Journal articles on the topic 'Nutrition disorders in old age Australia'
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1
Turusheva, Anna V., and Irina E. Moiseeva. "Malnutrition in the elderly and old age." Russian Family Doctor 23, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd201915-15.
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The prevalence of malnutrition in people over 60 is 10–40%. Inadequate nutrition worsens the quality of life and the functional status of patients in elderly and senile age. The development of eating disorders may be due to various factors. Diagnosis of malnutrition is aimed at identifying it and finding the causes. Treatment should be comprehensive, including adequate nutritional support and correction of factors leading to the development of malnutrition. It must be remembered that some eating disorders can cause the development or progression of various geriatric syndromes (falls, urinary incontinence, cognitive disorders, depression, etc.)
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Draper, Brian, and Lee-Fay Low. "Psychiatric services for the “old” old." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 4 (March 15, 2010): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210000293.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Few studies have specifically examined mental health service delivery to persons aged over 84 years, often described as the “old” old. Our aim was to compare mental health service provision in Australia to persons aged 85 years and over with the “young” old and other age groups. We hypothesized that the “old” old would differ from the “young” old (65–84 years) by diagnostic category, rates of specialist psychiatric hospital admission, and use of Medicare funded psychiatric consultations in the community.Methods: Mental health service delivery data for 2001–02 to 2005–06 was obtained from Medicare Australia on consultant psychiatrist office-based, home visit and private hospital services subsidized by the national healthcare program and the National Hospital Morbidity database for separations (admitted episodes of patient care) from all public and most private hospitals in Australia on measures of age, gender, psychiatric diagnosis, location and type of psychiatric care.Results: Use of specialist psychiatric services in the community per annum per 1000 persons declined with age in men and women from 137.28 and 191.87 respectively in those aged 20–64 years to 11.84 and 14.76 respectively in those over 84 years. However, men and women over 84 years received psychiatric home visits at 377% and 472% respectively of the rates of persons under 65. The annual hospital separation rate per 1000 persons for specialist psychiatric care was lowest in those aged over 84 (3.98) but for inpatient non-specialized psychiatric care was highest in those over 84 (21.20). Depression was the most common diagnosis in specialized psychiatric hospitalization in those aged over 84 while organic disorders predominated in non-specialized care in each age group over 64 years with the highest rates in those aged over 84.Conclusion: Mental health service delivery to persons aged over 84 is distinctly different to that provided to other aged groups being largely provided in non-specialist hospital and residential settings.
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Salerno-Kennedy and Cashman. "Relationship between Dementia and Nutrition-Related Factors and Disorders: An Overview." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.83.
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This review gives a brief overview of the main types of dementia and summarizes current thinking on the relationship between nutritional-related factors and disorders, and dementia. Dementia is a multi-factor pathological condition, and nutrition is one factor that may play a role on its onset and progression. An optimal intake of nutrients doesn’t protect people from dementia. However, studies in this area show that inadequate dietary habits, which are of particular concern in elderly populations, may increase the risk of developing a number of age-related diseases, including disorders of impaired cognitive function. They show that a deficiency in essential nutrients, such as certain B complex vitamins, can result in hyperhomocysteinemia, a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis and recently associated with cognitive impairment in old age. A deficiency of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, and beta-carotene, as well as nutrition-related disorders like hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes, may also have some role in cognitive impairment. These factors can be present for a long time before cognitive impairment becomes evident, therefore they could be potentially detected and corrected in a timely manner.
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Golovanova, E. V. "Possibilities of improving the effectiveness of treatment of manifestations of metabolic syndrome in the elderly (on the example of taurine)." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 8 (January 18, 2023): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-204-8-171-178.
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The article presents modern data on the formation and manifestations of multiple metabolic disorders with an emphasis on the features of pathology in old age. Age-related changes in nutrition, physical activity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are additional risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome and determine the high prevalence of this pathology in old age. Multiple metabolic disorders aggravate the course of each of them and worsen the prognosis due to high risks of cardiovascular and other types of mortality. Timely diagnosis and effective correction of metabolic syndrome manifestations will reduce these risks and increase life expectancy while improving its quality. In order to increase the effectiveness of basic therapy of metabolic disorders, the use of drugs capable of positively affecting multiple metabolic disorders has been shown. In particular, this paper provides an evidence base for the effectiveness of taurine in patients with metabolic syndrome. When using taurine in addition to basic standard therapy, there is a significant decrease in blood pressure, glucose levels, insulin, serum lipid spectrum, body mass index.
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Conn, Jennifer A., Michael J. Davies, Ruth B. Walker, and Vivienne M. Moore. "Food and nutrient intakes of 9-month-old infants in Adelaide, Australia." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 12 (April 30, 2009): 2448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005552.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the food and nutrient intakes of 9-month-old infants.DesignA survey undertaken as part of a longitudinal study of child growth and development. Infant diet was characterised through a structured interview in which consumption frequency and portion size of foods were obtained. This method was compared with a 4 d diary and had adequate relative validity.SettingAdelaide, Australia.SubjectsThree hundred and forty-one infants for whom dietary data were plausible according to pre-specified criteria.ResultsAt 9 months of age, the median body weights for 161 girls and 180 boys were 8·8 and 9·6 kg, respectively. Differences in intakes between boys and girls largely reflected differences in size. Median daily energy intake was 3541 kJ and median contributions of protein, fat and carbohydrate to total energy were 13 %, 36 % and 50 %. Using published Estimated Average Requirements, Zn intake was inadequate for <1 % of children not breast-fed at this age while Fe intake was inadequate for 9 %. Infants who were still breast-fed (35 %) had more diversity in the foods that provided additional energy, compared with those not receiving breast milk, and were less likely to consume nutrient-displacing drinks such as juice or cordial. Cow’s milk was the main drink for 5 % of infants.ConclusionsIn a group of Australian-born children, an important proportion had weaning diets that were low in Fe. Fat intake of many children was below current recommendations and cow’s milk was the main milk source for a small minority.
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Syah, Muh Nur Hasan, and Alfi Fairuz Asna. "EATING DISORDER RISK AND ANEMIA AMONG GIRLS NUTRITION STUDENTS IN MITRA KELUARGA SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES." Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/ghidza.v2i1.10116.
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Background & Objective: Anemia is a public health nutrition problem that can occur at any age. In 2013 the proportion of anemia in Indonesia is 21.7 percent. Anemia can be caused by many factors one of which is the consumption pattern. Anemia in girl adolescents and women of reproductive age can cause problem in the first 1000 days of life. This study aims to determine the risk of eating disorders and anemia in nutrition students. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with sample 46 girl students and 19 yearsl old. Data collection of risk of eating disorders using questionnaires Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)and anemia data obtained from secondary data results of a new student medical check up. Data analyzed by using SPSS, bivariate analysis using chi square test. Results: The results showed 21.7 percent anemia and 26.1 percent risk of eating disorders. 20 percent of students with anemia have an eating disorder risk. The results of statistical tests showed no significant relationship between the risk of eating disorders with anemia. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is the risk of eating disorders can occur in the student nutrition that may be possible cause of anemia
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Rosowsky, Erlene, Emily Lodish, James M. Ellison, and S. P. J. van Alphen. "A Delphi study of late-onset personality disorders." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 07 (February 21, 2019): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001473.
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ABSTRACTObjectives:The DSM-5 describes personality disorders (PDs) as emerging in early life and remaining continuous throughout the life-span. Yet case studies and expert opinion support the existence of late-onset PDs. Little is known about PDs in late life, and our instruments for assessing them are not well validated. Thus, the focus of this exploratory Delphi study was the late-onset PD, with special attention to the accuracy of the core criteria for the diagnosis.Design:A Delphi study was designed to assess the presentation of PDs in late life. The Delphi consisted of three successive rounds of inquiry. Between rounds, the participants were provided with a summary of the panel’s responses.Participants:A panel of 21 experts included published authors, researchers, and teachers from the USA, the UK, Australia, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.Measurements:Researchers designed a survey that included an introduction, a demographic questionnaire, and five questions that varied in presentation and response format.Results:Experts reached consensus that a variant of PD appears de novo in old age. The core features of inflexibility and pervasiveness may not pertain to late-onset PD. There was agreement that frequently occurring life events contribute selectively to the expression of late-onset PD, with the major ones being death of a spouse or partner and transition to a nursing or assisted-living facility.Conclusions:Nearly all participants took the position that PD can present for the first time in old age and be clinically identifiable without having been so identified earlier in life.
