Journal articles on the topic 'Nutrition policy Australia'
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Fisher, Frank G. "Towards a food and nutrition policy for Australia." Food Policy 11, no. 4 (November 1986): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(86)90020-5.
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Mehta, Kaye, Sue Booth, John Coveney, and Lyndall Strazdins. "Feeding the Australian family: challenges for mothers, nutrition and equity." Health Promotion International 35, no. 4 (July 21, 2019): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz061.
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Abstract Australian women shoulder the bulk of household duties including family food provisioning, despite increasing participation in the workforce. This research aimed to understand employed mothers’ daily-lived experience of family food provisioning, in particular, the intersection between family food provisioning, gender inequality and nutritional guidelines as they impact women’s time and health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 employed mothers in South Australia. Participants had at least one child aged less than 13 years. Qualitative data was analysed using a thematic content approach. Time-scarcity was common and associated with stress in relation to family food provisioning; this relationship was particularly apparent among employed mothers who were also studying. Most mothers valued nutrition and strove to provide nutritious meals, although they tended to work from their own nutritional understandings, not the national nutrition guidelines; they saw the nutrition guidelines as unhelpful because of the time demands that were implied. The study invites policy makers, practitioners and researchers to consider time for family food provisioning as a social determinant of family as well as women’s health, and structural strategies to address this health inequity for women.
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Baker, Phillip, Sharon Friel, Deborah Gleeson, Anne-Marie Thow, and Ronald Labonte. "Trade and nutrition policy coherence: a framing analysis and Australian case study." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (May 21, 2019): 2329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000752.
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AbstractObjective:Maximising synergies and minimising conflicts (i.e. building policy coherence) between trade and nutrition policy is an important objective. One understudied driver of policy coherence is the alignment in the frames, discourses and values of actors involved in the respective sectors. In the present analysis, we aim to understand how such actors interpret (i.e. ‘frame’) nutrition and the implications for building trade–nutrition policy coherence.Design:We adopted a qualitative single case study design, drawing on key informant interviews with those involved in trade policy.Setting:We focused on the Australian trade policy sub-system, which has historically emphasised achieving market growth and export opportunities for Australian food producers.Participants:Nineteen key informants involved in trade policy spanning the government, civil society, business and academic sectors.Results:Nutrition had low ‘salience’ in Australian trade policy for several reasons. First, it was not a domestic political priority in Australia nor among its trading partners; few advocacy groups were advocating for nutrition in trade policy. Second, a ‘productivist’ policy paradigm in the food and trade policy sectors strongly emphasised market growth, export opportunities and deregulation over nutrition and other social objectives. Third, few opportunities existed for health advocates to influence trade policy, largely because of limited consultation processes. Fourth, the complexity of nutrition and its inter-linkages with trade presented difficulties for developing a ‘broader discourse’ for engaging the public and political leaders on the topic.Conclusions:Overcoming these ‘ideational challenges’ is likely to be important to building greater coherence between trade and nutrition policy going forward.
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Carey, Rachel, Martin Caraher, Mark Lawrence, and Sharon Friel. "Opportunities and challenges in developing a whole-of-government national food and nutrition policy: lessons from Australia’s National Food Plan." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001834.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present article tracks the development of the Australian National Food Plan as a ‘whole of government’ food policy that aimed to integrate elements of nutrition and sustainability alongside economic objectives.DesignThe article uses policy analysis to explore the processes of consultation and stakeholder involvement in the development of the National Food Plan, focusing on actors from the sectors of industry, civil society and government. Existing documentation and submissions to the Plan were used as data sources. Models of health policy analysis and policy streams were employed to analyse policy development processes.SettingAustralia.SubjectsAustralian food policy stakeholders.ResultsThe development of the Plan was influenced by powerful industry groups and stakeholder engagement by the lead ministry favoured the involvement of actors representing the food and agriculture industries. Public health nutrition and civil society relied on traditional methods of policy influence, and the public health nutrition movement failed to develop a unified cross-sector alliance, while the private sector engaged in different ways and presented a united front. The National Food Plan failed to deliver an integrated food policy for Australia. Nutrition and sustainability were effectively sidelined due to the focus on global food production and positioning Australia as a food ‘superpower’ that could take advantage of the anticipated ‘dining boom’ as incomes rose in the Asia-Pacific region.ConclusionsNew forms of industry influence are emerging in the food policy arena and public health nutrition will need to adopt new approaches to influencing public policy.
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Helson, Catherine, Ruth Walker, Claire Palermo, Kim Rounsefell, Yudit Aron, Catherine MacDonald, Petah Atkinson, and Jennifer Browne. "Is Aboriginal nutrition a priority for local government? A policy analysis." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 16 (August 14, 2017): 3019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001902.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore how Australian local governments prioritise the health and well-being of Aboriginal populations and the extent to which nutrition is addressed by local government health policy.DesignIn the state of Victoria, Australia, all seventy-nine local governments’ public health policy documents were retrieved. Inclusion of Aboriginal health and nutrition in policy documents was analysed using quantitative content analysis. Representation of Aboriginal nutrition ‘problems’ and ‘solutions’ was examined using qualitative framing analysis. The socio-ecological framework was used to classify the types of Aboriginal nutrition issues and strategies within policy documents.SettingVictoria, Australia.SubjectsLocal governments’ public health policy documents (n79).ResultsA small proportion (14 %,n11) of local governments addressed Aboriginal health and well-being in terms of nutrition. Where strategies aimed at nutrition existed, they mostly focused on individual factors rather than the broader macroenvironment.ConclusionsA limited number of Victorian local governments address nutrition as a health issue for their Aboriginal populations in policy documents. Nutrition needs to be addressed as a community and social responsibility rather than merely an individual ‘behaviour’. Partnerships are required to ensure Aboriginal people lead government policy development.
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Cullerton, K., T. Donnet, A. Lee, and D. Gallegos. "Exploring power and influence in nutrition policy in Australia." Obesity Reviews 17, no. 12 (October 5, 2016): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12459.
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Sulda, Heidi, John Coveney, and Michael Bentley. "An investigation of the ways in which public health nutrition policy and practices can address climate change." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 3 (June 23, 2009): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009990334.
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AbstractObjectiveTo develop a framework to guide action in the public health nutrition workforce to develop policies and practices addressing factors contributing to climate change.DesignAction/consultative research.SettingInterviews – South Australia, questionnaire – Australia.SubjectsInterviews – key informants (n 6) were from various government, academic and non-government positions, invited through email. Questionnaire – participants were members of the public health nutrition workforce (n 186), recruited to the study through emails from public health nutrition contacts for each State in Australia (with the exception of South Australia).ResultsSupport by participants for climate change as a valid role for dietitians and nutritionists was high (78 %). However, climate change was ranked low against other public health nutrition priorities. Support of participants to conduct programmes to address climate change from professional and work organisations was low. The final framework developed included elements of advocacy/lobbying, policy, professional recognition/support, organisational support, knowledge/skills, partnerships and programmes.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates a need for public health nutrition to address climate change, which requires support by organisations, policy, improved knowledge and increased professional development opportunities.
