Academic literature on the topic 'Nutrient'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nutrient"
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Comerford, N. B., W. P. Cropper, Jr., Hua Li, P. J. Smethurst, K. C. J. Van Rees, E. J. Jokela, H. Adégbidi, and N. F. Barros. "Soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND): A general nutrient uptake model and an example of its application to forest management." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-112.
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Models of soil nutrient bioavailability and uptake assist in nutrient management and lead to a better understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant system. SSAND (Soil Supply and Nutrient Demand) is a steady state, mechanistic nutrient uptake simulation model based on mass flow and diffusive supply of nutrients to roots. It requires user inputs for soil and plant parameters to calculate a nutrient’s concentration at the root surface and the subsequent uptake by a plant root and/or extrametrical mycorrhizal hyphae. It can be considered a sub-model linked to hydrological or plant growth models. SSAND provides a basis for simulating nutrient uptake under different soil-plant scenarios, including multiple soil compartments, net mineralization inputs, changing root growth, changing mycorrhizal hyphae growth, changing soil water content and multiple fertilizer events. It incorporates uptake from roots and mycorrhizal hyphae, including the potential competition between these entities. It should be useful for simulating the effects of climate change on soil nutrient bioavailability. It should also be a useful tool for managers in evaluating fertilizer regime options. Key words: Nutrient bioavailability, nutrient uptake modeling, phosphorus uptake, mycorrhizae, Spodosols, climate change
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Anderson, Wendy B., and William G. Eickmeier. "Nutrient resorption in Claytonia virginica L.: implications for deciduous forest nutrient cycling." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-056.
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According to the vernal dam hypothesis, spring ephemeral herbs temporarily sequester large nutrient pools in deciduous forests prior to canopy closure and return the nutrients to the soil following senescence of aboveground tissues. However, many species resorb nutrients from their leaves back to belowground tissues during senescence, and the degree of resorption is often associated with soil nutrient availability. Species that store large proportions of their absorbed nutrients between years are not participating in the temporary sequestering and rapid recycling of nutrients implied by the vernal dam. We investigated the extent to which Claytonia virginica L. sequestered and returned nutrients to the soil in response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. We tested the effect of nutrient availability on nutrient use efficiency, resorption efficiency, and resorption proficiency (% nutrient in senescent leaves) of Claytonia. Nutrient additions significantly decreased N but not P use efficiency of Claytonia, particularly as the growing season progressed. Nutrient additions also significantly reduced N resorption efficiency from 80 to 47% and decreased P resorption efficiency from 86 to 56%. N and P resorption proficiencies were also significantly lower in senesced leaves of fertilized plants: N concentrations were 2.33% when unfertilized and 4.13% when fertilized, while P concentrations were 0.43% when unfertilized versus 0.57% when fertilized. When unfertilized, Claytonia was more efficient at resorption compared with other spring herbs, but similar to other species when fertilized. However, Claytonia was much less proficient in resorbing nutrients than other reported plants, because senescent tissues maintained substantially higher concentrations of N and P, particularly when fertilized. In conclusion, Claytonia, an important spring ephemeral species, exhibits physiological responses that emphasize its role in the vernal dam by its temporary sequestration and substantial, rapid return of nutrients in deciduous forests. Adding nutrients to the site increases the total mass and the relative proportion of nutrients that Claytonia returns to the soil rather than sequestering between seasons, which ultimately increases nutrient recycling rates within the entire system.Key words: Claytonia virginica, nutrient response, resorption efficiency, nutrient cycling, spring ephemerals, vernal dam.
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Meirinawati, Hanny, and A'an Johan Wahyudi. "Deepening Knowledge of Nutrient Dynamics in Coastal Waters." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 39, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.747.
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Nutrients are important compounds in waterbodies that regulate primary productivity and phytoplankton growth, the basis of food webs. Increased nutrient concentration has become a serious concern because it causes eutrophication and threatens the sustainability of ecosystems. Eutrophication is the process of nutrient enrichment in water bodies that affects their productivity and decreases water quality. Although information about nutrient distribution, limiting nutrients, and nutrient budgets is important for coastal water management, studies of wide-scale nutrient dynamics in Indonesian waters remain limited. To provide comprehensive data on nutrients, this review summarized the concentrations and compositions of nutrients in coastal waters, compared the limiting nutrients in various coastal waters based on the Redfield ratio, and described the factors affecting nutrient budgets using the database in ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Curation was performed to summarize the nutrient dynamics in coastal waters. Results showed that nutrient concentration differed in each region due to many factors. Anthropogenic inputs greatly affected nutrients in tropical areas, such as Jakarta Bay (Indonesia). Understanding the quality and characteristics of water can help in managing waterbodies. This study provided knowledge related to nutrient dynamics in Indonesian waters and global biogeochemistry.