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Rojo-Marticella, Meritxell, Victoria Arija, José Ángel Alda, Paula Morales-Hidalgo, Patricia Esteban-Figuerola, and Josefa Canals. "Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?" Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061131.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation. The study involved 259 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old (57 with ADHD and 202 controls) and 475 elementary-school-age children, aged 10 to 12 years old (213 with ADHD and 262 controls) from Spain. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) from Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interviews. Eating data were collected using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was carried out to analyze dietary patterns. Western-like, sweet, and healthy patterns were identified. The ADHD group was negatively associated with the healthy pattern (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the Western-like diet (p = 0.004). Children with inattentive presentation showed lower adherence (12.2%) to a healthy pattern than that of the control group (39.9%) (p < 0.001). There is an association between ADHD and dietary habits; children with inattentive presentation may particularly be at risk of unhealthy eating habits.
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Hirani, Kajal, Donald N. Payne, Raewyn Mutch, and Sarah Cherian. "Medical needs of adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 9 (July 3, 2018): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315105.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the medical needs and socioeconomic determinants of health among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia.DesignComprehensive medical and socioeconomic health data of resettling adolescent refugees aged 12 years and above attending a Refugee Health Service over a 1-year period were analysed.ResultsMedical records of 122 adolescents, median (range) age of 14 (12–17) years, were reviewed. Socioeconomic vulnerabilities included dependence on government financial support (50%), housing issues (27%) and child protection service involvement (11%). Medical concerns included non-communicable disorders (85%), infectious diseases (81%), nutrition/growth (71%) and physical symptoms of non-organic origin (43%). One quarter (27%) of female adolescents had sexual/reproductive health issues. A median (range) of 5 (2–12) health concerns were identified for each adolescent with 49% requiring referral to subspecialty services.ConclusionResettling adolescent refugees are socioeconomically vulnerable with a range of medical issues that frequently require additional subspecialty health referrals.
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MacLennon, WJ. "Urinary tract infections in older patients." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 13, no. 2 (May 2003): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259803013236.
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Factors increasing the risk of urinary tract infections in old age include reduced T lymphocyte regulation, decreased B lymphocyte antibody synthesis, impaired killer T cell function and slowed neutrophil chemotaxis. More practical causes for a high incidence of urinary infections are multiple pathology and poor nutrition. In women, a low oestrogen level increases the intravaginal pH, resulting in the lactobacillus being replaced by a pathogenic agent. Faecal stasis may also increase the risk of a urinary infection. The presentation and severity of a urinary infection are affected by intercurrent disorders such as diabetes mellitus, poor bladder control, concurrent medication and cognitive impairment. Other relevant but less common disorders are bladder calculi and tumours. Common signs of pyouria in old age are urinary incontinence, anorexia, lethargy and confusion. The infection may even be asymptomatic and this is discussed later.
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Strisciuglio, Caterina, Sabrina Cenni, Maria Rosaria Serra, Pasquale Dolce, Sanja Kolacek, Sara Sila, Ivana Trivic, et al. "Diet and Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Mediterranean Countries." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112335.
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Background: The increased intake of FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol) rich foods has been suggested as a possible trigger of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Despite the high FODMAP content, the Mediterranean diet (MD) appears to have beneficial effects on health. Our aim was to evaluate whether the prevalence of FGIDs in different Mediterranean countries may be influenced by FODMAP consumption and adherence to the MD. Methods: A school-based, cross-sectional, multicenter study was performed in six countries in the Mediterranean area: Croatia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, and Serbia. Subjects 4-18 years were examined in relation to their eating habits and the presence of FGIDs, using Rome IV criteria, 3-day food diaries and Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaires. Results: We enrolled 1972 subjects between 4 and 9 years old (Group A), and 2450 subjects between 10 and 18 years old (Group B). The overall prevalence of FGIDs was 16% in Group A and 26% in Group B. FODMAP intake was significantly different among countries for both age groups. In both groups, no significant association was found between FGIDs and FODMAPs. Adherence to the MD in all countries was intermediate, except for Serbia, where it was low. In both groups, we found a statistically significant association between FGIDs and the KIDMED score (Group A: OR = 0.83, p < 0.001; Group B: OR = 0.93, p = 0.005). Moreover, a significant association was found between the KIDMED score and functional constipation (Group A: OR = 0.89, p = 0.008; Group B: OR = 0.93, p = 0.010) and postprandial distress syndrome (Group A: OR = 0.86, p = 0.027; Group B: OR = 0.88, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the prevalence of FGIDs in the Mediterranean area is not related to FODMAP consumption, whereas adherence to the MD seems to have a protective effect.
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Sawyer, Michael G., Jane Mudge, Vanessa Carty, Peter Baghurst, and Anthony McMichael. "A Prospective Study of Childhood Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Port Pirie, South Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (December 1996): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065045.
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Objective: To describe the extent to which emotional and behavioural problems experienced by 5-year-old children living in or around Port Pirie, South Australia, persisted when the children were aged 11–12 years. Method: Childhood emotional and behavioural problems were identified at the age of 5 years using Child Behaviour Checklists completed by mothers. When the children were aged 11–12 years, problems were identified using checklists completed by mothers, children and teachers. Results: Attention problems, aggressive behaviour and anxious/depressed problems were the most persistent problems over this period of the children's lives. In general, the strongest relationship over time occurred when reports were obtained from mothers on each occasion. A weaker relationship existed between earlier mother-reported problems and later teacher-reported problems, while the relationship between mother-reported problems and later self-reported problems occupied an intermediate position. Conclusion: The course of problems among children in Port Pirie appeared similar to that previously reported for children in Holland and North America. To better understand the aetiology of psychiatric disorders and to plan for effective interventions, more information is needed about the natural course of childhood emotional and behavioural disorders in Australia.
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Mennitti, Laís Vales, Asha A. M. Carpenter, Elena Loche, Lucas C. Pantaleão, Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn, Josca M. Schoonejans, Heather L. Blackmore, et al. "Effects of maternal diet-induced obesity on metabolic disorders and age-associated miRNA expression in the liver of male mouse offspring." International Journal of Obesity 46, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00985-1.
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Abstract Objective This study investigated the effect of maternal obesity on aged-male offspring liver phenotype and hepatic expression of a programmed miRNA. Methods A mouse model (C57BL/6 J) of maternal diet-induced obesity was used to investigate fasting-serum metabolites, hepatic lipid content, steatosis, and relative mRNA levels (RT-PCR) and protein expression (Western blotting) of key components involved in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism in 12-month-old offspring. We also measured hepatic lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial content, fibrosis stage, and apoptosis in the offspring. To investigate potential mechanisms leading to the observed phenotype, we also measured the expression of miR-582 (a miRNA previously implicated in liver cirrhosis) in 8-week-old and 12-month-old offspring. Results Body weight and composition was similar between 8-week-old offspring, however, 12-month-old offspring from obese mothers had increased body weight and fat mass (19.5 ± 0.8 g versus 10.4 ± 0.9 g, p < 0.001), as well as elevated serum levels of LDL and leptin and hepatic lipid content (21.4 ± 2.1 g versus 12.9 ± 1.8 g, p < 0.01). This was accompanied by steatosis, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and overexpression of p-SAPK/JNK, Tgfβ1, Map3k14, and Col1a1 in the liver. Decreased levels of Bcl-2, p-AMPKα, total AMPKα and mitochondrial complexes were also observed. Maternal obesity was associated with increased hepatic miR-582-3p (p < 0.001) and miR-582-5p (p < 0.05). Age was also associated with an increase in both miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p, however, this was more pronounced in the offspring of obese dams, such that differences were greater in 12-month-old animals (−3p: 7.34 ± 1.35 versus 1.39 ± 0.50, p < 0.0001 and −5p: 4.66 ± 1.16 versus 1.63 ± 0.65, p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that maternal diet-induced obesity has detrimental effects on offspring body composition as well as hepatic phenotype that may be indicative of accelerated-ageing phenotype. These whole-body and cellular phenotypes were associated with age-dependent changes in expression of miRNA-582 that might contribute mechanistically to the development of metabolic disorders in the older progeny.
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Bellanti, Francesco, Aurelio lo Buglio, Stefano Quiete, and Gianluigi Vendemiale. "Malnutrition in Hospitalized Old Patients: Screening and Diagnosis, Clinical Outcomes, and Management." Nutrients 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040910.
