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Journal articles on the topic 'Nutrition policy – Great Britain'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Beeken, Rebecca J., and Jane Wardle. "Public beliefs about the causes of obesity and attitudes towards policy initiatives in Great Britain." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 12 (July 18, 2013): 2132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001821.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess attributions for overweight and the level of support for policy initiatives in Great Britain.DesignCross-sectional. Respondents indicated their agreement (5-point scales: strongly disagree to strongly agree) to three potential causes of overweight (environment, genes, willpower) and five policies (free weight-loss treatment, taxing unhealthy foods, healthy lifestyle campaigns, food labelling, advertising restrictions).SettingData were collected as part of a computer-assisted, face-to-face Omnibus survey of adults (aged >15 years) from across Great Britain in April 2012 carried out by a market research company.SubjectsA population-representative sample of British adults (n 1986).ResultsMore people attributed overweight to the food environment (61 %) and lack of willpower (57 %) than to genes (45 %). Policy support was highest for healthy lifestyle campaigns (71 %) and food labelling (66 %), and lowest for taxing unhealthy foods (32 %). Food environment attributions were associated with higher support for all policies (P < 0·001). Genetic attributions were associated with higher support for free weight-loss treatments and healthy lifestyle campaigns (P < 0·001), but not other policies. Attributions to lack of willpower were not associated differentially with support for any policies (P > 0·01).ConclusionsBelief that overweight is caused by the food environment or genes – both seen as outside individual control – was associated with greater support for government policies to prevent and treat obesity. Improving awareness of the multiple causes of obesity could facilitate acceptance of policy action to reduce obesity prevalence.

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Anderson, Peter, Daša Kokole, and Eva Jane Llopis. "Production, Consumption, and Potential Public Health Impact of Low- and No-Alcohol Products: Results of a Scoping Review." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093153.

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Switching from higher strength to low- and no-alcohol products could result in consumers buying and drinking fewer grams of ethanol. We undertook a scoping review with systematic searches of English language publications between 1 January 2010 and 17 January 2021 using PubMed and Web of Science, covering production, consumption, and policy drivers related to low- and no-alcohol products. Seventy publications were included in our review. We found no publications comparing a life cycle assessment of health and environmental impacts between alcohol-free and regular-strength products. Three publications of low- and no-alcohol beers found only limited penetration of sales compared with higher strength beers. Two publications from only one jurisdiction (Great Britain) suggested that sales of no- and low-alcohol beers replaced rather than added to sales of higher strength beers. Eight publications indicated that taste, prior experiences, brand, health and wellbeing issues, price differentials, and overall decreases in the social stigma associated with drinking alcohol-free beverages were drivers of the purchase and consumption of low- and no-alcohol beers and wines. Three papers indicated confusion amongst consumers with respect to the labelling of low- and no-alcohol products. One paper indicated that the introduction of a minimum unit price in both Scotland and Wales favoured shifts in purchases from higher- to lower-strength beers. The evidence base for the potential beneficial health impact of low- and no-alcohol products is very limited and needs considerable expansion. At present, the evidence base could be considered inadequate to inform policy.

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3

Pryer, Jane A., and Stephen Rogers. "Dietary patterns among a national sample of British children aged 1½ – 4½; years." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 7 (July 2009): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003364.

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AbstractObjectiveUsing a nationally representative sample, to identify groups among British children aged 1½; – 4½; years who report similar patterns of diet.DesignNationally representative dietary survey, using 4 d weighed dietary records, of girls and boys aged 1½; – 4½; years living in private households in Great Britain in 1992–1993. Cluster analysis was used to aggregate individuals into diet groups.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsEight hundred and forty-eight boys and 827 girls.ResultsThree clusters were identified for girls and three for boys. Among boys the most prevalent cluster was ‘Healthy Diet’ (52·3 %), the second was ‘Convenience Diet’ (38·3 %) and the third was ‘Traditional Diet’ (9·3 %). Among girls, the most prevalent dietary cluster was ‘Healthy Diet’ (58·7 %), followed by a ‘Convenience Diet’ (36·6 %) and ‘Traditional Diet’ (4·3 %). There were important differences in nutrient profile, sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics between clusters.ConclusionsCluster analysis identified three groups among both girls and boys which differed not only in terms of reported dietary intake, but also with respect to nutrient intake, social and behavioural characteristics. The groups identified could provide a useful basis for the development, monitoring and targeting of public health nutrition policy for pre-school children in the UK. Further research is needed on the consequences for chronic disease in the future for these children.

