcare efforts, it is equally important to prevent the collapse of existing lifesaving services, including those provided during the first 1,000 days (nutrition services from conception to a child’s second birthday). Recently, many international organisations, including United Nations agencies, have published guidance documents for programming in refugee context. Similarly, there is global guidance available for nutrition programs in the context of COVID-19, such as -infant and young child feeding, management of child wasting, and nutrition information management; however, no specific guidance is available for community management of nutritionally at-risk mothers and infants under six months (MAMI). In response to the major refugee influx, mainly women and children, from South Sudan, GOAL, an international humanitarian response organisation, is implementing a MAMI program since 2014. GOAL believes, despite COVID-19 context, it is critical to continue the MAMI program with adaptive measures to prevent and manage malnutrition among at-risk mothers and infants. In this regard, considering available international guidelines, both nutrition and refugee context-specific, GOAL has developed its own guidelines for the refugee population. In this article, we present GOAL Ethiopia’s COVID-19 response within nutrition support services, for the South Sudanese refugees, focused on at-risk mothers with infants under six months, living in two Gambella refugee camps. We believe our guidelines will also be helpful for other organisations implementing MAMI in different contexts.

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Uygur, Gokce. "SYRIAN REFUGEE MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY." Journal of Management Vol. 36, No. 2 (December 1, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2020.2.06.

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Istanbul is one of the preferred cities for Syrian refugees as a point of living and transition to Europe. Syrian refugees are sheltering in remote and rash areas in Istanbul. Even the most essential needs like nutrition and housing are not being met. In this case, the importance of local governments is increasing. This study aimed to find out the role of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality how to adapt refugees to the city and how to carry out services for them. This study is designed to improve the general findings and recommendations of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality on refugee management. It aims to shed some light on how Istanbul metropolitan municipality react to these new components and their problems. Beside that, this article cannot provide a comprehensive report on the numerous activities and government agencies operating in Istanbul. The report highlights some management mechanisms in Istanbul metropolitan municipalities that look for to meet refugee needs; what remain their point of view for Syrian refugees, what information is available to them, what offer their solution for the crisis. This information is critical to acknowledge the role of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in refugee management.

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Saeedullah, Anum, Muhammad Shabir Khan, Simon C. Andrews, Khalid Iqbal, Zia Ul-Haq, Syed Abdul Qadir, Haris Khan, Ishawu Iddrisu, and Muhammad Shahzad. "Nutritional Status of Adolescent Afghan Refugees Living in Peshawar, Pakistan." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093072.

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Pakistan has hosted millions of Afghan refugees over the last several decades. Due to poor socioeconomic status, food insecurity and inadequate access to health care, these refugees are considered to be at high risk of malnutrition. Previous studies on nutritional assessment of high-risk populations (refugees) have focused mainly on women and children (0–59 months). The current study aims to assess nutritional status of adolescent Afghan refugees; the population who are equally vulnerable to malnutrition and its consequences. In this cross sectional study, the nutritional status of 206 adolescent (10–19 years old) Afghans boys and girls living in a refugee camp in Peshawar, Pakistan was assessed using standard methods. The results indicate a prevalence of stunting, thinness, and overweight and obesity at 35.3%, 4.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significantly high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin D, 80.5%; vitamin B12, 41.9%; and folate, 28.2%); and anemia (10.1%). Together, these findings indicate that this vulnerable population group suffers from the double burden of malnutrition and are thus at serious risk of impaired psychosocial cognitive development, general ill-health and diminished wellbeing. This study therefore highlights the urgent need to include adolescents in regular screening and intervention programs of such at-risk populations.

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Hashmi, Ahmar H., Nicola Solomon, Sue J. Lee, Aung Myat Min, Mary Ellen Gilder, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Nay Win Tun, et al. "Nutrition in transition: historical cohort analysis summarising trends in under- and over-nutrition among pregnant women in a marginalised population along the Thailand–Myanmar border from 1986 to 2016." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 1413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000758.

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AbstractThe objective of the present study is to summarise trends in under- and over-nutrition in pregnant women on the Thailand–Myanmar border. Refugees contributed data from 1986 to 2016 and migrants from 1999 to 2016 for weight at first antenatal consultation. BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) data were available during 2004–2016 when height was routinely measured. Risk factors for low and high BMI were analysed for <18·5 kg/m2 or ≥23 kg/m2, respectively. A total of 48 062 pregnancies over 30 years were available for weight analysis and 14 646 pregnancies over 13 years (2004–2016) had BMI measured in first trimester (<14 weeks’ gestational age). Mean weight at first antenatal consultation in any trimester increased over the 30-year period by 2·0 to 5·2 kg for all women. First trimester BMI has been increasing on average by 0·5 kg/m2 for refugees and 0·6 kg/m2 for migrants, every 5 years. The proportion of women with low BMI in the first trimester decreased from 16·7 to 12·7 % for refugees and 23·1 to 20·2 % for migrants, whereas high BMI increased markedly from 16·9 to 33·2 % for refugees and 12·3 to 28·4 % for migrants. Multivariate analysis demonstrated low BMI as positively associated with being Burman, Muslim, primigravid, having malaria during pregnancy and smoking, and negatively associated with refugee as opposed to migrant status. High BMI was positively associated with being Muslim and literate, and negatively associated with age, primigravida, malaria, anaemia and smoking. Mean GWG was 10·0 (sd 3·4), 9·5 (sd 3·6) and 8·3 (sd 4·3) kg, for low, normal and high WHO BMI categories for Asians, respectively.

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Ghattas, Hala, AnnieBelle J. Sassine, Karin Seyfert, Mark Nord, and Nadine R. Sahyoun. "Food insecurity among Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon, 10 years after the invasion of Iraq: data from a household survey." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 1 (April 17, 2014): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000282.