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Turner, John, and Marcia J. Lambert. "Analysis of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in Eucalyptus pilularis forests." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 7 (2014): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14162.
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Alternative indices to use for nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, using 17 Eucalyptus pilularis forest sites to test the hypothesis that NUE increases with decreasing nutrient availability. Reported indices represent different measures of nutrient use, including (1) efficiency of acquisition from soil, (2) quantities required for organic matter production, (3) organic matter production related to uptake, (4) ability to internally retranslocate nutrients and (5) physiological requirement of nutrients. Some indices are highly correlated but the highest correlations were according to age. Phosphorus, the main growth-limiting nutrient, on average, produced 6.5 and 10.9 t of organic matter per kilogram of phosphorus required and taken up from soil, respectively. Comparable estimates were made for other nutrients. NUEs of mobile nutrients increased with decreases in nutrient availability and this supported the hypotheses when age was taken into account. The NUEs of one nutrient are not independent of other nutrients. The inverse of foliage nutrient concentration is a valuable low-cost index of nutrient utilisation and correlates with net primary production/nutrient requirement, and is related to age. Resorption of nutrients, comparing new and abscised tissue, was of low value, but abscised-tissue nutrient correlations are related to a lower benchmark and are of value. The use of selected NUE indices for species comparison was discussed.
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Bagale, Suman. "Nutrient Management for Soybean Crops." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3304634.
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Soybean is one of the most important pulse crops in the world which supplies most of the protein and oil requirements. The efficient production of soybean crops is a constraint, with several biotic factors, abiotic factors, and crop management practices. Nutrient management is one of the important aspects for achieving higher production of crops. Effective nutrient management helps to assure the required nutrients needed for the plant without causing a significant decrease in the yield of crops. In addition to this, managing the nutrient efficiently helps the crop to cope with several types of biotic and abiotic stress. For soybean crop, altogether fifteen nutrients are needed, which comprises six macronutrients, namely, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which are required relatively in large amounts, and nine micronutrients which include iron, boron, zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and chlorine. These nutrients can be supplied to the plants through soil incorporation or foliar spray of commercially available fertilizers. Nutrient requirements for soybean crops vary in concentration, and deviations can cause nutrient deficiency or toxicity in soybean crops. Nutrient availability to soybean crops depends on the available nutrients in the soil solution, the form of available soil nutrients, mode of uptake of nutrients, its interaction with other soil nutrients, soil chemistry, and method of fertilizer application. This review article explores essential nutrients for sustainable soybean production in relation to the role and functions of nutrients, required concentration, and visual syndrome shown during deficiency, including findings from several researches. The review article is aimed to guide soybean farmers for effective nutrient management and academicians in reviewing the literature in soybean nutrient management.
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Yan, Jing, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. "Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone." Biogeosciences 17, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020.
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Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
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Nóra Bákonyi. "The effect of apoplastic pH on the nutrient uptake." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2568.
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The pH of soil and rhizosphare –around the roots- determine the mobility and solubility of nutrients. The exudates organic acids of plant able to modify the pH, as well as the microorganisms also take part in mobilization of nutrients. The nutrient solve mostly in mildly acidic and neutral pH. The either assumption of utilization of nutrients is the uptake by roots and of course uptake to the cells to take part in metabolism. The pH of apoplast fluid determines the solubility and uptake of nutrients to the cells.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nutrient solution and apoplastic pH together with a bacteria based biofertiliser (Phylazonit MC®) on nutrient uptake and pH of apoplast fluid in case of nutrient solution grown plants in laboratory experiment. According to my results, the bicarbonate increased the pH of nutrient solution in due to influence the solubility and uptake of nutrients. The given bicarbonate to the nutrient solution and infiltrated into the apoplazma also modified the pH of the apoplast fluid of the test plants. The effect of bicarbonate and biofertilizer were different on the pH of the apoplast fluid and nutrient solution in nutrient solution experiment.
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Thomson, V. P., and M. R. Leishman. "Survival of native plants of Hawkesbury Sandstone communities with additional nutrients: effect of plant age and habitat." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03047.