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Berger, Nicolas, Steven Cummins, Richard D. Smith, and Laura Cornelsen. "Recent trends in energy and nutrient content of take-home food and beverage purchases in Great Britain: an analysis of 225 million food and beverage purchases over 6 years." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000036.

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IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increased focus on developing a coherent obesity policy in the UK, which has led to various national policy initiatives aimed at improving population diet. We sought to determine whether there have been concurrent changes in trends in the nutrient content of take-home food and beverage purchases within this policy environment.MethodsWe used 2012–2017 data from the UK Kantar Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) panel, a nationally representative panel study of food and beverages bought by British households and brought into the home (n≈32 000 per year). Households used hand-held barcode scanners to report over 225 million product-level purchases of food and beverages, for which nutritional information was obtained. We estimated daily per capita purchases of energy and nutrients from 32 healthier and less healthy food groups defined using the nutrient profiling model used by the UK Department of Health.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, daily purchases of energy from food and beverages taken home decreased by 35.4 kcal (95% CI 25.5 to 45.2) per capita. This is explained by moderate decreases in the purchase of products with high contents in carbohydrate (−13.1 g (−14.4 to –11.8)) and sugar (−4.4 g (−5.1 to –3.7)), despite small increases in protein (1.7 g (1.4 to 2.1)) and saturated fat (0.4 g (0.2 to 0.6)). Food and beverage purchases exceeded daily reference intake values in fat (on average +6%), saturated fat (+43%), sugar (+16%) and protein (+28%) across all years. Although substitutions between individual food groups were large in energy and nutrients purchased, the heterogeneity of these patterns resulted in modest overall changes.ConclusionThere have been small declines in the purchase of less healthy food products, which translated to a small reduction of total energy and sugar purchases taken home. However, the rate of change needs to be accelerated in order to substantially reduce the health risks of poor diets, suggesting that more radical policies may be needed to attain larger population effects.

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5

Rogers, Stephen, and Jane A. Pryer. "Who consumed 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day in 1986–1987 and in 2000–2001?" Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 7 (December 21, 2011): 1240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003296.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to describe who ate 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day (‘compliers’) in 1986–1987 and in 2000–2001.DesignWe used data from the Dietary and Nutritional Surveys of British Adults. Each is a nationally representative dietary survey using 7 d weighed food records for men and women, aged 16–64 years, living in private households in Great Britain in 1986–1987 and in 2000–2001.SettingGreat Britain.SubjectsData were analysed for 2197 adults in 1986–1987 and 1724 adults in 2000–2001.ResultsIn 1986–1987 12·7 % were classified as ‘compliers’ compared with 16·5 % in 2000–2001. Manual social classes, younger participants and people on benefits or outside paid employment were less likely to be ‘compliers’. Being divorced, widowed or separated was negatively related to being a ‘complier’, as was being in a household with dependant children or a lone parent with dependant children. Between 1986–1987 and 2000–2001 improvements were seen across social class groups and differences between men and women and between regions were reduced.ConclusionsOnly 12·7 % participants in the Dietary and Nutritional Surveys of British Adults were classified as ‘compliers’ in 1986–1987 compared with 16·5 % in 2000–2001. There have been some important changes in the distribution of ‘compliers’, but the low levels overall support the need for a reinvigorated policy drive to improve compliance with fruit and vegetable goals.

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Numgaudienė, Ariana, and Birutė Žygaitienė. "Content Analysis of Technology Teacher Training Programmes of Some European Countries." Pedagogika 113, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.1755.