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Malnutrition in hospitalized patients heavily affects several clinical outcomes. The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age, comorbidities, and intensity of care in up to 90% of old populations. However, malnutrition frequently remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in the hospital. Thus, an accurate screening to identify patients at risk of malnutrition or malnourishment is determinant to elaborate a personal nutritional intervention. Several definitions of malnutrition were proposed in the last years, affecting the real frequency of nutritional disorders and the timing of intervention. Diagnosis of malnutrition needs a complete nutritional assessment, which is often challenging to perform during a hospital stay. For this purpose, various screening tools were proposed, allowing patients to be stratified according to the risk of malnutrition. The present review aims to summarize the actual evidence in terms of diagnosis, association with clinical outcomes, and management of malnutrition in a hospital setting.
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Norman, Kristina, Ulrike Haß, and Matthias Pirlich. "Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764.
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Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.
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Bertrand, Valérie, Lyvia Tiburce, Thibaut Sabatier, Damien Dufour, Pierre Déchelotte, and Marie-Pierre Tavolacci. "Estimated Prevalence and Care Pathway of Feeding and Eating Disorders in a French Pediatric Population." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062048.
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Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) are mostly described in infants and adolescents but are less well-known in children. Information on the prevalence of FED in the general pediatric population is still limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the care pathway of FED in a population aged 0–18 years old, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 classification. Two physicians interviewed 401 families using a questionnaire including demographics, BMI, dietary behavior data, and age-appropriate screening tools. Qualitative and quantitative variables were compared using the Chi2 test and Student’s t-test, respectively. After a headcount adjustment based on the French population by age group, the estimated prevalence rate was 3% [95%CI (1.7–5.1)] for Avoidant and Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), and 9.7% [95%CI (7.2–13.0)] for Unspecified FED (UFED), which included other restrictive and compulsive FED. The median age for ARFID was 4.8 years (0.8–9 years), and 7.5 years (0.6–17 years) for UFED. The interviews did not identify cases of anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, other specified FED, pica or rumination. Only 15.2% of children with an FED were receiving medical care. The development of validated pediatric screening tools, as well as the training of health professionals in children FED is necessary.
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Romani, Mario, Mette M. Berger, and Patrizia D’Amelio. "From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030483.
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With extended life expectancy, the older population is constantly increasing, and consequently, so too is the prevalence of age-related disorders. Sarcopenia, the pathological age-related loss of muscle mass and function; and malnutrition, the imbalance in nutrient intake and resultant energy production, are both commonly occurring conditions in old adults. Altered nutrition plays a crucial role in the onset of sarcopenia, and both these disorders are associated with detrimental consequences for patients (e.g., frailty, morbidity, and mortality) and society (e.g., healthcare costs). Importantly, sarcopenia and malnutrition also share critical molecular alterations, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and a chronic state of low grade and sterile inflammation, defined as inflammageing. Given the connection between malnutrition and sarcopenia, nutritional interventions capable of affecting mitochondrial health and correcting inflammageing are emerging as possible strategies to target sarcopenia. Here, we discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammageing as key features leading to sarcopenia. Moreover, we examine the effects of some branched amino acids, omega-3 PUFA, and selected micronutrients on these pathways, and their potential role in modulating sarcopenia, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Umakanthan, Marille, John Wing Li, Kamal Sud, Gustavo Duque, Daniel Guilfoyle, Kenneth Cho, Chris Brown, Derek Boersma, and Muralikrishna Gangadharan Komala. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in Australia—A Single Centre, Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093284.
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Background: Sarcopenia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the dialysis population varies from 4% to 63%. However, the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in the Australian dialysis population remain uncertain. Aim: To study the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance dialysis by using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: We evaluated adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in this single-centre cross-sectional study in Australia. Patient’s clinical (age, gender, dialysis modality and diabetic status) and laboratory parameters (serum albumin, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels) were investigated. We employed bioimpedance spectroscopy, hand grip dynamometer and the timed up and go test (TUG) to evaluate muscle mass, strength and function, respectively. Results: We evaluated 39 dialysis patients with a median age of 69 years old. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18%. Sarcopenia was associated with low serum albumin (p = 0.02) and low serum phosphate level (p = 0.04). Increasing age and female sex were potential risk factors for sarcopenia (p = 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Low lean muscle mass, reduced hand grip strength and prolonged TUG were present in 23.1%, 41% and 40.5%, respectively, of the cohort. The hand grip test had good correlation with lean muscle evaluation and the TUG. Conclusions: Sarcopenia was prevalent in 18% of maintenance haemodialysis patients from an Australian single-centre cohort, with low serum albumin and phosphate as significant risk factors.
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Lin, Shih-Wei, You-Shan Tsai, Yen-Lien Chen, Ming-Fu Wang, Chin-Chu Chen, Wen-Hsin Lin, and Tony J. Fang. "Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 Promotes Longevity, Memory Retention, and Reduces Brain Oxidation Stress in SAMP8 Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082860.
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(1) Background: An age-related cognitive decline is commonly affecting the life of elderly with symptoms involved in progressive impairments to memory and learning. It has been proposed that probiotics could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. (2) Methods: To investigate the anti-aging effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3, both survival tests and cognitive experiments were conducted in the SAMP8 mice model. The six-month-old SAMP8 (n = 20 in each gender) were fed with probiotic GKM3 at a dosage of 5.1 × 109 and 1.0 × 109 cfu/ kg B.W./day until their natural death. Then, the life span was investigated. Three-month-old SAMP8 (n = 10 in each gender) were administered GKM3 for 14 weeks. Then, the behavior tests and oxidation parameters were recorded. (3) Results: GKM3 groups showed significantly increased latency in the passive avoidance test and time of successful avoidance in the active avoidance test. The TBARS and 8-OHdG from mice brains also showed a significant reduction in the groups treated with GKM3. In addition, lower accumulation of the amyloid-β protein was found in SAMP8 mice brains with the supplement of GKM3. (4) Conclusions: These results indicated that L. plantarum GKM3 delayed the process of aging, alleviated age-related cognitive impairment, and reduced oxidative stress.
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Kwiecień, Jarosław, Weronika Hajzler, Klaudia Kosek, Sylwia Balcerowicz, Dominika Grzanka, Weronika Gościniak, and Katarzyna Górowska-Kowolik. "No Correlation between Positive Fructose Hydrogen Breath Test and Clinical Symptoms in Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082891.
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Fructose malabsorption is regarded as one of the most common types of sugar intolerance. However, the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and positive results in fructose hydrogen breath tests (HBTs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical importance of positive fructose HBT by correlating the HBT results with clinical features in children with various gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical features and fructose HBT results were obtained from 323 consecutive children (2–18 years old, mean 10.7 ± 4.3 years) that were referred to the Tertiary Paediatric Gastroenterology Centre and diagnosed as having functional gastrointestinal disorders. A total of 114 out of 323 children (35.3%) had positive HBT results, of which 61 patients were females (53.5%) and 53 were males (46.5%). Children with positive HBT were significantly younger than children with negative HBT (9.0 vs. 11.6 years old; p < 0.001). The most frequent symptom among children with fructose malabsorption was recurrent abdominal pain (89.5%). Other important symptoms were diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and flatulence. However, no correlation between positive fructose HBT results and any of the reported symptoms or general clinical features was found. In conclusion, positive fructose HBT in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders can be attributed to their younger age but not to some peculiar clinical feature of the disease.
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Skillington, O., S. Mills, A. Gupta, E. A. Mayer, C. I. R. Gill, D. Del Rio, K. J. O’Riordan, J. F. Cryan, R. P. Ross, and C. Stanton. "The contrasting human gut microbiota in early and late life and implications for host health and disease." Nutrition and Healthy Aging 6, no. 3 (November 2, 2021): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nha-210129.
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The gut microbiota plays a significant role in health and development from birth and continues to affect several processes throughout life and into old age. During both infancy and old age, the trajectory of the gut microbiota changes with contrasting consequences at both stages for the host. The infant gut is unstable, and colonization is influenced by a variety of perinatal and postnatal factors. Many of these factors can contribute to an altered microbiota profile in infancy which can be associated with negative consequences later in life such as allergies, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The late-life gut microbiota is influenced by physiological changes within the host, illness, diet and lifestyle that impact its composition and functionality. Indeed, reduced microbial diversity, loss of beneficial microorganisms and increased pathobionts are key signatures of the elderly microbiome. Such changes have been associated with degenerative diseases including inflammaging, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and increased risk of infection with Clostridioides difficile. Here, we examine early- and late-life factors that contribute to contrasting gut microbiota disturbances and the consequences associated with these disruptions. Finally, we provide compelling evidence of nutritional and probiotic/prebiotic interventions that may help alleviate the effects of gut microbiota changes into old age.