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Australian soils are naturally low in nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Native plants are well adapted to low-nutrient soils, and can be adversely affected when exposed to higher concentrations of nutrients. The Hawkesbury Sandstone soils in northern Sydney are naturally low in nutrients, but often receive additional nutrient input from urban stormwater run-off. Increases in soil nutrients in urban bushland are associated with the presence of exotic species, and the decline in the diversity of native species. This study tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of nutrients, in particular P, in the disturbed soils of urban bushland, reduce survival of native plants. We examined the survival of native species under five different nutrient concentrations that are typical of nutrient-enriched urban bushland soil, in two glasshouse experiments. The experiments examined both survival of seedlings and survival of 6-month-old plants. We used native species that are adapted to both nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soils. In general, the survival of native plants decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations. At soil total-P concentrations >200 mg kg–1, most plants died. Seedlings were more sensitive to added nutrients than the 6-month-old plants. Species that were from higher-nutrient soil had consistently higher survival than species from low-nutrient soils, under the nutrient addition treatments. These results suggest that at high soil nutrient concentrations typical of stormwater-affected urban bushland, native plant species of low-nutrient soils will be unable to survive. If ecological restoration works are to be done in such areas, replanting with more mature plants from naturally high-nutrient habitats is likely to be the most successful. However, restoration of these areas may have limited success and they are likely to remain dominated by exotic plant species.
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Mattson, Neil S., and Marc W. van Iersel. "Application of the “4R” Nutrient Stewardship Concept to Horticultural Crops: Applying Nutrients at the “Right Time”." HortTechnology 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.6.667.
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The 4R nutrient stewardship framework presents four concepts to consider when applying fertilizers in a responsible matter; the “right source” of nutrients should be applied at the “right rate” during the “right time” and supplied to the “right place” to ensure their uptake. In this article, we provide ideas to consider when attempting to provide nutrients at the right time. When nutrients are applied at a time when they are not required by the plant, the result can be economic and environmental losses. Oversupply relative to plant demand can result in losses of applied nutrients because of leaching or volatilization. Undersupply relative to demand, especially in the case of phloem-immobile nutrients, may limit plant growth and yield. Several factors interact to affect plant nutrient demand such as growth stage, life history (annual vs. perennial), environmental conditions, and plant health. Techniques such as soil and tissue testing, isotopic labeling, and spectral reflectance have been used with varying degrees of success and expense to measure plant nutrient demand and guide fertilizer decisions. Besides knowledge of plant nutrient demand, efficient nutrient supply also depends on systems that allow precise spatial and temporal delivery of nutrients. Future improvements to the timing of nutrient delivery will depend on improvement in knowledge of plant nutrient demands. For example, targeted gene expression chips show promise for use in rapidly assessing plant status for a broad suite of nutrients. Future developments that allow more precise nutrient delivery or more robust agroecosystems that scavenge available nutrients before they are lost to the environment will also help producers use nutrients more efficiently.
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Havlin, John, and Ron Heiniger. "Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091349.
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Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nutrient"
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Henderson, Courtney Francis Keith. "The Chemical and Biological Mechanisms of Nutrient Removal from Stormwater in Bioretention Systems." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366977.
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High concentrations of dissolved nutrients in stormwater have been identified as contributing to eutrophication of receiving waterways near urban areas. To reduce dissolved nutrient concentrations in stormwater a range of devices such as wetlands and bioretention systems are used. Bioretention systems are increasingly employed for their supposedly high nutrient removal capacity, however very little is known about their treatment efficiency or the chemical and biological mechanisms controlling their function. This research aimed firstly to test and compare the efficiency of different bioretention system designs for the removal of dissolved nutrients from stormwater, and secondly to investigate the chemical and biological mechanisms responsible for the nutrient removal (sorption, microbial uptake, and plant uptake).
Bioretention mesocosms were built in plastic containers (1 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m). Three different media treatments were built, representing those most commonly used:
gravel, fine sand and loamy-sand. To assess the nutrient removal capacity of plants, vegetated and unvegetated examples of each media type were made. The mesocosms were regularly irrigated with tap water for six months, and then regularly irrigated with synthetic stormwater for a further six months to ensure that the treatment performance assessed would represent fully established systems. The synthetic stormwater solution was based on field measurements of stormwater, and was made using a combination of inorganic chemicals and organic fertilisers. By incorporating organic carbon and major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K), the measured treatment performance of the biofilters would be more realistic than previous studies that did not corporate these compounds. Some mesocosms were watered only with tap water so that the effect of frequent fertilisation (enrichment) could be compared. It was expected that vegetated media would enhance nutrient removal directly through plant uptake, and indirectly by stimulating microbial productivity and microbial uptake in the rhizosphere.