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The article deals with the problems of designing and updating study programmes during the integration process of the Lithuanian education system into the European education space. After the substantial change of general programmes of Basic education(2008) and Secondary education (2011) and seeking to fully involve self-development of general cultural, subject specific, generic and specific competencies which are necessary for teachers, it is important to update the study programmes.The problem of the research: what content of technology teacher training programme should be from the innovations point of view in order to meet the expectations of the changing society.The object of the research: the innovative content of the technology teacher training programme.The aim of the research: to highlight the innovative aspects of the content of technology teacher training programmes, having performed content analysis of technology teacher training programmes of the universities of Lithuania and some European countries.Research methods:analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the programmes of universities of some European countries which provide training for technology teachers as well as the analysis of the legal acts and strategic education policy documents of the European Union and the Republic of Lithuania.Updating of the study programme of technological education is a permanent process, which is conditioned by the following factors: market economy and the needs of information society, the fact that higher education is becoming mass, penetration of humanistic ideas into the content of education as well as the valid unified study quality assessment policy in the European Union.Taking into account the recommendations of the international experts’ group and considering international changes of analogous study programmes, the Committee of Technology Pedagogics Study Programmes of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in cooperation with the social partners carried out a research of opinions of students, graduates, university lecturers and employers on the study quality.They also performed a comprehensive analysis of the Bachelor’s degree study programmes of some Western European universities. The analysis revealed that theoretical models of study programmes design of different European universities have similarities and differences, which are determined by the philosophical aspect, humanistic ideas and the context of the national education policy. In the research the experience of five universities from the innovations point of view was used: the University of Helsinki (Finland), Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (Great Britain), the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (Portugal), and the University of Iceland.The following elective subjects have been included in the study programme of technology pedagogics: pedagogical ethics, sustainable development and social welfare, educational creative projects, family health education, health promoting nutrition education, visualization of technology education, eco creations, national and global food culture, interior design, technology education for special needs students, art therapy, development of leadership competencies, formation of study archives. The hidden curriculum of the study programme of technology pedagogics is ethnic culture, ecology, project activities.

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7

Steele, JG, A. Sheiham, W. Marcenes, and A. W. G. Walls. "Diet and Nutrition in Great Britain." Gerodontology 15, no. 2 (December 1998): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.1998.00099.x.

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8

GOSTIN, LARRY, and DEREK RUSSELL DAVIES. "Mental handicap policy in Great Britain." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 11, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1983.tb00098.x.

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9

WALTERS, RUTH M. "Mental handicap policy in Great Britain." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 11, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1983.tb00149.x.

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10

Jones, Ian. "Transport policy and planning Great Britain." Australian Planner 47, no. 3 (September 2010): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509032.

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11

Henham, Ralph J. "Dangerousness and sentencing policy in Great Britain*." Policy Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1999): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879908423776.

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12

Goodwin, Phil. "Transformation of transport policy in Great Britain." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 33, no. 7-8 (September 1999): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-8564(99)00011-7.

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13

İlqar oğlu İlyasov, Mirpaşa. "Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/232-236.

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Bu məqalədə XXI əsrdə Böyük Britaniyanın xarici siyasətində strategiyaları, əsas istiqamətləri, siyasi arenada fəaliyyəti analiz ediləcək. Böyük Britaniyanın qarşısına qoyduğu məqsədlər, Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması prosesi, xarici siyasəti ilə bağlı yanaşmalar və xarici siyasətdə dövlətlərlə olan əlaqələrinin təhlil olunması aparılacaq. Brexit-ə səbəb olan amillər, Böyük Britaniyanın Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması və Brexit-nin səbəb olduğu reaksiyaların analizləri öz əksini bu yazıda tapacaq. ABŞ və Rusiya ilə olan münasibətləri, gələcək geosiyasi mənzərəsi, marağı və əməkdaşlıq etmək istədiyi regionlar haqqında məlumatlar əks olunacaq. Böyük Britaniyanın təhlükəsizlik və müdafiə məsələlərindən, təhlükəsiz enerji mənbələri və dövlətlərlə iqtisadi-ticari əməkdaşlıqdan danışılacaq. Böyük Britaniyanın köhnə müstəmləkələri ilə olan əlaqələri və bu əlaqələrin gələcək perpektivləri nəzərdən keçirilib analiz ediləcək. Hazırkı dövrdə Ukrayna məsələsi ilə bağlı Böyük Britaniyanın mövqeyi təhlil olunacaq.Müasir dövrdə Böyük Britaniyanın aktiv rolunun artması və faəliyyətinin əsas prioritet istiqamətləri bu məqalədə təhlil olunub, ümumiləşdiriləcək. Açar sözlər: siyasət, strategiya, BREXİT, inteqrasiya, maraqlar, suverenlik, beynəlxalq nizam, müttəfiqlik, ABŞ, Rusiya Mirpasha Ilgar İlyas Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period Abstract This article is about the XXI century of the United Kingdom. will analyze the foreign policy strategies, main directions and activities in the 20th century. The goals set by the United Kingdom, the process of leaving the European Union, its approaches to foreign policy and relations with states in foreign policy will be analyzed. The factors leading to Brexit, the UK's departure from the European Union and the analysis of the reactions caused by Brexit will be reflected in this article. Information about relations with the United States and Russia, the future geopolitical outlook, interests and regions with which it wishes to cooperate will be reflected. Britain's security and defence, secure energy sources and economic and commercial cooperation with states will be discussed. The relations with the former British colonies and the future prospects of these relations will be discussed and analyzed. At this time, the UK's position on Ukraine will be analysed. The growth of the UK's active role in modern times and the main priorities of its activities will be analyzed and summarized in this article. Key words: politics, strategy, BREXIT, integration, interests, sovereignty, international order, alliance, USA, Russia

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14

Zhorov, Evgeniy. "Regional economic policy of Great Britain: Thatcher swing." Socium i vlast, no. 2 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2018-2-42-47.