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Iraqi refugees in Lebanon are vulnerable to food insecurity because of their limited rights and fragile livelihoods. The objective of the present study was to assess household food insecurity among Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon, almost 10 years after the invasion of Iraq. A representative survey of 800 UN High Commissioner for Refugees-registered refugee households in Lebanon was conducted using multi-stage cluster random sampling. We measured food insecurity using a modified US Department of Agriculture household food security module. We collected data on household demographic, socio-economic, health, housing and dietary diversity status and analysed these factors by food security status. Hb level was measured in a subset of children below 5 years of age (n 85). Weighted data were used in univariate and multivariate analyses. Among the Iraqi refugee households surveyed (n 630), 20·1 % (95 % CI 17·3, 23·2) were found to be food secure, 35·5 % (95 % CI 32·0, 39·2) moderately food insecure and 44·4 % (95 % CI 40·8, 48·1) severely food insecure. Severe food insecurity was associated with the respondent's good self-reported health (OR 0·3, 95 % CI 0·2, 0·5), length of stay as a refugee (OR 1·1, 95 % CI 1·0, 1·2), very poor housing quality (OR 3·3, 95 % CI 1·6, 6·5) and the number of children in the household (OR 1·2, 95 % CI 1·0, 1·4), and resulted in poor dietary diversity (P< 0·0001). Anaemia was found in 41 % (95 % CI 30·6, 51·9) of children below 5 years of age, but was not associated with food insecurity. High food insecurity, low diet quality and high prevalence of anaemia in Iraqi refugees living in Lebanon call for urgent programmes to address the food and health situation of this population with restricted rights.

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Sankar, Racha, and Fatma !Huffman. "Nutrition Knowledge, English Adequacy, Women's Education and Food Insecurity Among Syrian Refugees in Florida." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab051_034.

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Abstract Objectives The objective was to measure food insecurity and determine whether food insecurity may be associated with nutrition knowledge, English adequacy and education of Syrian women from the households participating in this study. Methods One-on-one interview questionnaires were administered to Syrian refugee households residing in Florida, N = 80, n = 43 in rural area, n = 37 in urban area. The main outcomes were food insecurity, nutrition knowledge, English adequacy, and women's education. Results Among the total households, 80% were food insecure, and food insecurity was greater in rural area (60.9%) than in urban area (39.1%). The majority (57.5%) of participants scored fair nutrition knowledge. One-way frequency analysis showed that 75% of households had inadequate English and 25% had adequate English. Twenty three point seven percent of Syrian refugee women had high school diploma or higher, when 76.3% did not complete their high school education. The Chi square test showed a significant difference in nutrition knowledge in urban and rural areas, P = 0.04. It also showed significant differences in women's education in rural and urban areas, P = 0.03. The result of multivariate logistic regression model indicated that types of residence had an inverse significant effect on food security after controlling for our variables. Syrian refugees in rural areas had 79.9 greater odds of being food insecure compared with urban areas, odds ratio = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.053–0.758, P = 0.01. Conclusions Nutrition knowledge, English adequacy and women's education may be less important than types of residence. The types of residence is a contributing factor to food insecurity in Syrian refugees residing in Florida. A larger sample size would allow clearer understanding of the relation of our variables with food insecurity. Funding Sources Self funded

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Hirani, Kajal, Donald N. Payne, Raewyn Mutch, and Sarah Cherian. "Medical needs of adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 9 (July 3, 2018): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315105.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the medical needs and socioeconomic determinants of health among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia.DesignComprehensive medical and socioeconomic health data of resettling adolescent refugees aged 12 years and above attending a Refugee Health Service over a 1-year period were analysed.ResultsMedical records of 122 adolescents, median (range) age of 14 (12–17) years, were reviewed. Socioeconomic vulnerabilities included dependence on government financial support (50%), housing issues (27%) and child protection service involvement (11%). Medical concerns included non-communicable disorders (85%), infectious diseases (81%), nutrition/growth (71%) and physical symptoms of non-organic origin (43%). One quarter (27%) of female adolescents had sexual/reproductive health issues. A median (range) of 5 (2–12) health concerns were identified for each adolescent with 49% requiring referral to subspecialty services.ConclusionResettling adolescent refugees are socioeconomically vulnerable with a range of medical issues that frequently require additional subspecialty health referrals.

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Scheideman, M. "Nutrition education for immigrants,refugees and migrant workers." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, no. 9 (September 2001): A—102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)80342-4.

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Amirazodi, Elmira, Michelle Turcotte, and Andrea Hunter. "OBESITY TRENDS AND RISK FACTORS AMONG REFUGEE CHILDREN/YOUTH: A SCOPING REVIEW." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e46-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.118.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Overweight and obese children are at a heightened risk of adult-onset health complications including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and psychosocial complications. These disorders can begin in childhood, which increases the likelihood of early morbidity and mortality. In parallel, over the past two decades, the global population of refugees has grown substantially. OBJECTIVES Given the rapid increase of refugee populations in Canada, it is important to understand how obesity and overweight patterns for refugee children and youth differ from those of native-born populations. To date, no review has comprehensively documented weight gain trends and risk factors in paediatric refugee populations. DESIGN/METHODS A scoping review of the literature was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE for publications in English from August 1991 to April 2017. A total of 11 articles were identified relating to prevalence and risk factors for becoming overweight/obese in refugee children and youth aged 0 to 18 years old after arrival in a high-income setting. RESULTS Paediatric refugees were at increased risk of rapid weight gain after migration. After living in a HIC for 1.5 to 9 years, refugee children demonstrated a prevalence of obesity that ranged from 1.4 to 21%. The prevalence of overweight children and youth ranged from 5.7 to 22.8%. Refugee children and youth had a steeper increase in their BMI compared with non-refugees (P < 0.001). Younger children (< 2 years) experienced an increase in BMI at a slower rate (P = 0.002) than older children and youth. A longer length of stay in HICs was associated with an increase in BMI percentile among refugee children. Populations of Eastern European, African, and Middle Eastern ethnic backgrounds demonstrated a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese in comparison to other paediatric refugees or non-refugee children. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that despite methodological differences between the 11 included studies, 6 of them consistently demonstrate a direct relationship between increased BMI and length of residence in HICs among refugee children. Multiple studies (n=7) emphasize the need for culturally tailored prevention strategies including timely orientation to nutrition in HICs. Preventing the development of obesity among refugee children is crucial for reducing the short and long-term health consequences associated with childhood obesity.

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Cronin, A. A., D. Shrestha, N. Cornier, F. Abdalla, N. Ezard, and C. Aramburu. "A review of water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in association with selected health and nutrition indicators – the need for integrated service provision." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.019.

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The first global overview of basic water and sanitation indicators in refugee camps is presented (using data from 2003–2006) and compared with selected health and nutrition indicators. This demonstrates that average levels of water and sanitation provision are acceptable at camp level but many refugee operations are suffering from gaps that cross-cut these sectors; e.g. typically poor sanitation provision is corresponding with low per capita availability of water. These findings were confirmed at household level with two household surveys undertaken in African refugee camps; households reporting a case of diarrhoea within the previous 24 hours collect on average 26% less water than those not reporting any cases. In addition, typically higher levels of morbidity of one infectious agent are also reflected across other infectious agents; this is reinforced by comparing the relationship between morbidity and nutrition status from selected camps. The importance that hygiene, environmental conditions and local settings have on health (both of refugees and also local communities) is underlined. Interventions to improve indicators across the water, sanitation, health and nutrition sectors rely not only on increased and sustained resources but must entail an integrated approach to simultaneously tackle short-comings across all these vital sectors.