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R Susanti, Dessy, Retno Widowati, and Triana Indrayani. "The Effectiveness Of Tui Na Massage On Difficulties Of Eating In Children 1-3 Years Age In South Tangerang City In 2020." Health Media 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v2i1.49.
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The growth and development of children is very dependent on the fulfillment of nutrition, problems in fulfilling nutrition such as difficulty eating in toddlers can cause growth and development disorders. One of the triggers for malnutrition is difficult eating behavior in children. Efforts to overcome eating difficulties can be done by pharmacological methods of giving mulvitamins and non-pharmacological methods of acupressure massage, herbs, acupuncture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tui na massage on feeding difficulties in children aged 1-3 years. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a one-group design with pre-test and post-test. The study population was toddlers aged 1-3 years. The sample in this study were 15 respondents aged 1-3 years old using purposive sampling technique. The results of the study used the Wilcoxon test data analysis. The results showed that Tui Na massage was effective in overcoming feeding difficulties in toddlers aged 1-3 years
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Johnson, Tracey, and Elaine Sexton. "Managing children and adolescents on parenteral nutrition: challenges for the nutritional support team." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 3 (August 2006): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2006502.
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Managing infants, children and adolescents, ranging from premature infants to 18-year-old adolescents, on parenteral nutrition (PN) is a challenge. The ability of children to withstand starvation is limited and, unlike adults, children require nutrition for growth. PN in children is often required secondary to a congenital bowel problem rather than because of an acquired condition. Conditions requiring PN include motility disorders, congenital disorders of the intestinal epithelium and short-bowel syndrome (SBS). Intestinal failure may be temporary and children with SBS may be weaned from PN. However, other children require permanent PN. There are no comprehensive guidelines for the nutritional requirements of children and adolescents requiring PN. Practice in individual centres is based on clinical experience rather than clinical trials. Requirements are assessed on an individual basis according to age, nutritional status and clinical condition. These requirements need regular review to ensure that they remain appropriate for the changing age and weight of the child. Assessments of intakes use different methods, e.g. reference tables and predictive equations. Complications of PN include infection, accidental damage to, or removal of, the line and cholestatic liver disease. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is associated with fewer line infections and allows continuation of nutritional support in a more normal environment, encouraging normal development and participation in family activities. However, having a child at home on HPN is associated with physical and psychological stresses. A feeling of depression, loneliness and social isolation is common amongst children and their families. Home-care services are essential to supporting children at home and should be tailored to, and sensitive to, the individual needs of each family.
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Manjula, Manjula. "ART OF COOKING W.S.R CHILD NUTRITION - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." April 2021 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 887–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3309042021.
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Ayurveda, the age-old science of longevity has its own unique approach with childhood nutritional disorders. Ahara is one among three pillars of Ayurveda1. Many common health problems can be prevented through healthy diet. When one consumes the Ahara i.e. food in proper quantity and quality and also with The Ishta Gandha, Ishta Varna, Ishta Rasa it leads to improvement or maintenance of the Bala, Varna, ojus2. So, Ahara plays a very important role in child nutrition to improve the immunity of the child and to maintain the healthy status of child. As mother plays a very important role in preparing the food, it is in the hand of the mother, how she cooks the food by using the innovative ideas to fill the stomach of the child with the nutritious food ingredients with the attractive colour, shapes and taste. So, here an effort is made to prepare some of the food articles which looks like junky, but they are the healthy and nutritious food to provide the required nutrition to the child in the form of different forms of cooking, which helps the mother to cook the food with the innovative ideas. Keywords: Ahara, Ayurveda Cooking, Junk food.
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Abdullah, Mohammad M. H., Jaimee Hughes, and Sara Grafenauer. "Legume Intake Is Associated with Potential Savings in Coronary Heart Disease-Related Health Care Costs in Australia." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142912.
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Legume intake has been associated with lower risk for a number of chronic disorders of high financial burden, and is advocated by dietary guidelines as an important part of healthy dietary patterns. Still, the intake of legumes generally falls short of the recommended levels in most countries around the world despite their role as an alternative protein source. The aim of this study was to assess the potential savings in costs of health care services that would follow the reduction in incidences of coronary heart disease (CHD) when adult consumers achieve a targeted level of 50 g/day of legumes intake in Australia. A cost-of-illness analysis was developed using estimates of current and targeted legumes intake in adults (age 25+ y), the estimated percent reduction in relative risk (95% CI) of CHD following legumes intake, and recent data on health care costs related to CHD in Australia. A sensitivity analysis of ‘very pessimistic’ through to ‘universal’ scenarios suggested savings in CHD-related health care costs equal to AUD 4.3 (95% CI 1.2–7.4) to AUD 85.5 (95% CI 23.3–147.7) million annually. Findings of the study suggest an economic value of incorporating attainable levels of legumes within the dietary behaviors of Australians. Greater prominence of legumes in dietary guidelines could assist with achieving broader sustainability measures in relation to diet, helping to bring together the environment and health as an important pillar in relation to sustainability.
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Tsakona, Pelagia, Vaios Dafoulis, Anastasios Vamvakis, Konstantina Kosta, Styliani Mina, Ioannis Kitsatis, Alexandra Hristara-Papadopoulou, Emmanuel Roilides, and Kyriaki Tsiroukidou. "The Synergistic Effects of a Complementary Physiotherapeutic Scheme in the Psychological and Nutritional Treatment in a Teenage Girl with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Anxiety Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa." Children 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060443.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that can affect the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, often leading to anxiety disorders with chronic activation of the hypothalamic axis (HPA). Moreover, a great proportion of adolescents with T1DM also demonstrate anorexia nervosa (AN), due to the increased preoccupation with food and the need to have an acceptable body image. Herein is described the first case study of an adolescent patient diagnosed with T1DM, anxiety disorder (AD), and AN. A 14-year-old girl with T1DM since the age of 12 years presented weight loss at age 13 years and 3 months and low body mass index (BMI), which did not improve despite dietary recommendations and adequate disease control. Additionally, she presented menstrual disorders at the age of 12 years and 11 months (menstrual age 12 years and 1 month). A psychological evaluation of the teenager was conducted using a semi-structured interview that assessed perceived stress, health status, quality of life, and depression. AD and AN were diagnosed and the patient initiated an intervention focusing on psychological health and nutrition and which incorporated physiotherapeutic relaxation sessions and breathing exercises. After 3 months of treatment, the patient’s BMI was increased, and a normal menstrual cycle was apparent. These results have since remained consistent. Stress leads to the appearance of AN and menstrual disorders. Therefore, physiotherapeutic programs could reduce stress and effectively ameliorate AN and AD.
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Cebrino, Jesús, and Silvia Portero de la Portero de la Cruz. "Diet Quality According to Mental Status and Associated Factors during Adulthood in Spain." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051727.
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Common mental disorders (CMD) are characterized by non-psychotic depressive symptoms, anxiety and somatic complaints, which affect the performance of daily activities. This study aimed to analyze prevalence of diet quality among adults with and without CMD from 2006 to 2017, to study the frequency of food consumption and diet quality according to mental status and age, and to determine which sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors are associated with poor/moderate diet quality, according to mental status. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in adults with (n = 12,545) and without CMD (n = 48,079). The data were obtained from three Spanish National Health Surveys (2006, 2011/2012 and 2017). Two logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with diet quality in people with and without CMD. Among those with CMD, the probability of having poor/moderate diet quality was significantly lower for overweight or obese people and those who took part in leisure-time physical activity. Among those without CMD, university graduates were less likely to have a poor/moderate diet quality. Good diet quality was observed more in older adults (≥65 years old) than in emerging (18–24 years old) or young adults (25–44 years old), regardless of mental status.
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de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. "Nutritional issues for older adults: addressing degenerative ageing with long-term studies." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665116000033.
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The ageing process is influenced by a variety of factors, including extrinsic, malleable lifestyle variables. The present paper deals with the epidemiological evidence for the role of dietary patterns and key nutritional concerns in relation to survival and ageing-related disorders that present themselves in later life. Healthful dietary patterns appear to be most relevant in old age. Specific nutritional concerns are related to vitamin D, vitamin B12 and protein malnutrition. An important challenge to further expand the knowledge base is currently addressed by the NuAge project, acknowledging the complexity of the ageing process and integrating different dimensions of research into human healthy ageing. In the meantime, reversing poor adherence to existing guidelines for a healthy diet remains a first challenge in public health nutritional practices.