Nutrient removal was evaluated by comparing the influent to the effluent. Detention times of 24 and 72 hours were compared to test if longer contact periods resulted in greater nutrient removal. The mesocosms were also flushed with tap water (no nutrients) to determine the proportion of entrained nutrients that might subsequently leach from the media. Vegetated bioretention mesocosms were much more efficient than unvegetated systems at removing total nitrogen (63 – 77 % removal compared to -12 – 25 %) and total phosphorus (85 – 94 % removal compared to 31 – 90 %). The vegetation effect did not improve dissolved organic carbon removal but there was a difference between soil types, with smaller particle size media removing more organic carbon. Enriched mesocosms removed similar quantities of nutrients to non-enriched mesocosms. Extending the detention time from 24 hours to 72 hours slightly increased the removal of total nitrogen from the vegetated mesocosms, but reduced total nitrogen removal from unvegetated mesocosms. When flushed with tap water, inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus leached from the unvegetated mesocosms, but were mostly retained within the vegetated mesocosms...Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Cromwell, Diane. "Pancreatic beta-cell actions of nutrients and metabolizable nutrient ester derivatives." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494335.
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Heeley, Nicholas John. "Hypothalamic nutrient sensing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271628.
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Nutrient sensing neurons are unique in coupling changes in the concentration of nutrients to changes in neuronal activity. These neurons typically exist in regions of the brain where the blood brain barrier is fenestrated, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Glucose and leucine are nutrients known to be sensed by neurons in this brain region, but the mechanisms by which they are sensed, and cells that sense them require further study. Using calcium imaging of adult neuron cultures from the mouse mediobasal hypothalamus, I demonstrated that leucine bidirectionally regulates neuronal activity in a neurochemically heterogeneous population of neurons, including AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons. Using pharmacological tools, I demonstrated, unexpectedly, that this acute sensing is independent of mTOR and leucine metabolism, known pathways involved in leucine sensing in vivo. Leucine sensing is LAT1 independent. The response principally relies on calcium entry into the cell across the plasma membrane, but IP3 sensitive calcium stores play a role in neurons inhibited by leucine. Using phosphoTRAP and single cell RNA sequencing, I aimed to identify a molecular marker for leucine sensing cells to allow their manipulation in vivo. PhosphoTRAP, and subsequent pharmacological studies identified a T Type calcium channel may be a marker for leucine sensing cells. AgRP neurons are essential for feeding, and also play roles in controlling glucose homeostasis. Using chemogenetics to selectively activate these neurons, I demonstrated, in contrast to a similar, recently published study, that blood glucose concentrations did not rise upon activation of these neurons. A subpopulation of AgRP neurons express glucokinase, and some AgRP neurons are glucose inhibited, but the role of glucokinase in these neurons has not been characterised. Our lab generated an AgRP neuron specific glucokinase knock out mouse line. Preliminary results suggest 18 – 25 week old female AgRP glucokinase knock out mice may have altered glucose tolerance, but conclusions can only be drawn once further mice have been phenotyped, and the success of the glucokinase knock out from AgRP neurons has been confirmed.
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Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti [UNESP]. "Crescimento, produtividade, acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes em cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86341.
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A cultura da batata tem grande importância para o Brasil e para o Estado de São Paulo. Porém, apesar de sua importância, falta maiores informações sobre a fisiologia e nutrição mineral desta cultura, limitando a obtenção de elevadas produtividades, com alta qualidade e baixo custo de produção, já que as peculiaridades de cada cultivar podem fazer grande diferença no manejo. Além disso, as doses de fertilizantes normalmente utilizadas na cultura da batata são elevadas, o que gera grande impacto no custo de produção e riscos ambientais. Assim, para obtenção da máxima eficiência produtiva, faz-se necessário o conhecimento do desenvolvimento da planta e da absorção e acumulação de nutrientes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, acúmulo de nutrientes durante o ciclo, produtividade de tubérculos e exportação de nutrientes em cinco cultivares de batata. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas cultivares (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies e Mondial) e as subparcelas por épocas de coletas de plantas, que foram realizadas a cada 7 dias após a emergência até a colheita final. Cada parcela foi constituída por 10 linhas de 10 m de comprimento. Todas as cultivares tiveram crescimento lento até o início da fase de enchimento de tubérculos. Desta época até o final do ciclo ocorreu o desenvolvimento dos tubérculos, com a máxima taxa de acúmulo de MS concentrando-se no início dessa fase. A cultivar Mondial foi mais tardia em acumular MS, apresentando as maiores taxas de crescimento na fase final do ciclo.As cultivares Ágata, Atlantic e Markies apresentam crescimento semelhante durante todo o ciclo, porém...