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Cullerton, Katherine, Tom White, and Amanda Lee. "Doctors Rule: An Analysis of Health Ministers’ Diaries in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132440.
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Limited progress in nutrition policy action is often blamed on the close relationships the food industry has with health policy decision-makers. This analysis sought to examine this belief through the analysis of health ministers’ diaries. Entries were downloaded from health ministers’ diaries from two states in Australia from January 2013 to June 2018. Entries were coded according to which interest group met with the minister or whether general parliamentary business was undertaken. Coding was also undertaken for any meeting topics related to nutrition policy. Analysis of health ministers’ diaries found that the food industry has limited documented interaction with the two state health ministers in Australia. Instead, medical associations, private hospitals and health services, and sporting associations (rugby league associations) had the most interactions with health ministers. Poor representation was seen on nutrition issues, and there was an apparent lack of nutrition advocates interacting with the health ministers. There are opportunities for nutrition advocates to increase their level of interaction with state health ministers. This could include building alliances with medical associations, as they are in a powerful position, to advocate directly to health ministers. Health ministers’ diaries can provide valuable insights into who is meeting officially with ministers. However, there are also limitations with the dataset.
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D'Cunha, Nathan, Jane Kellett, Stephen Isbel, Elizabeth Low, Stephanie Mulhall, Brittany Harriden, Felix Liu, et al. "Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living in the Australian Capital Territory: Study Protocol." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab057_001.
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Abstract Objectives There are a growing number of people aged over 55 years living in retirement communities in Australia. These communities typically consist of accommodation, services and community facilities which cater to older people and the desire to maintain independence. The Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living (NutriHAT-RL) study aims to investigate the nutrition and lifestyle-based behaviours which contribute to healthy ageing and the maintenance of social and physical functioning among older people living in retirement communities. Methods This study will recruit a total of 2,770 people aged 55 years or over living in retirement communities in the Australian Capital Territory and southern New South Wales regions of Australia for a four-year prospective longitudinal study commencing in March 2021. A range of measures, including nutritional intake, health and lifestyle behaviours, cognitive and psychological function, and physical health, will be completed on three occasions over a total of four years. Participants will complete a face-to-face comprehensive, validated food frequency questionnaire at each time point. Risk of malnutrition and nutritional behaviour (emotional appetite and intuitive eating) will also be evaluated. Multiple mental, social, and physical health domains will be assessed at each time point. This will include cognitive and mental health (depression, anxiety, and loneliness) screening, social and occupational functioning questionnaires, self-reported and observed physical function assessments, and sleep quality. Bitter taste endophenotype, salivary C-reactive protein, telomere length, and blood biomarkers associated with healthy ageing will also be evaluated. Results Ethics approval has been obtained through the University of Canberra Human Ethics Research Committee (UCHREC-2306). To reduce risk of COVID-19 transmissions, a risk mitigation plan has been developed. Conclusions The NutriHAT-RL study will be the first Australian longitudinal study with a focus on nutrition and healthy ageing in people living in retirement communities. Findings from this study will contribute to understanding of nutrition and healthy ageing in this growing population and will inform policy and practice related to nutrition and ageing in place. Funding Sources N/A.
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Gidley, Michael J. "Food quality, safety, and functionality – relevance to nutrition security." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012002.
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Abstract Achieving nutrition security through diet quality is a major challenge globally, as reflected in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. To aid in this, there is a global consensus that diet quality is a result of overall dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients. This puts the emphasis on food quality and availability and is causing a major re-think in the science of nutrition. Recently, the Australian Academy of Science produced a Decadal Plan for the Science of Nutrition (https://www.science.org.au/supporting-science/science-policy-and-analysis/decadal-plans-science/nourishing-australia-decadal-plan) that identified three areas of focus: Social Determinants, Nutrition Mechanisms and Precision Nutrition as well as the Enabling Platforms that should result in greater opportunities to achieve nutrition security. This presentation will discuss these three areas and platforms in the context of targets for agriculture and food processing.
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Ball, Lauren, Patricia Lee, Gina L. Ambrosini, Kyra Hamilton, and Haitham Tuffaha. "How often should general practitioners provide nutrition care to patients? A forecasting activity to determine the target frequency for chronic-disease management in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 5 (2016): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16060.
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Supporting patients to have healthy dietary behaviours contributes significantly to preventing and managing lifestyle-related chronic diseases. ‘Nutrition care’ refers to any practice provided by a health professional to support a patient to improve their dietary behaviours and subsequent health outcomes. Approximately 3% of consultations by Australian general practitioners (GPs) involve the provision of nutrition care. The aim of the present paper was to forecast the potential implications of a higher frequency of nutrition care by GPs. Evidence on the effect of improved dietary behaviours on chronic disease outcomes, number of Australian adults estimated to have poor dietary behaviours and effectiveness of GPs providing nutrition care were taken into consideration. Using hypertension as a case example, for GPs to provide nutrition care to all hypertensive adults who would benefit from improved dietary behaviours, GPs would need to provide nutrition care in a target rate of 4.85% of consultations or 4.5 million different patients each year. The target aligns with the existing priorities for supporting chronic-disease prevention and management in Australia by increasing the rate that brief lifestyle interventions are provided by primary health professionals. This conservative target presents a considerable challenge for GPs, support staff, researchers and policy makers, but can be used to inform future interventions to support nutrition care by GPs.
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Iuliano, Sandra, Tanya Lawlis, and Alison Coates. "Abstracts of the 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, QT Hotel, Canberra, Australia, 27–30 November 2018." Proceedings 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019005002.
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The 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia was held in Canberra, Australia from November 27 to 30, 2018. The theme of the meeting was Nutrition Science: The nexus between health policy and practice. Abstracts were submitted from 21 countries. Two-hundred-and-forty-four registrants attended the conference and 175 papers were presented consisting of 14 plenary, 77 oral and 84 poster presentations. This issue presents the proceedings of this meeting in the form of abstracts for papers presented at the conference.
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WORSLEY, ANTHONY, and SUSAN MURPHY. "Attitudes to food and nutrition policy from five different sectors in Australia." Health Promotion International 9, no. 4 (1994): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/9.4.231.
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Davies, P. S. W., J. Funder, D. J. Palmer, J. Sinn, M. H. Vickers, and C. R. Wall. "Early life nutrition and the opportunity to influence long-term health: an Australasian perspective." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 7, no. 5 (January 26, 2016): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415007989.
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There are now significant data to support the hypothesis that early life nutrition in the fetus, infant and young child can have profound effects on long-term health. This review considers some of this evidence with specific reference to the current burden of disease in Australia and New Zealand. As the findings of further research become available, recommendations on optimizing early life nutrition should be formulated and made widely available as part of the preventative health policy agenda in both Australia and New Zealand.