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15

Upchurch, Anna. "Linking cultural policy from Great Britain to Canada." International Journal of Cultural Policy 13, no. 3 (August 2007): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286630701556407.

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16

Oxley, Michael J. "Housing policy and tenants' organisations in Great Britain." Property Management 4, no. 3 (March 1986): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006624.

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17

Peden, G. C., Alan Booth, and Melvyn Pack. "Employment, Capital and Economic Policy: Great Britain, 1918-1939." Economic History Review 39, no. 3 (August 1986): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596365.

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18

Tapp, Alan, Adrian Davis, Clive Nancarrow, and Simon Jones. "Great Britain adults’ opinions on cycling: Implications for policy." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 89 (July 2016): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.05.001.

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19

O'Grady, John G., and Roger Williams. "An Appraisal of Liver Transplantation in Great Britain." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300002567.

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Since the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference (1983) concluded that liver transplantation was a procedure deserving of wider application to the treatment of end-stage liver disease, there has been a very considerable increase in the number of centers performing liver transplantation, in Europe as well as in the United States. The number of operations performed has increased logarithmically (Figure 1, in Höckerstedt and Kankaanpää, p. 453). With the detailed overall assessment of liver transplantation in Europe by Höckerstedt and Kankaanpää, we will take the opportunity to review the position in Great Britain from a physician's, i.e., non-surgeon's, viewpoint as seen from one of the two centers (Cambridge/King's College and Birmingham) currently recognized in this country. This is based on an experience of 255 cases dating from the first liver transplant performed in Great Britain by Professor Roy Y. Calne in May 1968.

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20

Ellis, Laura J. "Nutrition in Infancy: Policy, practice and problems in Britain." Nutrition Bulletin 22, no. 2 (September 1997): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.1997.tb01066.x.

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21

Chernomorova, T. "Regional Innovation Policies in Great Britain." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2012): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-4-93-104.

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United Kingdom (along with the United States and France) is among the countries that in their innovation policies focus on the leadership in science, on the implementation of large-scale projects, on covering all stages of the innovation cycle, usually with a significant amount of research and innovative capacity-building in the military field. The article is devoted to the development of science, technology and innovation in the UK, which is one of the main priorities of the economic policy of the British government. According to announced plans, the country should maintain and strengthen its leading position in the field of advanced technologies.

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22

Podolsky, Vadim. "History of the social policy in the United Kingdom." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016102-4.

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In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic approach and analysis of legal documents. It demonstrates the evolution of institutions and practices of social support in Great Britain. In this country social policy grew from church and private charity and developed at local level under centrally defined rules. Consistent presentation of social policy history in Great Britain is valuable for studies of charity, local self-government and social policy.

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23

Fisher, Patty. "History of School Meals in Great Britain." Nutrition and Health 4, no. 4 (January 1987): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010608700400402.

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This paper describes the early origins of the school meals service, their rapid growth in the second world war, their post war development and their recent retrenchment. The factors contributing to their early success and the problems to be overcome are discussed.

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24

Lang, Achim. "Collaborative Governance in Health and Technology Policy: The Use and Effects of Procedural Policy Instruments." Administration & Society 51, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716664163.

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Stimulating technological innovations and limiting access to expensive health technology require the coordination and coherence of overlapping policy sub-systems: research, market access, and reimbursement. This study investigates which procedural policy instruments proved more successful in integrating collaborative governance arrangements in Great Britain and Germany. A new classification of procedural policy instruments is developed based on the targeted dimensions of collaborative governance (network structure and policy phase). The comparative analysis rests on expert interviews and meeting records and reveals that, in Great Britain, active leadership prevails during the consultations, while Germany, in contrast, presents a case of inconsistent governance.

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Lim, Kwangsoo. "The Shift of a Dividend Policy and a Leverage Policy during the 2008 Financial Crisis." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 5, no. 6 (October 21, 2016): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v5i6.600.