The potato crop has great economical importance for Brazil and São Paulo State. However, despite its importance, it lacks more information about physiology and mineral nutrition of this crop, limiting to obtain high yield, high quality and low production cost, since the peculiarities of each cultivar can make difference in management. Furthermore, the fertilizers rates commonly used in potato crop are high, which has a strong impact on production costs and environmental risks. To get the maximum production efficiency, it is necessary to understand the development of the plant, uptake and accumulation of nutrients in different stages of the plant development. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, nutrient accumulation, tubers yield and the nutrient exportation in five potato cultivars. The experimental design was the completely randomized block in split-plot with four replications. The plots treatments consisted of potato cultivars (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies and Mondial) and subplots were established by harvest time of plants, were carried out every 7 day after emergence to last harvest. Each plot consisted of 10 lines of 10 m in length. All cultivars showed slow growth until the beginning of the tubers bulking stage. Since this time until the end of the cycle, occurred the tubers development, with maximum dry matter accumulation rate focusing in this initial stage. Mondial cultivar took longer time to accumulate dry matter, presenting the highest growth rates in the final stage of the cycle. Ágata, Atlantic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Thornton, R. C. "Sediment-associated nutrients and their contribution to the nutrient loads of Devon catchments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354030.
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NASCIMENTO, Sandra Maria do. "Distribuição, exportação e ciclagem de nutrientes minerais em Cupiúva (Tapirira guianensis Aubl.), em um fragmento manejado de mata atlântica no município de Goiana - PE." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5114.
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The Atlantic rainforest is one of the richest biomasses of the planet in terms of biodiversity, but has been compromised by considerable anthropogenic action. The present study investigated a managed fragment of the Atlantic rainforest in the city of Goiana, PE, Brazil, on the Megaó farmland, with the aim of evaluating the distribution and exportation of mineral nutrients in Tapirira guianensis Aulb. (cupiúva), a perennial, pioneering halophyte species belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Analysis of the mineral nutrients in the vegetal biomass and litter was carried out at the Mineral Nutrition of Plant Laboratory (Chemistry Department) and the Soil Chemistry Laboratory (Agronomy Department); soil analysis was carried out at the Soil Physics and Soil Fertility Laboratories (Agronomy Department) of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco. Macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) determinations were performed on the leaves, branches, bark and trunk. Pre-dried samples were submitted to nitro-perchloric digestion, with the exception of N, for which sulfuric digestion was performed. Colorimetry was used for the analytic determination of P, whereas turbidimetry was used for S; K was assessed using the flame photometric technique, and the Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. N concentration was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Results were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared through the Tukey test at 5 % probability. The concentration of nutrients in the Tapirira guianensis Aulb. biomass obeyed the following order: leaves>bark>branches>trunk. The distribution of macronutrients in the leaves, bark and branch were distributed in N>Ca>Mg>K>S>P, and in the trunk in N>Ca>S>P>Mg>K. Micronutrients followed the distribution sequence for all arboreal components: Fe>Zn>Mn. The leaves presented a greater accumulation of nutrients, despite their biomass being smaller than the remaining components. Leaf maintenance is therefore important in the management area, thereby ensuring the cycling of nutrients through litter and the adequate maintenance of the management area. The total of exported nutrients was 71 % at the time of the cutting of the tree when the trunk, bark and branches are removed from the site, which could compromise the sustainability of the site.