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Tappis, Hannah, Shannon Doocy, Christopher Haskew, Caroline Wilkinson, Allison Oman, and Paul Spiegel. "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Feeding Program Performance in Kenya and Tanzania: A Retrospective Analysis of Routine Health Information System Data." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 33, no. 2 (June 2012): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651203300209.

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Background The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Health Information System is a primary source of routine nutrition program data and provides a comprehensive assessment of UNHCR selective feeding programs in more than 90 refugee camps in 18 countries worldwide. Objective To evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of UNHCR supplementary and therapeutic feeding programs for malnourished children under 5 years of age in Kenya and Tanzania refugee camps. Methods Analysis of Kenya and Tanzania refugee camp population, growth monitoring, and nutrition program data from the UNHCR Health Information System. Results UNHCR-supported implementing partners in Kenya and Tanzania admitted nearly 45,000 malnourished refugee children in selective feeding programs between January 2006 and May 2009. Average recovery rates of 77.1% and 84.6% in the therapeutic and supplementary programs, respectively, mortality rates of less than 1%, and average readmission below 5% suggest that feeding programs had a beneficial effect on enrolled children. Conclusions Increasing admission and enrollment in supplementary feeding programs was successful in preventing cases of severe malnutrition in some camps. Further attention to these camps would be likely to yield sizeable benefits in terms of absolute reductions in malnutrition prevalence and mortality rates.

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Mulholland, K. "Health and nutrition of Ethiopian refugees in emergency camps." BMJ 295, no. 6599 (September 12, 1987): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6599.672.

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Lane, Ginny, Marwa Farag, Judy White, Christine Nisbet, and Hassan Vatanparast. "Chronic health disparities among refugee and immigrant children in Canada." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 10 (October 2018): 1043–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0407.

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There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the development of chronic disease risks in children, especially with regard to the risk differentials experienced by immigrants and refugees. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. Quantitative data regarding socioeconomic status, food security, physical activity, diet, and bone and body composition and anthropometric measurements were collected. Qualitative data regarding their experiences with accessing health care and their family lifestyle habits were gathered through in-depth interviews with the parents of newcomer children. Many newcomers spoke about their struggles to attain their desired standard of living. Regarding health outcomes, significantly more refugees (23%) had stunted growth when compared with immigrants (5%). Older children, those with better-educated parents, and those who consumed a poorer-quality diet were at a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Sixty percent of refugees and 42% of immigrants had high blood cholesterol. Significant health concerns for refugee children include stunting and high blood cholesterol levels, and emerging trends indicate that older immigrant children from privileged backgrounds in low-income countries may be more at risk of overweight and obesity. A variety of pathways related to their families’ conceptualization of life in Canada and the social structures that limit progress to meeting their goals likely influence the development of health inequity among refugee and immigrant children. Public health initiatives should address these health inequities among newcomer families.

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Abou-Rizk, Joana, Theresa Jeremias, Lara Nasreddine, Lamis Jomaa, Nahla Hwalla, Hani Tamim, Jan Frank, and Veronika Scherbaum. "Anemia and Nutritional Status of Syrian Refugee Mothers and Their Children under Five Years in Greater Beirut, Lebanon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 6894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136894.

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The objective was to assess the prevalence of anemia and nutritional status of mothers and children under five years among Syrian refugees in Lebanon and to identify nutritional deficiencies among pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant non-lactating (NPNLM) mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian refugee mothers with children under five years in Greater Beirut, Lebanon (n = 433). Data on socio-economic status, maternal health, lifestyle characteristics, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and hemoglobin concentrations were collected. The prevalence of anemia was 21.7% among mothers and 30.5% among children. NPNLM with overweight/obesity and an at-risk waist circumference (WC) had 14.7-times and 10.9-times higher odds of anemia than mothers with normal WC and weight. Children of anemic mothers had 2.7-times and 4.4-times higher odds of total and mild anemia than those of non-anemic. Higher odds of mild anemia were found among children of lactating mothers than of NPNLM. A high percent energy intake of total fat and sugar was found among all mothers. Nutritional inadequacy was identified in higher proportions of lactating and pregnant mothers than NPNLM. Our findings highlighted the co-existence of overnutrition and anemia among Syrian refugee mothers and undernutrition among children from the same household. Culture-specific interventions are needed to support maternal nutrition, to ensure the health and wellbeing of their offspring.

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Atoloye, Abiodun T., Habiba Nur, Heidi Wengreen, and Martha Archuleta. "Tackling Cultural Determinants of Health Through Nutrition Education Among Refugees." Health Equity 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0109.

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Guerra, Juliana Vidal Vieira, Valdecyr Herdy Alves, Lilyane Rachedi, Audrey Vidal Pereira, Maria Bertilla L. Riker Branco, Márcia Vieira dos Santos, Mariana Cabral Schveitzer, and Bruna Fernandes Carvalho. "Forced international migration for refugee food: a scoping review." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 24, no. 12 (December 2019): 4499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182412.23382019.

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Abstract Recent crisis and conflicts in African countries, the Middle East and the Americas have led to forced population migration and rekindled concern about food security. This article aims to map in the scientific literature the implications of forced migration on food and nutrition of refugees. Scoping Review, and database search: databases: PubMed Central, LILACS, SciElo, Science Direct and MEDLINE. Languages used in the survey were: English, Portuguese and Spanish, with publication year from 2013 to 2018. 173 articles were obtained and after removing of duplicates and full reading, 26 articles were selected and submitted to critical reading by two reviewers, resulting in 18 articles selected. From the analysis of the resulting articles, the following categories emerged: Food Inequity; Cultural Adaptation and Nutrition; Emerging Diseases and Strategies for the Promotion of Nutritional Health. Food insecurity is a marked consequence of forced international migration, and constitutes an emerging global public health problem, since concomitant with increasing population displacements also widens the range of chronic and nutritional diseases.

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Grosrenaud, Evangeline, Clement Akais Okia, Andrew Adam-Bradford, and Liz Trenchard. "Agroforestry: Challenges and Opportunities in Rhino Camp and Imvepi Refugee Settlements of Arua District, Northern Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042134.