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Oellingrath, Inger M., Martin V. Svendsen, and Ingebjørg Hestetun. "Eating patterns and mental health problems in early adolescence – a cross-sectional study of 12–13-year-old Norwegian schoolchildren." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 11 (October 10, 2013): 2554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002747.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between eating patterns and mental health problems in young Norwegian adolescents (12–13 years of age).DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary information was reported by parents using a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure mental health problems. The association between eating patterns and mental health problems was examined using multiple logistic regression analysis.SettingPrimary schools, Telemark County, Norway.SubjectsChildren (n 1095) aged 12–13 years and their parents.ResultsChildren with high scores on a ‘varied Norwegian’ eating pattern were less likely to have indications of any psychiatric disorders (adjusted OR = 0·5; 95 % CI 0·3, 1·0) and hyperactivity-inattention disorders (adjusted OR = 0·4; 95 % CI 0·2, 0·8) than children with low scores on this pattern. Children with high scores on a ‘junk/convenient’ eating pattern were more likely to have indications of hyperactivity-inattention disorders (adjusted OR = 3·4; 95 % CI 1·3, 8·6) than children with low scores on this pattern. Children with high scores on a ‘snacking’ eating pattern were more likely to have indications of conduct/oppositional disorders (adjusted OR = 3·8; 95 % CI 1·2, 11·5) than those with low scores on this eating pattern.ConclusionsWe identified a significant association between eating patterns and mental health problems in young adolescents, independently of physical activity, sedentary activity and background variables. A diverse diet rich in unrefined plant foods, fish and regular meals was associated with better mental health, while energy-dense, nutrient-poor diets and irregular meals were associated with poorer mental health.
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Walsh, Adam D., Adrian J. Cameron, Kylie D. Hesketh, David Crawford, and Karen J. Campbell. "Associations between dietary intakes of first-time fathers and their 20-month-old children are moderated by fathers’ BMI, education and age." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 6 (August 18, 2015): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002755.
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AbstractChildren’s learning about food is considerable during their formative years, with parental influence being pivotal. Research has focused predominantly on maternal influences, with little known about the relationships between fathers’ and children’s diets. Greater understanding of this relationship is necessary for the design of appropriate interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the diets of fathers and their children and the moderating effects of fathers’ BMI, education and age on these associations. The diets of fathers and their first-born children (n 317) in the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program were assessed using an FFQ and 3×24-h recalls, respectively. The InFANT Program is a cluster-randomised controlled trial in the setting of first-time parents groups in Victoria, Australia. Associations between father and child fruit, vegetable, non-core food and non-core drink intakes were assessed using linear regression. The extent to which these associations were mediated by maternal intake was tested. Moderation of associations by paternal BMI, education and age was assessed. Positive associations were found between fathers’ and children’s intake of fruit, sweet snacks and take-away foods. Paternal BMI, education and age moderated the relationships found for the intakes of fruit (BMI), vegetables (age), savoury snacks (BMI and education) and take-away foods (BMI and education). Our findings suggest that associations exist at a young age and are moderated by paternal BMI, education and age. This study highlights the importance of fathers in modelling healthy diets for their children.
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Muhutdinova, G. M., E. G. Gomsina, A. A. Imamov, and M. V. Karpova. "Prevalence of metabolic disorders in the imbalance of selenium in schoolchildren of 13–14 years old." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2208-04.
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In modern conditions, the need for vital nutrients, in particular, micronutrients, varies depending on age, season, physical activity. The modern diet of ordinary natural products cannot provide a sufficient level of consumption of micronutrients, which play an important role in various metabolic processes of the body. Such an element may be selenium. Seasona l manifestations of selenium deficiency in the body of schoolchildren aged 13–14 in the Leninogorsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) are associated with insufficient intake of trace elements from the environment, in particular selenium, contribute to metabolic disorders. For this purpose, a seasonal analysis of biomaterials (hair) taken from adolescents (n = 84, 50 % of them boys) aged 13–14 years [median (Me) — 13.5 years] was carried out among schoolchildren for the quantitative content of selenium. Anthropometric studies were carried out, the body composition of the examined schoolchildren was assessed, the frequency of the lack of selenium content among adolescents. The studies revealed concentrations of selenium in the hair of adolescents below the reference values: in boys in 35 % of cases, in girls — in 43 %. This fact correlates with body mass index, fat mass, active cell mass, with musculoskeletal mass, with the basic metabolism. When assessing the actual nutrition among adolescents, a lack of selenium in the diet was revealed in 55 % of boys and 64 % of girls. To correct selenium deficiency in the diet, a seasonal fortification of the school menu is proposed — fortification of food products with selenium and iodine at the same time, since these trace elements are functionally closely interrelated, the creation of accessible laboratory control for the quantitative content of selenium and iodine in local food products.
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Mora, Fernando, Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon, Sonia Fernandez-Rojo, Miguel A. Ortega, Miriam P. Felix-Alcantara, Isabel Morales-Gil, Alberto Rodriguez-Quiroga, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, and Javier Quintero. "Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071481.
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Background: current findings in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) do not allow the formulation of a unique causal model. Currently, the main hypotheses about the etiopathogenesis are based on a multifactorial approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as self-esteem, in students of the first cycle of middle school and the probability of belonging to the risk group of eating disorders (ED) measured through the EAT-26 scale. Methods: The study target population consists of students of the first cycle of middle school. The instruments applied to the population consisted in: (1) a survey of sociodemographic data and behavioral variables; (2) Rosenberg’s self-esteem test; and (3) EAT Test (Eating Attitudes Test 26). Results: Of a total of 656 students belonging to eight educational centers in Madrid who were offered to participate in the study, 88.6% (n = 579) answered the whole questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 13.7 years old. Of the participating adolescents, 57.3% were male and the remaining 42.7% (n = 260) were female. A significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and belonging to an ED risk group, with an OR = 0.910 (CI 95% 0.878–0.943). Hence, each one-point increase on the self-esteem dimension decreased the risk of belonging to an ED risk group by 9.5%. In the variables considered in the area of dysfunctional feeding patterns, the variables ‘number of meals’ (p < 0.01), ‘dieting’ (p < 0.01), and ‘drug consumption to lose weight’ (p < 0.01) were found to be related to the risk of belonging to the ED group. Conclusions: The results obtained in our research can help to establish explanatory models that include the understanding of the interaction of the different factors that influence the appearance and development of EDs. Therefore, these should be taken into consideration when developing ED preventive programs.
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Ghammachi, Nadine, Seema Mihrshahi, and Rimante Ronto. "Web-Based Experiential Nutrition Education Intervention “The Green Hub” to Promote Sustainable and Healthy Diets among Young Adults in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215207.
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Background: Sustainable and healthy dietary patterns can help achieve both optimal health and reduce environmental impacts. They involve the increased intake of plant-based foods which are local and seasonal, and reduced intake of animal-derived foods and food wastage. There is emerging evidence regarding the use and effectiveness of web-based health promotion programs to improve diet related behaviours especially in young adults. This study investigated the effectiveness of the “Green Hub” pilot study, a four-week web-based experiential nutrition education intervention to promote sustainable and healthy diets among young adults in Australia. Methods: This study used a pre-/post-study design with process evaluation. The four-week intervention integrated modules on different aspects of a sustainable and healthy diets and was delivered through a private Facebook group. Eligible participants were young adults between the age of 18–25 years old residing in Australia. Results: Out of 19 participants who consented, 17 participants completed the program. Two thirds of participants (67%) stated that they were familiar with the sustainable and healthy diet concept but only 33% were able to define this concept comprehensively. The post-intervention survey resulted in improved knowledge, attitudes, and motivation to adopt more sustainable eating patterns. Conclusion: The “Green Hub” experiential nutrition education program showed positive impact on participants’ willingness to adopt sustainable and healthy diets. The findings of this pilot study will inform future larger scale studies and policy development on improving sustainable and healthy diets among young adults.
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Lee, Sarah, Tammie S. Choi, Nicole Kellow, and Catherine Huggins. "How and Why Diets Change Post Migration for Chinese Immigrants." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_058.