A mata Atlântica é um dos biomas mais ricos em biodiversidade do planeta, diversidade esta que se encontra comprometida por causa da forte ação antrópica, que entre outros problemas, produz a degradação do solo. O presente trabalho teve como área de estudo um fragmento manejado de mata Atlântica no município de Goiana – PE, na fazenda Megaó. O objetivo foi avaliar a distribuição e exportação de nutrientes minerais em Tapirira guianensis Aulb. (cupiúva), espécie perenifólia, pioneira, e heliófita, pertencente à família Anacardiaceae. As análises dos nutrientes minerais na biomassa vegetal e na serrapilheira foram realizadas no Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas (Departamento de Química) e no Laboratório de Química do Solo (Departamento de Agronomia), e as análises do solo foram realizadas nos Laboratórios de Física do solo e Fertilidade do Solo (Departamento de Agronomia), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. As determinações dos macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) e micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), foram realizadas nas folhas, galhos, casca e fuste. As amostras pré-secas foram submetidas à digestão nitroperclórica, com exceção do N, onde foi feita a digestão sulfúrica. A determinação analítica de P se deu por colorimetria e S por turbidimetria; K, foi avaliado através da técnica de fotometria de chama e os teores de Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn foram determinados pelo método de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os teores de N foram determinados pelo método de Kjeldahl. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. A concentração de nutrientes na biomassa da cupiúva obedeceu a seguinte ordem folhas>casca>galhos>fuste. A distribuição de macronutrientes nas folhas, casca e galho foi distribuídos em N>Ca>Mg>K>S>P e no fuste foi N>Ca>S>P>Mg>K. Os micronutrientes seguiram a seqüência de distribuição para todos os componentes arbóreos Fe>Zn>Mn. As folhas apresentaram maior concentração de nutrientes, apesar de sua biomassa ser menor que os outros componentes, sendo assim importante sua manutenção na área de manejo, garantindo a ciclagem de nutrientes via serrapilheira e a boa manutenção da área de manejo. O total de nutrientes exportados no momento do corte da árvore, em que são retirados o fuste, a casca e os galhos do sítio, é de 71 %, o que representa uma grande perda no total de nutrientes da área de manejo, e pode comprometer a sustentabilidade do sítio.
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Burdette, Sarah Beth. "Effects of excessive nitrogen deposition on foliar nutrient dynamics, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient ratios in a Central Appalachian hardwood forest." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=78.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 52 p. with maps and illustrations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).
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Barthelemy, Hélène. "Herbivores influence nutrient cycling and plant nutrient uptake : insights from tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120191.
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Reindeer appear to have strong positive effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling in strongly nutrient-limited ecosystems. While the direct effects of grazing on vegetation composition have been intensively studied, much less is known about the indirect effect of grazing on plant-soil interactions. This thesis investigated the indirect effects of ungulate grazing on arctic plant communities via soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake. At high density, the deposition of dung alone increased plant productivity both in nutrient rich and nutrient poor tundra habitats without causing major changes in soil possesses. Plant community responses to dung addition was slow, with a delay of at least some years. By contrast, a 15N-urea tracer study revealed that nutrients from reindeer urine could be rapidly incorporated into arctic plant tissues. Soil and microbial N pools only sequestered small proportions of the tracer. This thesis therefore suggests a strong effect of dung and urine on plant productivity by directly providing nutrient-rich resources, rather than by stimulating soil microbial activities, N mineralization and ultimately increasing soil nutrient availability. Further, defoliation alone did not induce compensatory growth, but resulted in plants with higher nutrient contents. This grazing-induced increase in plant quality could drive the high N cycling in arctic secondary grasslands by providing litter of a better quality to the belowground system and thus increase organic matter decomposition and enhance soil nutrient availability. Finally, a 15N natural abundance study revealed that intense reindeer grazing influences how plants are taking up their nutrients and thus decreased plant N partitioning among coexisting plant species. Taken together these results demonstrate the central role of dung and urine and grazing-induced changes in plant quality for plant productivity. Soil nutrient concentrations alone do not reveal nutrient availability for plants since reindeer have a strong influence on how plants are taking up their nutrients. This thesis highlights that both direct and indirect effects of reindeer grazing are strong determinants of tundra ecosystem functioning. Therefore, their complex influence on the aboveground and belowground linkages should be integrated in future work on tundra ecosystem N dynamic.
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Diaz, Hector Luis. "COORDINATION OF NUTRIENT SENSING, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, AND CELL GROWTH IN RUMEN PROTOZOA." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345571314.