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In the past, the environment has been a low priority in humanitarian operations for refugee agencies and implementing partners because of the emergency context. However, actions to safeguard the environment can be undertaken concurrently with emergency interventions and organisations should take responsibility for conserving the environment in refugee settlements in the same way that they are responsible for the welfare of refugees. Tree-based interventions, such as agroforestry, have been demonstrated as a viable option for resilience and sustainability in landscapes with increasing human pressure. Refugee settlements are subject to intense human pressure and suffer environmental degradation as a consequence. The potential benefits of agroforestry in refugee settlements though are not well researched. This study explores the implementation of agroforestry schemes in refugee settlements in the Arua district of Uganda. Using semi-structured interviews with the beneficiaries of the International Centre for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF) agroforestry projects in Imvepi and Rhino camps, the study identifies key benefits for participants and the environment. These include improved livelihoods and nutrition. However, there are challenges to overcome before agroforestry can be made more widely available in refugee camps. Key barriers include insufficient land, limited water availability and lack of local knowledge, which limits productivity. This research shows how relief, rehabilitation and development can work hand in hand to reduce social and environmental pressure in the targeted refugee settlements and host communities and improve the well-being of beneficiary households by creating opportunities for income generation, improving nutrition and contributing to social cohesion.

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Theurich, Melissa Ann, and Veit Grote. "Are Commercial Complementary Food Distributions to Refugees and Migrants in Europe Conforming to International Policies and Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies?" Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707717.

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In 2015, more than one million migrants and refugees arrived in Europe. Commercial complementary foods, processed foods marketed for infants and young children 6-23 months of age, were distributed by various humanitarian actors along migrant routes and in European refugee camps. Unsolicited donations and distributions of commercial complementary food products were problematic and divergent from international policies on infant and young child feeding during humanitarian emergencies. Interim guidance regarding commercial complementary foods was published during the peak of the emergency but implemented differently by various humanitarian actors. Clearer and more technical specifications on commercial complementary foods are needed in order to objectively determine their suitability for operational contexts in Europe and emergency nutrition assistance in the future.

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Horino, Masako, Lina Bahar, Ghada Al-Jadba, Rami Habash, Seita Akihiro, and Keith P. West. "Dietary Inadequacy, Micronutrient Deficiencies, and Approaches to Preventing Poor Nutrition in the Gaza Strip." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120967819.

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Palestine refugees comprise the largest refugee population in the world, most of whom are encamped in Middle Eastern countries. In the Gaza Strip, where ∼1.4 million Palestinians reside, there are high prevalences of anemia and multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs), including those of iron, zinc, vitamins A, B12, D, and E, ranging from 11.4% to 84.7% among pregnant women and 2.9% to 70.9% among preschool children. Dietary diversification and adequate food fortification are framed in policies but remain aspirational goals. Alternative, effective, targeted preventive approaches include, for women, replacement of antenatal iron-folic acid with multiple micronutrient supplementation, and for young children, point-of-use multiple micronutrient powder fortification to prevent anemia, both of which can reduce other MNDs and may bring additional health benefits. These interventions coupled with monitoring of dietary intakes, periodic assessment of MNDs, and implementation research to improve existing nutrition interventions are warranted to protect the health of the Middle East Palestinian diaspora.

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Ip, Sui-Wan, and Nancy M. Betts. "Food demonstration as a means of nutrition education for cambodian refugees." Journal of Nutrition Education 18, no. 3 (June 1986): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(86)80192-3.

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Rondinelli, Amanda J., Meghan D. Morris, Timothy C. Rodwell, Kathleen S. Moser, Paulino Paida, Steve T. Popper, and Kimberly C. Brouwer. "Under- and Over-Nutrition Among Refugees in San Diego County, California." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 13, no. 1 (May 27, 2010): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-010-9353-5.

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Berry-Koch, Angela, Regina Moench, Peter Hakewill, and Mohammed Dualeh. "Alleviation of Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Refugees." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 12, no. 2 (June 1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659001200215.

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Masud, Abdullah Al, Md Shahoriar Ahmed, Mst Rebeka Sultana, S. M. Iftekhar Alam, Russell Kabir, S. M. Yasir Arafat, and Konstantinos Papadopoulos. "Health Problems and Health Care Seeking Behaviour of Rohingya Refugees." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.27.

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Background: Rohingya refugees are one of the most vulnerable group due to lack of health care system, personal hygiene, shelter, sanitation and violence. Aim: The present study aims to find out the health problems and health care seeking behavior of rohingya refugees, to identify the socio-demographic information for such exposure group in relation to age, sex, occupation, living areas, to explore the patient’s physical, emotional, perceptions, attitudes and environmental health problems and to bring out health care seeking behavior of refugees. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 149 samples were selected conveniently for this study from the refugee camps. Data was collected by using mixed type of questionnaire. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis which has depicted through tables, pie chart and bar chart. Results: The finding of the study showed that 45.6% participants had multiple problems, followed by 16.8% participants who had other specific problems like musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection was the leading individual health problem with 11.4% of the sample group having it. 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory tract infection, 3.4% had nutrition deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation & hygiene problems. Among the participants, 68.4% age ranged between 15-59 years. The study showed that, only 16.1% participants were satisfied with the quality of service they received while 37.6% participants said that they needed better services such as more laboratory test, radiological imaging, more medicine and more doctors. Conclusion: It is clear that refugees suffered from a variety of health problems, because their living condition and environmental situation were not similar like an independent nation. Further, basic amenities like medicines and other services were not available.

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Pieterse, Simone, Mary Manandhar, and Suraiya Ismail. "The nutritional status of older Rwandan refugees." Public Health Nutrition 1, no. 4 (December 1998): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn19980042.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the nutritional status of older people in an unstable situation.Design:Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected cross-sectionally. Body mass index (BMI), arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status. For 41 subjects with kyphosis, height was estimated from arm span using sex-specific regression equations from the non-kyphotic group.Setting:The study was carried out in the post-emergency phase in a Rwandan refugee camp in Karagwe district, north-west Tanzania.Subjects:Measurements were obtained from 413 men and 415 women aged 50–92 years.Results:The prevalence of undernutrition (BMI < 18.5) was 19.5% in men and 13.1% in women and was higher above age 60 years in both sexes: in men the prevalences were 23.2% and 15.0% (P < 0.05) and in women 15.1% and 10.9% for the older and younger age groups respectively. AMA, which is important in relation to the ability to remain active and independent, was also significantly lower in older age groups. No difference was found in AFA. The proportion with low BMI was much higher in the group with kyphosis.Conclusions:Even in this population of older Rwandans who managed to reach the camp and survive in exile for more than a year, undernutrition does occur and is more prevalent at an advanced age. The higher prevalence of undernutrition in kyphotic people illustrates the importance of including this group in nutritional status assessments.