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Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is disproportionally greater in Chinese immigrants in Australia compared with in China. Dietary acculturation is implicated as a CVD risk factor. This study aimed to explored Chinese immigrants’ perspectives on how and why their diets change post migration. Methods An exploratory qualitative interview study was undertaken with adult Chinese migrants who had been living in Australia for less than 10 years. Semi-structured interview questions were designed to draw out participants’ experience, emotions and thoughts of dietary change. Interviews were conducted via Zoom in participants’ preferred language (Mandarin or English). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for analysis. A constructivist approach was adopted to thematically analyse the interviews. Results A total of 11 participants were interviewed (n = 3 males and n = 8 females) and ranged in age from 22–68 years old with length of residence in Australia ranging from 1–8 years. Key themes pertaining to how and why dietary changes that occur post migration are: that breakfast is the first meal to change from Chinese to Western style, convenience is one of the primary drivers of change in dietary habits, dinner is most frequently maintained in Chinese style, cultural identity is an important influence on dietary habits, and awareness of dietary change among Chinese immigrants is low as evidenced through statements such as “not much has changed” when asked about differences in their diet, but further probing identified that their post migration diets were quite different from their diets in China. Participants also reported a lack of general healthy eating knowledge and lack of nutrition education from China. Conclusions Though diets of Chinese immigrants to Australia change post migration, particularly in relation to breakfast, due to convenience, awareness of this change is low. Low awareness of dietary change along with lack of knowledge relating to healthy eating, could be a mechanism for adoption of unhealthy dietary patterns that may contribute to increased chronic disease risk for Chinese immigrants over time. Funding Sources No funding to declare.
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Khan, Bushra, Sadia Bashir, Ayesha Khan Khakwani, Sajilah Karim, Zia Ul Islam, Atqa Firdous, and MM Khan. "Risk Factors Associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168233.
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Introduction: To determine the risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among pregnant women. Methods: In this study, we included 200 patients, 100 were those who were diagnosed with any HDP and 100 were control patients, who were pregnant and did not have any HDP. The study was conducted in Nishtar Hospital Multan from June-2021 to June-2022. Women having blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg was 20 weeks of gestation were labelled as having HDP. Risk factors of HDP were noted. Results: Mean age of patients was 28.45±8.45 years in cases and 30.41±9.61 years in controls. On univariate analysis, age >35 years Univariate analysis was done to determine the risk factors of HDP. Age >35 years (OR 3.63 (1.08-12.18), p-value 0.02), obesity (OR 3.16 (1.03-9.68), p-value 0.03), living in rural area (OR 2.26 (1.01-5.05), p-value of 0.04), nulliparity (OR 3.45 (1.22-9.75), p-value 0.016), positive family history of hypertension (OR 4.04 (1.21-13.43), p-value 0.017), twin pregnancy, lack of regular visit of antenatal clinics (OR 0.31 (0.12-0.95), p-value 0.02), Previous history of abortion (OR 9.33 (1.12-77.7), p-value 0.01), chronic hypertension (OR 4.5 (0.91-22.7), p-value 0.04). Conclusion: This study revealed rural lifestyle, old age, multiple pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy weight as independent risk factors. It is advised that health care providers employ these indicators as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of pregnant hypertensive problems. Keywords: Gestational hypertension, Preeclampsia, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Krasta, Ingrida, Aldis Vidzis, Anda Brinkmane, and Ingrida Cema. "Evaluation of Oral Therapeuthical and Surgical Treatment Needs among Retirement Age Population in Different Countries." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10163-012-0027-3.
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Evaluation of Oral Therapeuthical and Surgical Treatment Needs among Retirement Age Population in Different Countries Oral health in connection with quality of life is affected by such functional factors as dental decay and its complications, untreated tooth roots, oral mucosal diseases and inflammations, precancerous diseases, cancers, pain in temporomandibular joints, xerostomia and partially or fully edentulous jaws. It has been noted in literature that among retirement age population the number of remaining teeth has increased and the number of untreated decayed teeth in developed countries for the last 20 years has decreased. Despite this fact the need to improve measures of oral health remains actual in this age group due to increasing prevalence of diagnosed oral diseases and number of extracted teeth and roots. Oral health indicators among retirement age population living in nursing homes in such countries as Canada, USA, UK, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Australia and Lithuania differ from the same age group indicators among self-dependent old people able to take care of themself. Oral health indicators of nursing homes residents in many countries are significantly worse than oral health indicators of the corresponding age group population. The proposed evaluation data of oral hygiene, periodontal status, DMF-T index, quality of existing and needs of new prosthodontics as well as oral mucosal disorders among retirement age population provides an important insight into therapeutic and surgical treatment provision in different countries.
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Christian, Jennifer B., Maneesh X. Juneja, Amy M. Meadowcroft, Spencer Borden, and Kimberly A. Lowe. "Prevalence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Elevated Triglyceride Levels in US Children." Clinical Pediatrics 50, no. 12 (August 3, 2011): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922811414286.
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Limited information is available on the epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG; 150-499 mg/dL) and severe HTG (SHTG; >500 mg/dL) in children. This study estimates the prevalence of HTG and SHTG, evaluates factors that may be associated with these conditions, and describes the use of dyslipidemic agents in children. The sample included children 12 to 19 years old who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 (n = 3248) and children 5 to 19 years of age who were part of a large managed-care claims database in the United States (n = 65 258). Results from NHANES confirm the rarity of SHTG in the US pediatric population (ie, 0.2%). Factors statistically significantly associated with having HTG or SHTG in the claims database were being male, 12 to 19 years old, having high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), having low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), diabetes, and psychological disorders. Fibrates were the most commonly prescribed triglyceride-lowering agent among children with SHTG, followed by statins and Lovaza.
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Guennoun, Yasmine, Nada Benajiba, Khalid Elkari, Amina Bouziani, Laila Elammari, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh, Noureddine Elhaloui, Amina Barkat, Hasnae Benkirane, and Hassan Aguenaou. "The threshold of sweet taste recognition among a sample of Moroccan population." Nutrition & Food Science 52, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2021-0023.
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Purpose Sugar consumption in Morocco is high, which is involved in triggering serious health conditions. Hence, assessing the recognition threshold of sweet taste among Moroccans is strongly needed. This study aims to determine the threshold of sweet taste recognition and to evaluate differences by sex, age and body mass index among a sample of Moroccan population. Design/methodology/approach This single-blind trial was conducted among 199 healthy participants to determine the sweet taste. Age and anthropometric characteristics were registered. Nine sucrose solutions of the following concentrations (0; 0.111; 0.333; 1; 3; 9; 27; 81; 243 mmol/L) were prepared. Sweet taste perception thresholds were determined based on the validated 3-alternative forced choice test method. Findings The average age of the sample population was 21.5 ± 26.1. And more than half (51.7%) detected the taste at the concentration of 9 mmol/L, while 91.9% recognized it at a concentration of 27 mmol/L. In terms of sex, the recognition of taste was not different between females and males (p > 0.05). The mean values of the threshold among women were significantly lower (20 ± 20.8 mmol/L) compared to men (23.9 ± 33.2 mmol/L). The age group 49–59 years old had the lowest threshold with a mean of 13.4 ± 10.2 mmol/L, and the groups with BMI in the overweight category had mean of 16.9 ± 18.2 mmol/L. However, no statistical difference was observed among either age groups or BMI categories. Originality/value The sweet recognition threshold among the studied population is high. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to educate the population about the necessity of a progressive reduction of sugar in food items to combat non-communicable disorders.
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Ibrahim, Khadiga, Eman El Sayed, and Heba Mahdy-Abdallah. "Role of Environment, Nutrition, Microbiota, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Dietary Supplements in Autism." Archives of Ecotoxicology 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2020.2.4.79-88.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with the age of onset under 3 years old. It is characterized by definite impairments in social interactions, speech abnormalities, and stereotyped patterns of behaviors. Although the exact pathology and etiology of ASD are not fully elucidated, exposure to environmental toxins, micronutrients deficiency, dysbiosis and mutation in genes of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway are emerging as risk factors for ASD. Maternal exposure to heavy metals, air pollutants, and pesticides markedly increases the risk of ASD. Many clinical and experimental trials documented that gastrointestinal symptoms and disturbances of the gut microbiota usually accompanied cerebral disorders in autistic patients. Furthermore, studies showed that gene mutations causing hyperactivation of mTOR significantly lead to autistic symptoms. Pharmacological and nutritional interventions revealed a significant improvement in autistic individuals. The use of dietary supplements and the elimination diets exhibit minor or no adverse effects as compared to conventional drugs. In this review article, we tried to summarize some of the etiological factors that predispose to autism. We discussed the possible mechanisms that potentiate autistic symptoms by such factors. Also, we focused on the role of interventions either by various dietary supplements or by elimination diets in the management of autism.