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Satha, Ganarupan. "Nutrient Driven Topology Optimization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70785.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how a biological structure changes its shape and boundary under different cases of load if flow of nutrients is included, since nutrient flow has not been taken into account in previous studies. In order to simulate such a scenario we construct a model by using topology optimization (the SIMP model) and a balance law which is suitable for biological structures. Moreover, the model is derived by using an analogy with the dissipation inequality and Coleman-Noll’s procedure. The model can be interpreted as bone or some other biological structure, where the growth and remodeling partly occurs due to nutrient flow. The theory is first investigated by selecting an MBB beam with a special boundary condition for the nutrient concentration and inflow of nutrients, and then with a bone-like model. For the analysis with different loads we have observed that the structure becomes thicker were the load is applied. Parameters like beta (β) (reflecting the relation between nutrients and material) and nutrient concentration (c) seem to play an important role in nutrient transport and building of the structure. The result for larger values of β and nutrient concentration (c) gives a thicker structure in the entire domain. We also made an assumption of Fick’s law of diffusion. Fick’s law of diffusion describes the flux from high concentration to low concentration. This phenomenon is observed in analysis with different nutrient concentrations (c): we can see that the structure tends to be built up where the concentration is high and continues to be built in the direction from high to low concentration. In analyses with mu-value (μ), which represents cost of material, the result gives a thinner structure for larger values of μ.
Books on the topic "Nutrient"
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Thomas, Fairhurst, and International Rice Research Institute, eds. Rice: Nutrient disorders & nutrient management. Singapore: Potash & Phosphate Institute, East & Southeast Asia Programs, 2000.
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Nijland, G. O. The relation between crop yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient surplus and nutrient application. Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University, 1997.
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Nutrient metabolism. London: Academic Press, 2003.
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E, Bodwell C., Erdman John W, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Union of Food Science and Technology., eds. Nutrient interactions. New York: M. Dekker, 1988.
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Bioavailability 88 - Chemical and Biological Aspects of Nutrient Availability. (1988 Norwich, England). Nutrient availability. London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1989.
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Ae, Noriharu, Joji Arihara, Kensuke Okada, and Ancha Srinivasan, eds. Plant Nutrient Acquisition. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66902-9.
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Basu, T. K. Drug∼Nutrient Interactions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7081-9.
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Andersen, Tom. Pelagic Nutrient Cycles. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03418-7.
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Drug-nutrient interactions. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
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Anne, Meckling Kelly, ed. Nutrient-drug interactions. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nutrient"
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Collinson, A. S. "Nutrients and nutrient cycles." In Introduction to World Vegetation, 84–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3935-7_4.
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Clausen, Torben, José Luis Trejo, Mark P. Mattson, Alexis M. Stranahan, Joanna Erion, Rosa Maria Bruno, Stefano Taddei, and Melinda M. Manore. "Nutrient." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 648. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2773.
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Miyata, Kana, and Mikihisa Umehara. "Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Essential Nutrient Acquisition Under Nutrient Deficiency in Plants." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants, 123–48. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8220-2_6.
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AbstractPlants absorb mineral nutrients for growth and development from the soil though their roots; nutrient acquisition is therefore limited by their root area. To improve it, especially in nutrient-poor conditions, many plant species depend on symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which provide essential nutrients obtained through the network of hyphae to the host plants. When nitrogen, phosphate, or sulfur is deficient, plants produce strigolactones, key signaling molecules, to initiate the interaction with AM fungi. Here, first, we introduce the diversity of AM fungi and their host plants. Second, we summarize the structural features of the symbiotic interaction. Third, we describe strigolactone biosynthesis and the symbiosis signaling pathway. Finally, we describe nutrient exchange system between AM fungi and host plants. Overall, we focus on the roles of AM symbiosis for nutrient acquisition in plants and detail the mechanisms. Understanding how plants adapt to their environment in response to deficiency of mineral nutrients could help to improve sustainable agricultural processes, because the use of AM fungi enables crop production in nutrient-poor environments and allows use of pesticides and fertilizers to be reduced.
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Eck, Mathilde, Oliver Körner, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Nutrient Cycling in Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 231–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_9.
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AbstractIn aquaponics, nutrients originate mainly from the fish feed and water inputs in the system. A substantial part of the feed is ingested by the fish and either used for growth and metabolism or excreted as soluble and solid faeces, while the rest of any uneaten feed decays in the tanks. While the soluble excretions are readily available for the plants, the solid faeces need to be mineralised by microorganisms in order for its nutrient content to be available for plant uptake. It is thus more challenging to control the available nutrient concentrations in aquaponics than in hydroponics. Furthermore, many factors, amongst others pH, temperature and light intensity, influence the nutrient availability and plant uptake. Until today, most studies have focused on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. However, to ensure good crop yields, it is necessary to provide the plants with sufficient levels of all key nutrients. It is therefore essential to better understand and control nutrient cycles in aquaponics.
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Mitra, Sisir. "Plant nutrition and irrigation." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 148–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0007.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on plant nutrition and irrigation in guava production. Information is given on soil, salinity, nutrient uptake, role of nutrients, fertilizer rate and time of application, foliar application, integrated nutrient management, tissue analysis, organic production, water management, and fertigation.