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This paper investigates how firms shifted their dividend policies and leverage policies in response to the economic shock caused by the 2008 financial crisis. The sample countries are United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Australia, Japan, China, and Korea. The empirical relationship of firms’ dividend policies with their capital structures and earnings was likely to undergo a major change around the 2008 financial crisis, as firms adjusted their capital structures and dividend policies in response to the extreme credit crunch caused by the financial crisis. The extent and the speed that firms deleverage themselves and reduce their dividends were likely to be influenced by countries’ cultural and social norms. This paper finds a significant reduction in dividends across sample countries except Great Britain and France after the 2008 crisis. This finding supports the free cash flow theory that dividends are paid to dissipate free cash flow to address agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. This paper finds a higher correlation between dividends and leverages before the 2008 crisis, and that it strengthened after the crisis except Great Britain and Korea. This finding is consistent more with the pecking order theory than with the trade-off theory of leverage.

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Woods, Kevin J. "Political Devolution and the Health Services in Great Britain." International Journal of Health Services 34, no. 2 (April 2004): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttjp-flc3-2dgm-jne9.

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Horbliuk, Serhii Anatoliyovych. "FORMATION OF URBAN REVITALIZATION POLICY IN GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE." Expert: Paradigm of Law and Public Administration 10, no. 4 (2020): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32689/2617-9660-2020-4(10)-196-207.

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Reynolds, Debby. "A review of tuberculosis science and policy in Great Britain." Veterinary Microbiology 112, no. 2-4 (February 2006): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.042.

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Not Available, Not Available. "Employment Policy Strategies and Successes: Great Britain and France compared." Economic Bulletin 37, no. 2 (February 10, 2000): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101600050007.

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30

Boyer, George R. "The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 3 (January 2004): 393–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504771997908.

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The history of unemployment relief in Britain from 1834 to 1911 was not a “unilinear progression in collective benevolence,” culminating in unemployment insurance. The combination of poor relief and private charity to assist cyclically unemployed workers from 1834 to 1870 was more generous, and more certain, than the relief provided for the unemployed under the various policies adopted from 1870 to 1911. A major shift in policy occurred in the 1870s, largely in response to the crisis of the Poor Law in the 1860s. Because the new policy—a combination of self-help and charity—proved unable to cope with the high unemployment of cyclical downturns, Parliament in 1911 bowed to political pressure for a national system of relief by adopting the world's first compulsory system of unemployment insurance.

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Wharton, Brian A. "Weaning in Britain: Practice, policy and problems." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56, no. 1A (March 1997): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19970014.

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Ivanov, DMITRY V., and VALERIA V. Pchelintseva. "INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE POST-BREXIT MIGRATION POLICY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-4-65-34-46.

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Introduction. In March 2022, the Home Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain published the Statement on New Immigration Plan according to which persons having no right to reside on its territory would be removed to “safe third countries” according to the agreements with such states. On April 13th, 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding between Great Britain and Rwanda was signed prescribing that persons whose applications for asylum were not considered by Great Britain be removed to Rwanda for those applications to be considered by the latter. Incompatibility of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain with its international law obligations justifies the topicality of the assessment of its implications for codification and progressive development of international law. Materials and Methods. The assessment of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain from the standpoint of international law includes the matching of the provisions of the international and national acts adopted by Great Britain as well as official statements of its state bodies and officials and the provisions of universal treaties and “soft law” acts. The writings of the publicists studying international law aspects of forced migration, asylum and human rights served as theoretical framework of the present study. Research Results. The assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding reveals the incompatibility of its provisions with the international law norms on asylum and human rights. Such international law policy of the state should be regarded as an example of rejection of international law which is referred to as “international law nihilism” in Russian legal doctrine.Discussions and conclusions. The authors argue that further adoption of legal and political measures contrary to states’ obligations under treaties and international custom as well as the absence of expressed official positions of states with regards to such measures may have an impact on construction and application of international law norms governing legal status of forced migrants.

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Vietrynskyi, I. "Australian Foreign Policy during the World War II." Problems of World History, no. 18 (November 8, 2022): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-18-3.

