Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nutriments – Influence'
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Veillette, Marc. "Biofiltration du méthane issu de l'industrie porcine influence de l'ammonium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5494.
Full textLacotte, Denis. "Biodégradation in vitro d'un pétrole par des communautés bactériennes marines : influence des sources en nutriments." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30065.
Full textBlanckaert, Alice. "Effets de la disponibilité en macro- et micro-nutriments sur la physiologie des coraux tropicaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS010.
Full textTropical corals have adapted to life in nutrient-poor waters by establishing a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae). Indeed, dinoflagellates use macronutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, DIN and DIP) and trace metals from the seawater to form organic molecules essential for coral growth. However, for optimal growth and function, the coral-dinoflagellates association requires optimal quality and concentrations of these nutrients. This is not the case in reefs exposed to anthropogenic disturbances or specific environmental conditions (e.g. upwellings). In these reefs, particularly low or high nutrient concentrations or imbalanced DIN:DIP ratios may disrupt the symbiosis. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of nutrient availability and changes in seawater DIN:DIP ratios on coral physiology. In particular, this thesis provides new insights into the response of different coral species to balanced and imbalanced DIN:DIP ratios. Overall, corals remain healthy as long as they are exposed to a balanced DIN:DIP ratio in seawater, even at high DIN and DIP concentrations. In contrast, the results show a complex response to imbalanced DIN:DIP ratios that depends on environmental factors and coral species. Octocorals have very low uptake rates of DIN and DIP, which are not sufficient to alter their tissue composition and stoichiometry (C:N:P) and impair coral physiology. In contrast, in scleractinian corals, a high uptake rates of DIN and DIP rapidly induce a large supply of nutrients into the coral tissue. If nitrogen input is not balanced by a proportional input of phosphorus, changes in cellular elemental composition and stoichiometry are observed, leading to an impairment of coral physiology. In addition, nitrogen identity (ammonium or nitrate) impacts corals differently. Ammonium promotes phosphorus uptake via hydrolysis of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by phosphatases, while the opposite is observed with nitrate. Finally, the results also suggest that corals may be limited in trace metals, particularly iron, which may reduce coral resilience to thermal stress. This thesis provides important information for better management of reefs in the era of climate change. The results show that maintaining a balanced DIN:DIP ratio in seawater is essential for coral health and highlight the importance of metal availability, particularly iron, for coral resistance and resilience to thermal stress
Karleskind, Pierre. "Bilan en carbone, oxygène et nutriments dans l'Atlantique nord-est : influence de la petite et de la moyenne échelle." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2053.
Full textPerron, Julie. "Influence de l'affichage nutritionnel sur l'apport en calories et en nutriments chez les femmes de poids normal et obèses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25481.
Full textTo promote health and prevent obesity among the population, one strategy implemented by instance of public health is nutrition labeling on food products. This strategy has been targeted as a key tool to inform and help individuals in making healthier food choices and facilitate adoption of better eating behaviors. In Canada, the most prevalent voluntary type of labeling is related to fat content message. Another example of labeling strategy increasingly implemented in an attempt to reduce obesity is posting of calories at point-of-purchase and it is now mandatory in some United States’ restaurant chains. This work is dedicated to weight and nutritional labeling issues. The main objective of the research is to measure the impact of fat related nutrient claim and posting calorie on calorie and nutrient intake of women during a 10-day period. The results show that these two labeling strategies do not affect the calorie intake of women.
Marquat, Christel. "Influence du froid sur l'orientation des flux de nutriments en relation avec la dormance du bourgeon végétatif chez le pêcher." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21827.
Full textJacq, Violaine. "Influence de la biodisponibilité des nutriments sur la fixation de N2 et réponse de Crocosphaera watsonii face à la limitation en fer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066365/document.
Full textDespite the biogeochemical importance of N2 fixation, which represents the largest source of newly-Fixed nitrogen to the open ocean, some uncertainties remain about its controlling factors. Iron (Fe) is widely suspected as a key controlling factor due to the high Fe content of the nitrogenase complex and to its low concentration in oceanic surface seawaters. N2 fixation rates associated with unicellular N2 fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN) were estimated to be ~50% of the total N2 fixation at global scale, but as they have been recently discovered few studies have been conducted on these organisms. We performed culture experiments in order to quantify for the first time the response of an UCYN, Crocosphaera watsonii, to Fe limitation. Reduction of ambient Fe concentration led to significant decreases in growth rate and N2 fixation rates per cell and we observed an adaptive strategy to Fe limitation with a cell volume reduction. Then, the enhancement of growth and activity of C. watsonii under Fe limitation condition after artificial Saharan rain addition highlighted that at least a part of the Fe released by the dust is bioavailable. In subtropical North Atlantic, an important contribution of N2 fixation to new production was observed and we showed that primary production and N2 fixation were globally P-Limited. We revealed that trace metals play a key role in controlling N2 fixation in this area. Saharan rain addition stimulated N2 fixation, presumably by supplying these nutrients. All these results contribute to our knowledge of the control of oceanic N2 fixation and provide new insight about interactions between Fe, nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycles
Jacq, Violaine. "Influence de la biodisponibilité des nutriments sur la fixation de N2 et réponse de Crocosphaera watsonii face à la limitation en fer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066365.