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Cass, Sarah, Lauren Ball, and Michael Leveritt. "Australian practice nurses’ perceptions of their role and competency to provide nutrition care to patients living with chronic disease." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 2 (2014): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12118.
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Nutrition is important in the management of chronic disease, and practice nurses in the Australian primary care setting are increasingly providing nutrition care to patients living with chronic disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate practice nurses’ perceptions of their role and competency to provide nutrition care to patients living with chronic disease in Australia. Twenty practice nurses currently employed in general practice participated in an individual semi-structured telephone interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Practice nurses perceived themselves to be in a prime position to provide opportunistic nutrition care to patients. Participants perceived that the ideal role of a practice nurse is to advocate for nutrition and provide a basic level of nutrition care to patients; however, the interpretation of the term ‘basic’ varied between participants. Participants perceived that practice nurses are highly trusted and approachable, which they valued as important characteristics for the provision of nutrition care. Barriers to providing nutrition care included time constraints, lack of nutrition knowledge and lack of confidence. Participants were concerned about the availability and accessibility of nutrition education opportunities for practice nurses. The present study has demonstrated that practice nurses perceive themselves as having a significant role in the provision of nutrition care to patients with chronic disease in the Australian primary care setting. Further investigation of strategies to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition care provision by practice nurses is warranted.
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Somerville, Mari, Lauren Ball, Amy Kirkegaard, and Lauren T. Williams. "How do patients want to receive nutrition care? Qualitative findings from Australian health consumers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 28, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21077.
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This qualitative descriptive study explored health consumers’ preferences for receiving nutrition care in Australian primary care. The study was underpinned by a constructivist research paradigm. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 25 health consumers (age 19–78 years; 19 female) from across Australia between May and August 2020. Content analysis, using an inductive approach revealed emergent themes. was used to reveal emergent themes. Five themes were identified in the data: (1) health consumers want to receive nutrition care from a qualified person; (2) nutrition care is viewed as important, and health consumers want to receive it in a format that meets their needs; (3) nutrition care should be low cost and available to everyone; (4) nutrition care services should be conveniently located; and (5) health consumers want nutrition care to be offered frequently, across their lifespan. Health consumers have a clear idea of how they would like to receive nutrition care in the primary care setting, but reported challenges to receiving this care within the current system. New models of service delivery are needed to meet the needs of health consumers.
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Heenan, Maddie, Stephen Jan, Katherine Cullerton, and Janani Shanthosh. "A political economy analysis protocol: Case study implementing nutrition and sustainability policy into government food procurement." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0274246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274246.
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Most Australian state and territory governments have healthy food provisioning policies targeting availability of unhealthy food at the retail level, and sustainability policies promoting a life-cycle approach to procurement. However, it remains unclear if health and sustainability are important considerations in awarding contracts, and whether these high-level policies are implemented into supplier contracts. A political economy analysis framework has been developed to prospectively identify and explain barriers and enablers to policy implementation. Using food procurement in Queensland and South Australia as case studies, the political economy analysis seeks to understand the structural and contextual factors, bargaining processes, stakeholders, and incentives and ideas surrounding food procurement. It involves a desktop and content analysis of existing policies and food contracts, and key informant interviews with government and industry stakeholders. Participants will be targeted across different departments (e.g. health, environment, treasury) and in varying roles from policy design, contract management and food service, and industry suppliers in different food and drink categories (e.g. meat, packaged foods, beverages, fruit & vegetables). Participants will be recruited using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts will be undertaken, informed by the political economy analysis framework. The study will identify current food procurement policy implementation barriers and enablers, including why high-level policies aren’t embedded into contracts, mechanisms for achieving policy coherence and future opportunities for addressing barriers and incorporating socio-economic, public health and environmental considerations into purchasing practices. Ultimately, the study will achieve impact by informing a whole of government approach to health and the environment by elevating the priority of health and sustainability in procurement (short term), increasing the availability of healthy and sustainable foods (medium term), and improving health and environmental outcomes (long term). To our knowledge this is the first political economy analysis of food procurement in Australia.
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Thuraisingam, Shanthi, Lynn Riddell, Kay Cook, and Mark Lawrence. "The politics of developing reference standards for nutrient intakes: the case of Australia and New Zealand." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000800459x.
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AbstractObjectiveNutrient Reference Values (NRV) are evidence-based benchmarks for assessing the dietary adequacy of individuals and population groups as well as informing public health nutrition policies and programmes. The present paper presents the findings of an analysis of the views of submitters to a draft document associated with the development of the 2006 NRV for Australia and New Zealand. The aim of the study was to explore how these views were reflected in the policy-making process and final policy document.DesignThe information necessary to fulfil this aim required access to stakeholder submissions to the NRV development process and this necessitated exploiting the provisions of the Commonwealth of Australia’s Freedom of Information (FOI) Act 1982. We understand that the present research represents the first time that an FOI request seeking information about a National Health and Medical Research Council food and nutrition policy process has been made and therefore is novel in its approach to public health nutrition policy analysis.ResultsThe analysis of stakeholder submissions identified that stakeholders had particular concerns about the conduct of the review process and the future application of the nutrient values to policy and programmes. There is a lack of evidence that the majority of stakeholder comments were addressed in the final NRV document.ConclusionAlthough these findings cannot be interpreted to assess the validity or otherwise of the set nutrient values, they do raise questions about the process for their development and the adequacy of the final document to reflect the views of key stakeholders.
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Law, Kristy Karying, Claire Elizabeth Pulker, Janelle Diann Healy, and Christina Mary Pollard. "“Just So You Know, It Has Been Hard”: Food Retailers’ Perspectives of Implementing a Food and Nutrition Policy in Public Healthcare Settings." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062053.
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Mandated policies to improve food environments in public settings are an important strategy for governments. Most Australian governments have mandated policies or voluntary standards for healthy food procurement in healthcare facilities, however, implementation and compliance are poor. A better understanding of the support required to successfully implement such policies is needed. This research explored food retailers’ experiences in implementing a mandated food and nutrition policy (the Policy) in healthcare settings to identify barriers, enablers, and impacts of compliance. Three 90-min workshops facilitated by two public health practitioners were undertaken with 12 food retailers responsible for operating 44 outlets across four hospitals in Perth, Western Australia. Workshop discussions were transcribed non-verbatim and inductive thematic content was analyzed. Three main themes were identified: (1) food retailers had come to accept their role in implementing the Policy; (2) the Policy made it difficult for food retailers to operate successfully, and; (3) food retailers needed help and support to implement the Policy. Findings indicate the cost of implementation is borne by food retailers. Communications campaigns, centralized databases of classified products, reporting frameworks, recognition of achievements, and dedicated technical expertise would support achieving policy compliance. Feasibility assessments prior to policy implementation are recommended for policy success.
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Bastian, Amber. "The future of public health nutrition: a critical policy analysis of Eat Well Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35, no. 2 (December 9, 2010): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00630.x.