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Sosnina, Svetlana F., and P. V. Okatenko. "THE ENDOCRINE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN OF FEMALE WORKERS OF NUCLEAR ENERGETICS ENTERPRISE." Health Care of the Russian Federation 62, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2018-62-4-211-219.
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The article presents the results of evaluation of post-natal deviations in offspring of individuals underwent irradiation exposure at work that testify necessity of supporting radiation security of personnel of reproductive age. Purpose of study. To analyze endocrine metabolic disorders in children of female workers of nuclear industry having cumulated pre-conceptive doses of external gamma-radiation. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis was carried out concerning data of medical documentation of 1190 children prior to age of 15 years old. Out of them, 238 children were offspring of mothers underwent radiation exposure at work. The methods of non-parametric statistics were applied. The factorial analysis method of principal components was applied to establish latent factors. Results. The range of pre-conceptive doses of external gamma-radiation of gonads of mothers made up to 0,09-3523,7 mGy and average absorbed dose on gonads made up to 373,6 ± 34,2 mGy. In the groups, no significant differences in rate of endocrine metabolic pathology were established. In the structure of class "Diseases of endocrine system, nutrition disorders and metabolic imbalance" prevalence of rickets and malnutrition of children of early age were established. In the group of offspring of radiation exposed mothers, a statistically reliable exceeding of both thyroid pathology in general and iodine-deficiency conditions was established with main input of sub-group of girls. There was no evidence of autoimmune endocrine pathology and malignant neoplasms of thyroid gland in the examined groups. The factorial analysis in the group of offspring of female workers of nuclear industry marked out five factors characterizing feeding of infant of the first year of life (dispersion 25.5%), obstetrical anamnesis of mothers (dispersion 11.1%), harmful habits of mothers (dispersion 9.8%), anthropometric status of newborns (dispersion 7.3%) and pre-conceptive irradiation of mothers (dispersion 6.2%). The higher factorial load of variable "dose on gonads" (0.8) is demonstrated. Conclusion. The presented characteristics can be used for early detection of endocrine metabolic disorders in offspring of irradiation exposed mothers in case of dispensary observation.
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DÜDÜKÇÜ, Nardane, and Serdal ÖĞÜT. "Psychobiotics and Elderly Health." Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 14, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1033628.
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While aging with physiological dimensions refers to the changes seen with chronological age, on the other hand, aging with psychological dimensions refers to the change of humans’ capacity to adaptively. Such as learning, psychomotor, problem-solving and personality traits. With the improvement of life quality in recent years, the average life expectancy and therefore the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly have also increased. Although the aging process is universal, progressive, gradual and unstoppable, human gut microbiota-targeted aging management is a new approach to health and anti-aging. Nutrition plays a big factor in the elderly population with providing adequate cognitive and physical functions and when taking the right nutrition it also reduces the risk of chronic diseases. When adding functional foods into the diet, it can play a significant role to reduce the risk of diet-related diseases. Such as probiotics and prebiotics. In recent years, a new subclass of probiotics called ‘psychobiotics’ has emerged. These psychobiotics are defined as probiotics that, when taken in appropriate amounts, it creates positive psychiatric effects in human psychopathology. Examination of this new class of probiotics provides a glimmer of hope for the effective management of neurodegenerative diseases and various psychiatric disorders, especially with increasing life expectancy. Also, recommending the use of probiotics in old age will contribute to the treatment of some health problems related to aging.
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Helen Reshma K, Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj, and Vishnu Priya V. "Association between osteoporosis and gender, age, hypothyroidism, sex hormones among the middle-aged and old-aged population - A survey-based analysis." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 16, 2020): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2986.
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Osteoporosis is a bone disease that results in weakening of bones and breakage of bones in severe cases. It means porous bone. It is most commonly seen in elderly people of both the sexes. In the early stages of bone loss, there are no symptoms. But once the bone gets weakened symptoms such as back pain, stooped posture, loss of height over time and easy breakage of bones can be seen. Age, sex, family history, sex hormones, thyroid problems are the risk factors of osteoporosis. Dietary factors such as low calcium intake and eating disorders are also the risk factor in osteoporosis. Sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use can increase the risk of osteoporosis: good nutrition and regular exercise help to keep our bones healthy throughout our life. A self-administered questionnaire containing about 15 questions were prepared and circulated through online survey Google forms link. About 100 middle-aged and old-aged male and female people responded to the survey. The responses were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. 54% of the total population was male. 53% of the participants have responded that they have back pain. 38% of people responded that their parents or siblings suffer from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more common among elderly people and in postmenopausal women. Also, not only women but men also suffer from osteoporosis. A proper healthy diet and weight-bearing exercises can prevent osteoporosis. Prevention from fractures is the primary goal in osteoporosis.
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Probst, Guan, and Neale. "Development of a Choline Database to Estimate Australian Population Intakes." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040913.
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The AUSNUT 2011–13 food composition database was expanded to include Australian choline values. The development began with a systematic literature review of published studies. Analytical data from the food studies were extracted and aligned with their equivalent AUSNUT food identification code. Global food composition databases containing choline values were matched to the remaining AUSNUT food codes, following the FAO INFOODS food matching guidelines, including adjustments for moisture and protein composition. Composite foods, and not further-specified foods, were developed using the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) recipe files. The completed choline database was then employed to analyse the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–12, with population and sampling weightings applied. Survey respondents were classified into categories based on their level of choline intake and compared with the Australian Adequate Intake levels. Food sources of intake were also explored. Multiple linear regression models were developed for food group contributors to choline intake. Mean choline intakes varied from 151.50 mg for pregnant 14–18 years old, to 310.54 mg for 19–64 year old males. Less than 10% of the population by age and gender were achieving the Adequate Intake for choline. Eggs and their contributing food groups were the top ranked food sources of choline for the population.
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Heuberger, Roschelle, and Irene O’Boyle. "Beverage consumption, and its associations with BMI and lifestyle factors in rural community participants." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 7, SI (September 15, 2009): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v7isi.2001.
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Beverages with little nutritional value, such as carbonated beverages, may negatively impact nutrition and have long-term health implications, including but not limited to obesity. This study examined the risks for beverage consumption choices and intake of participants living in a rural community. Multiple questionnaires adapted from the Chronic Illness Resources Survey, the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Questionnaire and 24 Hour Food Recall were administered to a cross sectional sample (n=706) using trained interviewers. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years of age (SD +/- 7.32) with 49.7% females and 50.1% males. Results indicated that carbonated beverages and alcohol consumption were related to increased caloric intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) in the sample (p< 0.05). Calories derived from carbonated beverages and alcohol consumption in younger persons (below age 35) exceeded (p < 0.5) weight and age recommendations for intake as determined by the National Research Council. Older persons (34-53 and > 53 years old), both male and female, drank fewer carbonated beverages and consumed significantly (p < .05) more caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea and hot chocolate. The study results suggest an increased need for research into beverage consumption and its relationship to BMI.
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Mo, Zhe, Xiaoming Lou, Guangming Mao, Zhifang Wang, Wenming Zhu, Zhijian Chen, and Xiaofeng Wang. "Larger Thyroid Volume and Adequate Iodine Nutrition in Chinese Schoolchildren: Local Normative Reference Values Compared with WHO/IGN." International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8079704.
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Objective. Thyroid volume measured by ultrasound to define goiter needs reliable local thyroid volume reference from iodine-sufficient populations. The aim of this study is to explore the reference interval for normal thyroid volume in schoolchildren aged 8–10 years from Zhejiang Province, China.Methods. A probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method was applied to select a representative sample of 1213 children aged 8–10 years in Zhejiang Province to detect the thyroid volume, salt iodine, and urine iodine.Results. Median urinary iodine concentration in involved schoolchildren was 178.30 (125.00) μg l−1, with the percentage of samples less than 100 μg l−1as 12.69% and more than 300 μg l−1as 15.25%. Thyroid volume was significantly correlated with age and anthropometric measurements independently of each other. The 97th percentile of thyroid volume in our study was larger generally than the new international reference.Conclusions. The iodine nutritional status in Zhejiang Province was at an adequate level. Despite some limitations in this study, we initially established the reference values for thyroid volume in 8–10-year-old schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province, China, as a local reference to be used for monitoring iodine deficiency disorders.