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Slobin, Kathleen, and Julie Garden-Robinson. "Food Handling Practices among Recently Resettled Refugees." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 41, no. 4 (July 2009): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.145.

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ROMERO-GWYNN, EUNICE, YVONNE NICHOLSON, DOUGLAS GWYNN, NANCY KORS, PEGGY AGRON, JAN FLEMING, HOLLY RAYNARD, and LAKSHMI SCREENIVASAN. "Dietary Practices of Refugees from the Former Soviet Union." Nutrition Today 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199707000-00005.

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Trapp, Micah. "WHAT'S ON THE TABLE: NUTRITION PROGRAMMING FOR REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES." NAPA Bulletin 34, no. 1 (November 2010): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4797.2010.01057.x.

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Durham, Jo, Sue Gillieatt, and Pernilla Ellies. "An evaluability assessment of a nutrition promotion project for newly arrived refugees." Health Promotion Journal of Australia 18, no. 1 (2007): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/he07043.

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COOK, ROBERT. "The Evolution of the Food and Nutrition Problems of the Palestine Refugees." Journal of Refugee Studies 5, no. 3-4 (1992): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/5.3-4.271.

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Ghattas, Hala, Jowel Choufani, Zeina Jamaluddine, Amelia Reese Masterson, and Nadine R. Sahyoun. "Linking women-led community kitchens to school food programmes: lessons learned from the Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Children intervention in Palestinian refugees in Lebanon." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 5 (November 22, 2019): 914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003161.

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AbstractObjective:Decades of marginalization have led Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon to experience multigenerational poverty and food insecurity. The Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Children programme implemented and examined the impact of a two-pronged intervention that employed women through community kitchens to deliver a subsidized healthy daily school snack to elementary-school children in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. We describe the rationale, study design, theorized impact pathways, and discuss lessons learned.Design:The programme was quasi-experimental. We conducted formative and process evaluation of both components of the intervention to elucidate the pathways to programme impact.Setting:Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon.Participants:Thirty-three women participated in the kitchens and provided subsidized snacks to 714 children.Results:Snacks were healthy, traditional Palestinian recipes designed by women and a nutritionist. Participation fluctuated but eventually increased after modifying the meals to ensure acceptability by children. The main challenges to sustainability related to the need for subsidization of the meals and the lack of school policies around the regulation of sales of school food, which together led to fluctuations in programme participation.Conclusions:The study provides lessons learned on the potential of this model to improve the human capital of two generations of protracted refugees. The availability of schools as a constant market for these social enterprises offers an opportunity for sustainable livelihood generation and food security gains. Challenges to sustainability remain and could be addressed through social (subsidies to support the programme) and structural (policies to restrict unhealthy food sales) measures.

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Wood, JM, AO Booth, C. Margerison, and A. Worsley. "What factors are associated with food security among recently arrived refugees resettling in high-income countries? A scoping review." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 13 (July 12, 2021): 4313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021002925.

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AbstractObjective:Refugees are vulnerable to food insecurity (FI). This is attributable to a combination of inequitable social determinants and cultural differences. In 2019, 92 % of refugee resettlement (host country provides residency/citizenship) occurred in high-income countries, but little is known about the factors impacting their food security status in this setting. The review’s objective was to therefore thematically identify factors affecting food security among refugees resettling in high-income countries.Design:This review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Between May–July 2020 and February 2021, peer-reviewed studies focused on FI, and published in English from 2000–2020, were searched on Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Informit, PsychArticles, Proquest and EmBase.Setting:Only studies set in high-income countries were included.Participants:Fifty percent or more of study participants had to be refugees who had resettled within 5 years.Results:Twenty studies from six high-income countries were included. Culturally based food practices and priorities, confidence in navigating local foodways and transport, level of community connections and capabilities in local language and food preparation were key themes associated with food security.Conclusions:Utilising the four themes of culture, confidence, community and capabilities, there is an opportunity to improve the cultural sensitivity of measurement tools, develop understanding of how community-based resources (such as social capital) can be leveraged as food security buffers and modify existing food security initiatives to better serve refugee needs.

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Woodruff, Bradley A., Heidi Michels Blanck, Laurence Slutsker, Susan T. Cookson, Mary Kay Larson, Arabella Duffield, and Rita Bhatia. "Anaemia, iron status and vitamin A deficiency among adolescent refugees in Kenya and Nepal." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 1 (February 2006): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005825.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin < 11.0 to 13.0 g dl−1depending on age and sex group), iron deficiency (transferrin receptor concentration > 8.3 μg ml−1) and vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol < 0.7 μmoll−1) in adolescent refugees.DesignCross-sectional surveys.SettingKakuma refugee camp in Kenya and seven refugee camps in Nepal.SubjectsAdolescent refugee residents in these camps.ResultsAnaemia was present in 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42–51) of adolescents in Kenya and in 24% (95% CI: 20–28) of adolescents in Nepal. The sensitivity of palmar pallor in detecting anaemia was 21%. In addition, 43% (95% CI: 36–50) and 53% (95% CI: 46–61) of adolescents in Kenya and Nepal, respectively, had iron deficiency. In both surveys, anaemia occurred more commonly among adolescents with iron deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was found in 15% (95% CI: 10–20) of adolescents in Kenya and 30% (95% CI: 24–37) of adolescents in Nepal. Night blindness was not more common in adolescents with vitamin A deficiency than in those without vitamin A deficiency. In Kenya, one of the seven adolescents with Bitot's spots had vitamin A deficiency.ConclusionsAnaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are common among adolescents in refugee populations. Such adolescents need to increase intakes of these nutrients; however, the lack of routine access makes programmes targeting adolescents difficult. Adolescent refugees should be considered for assessment along with other at-risk groups in displaced populations.

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Nur, Habiba Ali, Abiodun Atoloye, Heidi Wengreen, and Martha Archuleta. "P48 Identifying Nutrition Education Strategies for Refugees in Western Countries: A Scoping Review." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 52, no. 7 (July 2020): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.093.

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Lazzerini, Marzia, Humphrey Wanzira, Peter Lochoro, Amos Ndunguste, Jerry Ictho, Ambrose Katungi, Ilaria Mariani, and Giovanni Putoto. "Quality of healthcare for children with severe acute malnutrition in a refugee setting: cross-sectional study in West Nile Region, Uganda." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e034738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034738.