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Ashton, Bronwyn, Cassandra Star, and John Coveney. "Promoting Recall and Preserving the Historical Authenticity of Data Used to Investigate Food Regulatory Policy in Australia." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 2021): 160940692110414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211041430.
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This article reports on research methodology used for a case study investigating public health nutrition engagement in food regulatory policy processes in Australia. It aims to explore methods used and outline a model for how researchers can promote participant recall and accuracy. A set of key documents identified as relevant to voluntary food fortification policy (VFP) were analysed using Bacchi’s ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ approach. The results informed a series of present-day, semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with experts in VFP. The major epistemological difficulty was the necessary reliance upon participant memory. Consequently, oral history methods were used to aid key informant recall. Several participants noted a benefit for their recollection of events from the tools employed. The experiences and approaches outlined in this article contribute to the toolkit needed when investigating historical events and may provide a useful model for other nutrition-related policy research.
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Nelson, Michael, and João Breda. "School food research: building the evidence base for policy." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 6 (May 21, 2013): 958–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012005162.
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AbstractObjectiveFollowing an international workshop on developing the evidence base for policy relating to school food held in London, UK, in January 2012, the objectives of the present paper were (i) to outline a rationale for school food research, monitoring and evaluation in relation to policy and (ii) to identify ways forward for future working.DesignThe authors analysed presentations, summaries of evidence, and notes from discussions held at the international workshop in London in 2012 to distil common themes and make recommendations for the development of coherent research programmes relating to food and nutrition in schools.SettingInternational, with an emphasis on middle- and high-income countries.ResultsOverviews of existing school food and nutrition programmes from the UK, Hungary, Sweden, the USA, Australia, Brazil, China, Mexico and other countries were presented, along with information on monitoring, evaluation and other research to demonstrate the impact of school feeding on health, attainment, food sourcing, procurement and finances, in the context of interactions between the evidence base and policy decisions. This provided the material which, together with summaries and notes of discussions, was used to develop recommendations for the development and dissemination of robust approaches to sustainable and effective school food and nutrition programmes in middle- and high-income countries, including policy guidelines, standards, cost-effectiveness measures and the terms of political engagement.ConclusionsSchool food and nutrition can provide a cohesive core for health, education and agricultural improvement provided: (i) policy is appropriately framed and includes robust monitoring and evaluation; and (ii) all stakeholders are adequately engaged in the process. International exchange of information will be used to develop a comprehensive guide to the assessment of the impact of school food and nutrition policy and supporting infrastructure.
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Gupta, Adyya, Caroline Miller, Jane Harford, Lisa G. Smithers, and Annette Braunack-Mayer. "Australia’s sugar tale." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (May 23, 2019): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001228.
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AbstractObjective:To establish high intake of free sugars and its related disease burden as a significant public health challenge in Australia.Design:We discuss five key actions to reduce intake of free sugars tailored to the Australian context. These strategies are informed by reviewing the global scientific evidence on the effectiveness of a range of policy responses to reduce intake of free sugars at the population level.Setting:Australia.Participants:Australian population.Results:The five key actions to reduce population levels for intake of free sugars tailored to the Australian context include prioritising health in trade agreements and policy; introducing a fiscal policy supporting health and promoting food reformulation; regulating advertising and improving labelling; strengthening the current dietary guidelines; and encouraging healthy choices.Conclusions:The adoption and implementation of the strategies discussed in the current commentary would aid in tackling the rising health burden from the intake of free sugars in Australia.
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Trapp, Gina S. A., Claire E. Pulker, Miriam Hurworth, Kristy K. Law, Sally Brinkman, Christina M. Pollard, Amelia J. Harray, et al. "The Nutritional Quality of Kids’ Menus from Cafés and Restaurants: An Australian Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132741.
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Australian families increasingly rely on eating foods from outside the home, which increases intake of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. ‘Kids’ Menus’ are designed to appeal to families and typically lack healthy options. However, the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus from cafes and full-service restaurants (as opposed to fast-food outlets) has not been investigated in Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus in restaurants and cafés in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. All 787 cafes and restaurants located within the East Metropolitan Health Service area were contacted and 33% had a separate Kids’ Menu. The validated Kids’ Menu Healthy Score (KIMEHS) was used to assess the nutritional quality of the Kids’ Menus. Almost all Kids’ Menus (99%) were rated ‘unhealthy’ using KIMEHS. The mean KIMEHS score for all restaurants and cafés was −8.5 (range −14.5 to +3.5) which was lower (i.e., more unhealthy) than the mean KIMEHS score for the top 10 most frequented chain fast-food outlets (mean −3.5, range −6.5 to +3). The findings highlight the need for additional supports to make improvements in the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus. Local Government Public Health Plans provide an opportunity for policy interventions, using locally relevant tools to guide decision making.
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Amoroso, Cheryl, Coletta Hobbs, and Mark F. Harris. "General practice capacity for behavioural risk factor management: A SNAP-shot of a needs assessment in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 2 (2005): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05030.
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The objective of this study is to examine current activities, barriers, and capacity needs for the assessment and management of smoking, nutrition, alcohol and physical activity behavioural risk factors in rural and urban general practices. A cross-sectional survey of 287 general practitioners (GPs) was conducted in a rural and urban Division of General Practice in NSW. A total of 146 GPs responded yielding Divisional response rates of 51% rural and 61% urban. For each of the SNAP risk factors, between 37% and 46% of GPs report using guidelines. Verbal advice is given "very often" for smoking by 68% of GPs, for nutrition and alcohol by 48%, and physical activity by 60%. Guideline use is associated with increased frequency of advising patients. Patient compliance is the most frequently reported barrier to giving advice, especially for smoking and alcohol. GPs report that they "often" or "very often" refer patients due to nutritional risk factors (48%), with lower referral rates reported for physical activity and alcohol risk factors (28% and 27% respectively). Only 10% refer patients "often" or "very often" for smoking management, and referral for smoking management and physical activity increase as a result of training in these areas. There is considerable variability in smoking, nutrition, alcohol and physical activity risk factor intervention and management in the general practice setting. A range of strategies is required to improve the systematic management of risk factors including training, use of guidelines, referral networks, and patient education.
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McKay, Fiona H., Bronte C. Haines, and Matthew Dunn. "Measuring and Understanding Food Insecurity in Australia: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030476.
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The number of Australians seeking food aid has increased in recent years; however, the current variability in the measurement of food insecurity means that the prevalence and severity of food insecurity in Australia is likely underreported. This is compounded by infrequent national health surveys that measure food insecurity, resulting in outdated population-level food insecurity data. This review sought to investigate the breadth of food insecurity research conducted in Australia to evaluate how this construct is being measured. A systematic review was conducted to collate the available Australian research. Fifty-seven publications were reviewed. Twenty-two used a single-item measure to examine food security status; 11 used the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM); two used the Radimer/Cornell instrument; one used the Household Food and Nutrition Security Survey (HFNSS); while the remainder used a less rigorous or unidentified method. A wide range in prevalence and severity of food insecurity in the community was reported; food insecurity ranged from 2% to 90%, depending on the measurement tool and population under investigation. Based on the findings of this review, the authors suggest that there needs to be greater consistency in measuring food insecurity, and that work is needed to create a measure of food insecurity tailored for the Australian context. Such a tool will allow researchers to gain a clear understanding of the prevalence of food insecurity in Australia to create better policy and practice responses.