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The article is related to the establishment of Australian foreign policy tradition and becoming of Australia as a subject of international relations. The significant role of the dominions during First World War Great and their help for Great Britain victory, intensified their struggle for independence. As the result of long-term efforts, dominions reached the proclamation of the Balfour Declaration in 1926 by London, which was later confirmed by the Statute of Westminster (1931), which established the authority for dominions for an independent foreign policy. The development of Australian foreign policy before and during World War II was analyzed. The evolution of the relations of the Australia and Great Britain in the context of the events of the World War II is traced, in particular the peculiarities of the allied relations of the two countries. There is shown the regional dimension of the World War II within the Asia-Pacific region, in the context of Australia and the United States actions against Japanese aggression. There are analyzed the peculiarities of external threats effect on the transformation of the Australian foreign policy strategy, in particular in the national security sphere. The main threat for Australia in that period become Japanise aggressive and expansionist policy in the Asia-Pacific region. A lot of Australian soldiers and military equipment were sent to Great Britain to support traditional allie. But in actual strategic situation in Europe there were great doubts that British troops and the navy would be able to effectively help Australians in case of an attack by Japan. Politics of national security and defense of Australia in the context of its participation in World War II is considered. In the conditions of real threat of Japanese invasion, as well as the lack of sure to receive necessary support from Great Britain, the Australian government start to find a military alliance with the USA. There were identified the key implications of World War II for Australian socio-economic system.

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Varady, David P. "Local housing plans: Learning from Great Britain." Housing Policy Debate 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 253–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1996.9521222.

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DEANS, ZUZANA. "CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS IN PHARMACY PRACTICE IN GREAT BRITAIN." Bioethics 27, no. 1 (July 29, 2011): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01918.x.

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Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.

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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authorities on the issue of disputed territories developed with a pendulum dynamic. Periods of de-escalation of the conflict and the development of cooperation with Great Britain, coupled with a friendly attitude towards the islanders, were replaced by phases of the dominance of irreconcilable discourse with a strong demand for the “termination of the colonization policy” by the British authorities. Relations between Argentina and Great Britain after the end of hostilities can be divided into several stages. Regardless of the direction of the course of the next government, the issue of sovereignty over disputed territories has never been removed from the agenda. The Argentine side certainly used the “Malvinas question” as an instrument of domestic policy. Currently, the conflict is in a latent phase with no prospect of an early resolution.

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Reeves, Christopher D. "Policy for conservation of heritage railway signal boxes in Great Britain." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1142697.

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Henry, C. Jeya K., Helen J. Lightowler, Caroline M. Strik, and Michael Storey. "Glycaemic index values for commercially available potatoes in Great Britain." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051571.

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The glycaemic response to eight potato varieties commercially available in Great Britain was compared against a glucose standard in a non-blind, randomised, repeated measure, crossover design trial. Seventeen healthy subjects (three males, fouteen females), mean age 32 (sd 13) years and mean BMI 22·3 (sd 3·6) kg/m2, were recruited to the study. Subjects were served portions of eight potato varieties and a standard food (glucose), on separate occasions, each containing 50 g carbohydrate. Capillary blood glucose was measured from finger-prick samples in fasted subjects (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the consumption of each test food. For each potato variety, the glycaemic index (GI) value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. The eight potato varieties exhibited a wide range in GI values from 56 to 94. A trend was seen whereby potatoes with waxy textures produced medium GI values, whilst floury potatoes had high GI values. Considering the widespread consumption of potatoes in Great Britain (933–1086 g per person per week), this information could be used to help lower the overall GI and glycaemic load of the diets of the British population.

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Khodarkovsky, Michael. "The Great Game in the North Caucasus." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 49, no. 2-3 (2015): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04902017.

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Datskiv, I. "Peculiarities of Ukrainian-British Diplomatic Relations During the Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1921)." Problems of World History, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2017-4-11.

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This article analyzes the foreign policy of Great Britain to Ukraine in 1917-1921 years. Features of relations between England and the Ukrainian governments during national liberation movement are shown. The impact of Great Britain on the political formation and the development of Ukrainian statehood is revealed International, political and military background of the Ukrainian-British rapprochement in revolutionary days is clarified . It is indicated that an important factor shifted foreign policy orientation towards the Entente was the participation of the Ukrainian delegation under the leadership of I. Korostovetzin in the conference of Entente states in Iasi in early November 1918. It is established that interest in Ukraine and its struggle for statehood was shown by foreign diplomats accredited to the government of UРR. Consular offices of the Entente (including Great Britain) and neutral states continued their activities in Ukraine. It is shown that Great Britain and other Entente powers ignored the legitimate right of the Ukrainian people for national independence and the unity of its lands.

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King, Anthony. "GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO BUDGET SCARCITY: GREAT BRITAIN." Policy Studies Journal 13, no. 3 (March 1985): 476–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1985.tb01585.x.