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Objectives5.0 million annual deaths in low-income and middle-income countries are due to poor quality of care (QOC). We evaluated the QOC provided to malnourished children in West Nile Region in Uganda.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWest Nile Region, an area hosting over one million refugees.ParticipantsAmong 148 facilities providing nutritional services, 30 randomly selected facilities (20%) and the records of 1467 children with severe acute malnutrition (100% of those attending the 30 facilities during last year) were assessed.OutcomesThe national Nutrition Service Delivery Assessment (NSDA) tool was used to assess capacity areas related to QOC. Case management, data quality and health outcomes were assessed from official health records. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore factors significantly associated with better cure rates.ResultsOf 305 NSDA scores allocated to 30 participating centres, 201 (65.9%) were ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. However, 20 (66.7%) facilities had ‘poor’ ‘quality improvement mechanisms’ and 13 (43.3%) had ‘poor’ ‘human resources’. Overall data quality in official records was poor, while recorded quality of case management was overall fair. Average cure rate was significantly lower than international Sphere standards (50.4% vs 75% p<0.001) with a higher default rate (23.2% vs 15% p<0.001). Large heterogeneity among facilities was detected for all indicators. Refugee-hosting and non-refugee-hosting facilities had a similar cure rate (47.1% vs 52.1%) though transfer rates were higher for those hosting refugees (21.5% vs 1.9%, p<0.001) despite better ‘equipment and supplies’. ‘Good/excellent’ ‘equipment’ and ‘store management’ were significantly associated with better cure rates in outpatient therapeutic centres (+55.9, p<0.001; +65.4, p=0.041, respectively) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThough most NSDA capacity areas were rated good or excellent, health outcomes of malnourished children in West Nile Region, both in refugee-hosting and non-refugee-hosting facilities, are significantly below international standards. Effective and sustainable approaches to improve malnourished child health outcomes are needed.

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Mandinic, Zoran, Aleksandra Prokic, Mirjana Ivanovic, Svetlana Jovanovic, Olivera Jovicic, and Milos Beloica. "Habits, attitudes and behavior of refugees and migrants in Serbia in relation to oral health." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp210127046m.

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Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate: self-reported oral health, oral health related habits, nutrition and use of dental services among refugees and migrants in Serbia. Methods: Total of 226 migrants participated in the study. Participants were situated in the migrant centers Obrenovac and Krnjaca, in Belgrade, Serbia. All participants were given a questionnaire in order to examine oral health habits, attitudes and behavior among refugees and migrants. The questionnaire consists of 29 questions. SPSS 24 statistical software was used to analyze answers from the questionnaire. Results: Out of 226 examinees, 40 were female and 186 were male. Majority were adults (87.6%) and 12.4% were children. The results show that refugees and migrants who spend 200-300? per month consume the most alcohol (33.3%) and tobacco (61.1%). Only 10.8% of men answered they have been to the dentist in Serbia, whereas 35% women had the same answer (p=0.000). The research also showed that most women (67.5%) brush their teeth 2-3 times a day and noticeably less men (37.1%) had the same habit. Fluoride supplements are used by 78.7% of examinees. Among most common reasons for the last visit to the dentist were pain (36.9%) and regular checkups (22.5%). Conclusion: Preservation of oral health of refugees and migrants in Serbia depends on various factors. Improving and preserving good general and oral health of refugees and migrants should be a public healthcare priority.

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Nassour, Sahar, Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Stephen Kodish, and Lamis Jomaa. "Cash Plus Social and Behavioral Change Communication Approaches to Improve Food Security: Findings From Formative Research With Syrian Refugees in Lebanon." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_074.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to complement existing cash transfer programs and at improving food security among Syrian refugees (SR) in Lebanon by (1) examining their food literacy and food purchasing behaviors and (2) developing a social and behavioral change communication (SBCC) strategy. Methods This qualitative study was conducted (Jan – Feb 2020) in two phases: Phase1 included 2 focus group discussions (FGD) among 21 SR women receiving cash assistance in Tyre, Lebanon to identify food literacy gaps and preferred health communication channels. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants (KI) from international and non-governmental organizations working with SR; Phase 2 utilized qualitative findings for the development of a culturally-appropriate SBCC strategy to improve the food purchasing and healthy dietary behaviors of SR. Five months after phase 2, key findings were shared with KI through interviews in a form of ‘member checking’ to enhance data credibility and inform the interpretations of study findings in the context of COVID-19. An inductive approach to textual analysis was used to identify key themes and sub-themes for interpretation. Results Three major themes emerged from phase 1 data: Theme 1 reflected the highly precarious conditions of settlement camps that make it difficult for refugees to be food secure. Theme 2 suggested several determinants of food purchasing behaviors (limited nutrition knowledge, poor dietary habits contributing to sub-optimal dietary diversity, and limited exposure to nutrition education on food resource management and budgeting). Theme 3 revealed important nutrition education needs, as well as preferred channels to receive such information (e.g., group education, one-on-one counselling sessions, and WhatsApp-based messaging). Other communication channels suggested by KI, and that differed from those suggested by the refugee community in phase 1, included mass media campaigns and community mobilization. Conclusions Due to both environmental challenges and individual-level factors, SR living in Tyre, Lebanon were found to have poor dietary choices, thus an SBSS strategy tailored to their needs may help improve their food purchasing behaviors and alleviate their food insecurity levels. Funding Sources University Research Board grant at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

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Ibragimova, Irina, and Martina Žužak. "Refugee health in Europe: mapping review of research literature (2015–2019)." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 4 (September 8, 2020): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-04-2020-0031.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to map research literature on all aspects of refugee health in Europe (2015–2019): by research domain, study design, targeted population, type of setting, host country, journal title. This will help to identify recent research trends in the field, provide policymakers with useful source of information and help researches to target important gaps in evidence.Design/methodology/approachWHO (with other international agencies) has developed strategic documents and produced technical guidance, which formulate priority issues of refugee health in Europe. These documents state the need for relevant information and research data to support effective decision-making at all levels of health care systems. Although recent bibliometric analysis of global migration health research (2000–2016) concluded that 25.4% of retrieved documents were about refugees and asylum seekers, still there remain critical gaps in the knowledge base on a wide range of determinants of health service delivery and access for refugees and asylum seekers in the WHO European Region. Mapping review design was chosen as it maps and categorizes existing literature from which to commission further reviews and/or primary research by identifying gaps in research literature. Search strategy was developed and searches were executed in six databases: PubMed Medline; Scopus; ProQuest (Thesis and Dissertations); Cochrane Library; BASE; eLibrary (Russian journal articles).FindingsMapping review revealed that although research in some domains of refugee health was growing (mental health, infectious diseases, access to health care), there are still gaps in evidence in many important aspects: maternal and reproductive health, NCD, nutrition and economic evaluations. Most of 1,291 retrieved studies used observational or quasi-experimental design (75%), while very few were experimental studies (1.8%). Secondary research constituted a significant portion of retrieved publications: systematic reviews and meta-analysis – 8%, other reviews with systematic approach – 16%.Originality/valueDetailed mapping of research by a combination of setting, population and research domains and comparison of results with those from previous decades and with planned trials and systematic reviews.