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Sharman, Melanie J., Martin Hensher, Stephen Wilkinson, Julie A. Campbell, and Alison J. Venn. "Review of Publicly-Funded Bariatric Surgery Policy in Australia—Lessons for More Comprehensive Policy Making." Obesity Surgery 26, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1806-4.
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Zimmermann, Michael B. "Symposium on ‘Geographical and geological influences on nutrition’ Iodine deficiency in industrialised countries." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665109991819.
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Iodine deficiency is not only a problem in developing regions; it also affects many industrialised countries. Globally, two billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and approximately 50% of continental Europe remains mildly iodine deficient. Iodine intakes in other industrialised countries, including the USA and Australia, have fallen in recent years. Iodine deficiency has reappeared in Australia, as a result of declining iodine residues in milk products because of decreased iodophor use by the dairy industry. In the USA, although the general population is iodine sufficient, it is uncertain whether iodine intakes are adequate in pregnancy, which has led to calls for iodine supplementation. The few available data suggest that pregnant women in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are now mildly iodine deficient, possibly as a result of reduced use of iodophors by the dairy industry, as observed in Australia. Representative data on iodine status in children and pregnant women in the UK are urgently needed to inform health policy. In most industrialised countries the best strategy to control iodine deficiency is carefully-monitored salt iodisation. However, because approximately 90% of salt consumption in industrialised countries is from purchased processed foods, the iodisation of household salt only will not supply adequate iodine. Thus, in order to successfully control iodine deficiency in industrialised countries it is critical that the food industry use iodised salt. The current push to reduce salt consumption to prevent chronic diseases and the policy of salt iodisation to eliminate iodine deficiency do not conflict; iodisation methods can fortify salt to provide recommended iodine intakes even ifper capitasalt intakes are reduced to <5 g/d.
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Haynes, Emily, Dianne Reidlinger, and Claire Palermo. "A Policy-Delphi Study for obesity prevention policy in Australia: Investigating the concepts of intrusiveness and autonomy." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2016.10.239.
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Marklund, Matti, Miaobing Zheng, J. Lennert Veerman, and Jason H. Y. Wu. "Estimated Health Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Eliminating Industrial Trans-Fatty acids in Australia." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa064_010.
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Abstract Objectives To assess the potential cost-effectiveness, health gains, and effects on health equality of eliminating industrial trans-fatty acids (TFAs) from the Australian food supply. Methods Markov cohort models were used to estimate the cost-effectiveness and policy impact on (ischemic heart disease) IHD burden and health equity of a national ban of industrial TFAs in Australia. Intake of TFA was assessed using the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The IHD burden attributable to TFA was calculated by comparing the current level of TFA intake to a counterfactual setting (0.5% energy per day from TFA; corresponding to TFA intake only from non-industrial sources, e.g., dairy foods). Policy costs, avoided IHD events and deaths, health-adjusted life years (HALYs) gained, and IHD-related healthcare costs saved were estimated over 10 years and lifetime of the adult Australian population. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by calculation of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) using net policy cost and HALYs gained. Health benefits and health care cost changes were also assessed in subgroups based on socioeconomic status and remoteness. Results Elimination of industrial TFA was estimated to prevent 2,294 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1,765; 2,851) IHD deaths and 9,931 (95% UI: 8,429; 11,532) IHD events over the first 10 years. The greatest health benefits were accrued to the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quintiles and among Australians living outside of major cities. The intervention was estimated to be cost-saving or cost-effective (i.e., ICER < 169,361 AUD/HALY) regardless of the time horizon, with ICERs of 1,073 (95% UI: dominant; 3,503) and 1,956 (95% UI: 1,010; 2,750) AUD/HALY over 10 years and life time, respectively. The TFA ban was estimated to be cost-saving or highly cost-effective in sensitivity analyses altering assumptions of post-intervention TFA intake, abundance of TFA-containing products, or discount rate. Conclusions A ban of industrial TFAs could avert substantial numbers of IHD events and deaths in Australia and will likely be a highly cost-effective strategy to reduce social-economic and urban-rural inequalities in health. Funding Sources National Health and Medical Research Council; and UNSW.
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Mehta, Kaye, Carolyn Dent, Georgia Middleton, and Sue Booth. "Personal development, wellbeing and empowerment gains for nutrition peer educators: a South Australian perspective." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz099.
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Abstract This study aimed to explore the experience of being a Community Foodies (CF) peer educator with respect to personal benefits, specifically, personal development, wellbeing and empowerment. Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews conducted with metropolitan and country peer educators of the CF programme. The CF programme in South Australia (SA) delivers nutrition education to disadvantaged communities. Ten adult peer educators from the CF programme: seven from country SA and three from Adelaide. Phenomenon of interest is that peer educators’ perceptions of personal growth and development from involvement in the CF programme. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed thematically. The experience of being a nutrition peer educator improved personal skills and knowledge, dietary habits, self-esteem, confidence, sense of belonging and civic engagement. Peer educators felt that the CF programme was run in a straightforward, easy to understand way, with a welcoming environment and abundant support from the coordinators. Apart from benefits to themselves, peer educators appeared to be most proud of their capacity to contribute to the nutritional health of the broader community. Peer education programmes in disadvantaged communities provide policy makers with valuable and cost-effective approaches to improve health, build self-efficacy, strengthen community engagement, and, foster active participation and trust.
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Colles, Susan L., Elaine Maypilama, and Julie Brimblecombe. "Food, food choice and nutrition promotion in a remote Australian Aboriginal community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 4 (2014): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14033.
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Contemporary diets of Aboriginal people living in remote Australia are characterised by processed foods high in fat and sugar. Within the ‘new’ food system, evidence suggests many Aboriginal people understand food in their own terms but lack access to consumer information about store-purchased foods, and parents feel inadequate as role models. In a remote Australian Aboriginal community, purposive sampling identified adults who participated in semistructured interviews guided by food-based themes relating to the contemporary food system, parental guidance of children’s food choice and channels through which people learn. Interpretive content analysis was used to identify salient themes. In discussions, people identified more closely with dietary qualities or patterns than nutrients, and valued a balanced, fresh diet that made them feel ‘light’. People possessed basic knowledge of ‘good’ store foods, and wanted to increase familiarity and experience with foods in packets and cans through practical and social skills, especially cooking. Education about contemporary foods was obtained from key family role models and outside the home through community-based organisations, including school, rather than pamphlets and flip charts. Freedom of choice was a deeply held value; carers who challenged children’s autonomy used strategic distraction, or sought healthier alternatives that did not wholly deny the child. Culturally safe approaches to information sharing and capacity building that contribute to the health and wellbeing of communities requires collaboration and shared responsibility between policy makers, primary healthcare agencies, wider community-based organisations and families.