Full textDespite the biogeochemical importance of N2 fixation, which represents the largest source of newly-Fixed nitrogen to the open ocean, some uncertainties remain about its controlling factors. Iron (Fe) is widely suspected as a key controlling factor due to the high Fe content of the nitrogenase complex and to its low concentration in oceanic surface seawaters. N2 fixation rates associated with unicellular N2 fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN) were estimated to be ~50% of the total N2 fixation at global scale, but as they have been recently discovered few studies have been conducted on these organisms. We performed culture experiments in order to quantify for the first time the response of an UCYN, Crocosphaera watsonii, to Fe limitation. Reduction of ambient Fe concentration led to significant decreases in growth rate and N2 fixation rates per cell and we observed an adaptive strategy to Fe limitation with a cell volume reduction. Then, the enhancement of growth and activity of C. watsonii under Fe limitation condition after artificial Saharan rain addition highlighted that at least a part of the Fe released by the dust is bioavailable. In subtropical North Atlantic, an important contribution of N2 fixation to new production was observed and we showed that primary production and N2 fixation were globally P-Limited. We revealed that trace metals play a key role in controlling N2 fixation in this area. Saharan rain addition stimulated N2 fixation, presumably by supplying these nutrients. All these results contribute to our knowledge of the control of oceanic N2 fixation and provide new insight about interactions between Fe, nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycles
Bazin, Alain. "Influence de l'environnement sur la repartition et la production des tannins condenses et du cyanure : tests de la theorie de l'equilibre carbone/nutriments." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112218.
Full textKhamsouk, Bounmanh. "Impact de la culture bananière sur l'environnement : influence des systèmes de cultures sur l'érosion, le bilan hydrique et les pertes en nutriments sur un sol volcanique en Martinique : cas du sol brun rouille à halloysite." Montpellier, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSA0009.
Full textYao, Jingmei. "The influence of invertebrate and microbial cross-community interactions on the nitrate removal function in the hyporheic zone." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30225/document.
Full textThis PhD study aims to understand how the biodiversity influences the water purification processes in the hyporheic zone of running water, as an important regulating service that reduces the quantity of pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Few studies have focused on how the invertebrate community influences the functioning of hyporheic zones, which are considered as a biogeochemical reactor that largely contributes to nutrient cycling capacity of the rivers. Nitrate retention or denitrification functions in hyporheic zones are used as indicators for the water purification service. The relationship between the nitrate removal function and its associated biodiversity was tested at different scales from indoor microcosms to in-stream reaches and the hyporheic habitat of a large river (Garonne) meander, under natural and stressful conditions. First, the linkage between invertebrates and the nitrate (NO3-) removal function was given in evidence in a series of infiltration columns that mimicked the riverbed conditions with its benthic communities. A gradient of community diversity was created with biofilm, meiofauna and macrofauna communities' combination in different treatments. It enabled to test the influence of the invertebrate community on the NO3- removal rates with and without pesticides during the Inbioprocess project. The results implied the influence of invertebrate and microbial cross-community interactions on NO3- removal rates, which was higher with invertebrate communities in the sediments (11.8 ± 1.2) than without (7.7 ± 1.4 mg N.l-1.d-1). These findings suggested a top-down control of invertebrates on the microbial activities. These interactions were also depicted at the source of the recovery of the NO3- removal capacity when facing stressful conditions due to addition of pesticide in the experimental water. These laboratory findings highlighted the importance of multi-trophic level interactions in the hyporheic habitat, with probable implication of the more resistant species in the resilience capacity of this system. The occurrence of the top-down linkage was then explored in in situ habitats. The NO3- removal rates measured at the reach scale in 9 European streams during the STREAMES project ranged from 0.04 to 10.75 with an average of 1.64 ± 2.39 mg NO3--N m-2.min-1 (Mean ± SE). The results suggested that not only physico-chemical and hydrological factors, but also macro-invertebrate assemblages may influence nitrate removal. Some functional groups positively correlated with nitrate reduction were biofilm grazers and interstitial organisms associated with macro-porous substrate. In the hyporheic water of Monbequi meander of the Garonne river, the positive correlation between invertebrate diversity and the potential denitrification rates was only visible during the autumn season, suggesting a potential "hot moment" for the observation of this correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in fields
David, Marine. "Influence des apports d'eaux souterraines sur le fonctionnement hydrologique et biogéochimique des lagunes méditerranéennes : cas de la lagune de l'Or." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG039.