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Burge, Candice, and Jigna M. Dharod. "What Are the Nutrition Education Needs of Refugees: Assessment of Food Choices, Shopping and Spending Practices of South-Asian Refugees in the USA." Journal of International Migration and Integration 19, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0565-1.

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Gunnell, Sarah, Nedra K. Christensen, Melanie D. Jewkes, Heidi LeBlanc, and Debra Christofferson. "Providing Nutrition Education to Recently Resettled Refugees: Piloting a Collaborative Model and Evaluation Methods." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 17, no. 2 (June 20, 2014): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0056-1.

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Dreifuss, H., and J. Hein. "Nutrition education for newly arrived refugees in Tucson, Arizona: Mixed methods evaluation as education." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.563.

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Kay, Ariel, Eva Leidman, Velma Lopez, Caroline Wilkinson, Melody Tondeur, and Oleg Bilukha. "The burden of anaemia among displaced women and children in refugee settings worldwide, 2013–2016." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (November 2019): e001837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001837.

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IntroductionDisplaced persons have a unique risk for developing anaemia due to often limited diets, overcrowding, new infections and inadequate sanitation and hygiene. The lack of anaemia prevalence estimates among the displaced inhibit global planning for anaemia reduction.MethodsWe analysed population representative, cross-sectional nutrition surveys from 2013 to 2016 conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and partner agencies. Included surveys measured haemoglobin concentration among children 6–59 months, non-pregnant women 15–49 years, or both groups. For each survey, we calculated mean haemoglobin and prevalence of total anaemia (<110 g/L in children, <120 g/L in women), and classified public health severity following WHO guidelines. Pearson correlations between indicators from women and children surveys were calculated where both subpopulations were measured.ResultsAnalysis included 196 surveys among children and 184 surveys among women from 121 unique refugee settings in 24 countries. The median prevalence of total anaemia in children and women was 44% and 28%, respectively. Sixty-one per cent of child surveys indicated a problem of severe public health importance compared with 25% of surveys in women. The prevalence of total anaemia in children and women was strongly correlated (ρ=0.80). Median prevalence of total anaemia was approximately 55% greater and mean haemoglobin was 6 g/L lower among children age 6–23 months compared with children 24–59 months. West and Central Africa region had the highest median prevalence of anaemia both in women and children.ConclusionWhile the burden of anaemia is high among the displaced, it mirrors that of the general population. Haemoglobin should continue to be measured in nutrition surveys in refugee settings. Sustained, multisectoral efforts to reduce anaemia are needed, with specific focus on children under 2 years of age and refugee settings in the West and Central Africa region.

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Deramo, Michele C. "How KANERE Free Press Resists Biopower." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40385.

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How does a free press resist state biopower? This article studies the development and dissemination of KANERE Free Press, a refugee-run news source operating in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, that was founded to create “a more open society in refugee camps and to develop a platform for fair public debate on refugee affairs” (KANERE Vision Statement). The analysis of KANERE and its impact on the political subjectivity of refugees living in Kakuma is framed by Foucault’s theory of biopower, the state-sanctioned right to “make live or let die” in its management of human populations. The author demonstrates the force relations between KANERE, its host country of Kenya, and the UNHCR through two ongoing stories covered by KANERE: the broad rejection of the MixMe nutritional supplement and the expressed disdain for the camp’s World Refugees Day celebration. Using ethnographic and decolonizing methodologies, the author privileges the voices and perspectives of the KANERE editors and the Kakuma residents they interviewed in order to provide a ground-level view of refugee’s lived experiences in Kakuma. As KANERE records refugees’ experiences of life in the camp, they construct a narrative community that is simultaneously produced by and resistant to the regulations and control of camp administration and state sovereignty. In doing so, KANERE creates a transgressive space that reaches beyond the confines of the camp.

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Fleming, Catharine, Juliano Diniz De Oliveira, Virginia Schmied, la Girish La, Deepika Sharma, Peggy Koniz-Booher, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, and Amanda Third. "Adolescent Voices and Perspectives on Food and Nutrition: Feasibility of an Innovative Participatory Methodology." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_041.

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Abstract Objectives Adolescence presents a window of opportunity for establishing lifelong dietary habits that support nutritional well-being today and for future generations. The aim of this study was to explore an innovative highly participatory qualitative methodology to capture adolescents’ food and nutrition perspectives and lived experiences. Adolescence presents a window of opportunity for establishing lifelong dietary habits that support nutritional well-being today and for future generations. The aim of this study was to explore an innovative highly participatory qualitative methodology to capture adolescents’ food and nutrition perspectives and lived experiences. Methods Adolescents’ experiences of food and nutrition were collected through a distributed data gathering approach, based on a process in which participants completed creative participatory workshop-based qualitative activities that explored the participants’ lived experiences. This methodology allowed for adaptation and administration of the study across 18 countries. The workshop manual included diverse participatory activities to collect food and nutrition information on dietary intake, body image, influences on food choices, food environments, barriers to healthy eating, and solutions voiced by adolescents. All workshop data were digitised and uploaded to a secure online repository for analysis by researchers. Qualitative thematic coding and quantitative dietary analyses based on the NOVA classification system were used for analysis. After each workshop, facilitators completed a short open-ended questionnaire to provide feedback on workshop activities. Results Thirty-seven workshops were successfully completed with 656 adolescents across 18 countries and 5 world regions. Workshops included a diverse sample of adolescents, together with highly vulnerable groups such as displaced refugees in Sudan. The application of a distributed data gathering methodology was found to effectively engage adolescents in openly discussing their own food and nutrition experiences. Conclusions The highly innovative distribute data methodological approach allowed adolescent to express their food and nutrition needs and wants, which is key for better understanding of diverse perspectives and experiences to improving policies and programs. Funding Sources UNICEF.