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Lewis, Meron, and Amanda Lee. "Costing ‘healthy’ food baskets in Australia – a systematic review of food price and affordability monitoring tools, protocols and methods." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 16 (September 9, 2016): 2872–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002160.
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AbstractObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review to determine similarities and differences in metrics and results between recently and/or currently used tools, protocols and methods for monitoring Australian healthy food prices and affordability.DesignElectronic databases of peer-reviewed literature and online grey literature were systematically searched using the PRISMA approach for articles and reports relating to healthy food and diet price assessment tools, protocols, methods and results that utilised retail pricing.SettingNational, state, regional and local areas of Australia from 1995 to 2015.SubjectsAssessment tools, protocols and methods to measure the price of ‘healthy’ foods and diets.ResultsThe search identified fifty-nine discrete surveys of ‘healthy’ food pricing incorporating six major food pricing tools (those used in multiple areas and time periods) and five minor food pricing tools (those used in a single survey area or time period). Analysis demonstrated methodological differences regarding: included foods; reference households; use of availability and/or quality measures; household income sources; store sampling methods; data collection protocols; analysis methods; and results.Conclusions‘Healthy’ food price assessment methods used in Australia lack comparability across all metrics and most do not fully align with a ‘healthy’ diet as recommended by the current Australian Dietary Guidelines. None have been applied nationally. Assessment of the price, price differential and affordability of healthy (recommended) and current (unhealthy) diets would provide more robust and meaningful data to inform health and fiscal policy in Australia. The INFORMAS ‘optimal’ approach provides a potential framework for development of these methods.
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Pollard, Christina, Janette Lewis, and Margaret Miller. "Start Right–Eat Right Award Scheme: Implementing Food and Nutrition Policy in Child Care Centers." Health Education & Behavior 28, no. 3 (June 2001): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800306.
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The Start Right–Eat Right award scheme implemented in Western Australia has been used to provide the incentive to bring about improvement in food service in line with government policy and regulations in the child care industry. Theories of organizational change were used to identify processes and strategies to support the industry in translating policy into practice. A baseline survey of food service management practices, as well as process evaluation, informed action and identified barriers. Impact evaluation demonstrated that the award scheme could bring about improvements in the quality of food service; 80% of centers made changes to their menus as a result of participating. Two years postlaunch, 40% of centers have registered in the scheme. The diffusion of innovation theory is used to explain uptake and discuss results. The success of the scheme was based on four factors: an understanding of the industry, collaboration between the child care industry and government, supporting resources, and incentives.
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Crowley, Jennifer, Lauren Ball, and Gerrit J. Hiddink. "Nutrition care by primary-care physicians: advancing our understanding using the COM-B framework." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003148.
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AbstractObjective:To investigate the nutrition education provided by primary-care physicians (PCP).Design:An integrative review was used to examine literature on nutrition care provided by PCP from 2012 to 2018. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus using key search terms.Setting:USA, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, Lebanon, Australia and New Zealand.Participants:Primary-care physicians.Results:Sixteen qualitative and quantitative studies were analysed thematically using meta-synthesis informed by the COM-B model of behaviour (capability, motivation and opportunity), to understand the influences on PCP behaviours to provide nutrition care. PCP perceive that they lack nutrition capability. While PCP motivation to provide nutrition care differs based on patient characteristics and those of their own, opportunity is influenced by medical educators, mentors and policy generated by professional and governmental organisations.Conclusions:The development of PCP capability, motivation and opportunity to provide nutrition care should begin in undergraduate medical training, and continue into PCP training, to create synergy between these behaviours for PCP to become confident providing nutrition care as an integral component of disease prevention and management in contemporary medical practice.
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Russell, Cherie, Sarah Dickie, Phillip Baker, and Mark Lawrence. "Does the Australian Health Star Rating System Encourage Added Sugar Reformulation? Trends in Sweetener Use in Australia." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030898.
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Dietary risk factors, including excess added sugar intake, are leading contributors to Australia’s burden of disease. An objective of the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system is to encourage the reformulation of packaged foods. Manufacturers may improve a product’s HSR by replacing added sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS). Concerns have been raised regarding the potential substitution effects of ultra-processed foods containing NNS for whole foods, and the long-term impact this may have on population health. The aim of this study was to determine whether the implementation of the HSR system has impacted the use of added sugars and NNS in the food supply. Four product categories were used: products with no added sweetener, products containing added sugar only, products containing NNS only, and products containing a combination of added sugar and NNS. Of 6477 newly released products analyzed displaying a HSR in Australia between 2014–2020, 63% contained added sugars. The proportion of new products sweetened with added sugars increased over time, while NNS use did not, despite a higher average and median HSR for products sweetened with NNS. These findings suggest that at the current time, the HSR system may not discourage the use of added sugars in new products or incentivize the reformulation of added sugar with NNS. As the health risks of NNS are questioned, increased reformulation of products with NNS to reduce the presence of added sugar in the food supply may not address broader health concerns. Instead, supporting the promotion of whole foods and drinks should be prioritized, as well as policy actions that reduce the proliferation and availability of UPFs.
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Rathore, Vatsna, Amy E. Mitchell, Alina Morawska, and Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla. "Online Parenting Intervention for Children’s Eating and Mealtime Behaviors: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Healthcare 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050924.
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Introduction: Obesity and overweight are significant health problems among Australian children. Parents play a vital role in establishing healthy eating behaviors in their children. However, parents often experience difficulties in implementing effective parenting practices and lack confidence in their ability to help children adopt these behaviors. This trial will evaluate the efficacy of an online program, Healthy Habits Triple P, in improving children’s snacking and mealtime behaviors and related parenting practices. Methods and analysis: This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial for parents of young Australian children aged 2–6 years. Participants will be recruited through childcare centers, social media, online parent forums and existing networks. The participants in the intervention arm will receive access to a web-based parenting intervention in addition to nutrition-related information for parents published by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; those in the control arm will receive nutrition-related information only. After the completion of the study, the parenting intervention will be offered to the control arm. The primary outcome will be improvement in children’s eating habits. The secondary outcomes include parents’ self-efficacy, confidence, children’s mealtime behaviors and mealtime parenting strategies. Both primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated through online-administered, validated parent-reported questionnaires. We will also undertake a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the practicality and acceptability of the intervention.