Full textAt the interface between the continent and the sea, Mediterranean lagoons are vulnerable to excessive nutrient inputs from anthropogenic activities, causing eutrophication of the water bodies. Even management actions have been implemented on the watershed to reduce nutrient fluxes to the coastal zone, some lagoons remain in a bad ecological status according to the Water Frame Directive, highlighting the need for improving our understanding of the land-sea continuum. On the Mediterranean coast, little is known on groundwater inputs, their associated nutrient fluxes and their impact on lagoons in a bad ecological status. The aim of this PhD thesis was to improve our understanding of two main hydrological processes associated with groundwater: 1) continental groundwater inputs, as a new nutrient source to the lagoon from the adjacent aquifers and 2) pore water recirculation, driving nutrient from sediments to the water column through advective water flow, as a regenerated nutrient source. Or lagoon, whose bad ecological status has not improved over the last decade despite management actions, was chosen as a study site. Investigations the watershed revealed that important loads of nitrogen, originating from continental groundwater, was discharged to the lagoon through the streams. Experiments on lagoon sediments suggested that the muddy characteristics of Or lagoon induced low pore water recirculation fluxes. Hence, the majority of groundwater inputs to Or lagoon occurs through the streams from the continental aquifer. An annual nutrient budget enabled to conclude that given the importance of two main contributors (canalette and Rhône to Sète canal), groundwater inputs are not the major nutrient source to Or lagoon. The work carried out in this lagoon in a bad ecological status contributes to improving our understanding of nutrient fluxes on the land-sea continuum, in order to prioritize actions to be implemented to reach a good ecological status on Mediterranean lagoons
Lequy, Emeline. "Dépôts atmosphériques particulaires sur les écosystèmes forestiers de la moitié Nord de la France : influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0277/document.
Full textQuantifying the little-known inputs of atmospheric particulate deposition (APD) is critically important for a sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Indeed, harvesting and subsequent nutrient losses are going to increase so as to meet the demand in renewable energy, including fuel-wood. This work aims at filling this gap by (i) describing the deposition rate, mineralogical and chemical compositions of APD and (ii) evaluating the influence of APD nutrient inputs on forest biogeochemical cycles. To do so, 4 beech stands in North French forests were equipped for a 4-week sampling. After a metrological development, samplers out of and below canopy were used for a 2-year sampling, as well as methods to separate APD from atmospheric dissolved deposition. These methods were conceived to separate the organic and mineral fractions of APD according to the conceptual model designed in this work. My results validated this model and indicated (i) a quite constant deposition rate of 19±3 kg.ha-1.year-1 of hardly soluble minerals over the North of France, made of various minerals suggesting heterogeneous sources of particles, (ii) nutrient inputs inferior to those of atmospheric dissolved deposition and soil weathering, but improving ecosystem fertility, (iii) an interception effect of the canopy, and (iv) the dissolution of mineral particles in the atmosphere which enriched atmospheric dissolved deposition in nutrients. Extending and optimizing the sampling would allow confirming and clarifying these results, especially concerning high atmospheric load periods and APD below canopy
Sauvey, Aurore. "Variabilité interspécifique et intraspécifique des indices physiologiques chez les diatomées toxiques du genre Pseudo-nitzschia : influence du cycle de vie." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC266/document.
Full textIn the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, some species produce a neurotoxin called domoic acid responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans following the consumption of contaminated molluscs. In the Bay of Seine (English Channel), the variability of bloom toxicity is linked to differences in the Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the ecophysiological diversity within the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in order to better understand the physiological parameters influencing differences in toxicity and bloom phenology among the main Pseudo-nitzschia species of the Bay of Seine. Growth, domoic acid production, elemental intracellular quotas, photosynthetic parameters and kinetic parameters for nitrate, phosphate, and silicic acid uptake were studied in four Pseudo-nitzschia species: P. australis, P. pungens, P. fraudulenta et P. delicatissima. The intraspecific variability was characterized with a multi-strain approach and also considering the effect of cell size on the studied physiological parameters. The results highlight the importance of the intraspecific variability in the physiology of the four species, in part due to cell size reduction linked to Pseudo-nitzschia life cycle. Delineate the intraspecific diversity allowed to characterize different physiological traits for each species. This work brings new information on the physiological conditions favorable to domoic acid production and on the role of nutrients in controlling Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity during blooms
Harrault, Loïc. "Influence de la structure des réseaux trophiques lacustres et des apports de matière organique sur la composition biochimique des compartiments biotiques et sur la biodégradabilité de la matière organique sédimentée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831080.
Full textBuchon, Laurent. "Influence de la température sur la physiologie de la croissance et la production d'enzymes exocellulaires chez des bactéries adaptées aux basses températures." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES046.
Full textAchi, Taous. "Utilisation nutritionnelle de la feve, de la lentille et du pois chiche chez le rat en croissance : influence de la flore intestinale sur la digestion azotee dans le gros intestin." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D208.
Full textBenchabane, Samir. "Production de microcapsules de phytase par atomisation: influence sur la disponibilité des nutriments chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) /." 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1075706801&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textGoyette, Jean-Olivier. "Influence des flux anthropiques de nutriments et des caractéristiques du territoire sur la qualité de l'eau : une perspective historique du bassin du Saint-Laurent." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20778.
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