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Folwarski, Marcin, Stanisław Kłęk, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Adam Wyszomirski, Michał Brzeziński, and Magdalena Skotnicka. "Trend Observations in Home Parenteral Nutrition. Prevalence, Hospitalizations and Costs: Results from a Nationwide Analysis of Health Care Provider Data." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103465.
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Background: The population of patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) worldwide is growing. Since only a few counties provide data from national registries long-term observations are valuable to address this specific area of nutrition support. This study is a nationwide analysis determining the trends in the epidemiology of HPN (prevalence, age distribution, death rates), indications for HPN, causes for hospitalizations, and cost analysis of HPN reimbursement in Poland between 2010–2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from the national health fund (NHF) of Poland on adult patients on HPN. Results: The prevalence of adult patients on HPN in Poland in 2020 was 53.26 per million citizens with a 2.99-fold increase and a growing trend observed from 2010. Significant decrease in the percentage of patients between 18–34, 45–54 and an increase in patients between 65–74 and patients over 75 years old was observed. Trend analysis showed an increase in new patients between 65–74 and a decrease between 35–54. Malnutrition (34.28%), postprocedural disorders of the GI tract (19.61%), intestinal malabsorption/other intestinal diseases (20.41%) and GI obstruction due to cancer (17.36% as primary and 23.16% as secondary diagnosis) were mostly reported as the primary indications for HPN. Cancer patients were mostly gastric, ovarian and colon cancer (34.74%, 17.83% and 12.3%). HPN and total health cost reimbursement increase was 2.6 and 2.57—fold respectively. Costs of HPN and total health care costs in 2020 per patient were € 10,015 and € 16,038, respectively. Overall death risk rate during the first year of nutrition was 0.59 with a significant increase in the observation period p-trend < 0.004. A significant increase in the death rate was observed in patients above 75 years old (estimate 1.629, p-trend < 0.030). Cancer, infection, malnutrition and GI symptoms were the most common indications for hospitalizations of HPN patients. The rate of patients with a maximal length of HPN of 5 months in 2010 was 54.9% and was growing up to 78.1% in 2020. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPN in Poland is growing. Trends of age distribution show increasing numbers of patients with more advanced age and shorter survival. Costs of HPN are comparable with other European data.
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Bhate, Vidya, Swapna Deshpande, Dattatray Bhat, Niranjan Joshi, Rasika Ladkat, Sujala Watve, Caroline Fall, Celeste A. de Jager, Helga Refsum, and Chittaranjan Yajnik. "Vitamin B12 Status of Pregnant Indian Women and Cognitive Function in their 9-year-old Children." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 29, no. 4 (December 2008): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900401.
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Background Recent research has highlighted the influence of maternal factors on the health of the offspring. Intrauterine experiences may program metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders. We have shown that maternal vitamin B12 status affects adiposity and insulin resistance in the child. Vitamin B12 is important for brain development and function. Objective We investigated the relationship between maternal plasma vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and the child's cognitive function at 9 years of age. Methods We studied children born in the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Two groups of children were selected on the basis of maternal plasma vitamin B12 concentration at 28 weeks of gestation: group 1 ( n = 49) included children of mothers with low plasma vitamin B12 (lowest decile, < 77 pM) and group 2 ( n = 59) children of mothers with high plasma vitamin B12 (highest decile, > 224 pM). Results Children from group 1 performed more slowly than those from group 2 on the Color Trail A test (sustained attention, 182 vs. 159 seconds; p < .05) and the Digit Span Backward test (short-term memory, p <.05), after appropriate adjustment for confounders. There were no differences between group 1 and group 2 on other tests of cognitive function (intelligence, visual agnosia). Conclusions Maternal vitamin B12 status in pregnancy influences cognitive function in offspring.
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Bayer, Jordana K., Ruth Beatson, Lesley Bretherton, Harriet Hiscock, Melissa Wake, Tamsyn Gilbertson, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Luke A. Prendergast, and Ronald M. Rapee. "Translational delivery of Cool Little Kids to prevent child internalising problems: Randomised controlled trial." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417726582.
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Objective: To determine whether a population-delivered parenting programme assists in preventing internalising problems at school entry for preschool children at-risk with temperamental inhibition. Methods: Design: a randomised controlled trial was used. Setting: the setting was 307 preschool services across eight socioeconomically diverse government areas in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: a total of 545 parents of inhibited 4-year-old children: 498 retained at 1-year follow up. Early intervention: Cool Little Kids parenting group programme was implemented. Primary outcomes: the primary outcomes were child DSM-IV anxiety disorders (assessor blind) and internalising problems. Secondary outcomes: the secondary outcomes were parenting practices and parent mental health. Results: At 1-year follow up (mean (standard deviation) age = 5.8 (0.4) years), there was little difference in anxiety disorders between the intervention and control arms (44.2% vs 50.2%; adjusted odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = [0.60, 1.25], p = 0.427). Internalising problems were reduced in the intervention arm (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: abnormal – 24.2% vs 33.0%; adjusted odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = [0.35, 0.89], p = 0.014; symptoms – mean (standard deviation) = 2.5 (2.0) vs 2.9 (2.2); adjusted mean difference = –0.47, 95% confidence interval = [–0.81, –0.13], p = 0.006). Parents’ participation in the intervention was modest (29.4% attended most groups, 20.5% used skills most of the time during the year). A priori interaction tests suggested that for children with anxious parents, the intervention reduced anxiety disorders and internalising symptoms after 1 year. Conclusion: Offering Cool Little Kids across the population for inhibited preschoolers does not impact population outcomes after 1 year. Effects may be emerging for inhibited children at highest risk with parent anxiety. Trial outcomes will continue into mid-childhood.
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Dewi, Tenny Setiani, Nelly Nainggolan, and Dewi Zakiawati. "IDIOPATHIC TASTE IMPAIRMENT IN A YOUNG WOMAN: A CASE REPORT." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i2.14620.
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ABSTRACT Background: The underlying cause of taste impairment includes damage in the central or peripheral nervous system, nutrition deficiency, systemic disease, or idiopathic. This condition usually occurs with advancing age. Taste alteration may affect the patient’s psychological aspect and causing malnutrition or even develop into more serious health problems. Purpose: This report aims to evaluate an unusual partial ageusia in a young woman and to review articles with idiopathic taste disorders. Case: A 33-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine from the neurology department with a primary diagnosis of migraine and median nerve mononeuropathy. The patient also complained of loss of tastes (salty, bitter, and sour) accompanied by numbness on the palate and left buccal mucosa for the past two weeks. Case Management: The patient was given a 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash and 25 mg zinc tablets twice a day. After 2 weeks, she can identify bitter, and followed by sweet and sour in the next few weeks, as well as improvement of the numbness. Eighteen studies of idiopathic taste disorders from 1991-2021 have been reported in the literature. Conclusion: Taste disorders with unknown aetiology may happen in young individuals. Zinc has been proven as a beneficial micronutrient to treat patients with idiopathic taste impairment. Dentists should consider this approach to resolve the symptoms and accelerate the healing process of possible co-occurrence systemic diseases. Keywords: Ageusia, idiopathic, Taste dysfunction, Treatment
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Zouari Mallouli, Salma, Sahar Najjar, Fatma Kamoun Feki, Olfa Jallouli, Sihem Ben Nsir, Wafa Bouchaala, Matilde Leonardi, and Chahnez Charfi Triki. "Lessons learned from COVID-19 impact of pandemic on children with neurological disorders in Sfax, Tunisia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.21940.
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To record the experience of caregivers for neurologically impaired children during the lockdown periods. Data from 286 children's caregivers were collected through an administered questionnaire to record: access to care services during the lockdown periods, causes underlying loss of access to care, mitigations adopted by caregivers and patients’ outcomes. The mean age of children was 8.11 years-old and sex ratio (F/M) was 0.66. They were mainly followed-up for epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy (53%) and cerebral palsy (21%). During the lockdown periods, caregivers reported that 45% of children had no access to healthcare majorly for neurorehabilitation (76.7%) and medicines (70.7%). Most caregivers (36%) related limitations in access to fear from catching the virus. The majority resorted to continuation of the same treatment via primary healthcare facilities (41%) and postponement of their appointments (24%). Our results show that access to healthcare for children with neurological disorders was deeply disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The already precarious health systems’ infrastructures might have been the main causes for this and should be thus considered in the health policy and planing.