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Lawrence, Mark. "Challenges in translating scientific evidence into mandatory food fortification policy: an antipodean case study of the folate–neural tube defect relationship." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 8 (December 2005): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005749.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify challenges in translating scientific evidence of a nutrient and health relationship into mandatory food fortification policy.DesignA case study approach was used in which available evidence associated with the folate–neural tube defect relationship was reviewed against the Australia New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council's Policy Guideline for mandatory food fortification.ResultsThree particular challenges were identified. The first is knowing when and how to act in the face of scientific uncertainty. The second is knowing how to address the special needs of at-risk individuals without compromising the health and safety of the population as a whole. The third is to ensure that a policy is sufficiently monitored and evaluated.ConclusionsDespite the availability of compelling evidence of a relationship between a particular nutrient and a health outcome, a definitive policy response may not be apparent. Judgement and interpretation inevitably play significant roles in influencing whether and how authorities translate scientific evidence into mandatory food fortification policy. In relation to the case study, it would be prudent to undertake a risk–benefit analysis of policy alternatives and to implement nutrition education activities to promote folic acid supplement use among the target group. Should mandatory folate fortification be implemented, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of this policy will be essential to know that it is implemented as planned and does more good than harm. In relation to mandatory food fortification policy-making around the world, ongoing national nutrition surveys are required to complement national policy guidelines.
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Russell, Cherie, Mark Lawrence, Katherine Cullerton, and Phillip Baker. "The political construction of public health nutrition problems: a framing analysis of parliamentary debates on junk-food marketing to children in Australia." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 11 (January 17, 2020): 2041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003628.
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AbstractObjective:Junk-food marketing contributes significantly to childhood obesity, which in turn imposes major health and economic burdens. Despite this, political priority for addressing junk-food marketing has been weak in many countries. Competing interests, worldviews and beliefs of stakeholders involved with the issue contribute to this political inertia. An integral group of actors for driving policy change are parliamentarians, who champion policy and enact legislation. However, how parliamentarians interpret and portray (i.e. frame) the causes and solutions of public health nutrition problems is poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand how Australian parliamentarians from different political parties frame the problem of junk-food marketing.Design:Framing analysis of transcripts from the Australian Government’s Parliamentary Hansard, involving development of a theoretical framework, data collection, coding transcripts and thematic synthesis of results.Settings:Australia.Participants:None.Results:Parliamentarian framing generally reflected political party ideology. Liberal parliamentarians called for minimal government regulation and greater personal responsibility, reflecting the party’s core values of liberalism and neoliberalism. Greens parliamentarians framed the issue as systemic, highlighting the need for government intervention and reflecting the core party value of social justice. Labor parliamentarians used both frames at varying times.Conclusions:Parliamentarians’ framing was generally consistent with their party ideology, though subject to changes over time. This project provides insights into the role of framing and ideology in shaping public health policy responses and may inform communication strategies for nutrition advocates. Advocates might consider using frames that resonate with the ideologies of different political parties and adapting these over time.
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Cicchini, S., C. Russell, and K. Cullerton. "The relationship between volume of newspaper coverage and policy action for nutrition issues in Australia: a content analysis." Public Health 210 (September 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.016.
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Browne, Jennifer, Mark Lock, Troy Walker, Mikaela Egan, and Kathryn Backholer. "Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 8 (August 2020): e002442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002442.
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IntroductionIndigenous Peoples worldwide endure unacceptable health disparities with undernutrition and food insecurity often coexisting with obesity and chronic diseases. Policy-level actions are required to eliminate malnutrition in all its forms. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence of effectiveness of food and nutrition policies for Indigenous Peoples around the world. This review fills that gap.MethodsEight databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between 2000 and 2019. Relevant websites were searched for grey literature. Articles were included if they were original studies, published in English and included data from Indigenous Peoples from Western colonised countries, evaluated a food or nutrition policy (or intervention), and provided quantitative impact/outcome data. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently by two authors, at least one of whom was Indigenous. A narrative synthesis was undertaken with studies grouped according to the NOURISHING food policy framework.ResultsWe identified 78 studies from Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the USA. Most studies evaluated targeted interventions, focused on rural or remote Indigenous communities. The most effective interventions combined educational strategies with policies targeting food price, composition and/or availability, particularly in retail and school environments. Interventions to reduce exposure to unhealthy food advertising was the only area of the NOURISHING framework not represented in the literature. Few studies examined the impact of universal food policies on Indigenous Peoples’ diets, health or well-being.ConclusionBoth targeted and universal policy action can be effective for Indigenous Peoples. Actions that modify the structures and systems governing food supply through improved availability, access and affordability of healthy foods should be prioritised. More high-quality evidence on the impact of universal food and nutrition policy actions for Indigenous Peoples is required, particularly in urban areas and in the area of food marketing.
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Mansour, Reima, James Rufus John, Pranee Liamputtong, and Amit Arora. "Food Insecurity and Food Label Comprehension among Libyan Migrants in Australia." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072433.
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Food security among migrants and refugees remains an international public health issue. However, research among ethnic minorities in Australia is relatively low. This study explored the factors that influence the understanding of food labelling and food insecurity among Libyan migrants in Australia. An online survey was completed by 271 Libyan migrant families. Data collection included the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module (for food security) and a question from the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Consumer Label Survey (for food labelling comprehension). Multivariable logistic regression modelling was utilised to identify the predictors of food label comprehension and food security. Food insecurity prevalence was 72.7% (n = 196) while 35.8% of families (n = 97) reported limited food label understanding. Household size, food store location, and food affordability were found to be significantly related to food insecurity. However, gender, private health insurance, household annual income, education, and food store type and location were found to be significantly related to food labelling comprehension. Despite the population’s high educational status and food labelling comprehension level, food insecurity remained an issue among the Libyan migrants. Policy makers should consider the incorporation of food label comprehension within a broader food security approach for migrants.
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Mavoa, H., J. Shill, B. Crammond, S. Allender, M. Lawrence, A. Peeters, G. Sacks, B. Loff, and B. Swinburn. "Overarching policy approaches for obesity prevention in Australia at the state/territory level of government." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 4 (October 2010): S56—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2010.09.111.
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Koletzko, Berthold, Brigitte Brands, Veit Grote, Franca F. Kirchberg, Christine Prell, Peter Rzehak, Olaf Uhl, and Martina Weber. "Long-Term Health Impact of Early Nutrition: The Power of Programming." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, no. 3 (2017): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477781.
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The Power of Programming conference 2016 at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich brought together about 600 researchers and other stakeholders from around the world who reviewed the recent evidence on the lasting health impact of environment and nutrition during early life, from pre-pregnancy to early childhood. The conference was hosted by the Early Nutrition Project, a multidisciplinary research collaboration funded by the European Commission with collaborating researchers from 35 institutions in 15 countries in Europe, the United States and Australia. The project explores the early origins of obesity, adiposity and associated non-communicable diseases, underlying mechanisms and opportunities for prevention. The project also proactively supports translational application of research findings. In fact, some existing evidence has already been rapidly adopted into policy, regulatory standards and practice. Further, broad dissemination of findings is achieved through the established digital eLearning platform of the Early Nutrition eAcademy, video clip-based learning and graphically supported messaging to consumers. The project demonstrated powerful effects of early metabolic programming on later health. Compared to other common prevention strategies, modifying risk trajectories in early life can achieve a much larger risk reduction and be more cost-effective. While some effective prevention strategies have been promptly implemented in policy and guidelines, legislation and practice, in other areas, the uptake is limited by a paucity of quality human intervention trials and insufficient evaluation of the feasibility of implementation and econometric impact. This needs to be strengthened by future collaborative research work.