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Bolshakov, A. "Regulatory Autonomy of Great Britain: Problems and Perspectives." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 7 (2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-7-71-79.

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Sovereignty does not imply regulatory autonomy. After Brexit, the UK should align its regulatory policy with European norms, if it is interested in close partnership with the EU. Compromises must be made by both sides in order to ensure stability of the partnership. The EU will have to acknowledge the UK’s right to diverge from European rules. Britain will have to partly accept the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice. The structure of dispute settlement mechanism which will be created under the partnership agreement should be a product of a compromise. The present study shows that optimal structure of dispute settlement mechanism must include two different procedures: one for political issues and the other for commercial issues. The central role for the European Court of Justice must be envisaged as a part of politically oriented procedure. There must be no role for the European Court of Justice or any Union to set the pace of political communication. The latter reflects the interest of Great Britain to simplify economic relations, which means that, firstly, disputes are resolved by independent arbiters; secondly, the EU acknowledges the UK’s right to diverge from European regulations; and thirdly, the UK accepts the EU’s right to impose countervailing duties to compensate for adverse effects of divergence on competition. This article also examines the main problems of future British regulatory policy, especially in the field of state aid. Boris Johnson’s government has decided not to form a full-fledged regulatory regime in the area of state aid. Its stance is politically appropriate since Conservative party manifesto for the 2019 general election promised to support local industries without limitations. But that decision created a great deal of economic risk. Firstly, the absence of a domestic subsidy control regulator can cause chaos within regulation system because workable norms and rules can only be sustained by a tight enforcement mechanism. Secondly, the EU can cite lack of subsidy control as an obstacle for British business to have unrestricted access to the European market.

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Innes, John L. "Influence of air pollution on the foliar nutrition of conifers in Great Britain." Environmental Pollution 88, no. 2 (1995): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)91443-o.

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Hepworth, M. E., A. E. Green, and A. E. Gillespie. "The Spatial Division of Information Labour in Great Britain." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 6 (June 1987): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190793.

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In this paper the prevailing geography of the information economy in Great Britain is examined. Attention is focused on the 1981 labour-force share of information occupations at the level of standard regions. This occupation approach, as developed by Porat, is interrelated with Singlemann's sectoral classification in order to provide a new view of the information-based service economy in a regional context. The spatial division of information labour in Great Britain is identified and its theoretical and policy implications are discussed. It is shown that, despite regional differences in industrial specialisation, job prospects in all parts of the country are increasingly dependent on information-based services. There is, however, clear evidence of Greater London's dominance of the information economy, particularly in higher-order information occupations related to management and control functions and specialised producer-services activities. It is suggested that innovations in information technology (computer-communications networks) will reinforce this uneven geography of employment opportunities, particularly with the further integration of Britain into the global information economy. In this light, theoretical approaches to regional economic policy must embody an international dimension and address the transsectoral nature of information-based development in which the new technologies play a central role.

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O'Leary, Nigel C., and Peter J. Sloane. "The Return to a University Education in Great Britain." National Institute Economic Review 193 (July 2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058559.

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In this paper, we estimate the rate of return to first degrees, Masters degrees and PhDs in Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. We estimate returns to broad subject groups and more narrowly defined disciplines, distinguishing returns by gender and controlling for variations in student quality across disciplines. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity in returns to particular degree programmes and by gender, which have important policy implications for charging students for the costs of their education.

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Gough, Judith. "The Unwavering Support." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 244–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-17.

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The interview with Judith Gough, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to Ukraine, reveals Her Excellency’s opinion on a range of issues and the position of Great Britain on security matters. The article states Great Britain was one of the pioneers of the campaign for the imposition of sanctions against the Russian Federation in response to its aggression against Ukraine. Great Britain also highly appreciates the support of Ukraine after the Salisbury incident. Specifically, here the reader will find articulated Great Britain’s position relating to the Minsk process, which can be succinctly described by a phrase ‘there is no such thing as an ideal peace process.’ The negotiations are always associated with difficulties and never finish at a pace desired. However, the paramount task of today is to stop hostilities in Donbas. The interview goes on to explore the role of the NATO Contact Point Embassy, which consists in that every NATO Member State undertakes the functions to carry out NATO public diplomacy, assists the NATO Liaison Office in communicating with citizens of the receiving state, and makes clear what the organization is and what its activities are. It is stressed it is the first time when such functions are jointly undertaken by two countries, Great Britain and Canada. Thus, Ukraine has gained the support of two states at the same time. The article also underlines that Great Britain does not intend to change its visa policy towards Ukraine. However, that is not a discriminatory model, as such a policy is applied to the entire world in the same manner. An important aspect of this matter in the relations between Ukraine and Great Britain is an ever-growing number of visas issued. It is mentioned that Brexit has not changed the policy of Great Britain towards Ukraine, has not affected the decision to support Ukraine, and has not decreased an interest to it. After the referendum, the support has become even more evident. The number of visits at the ministerial level has also increased. The article delineates the importance of such organisation as the British Council, providing not only English tutor lessons at a globally recognised level but also vigorously taking part in the realm of cultural diplomacy. Key words: Ukrainian-British relations, Brexit, NATO, Minsk process.