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Yaghoub-Pour, Parisa, and Hosein Dadashzadeh Asl. "Health Rights of Refugees, Immigrants and Asylum Seeker." Jurnal Cita Hukum 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v9i2.20739.

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It has been widely documented that refugees are one of the most vulnerable layers of society to health problems due to poor access to social services, as well as difficulties in housing and nutrition, poor living conditions, and abuse. The health services provided to IDPs are often inadequate and appropriate. Refugees and immigrants have difficulty accessing health care services, medicines, counselling, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation services almost all over the world. Today, inequality, regional struggles, and global shifts strongly reflect the ongoing problems of refugees and migrants and their future escalation. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach. The results of the study stated that the settlement of matters regarding their stay, nutrition, accommodation and health services must be prepared in advance, and especially human rights must be respected. In this regard, the actions of governments, civil society organizations and universities at the regional and global levels will contribute to a better future of immigration.Keywords: Refugees and Immigrants; International Immigration; Health Law; Health problems; Health services; Convention Regarding the Status of Refugees Hak Kesehatan Pengungsi, Imigran dan Pencari Suaka AbstrakTelah banyak didokumentasikan bahwa pengungsi adalah salah satu lapisan masyarakat yang paling rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan karena buruknya mendapat layanan sosial, selain karena kesulitan dalam perumahan dan gizi, kondisi hidup yang buruk, dan adanya pelecehan. Pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada pengungsi seringkali tidak cukup dan layak. Pengungsi dan imigran mengalami kesulitan mengakses layanan perawatan kesehatan, obat-obatan, konseling, diagnosis, pengobatan dan layanan rehabilitasi hampir terjadi di seluruh dunia. Saat ini, ketidaksetaraan, perjuangan regional, dan pergeseran global sangat mencerminkan masalah pengungsi dan migran yang terus berlanjut dan eskalasi mereka di masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penyelesaian urusan tentang masa tinggal mereka, nutrisi, akomodasi dan layanan kesehatan harus disiapkan terlebih dahulu, dan terutama hak asasi manusia harus dihormati. Dalam hal ini, tindakan pemerintah, organisasi masyarakat sipil dan universitas di tingkat regional dan global akan berkontribusi pada masa depan imigrasi yang lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Pengungsi dan Imigran; Imigrasi Internasional; Hukum Kesehatan; Masalah kesehatan; Pelayanan kesehatan; Konvensi Terkait Status Pengungsi Права на здоровье беженцев, иммигрантов и просителей убежища АннотацияШироко задокументировано, что беженцы являются одним из наиболее уязвимых слоев общества с точки зрения проблем со здоровьем из-за плохого доступа к социальным услугам, а также трудностей с жильем и питанием, плохих условий жизни и жестокого обращения. Медицинские услуги, предоставляемые беженцам, часто неадекватны и не соответствуют требованиям. Беженцы и иммигранты почти во всем мире испытывают трудности с доступом к услугам здравоохранения, лекарствам, консультациям, диагностике, лечению и реабилитации. Сегодня неравенство, региональная борьба и глобальные сдвиги во многом отражают текущие проблемы беженцев и мигрантов и их будущую эскалацию. В этом исследовании используется качественный метод исследования с литературным подходом. Результаты исследования показали, что решение вопросов, касающихся их пребывания, питания, проживания и медицинского обслуживания, должно быть подготовлено заранее, и особенно должны соблюдаться права человека. В этом отношении действия правительств, организаций гражданского общества и университетов на региональном и глобальном уровнях будут способствовать лучшему будущему иммиграции.Ключевые Слова: Беженцы и иммигранты; международная иммиграция; закон о здоровье; проблемы со здоровьем; медицинские услуги; конвенция о статусе беженцев

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Wilson, Alyce, and Andre Renzaho. "Intergenerational differences in acculturation experiences, food beliefs and perceived health risks among refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003467.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in acculturation experiences between parent and adolescent refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia and to explore food beliefs and perceived health risks from an intergenerational perspective.DesignQualitative cross-sectional study involving a combination of semi-structured one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions.SettingNorth-West suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsEritrean, Ethiopian, Somali and Sudanese refugees.ResultsUsing a purposeful sampling technique, twelve semi-structured face-to-face interviews (nine adults and three adolescents) and four in-depth focus groups (two with adolescents each containing six participants and two with adults one containing six participants and the other ten participants) were carried out. Thus overall data were obtained on fifteen adolescents and twenty-five parents. Qualitative analysis identified differences between parents and adolescents in relation to lifestyle, diet and physical activity. Views regarding health consequences of their changed diets also differed. Parental feeding practices encompassed a variety of methods and were enforced in an attempt by parents to control their children's dietary behaviours and prevent their drift away from traditional eating habits.ConclusionsThese findings call for more research to contextualise dietary acculturation among refugee youth and the impact of migration on parenting styles and feeding practices in communities from the Horn of Africa. Preventive health programmes with Horn of Africa refugees need to acknowledge the effect of acculturation on diet and physical activity levels and a socio-cultural framework needs to be developed with respect to the importance and influence of the family environment.

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Hadley, Craig, Ariel Zodhiates, and Daniel W. Sellen. "Acculturation, economics and food insecurity among refugees resettled in the USA: a case study of West African refugees." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 4 (April 2007): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007222943.

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AbstractObjectivesTo assess the occurrence and severity of food insecurity, and examine associations between food insecurity and measures of socio-economic status and indicators of acculturation.DesignStructured interviews among a non-probability sample of West African refugees at baseline and 6 months' follow-up.SettingMid-sized city in north-eastern USA.SubjectsOne hundred and one caregivers with children under the age of 5 years and who have been living the USA for fewer than 4 years.ResultsFood insecurity was indicated in approximately half of households (53%). The occurrence of food insecurity was associated with measures of socio-economic status such as income, employment status and participation in the Food Stamp Program (P < 0.05). Measures of acculturation such as difficulty in the shopping environment and language difficulty were also associated with the occurrence and severity of food insecurity, as was time lived in the USA (P < 0.05). Among households who had been in the USA for 1 year or less, food insecurity was indicated in 73%, whereas among households who had been in the USA for at least 3 years food insecurity was indicted in 33%.ConclusionsRefugees are a potentially vulnerable group and our results echo others in suggesting a need for more thorough monitoring of the health and well-being of recently resettled refugees. These results also suggest that reliance on employment as the sole indicator of success in the resettlement process may be too narrow an indicator. Future research should focus on a wider range of measures of health and well-being.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nutrition; Refugees'

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