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Allman-Farinelli, Margaret, Annette Byron, Clare Collins, Janelle Gifford, and Peter Williams. "Challenges and lessons from systematic literature reviews for the Australian dietary guidelines." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 3 (2014): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13016.
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In 2009–10 the Dietitians Association of Australia conducted a series of systematic reviews for the National Health and Medical Research Council to generate evidence statements to inform the revision of the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. In total 202 body of evidence statements were constructed and assigned a grading detailing the certainty with which each could be used to inform policy. This paper describes some of the challenges and insights gained from the process, specifically related to: study type, study quality assessment, the lack of quantified data, diet exposure, definition of a healthy population, generalisability and applicability, and resource allocation. It is clear that there is still a need for further refinement of the methods for evaluating evidence for nutrition policy, but the current dietary guidelines are now much more robustly evidence informed than ever before.
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Vimpani, Graham. "Refashioning child and family health services in response to family, social and political change." Australian Health Review 27, no. 2 (2004): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah042720013.
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Professor Graham Vimpani is head of the Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Newcastle.One hundred years ago maternal and child health services emerged as a community response in Australia, and most other industrialised countries, to concerns about the high rates of infant and early childhood mortality from infectious disease and poor nutrition. Major family and social changes over the past 30 years have impacted in new ways on children's health and wellbeing leading to a profound rethink about the kinds of services that are needed. At the same time, second thoughts have emerged about the role of government in service provision, driven by neoliberal and rational economic philosophies as outlined in the paper in this issue by Keleher and Reiger (2004). Together, these issues have challenged the very foundations on which the services were traditionally based.
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Curtain, Felicity, and Sara Grafenauer. "Comprehensive Nutrition Review of Grain-Based Muesli Bars in Australia: An Audit of Supermarket Products." Foods 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090370.
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Muesli bars are consumed by 16% of children, and 7.5% of adults, and are classified as discretionary in Australian Dietary Guidelines, containing “higher fat and added sugars” compared with core food choices. This study aimed to provide a nutritional overview of grain-based muesli bars, comparing data from 2019 with 2015. An audit of muesli bars, grain-based bars, and oat slices was undertaken in January 2019 (excluding fruit, nut, nutritional supplement, and breakfast bars) from the four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for all nutrients on-pack, including whole grain per serve and per 100g. Health Star Rating (HSR) was calculated if not included on-pack. Of all bars (n = 165), 63% were ≤ 600 kJ (268–1958 kJ), 12% were low in saturated fat, 56% were a source of dietary fibre, and none were low in sugar. Two-thirds (66%) were whole grain (≥8 g/serve), with an average of 10 g/serve, 16% of the 48 g Daily Target Intake. HSR featured on 63% of bars (average 3.2), with an overall HSR of 2.7. Compared to 2015, mean sugars declined (26.6 g to 23.7 g/100 g; p < 0.001), and 31% more bars were whole grain (109 up from 60 bars). Although categorised as discretionary, there were significant nutrient differences across grain-based muesli bars. Clearer classification within policy initiatives, including HSR, may assist consumers in choosing products high in whole grain and fibre at the supermarket shelf.
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Williams, CK. "Water Physiology and Nutrition in Fluctuating Populations of Rattus-Colletti in Monsoonal Northern-Territory, Australia." Wildlife Research 14, no. 4 (1987): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870443.
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During wet and dry seasons and transitions of the monsoonal cycle, rates of water turnover and nutritional variables were measured on a population of Rattus colletti which fluctuated between extremes of high and low abundance. Rate of water turnover (RWT in millilitres per day) and body weight ( W, in kilograms) were related allometrically: RWT = aW*O.742 � 0.061, where a varied between seasons and sexes. Seasonal rates of water turnover were consistent with physiological adaptation in R. colletti to seasonal aridity. Rate of water turnover correlated with seasonal hydric regime, varying by a factor of 3.5 between dry and wet seasons. During the wet season, low body weight and lack of breeding seemed to be caused by flooding and its physical and social consequences. During dry season aridity the rats were short of food and water, but not in a dry season when rain fell and breeding ensued. Reproduction increased requirements for food and water in both sexes. Juveniles had relatively high requirements, and shortages appeared to retard growth. Very large populations resulted from prolific breeding after dry season rain had sustained high consumption of food and water on the riverine plains, the dry season habitat. Population decline resulted from very high wet season rainfall followed by a rainless dry season when food and water intakes were depressed, probably because the previous rainfall pattern reduced the availability of sedge corms, the dry season source of food and water. This climatic pattern recurred in the next wet and dry seasons, reinforcing the effects on R, colletti, which became rare for several years on both riverine systems studied.
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Rattray, Megan, and Shelley Roberts. "Dietitians’ Perspectives on the Coordination and Continuity of Nutrition Care for Malnourished or Frail Clients: A Qualitative Study." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060986.
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Malnutrition and frailty are common conditions that impact overall health and function. There is limited research exploring the barriers and enablers to providing coordinated nutrition care to malnourished or frail clients in the community (including transitions from hospital). This study aimed to explore dietitians’ experiences and perspectives on providing coordinated nutrition care for frail and malnourished clients identified in the community or being discharged from hospital. Semi-structured interviews with clinical/acute, community, and aged care dietitians across Australia and New Zealand were conducted. Interviews were 23–61 min long, audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Eighteen dietitians participated in interviews, including five clinical, eleven community, and two residential aged care dietitians. Three themes, describing key factors influencing the transition and coordination of nutrition care, emerged from the analysis: (i) referral and discharge planning practices, processes, and quality; (ii) dynamics and functions within the multidisciplinary team; and (iii) availability of community nutrition services. Guidelines advising on referral pathways for malnourished/frail clients, improved communication between acute and community dietitians and within the multidisciplinary team, and solutions for community dietetic resource shortages are required to improve the delivery of coordinated nutrition care to at-risk clients.
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Pettigrew, Simone, Melanie Pescud, and Robert J. Donovan. "Traffic light food labelling in schools and beyond." Health Education Journal 71, no. 6 (October 31, 2011): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896911424659.
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Objective: The present study investigated stakeholders’ reactions to the introduction of a traffic light food classification system in primary and secondary school canteens. Design: Interviews and focus groups were conducted with stakeholders approximately 18 months after the introduction of the traffic light system, followed by telephone and web-based surveys. Setting: The context of the study was Western Australia, where a comprehensive healthy food policy was recently introduced in government schools. Method: Stakeholder groups included parents, principals, teachers, canteen managers, and representatives of parents and citizens committees. Results: Participants reported high levels of acceptance of the traffic light system and supported its extension to nutrition education programmes targeting children and parents. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is likely to be considerable support for an extension of the traffic light policy to the health curriculum in schools and into other food provision contexts.