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Makarchuk, K. O., and M. V. Shuba. "Ukraine and Great Britain Trade Cooperation: The Current State and Prospects." Business Inform 12, no. 515 (2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-12-65-71.

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The article is aimed at determining the current state and prospects for the development of trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain. For Ukraine, cooperation with the the United Kingdom as one of the world’s trade leaders can be a promising direction. The dynamics of foreign trade in goods and services of Ukraine with Great Britain are provided. The increase in Ukrainian exports of goods may continue after the Great Britain leaves the EU, as, unlike other EU countries, Great Britain pursues a less protectionist policy on agricultural products. The commodity structure of exports and imports, as well as changes in the structure of foreign trade in the services of Ukraine and Great Britain over the past 5 years are analyzed. The main commodities exported by Ukraine are ferrous metals, grain crops, fats and oils of both animal and vegetable origin. The structure of British imports of goods is dominated by goods with high added value. Great Britain is one of Ukraine’s main foreign trade partners in the trade in services. A positive process for Ukraine is the increase in the share of services exports in the sphere of telecommunications, computer and information services. It is determined that trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain during the researched period is characterized, in general, by positive dynamics. Positive changes include a gradual reduction in the negative balance of Ukrainian trade with great Britain due to faster growth of Ukrainian exports. At the same time, the unresolved problem remains low-diversified exports of Ukraine with low added value. Prospects for further trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain in the context of signing the Agreement on Political Cooperation, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership between Ukraine and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are examined.

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Hrubinko, Andrii. "Great Britain in European External and Security Policy: Review of Western Historiography." European Historical Studies, no. 8 (2017): 8–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.08.8-38.

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The article analyzes the achievements of Western historical science in research of the problem of Britain’s participation in the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author classified scientific publications into three groups: 1) general works on the history of formation the EU’s CFSP; 2) publications on the history of participation the United Kingdom in European integration as a direction of European foreign policy of the state; 3) works, which devoted specifically to the topic of British participation in European foreign and security policy. The results of monitoring the leading foreign scientific publications, the most frequently published materials on European integration and European policy of the United Kingdom are presented. A list of leading scientific centers for the research of the identified issues is also presented. The historical experience of British involvement in the formation and implementation of the EU’s CFSP in Western historiography is mainly covered in general context of the British government’s position on European integration. It was stated that the United Kingdom’s participation in the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union was included in the list topics of research of European (including British) and American scientists, but remains poorly developed. Major scientific developments by European continental and British researchers are presented. Instead, in American historiography, these issues, especially Britain’s role in the CFSP, haven’t been adequately researched. In British historiography, there is a marked opposition between the “Euro-skeptic” and “Euro-optimistic” (pro-European) paradigms. In the published works the analysis of theoretical and conceptual principles, strategic approaches of British governments to the foreign policy component of European integration prevails at different stages of its development. In all three historiographic groups preference is given to research the history of military-political cooperation within the EU, development of ESDP / CSDP. The issues of British participation in the EU CFSP in the period of D. Cameron’s government (2010-2016), practical foreign policy activities of the Community remain insufficiently researched. The topics of the role of British governments in shaping and developing the Eastern European policy of the EU and the Neighborhood policy remain though basically unexplored.

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Hrubinko, Andrii. "Great Britain in European Foreign and Security Policy: review of western historiography." Aktual’ni problemi pravoznavstva 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/app2017.04.014.

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50

GELLA, T. N. ""THE ENGLISH QUESTION" IN THE DEVOLUTION POLICY OF IN MODERN GREAT BRITAIN." Central Russian Journal Of Social Sciences 12, no. 5 (2017): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2071-2367-2017-12-5-148-155.

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