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"Nutrient–Nutrient Interactions." In Handbook of Nutrition and Food, 239–44. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008890-16.
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Berdanier, Carolyn. "Nutrient–Nutrient Interactions." In Handbook of Nutrition and Food, Second Edition, 221–26. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008890.ch11.
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Ali Al Meselmani, Moaed. "Nutrient Solution for Hydroponics." In Soilless Culture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101604.
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Hydroponics is a profitable, sustainable agricultural method and environmental friendly technology for growing plants without soil. It is the fastest-growing agriculture sector, rapidly gaining momentum and popularity, and could dominate food production in the future. Nutrient solution and its management are the cornerstone of a successful hydroponic system and are the most important determinant of crop production and quality, which is largely dependent on the extent to which plant nutrients are acquired from the nutrient solution. All nutrients in the solution in balanced ratio are supplied directly to the plants and the composition of the solution must reflect the uptake ratio of individual elements by the crop. A balanced supply of nutrients is a prerequisite for the efficient use of resources, and stabilization of the solution pH, electrical conductivity, O2 level, and temperature is essential for optimum crop yield in hydroponic systems. In this chapter, the composition of the nutrient solution, nutrient availability which is affected by many factors, and the management of the nutrient solution are discussed.
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"Plant Nutrients and Nutrient Utilization." In Agricultural Production, 129–48. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294514-9.
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Yousuf, Sufiara, Nafiaah Naqash, and Rahul Singh. "Nutrient Cycling: An Approach for Environmental Sustainability." In Environmental Microbiology: Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Applications, 77–104. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089584122010007.
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Nutrient cycling is an important environmental process and has been the focus of ecological research. Nutrient cycling refers to the sufficient supply of key elements provided through the ecological processes within and between various biotic or abiotic components of a cell, community, or ecosystem. Nutrient cycling also includes the recovery and reuse of industrial, agricultural, and municipal organic debris that are considered wastes. Nutrient cycles include biotic and abiotic components involved in biological, geological, and chemical processes known as biogeochemical cycles. Changes occurring in such cycles may indicate or even alter the functioning of the ecosystem. Plants take up soil nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems for healthy growth and development, wherein soil acts as a nutrient reservoir. Nutrients are lost from such sites due to soil erosion, denitrification, and food production, which cause reduced availability of nutrients. Therefore, analyzing nutrients’ assimilation, transport through biota, and their release for subsequent re-assimilation is mandatory. Nutrients to be recycled essentially for the survival of organisms include macronutrients (C, O, H, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, S, and Cl) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn, Bo, Ni, Co, Na, Se, and I). This chapter presents the role of nutrients and nutrient cycling for environmental sustainability
Conference papers on the topic "Nutrient"
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Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada, and Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b938251aa95.85691438.
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Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
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Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada, and Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316623b72.
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Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
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"Performance analysis of chicken manure coated slow-release urea fertilizer (CM-CSRUF)." In Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902516-11.
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Abstract. Slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) are developed, to halt the nutrient loss to the environment, either by coating the urea or by infusing the urea in a hydrophobic material. SRFs reduces the nutrient release to that point where a single application of fertilizer can meet the nutrient demand of the plants. Diverse range of materials have already been utilized to produce SRFs, however several disadvantages such hydrophilicity, non-biodegradability and crystallinity limit their scale up. Herein, we reported the production of coating of urea using chicken manure with paraffin wax as a binder. Nitrogen release test of the coated urea revealed that only 11.8% of total nutrients were released in first 12 h whereas uncoated urea released ≥99.9 % nutrients. Ritger-Peppas model was found to best fit the nutrient release kinetic data with an R2 value of 0.97.
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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell, and Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93dfde6248.02952871.
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Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell, and Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431754b7a5.
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Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Huang, Chun-Yuh, and Wei Yong Gu. "Effects of Compression on Distributions of Oxygen and Lactate in Intervertebral Disc." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176025.
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Since the intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular cartilaginous structure in the human body, poor nutrient supply has been suggested as a potential mechanism for disc degeneration. The previous theoretical studies have shown that the distributions of nutrients and metabolites (e.g., oxygen, glucose, and lactate) within the IVD depended on tissue diffusivities, nutrient supply, cellular metabolic rates, and coupling effects between nutrient and metabolite [1,2]. Our recent theoretical study suggested that dynamic compression can promote transport of neutral solute in the anisotropic cartilaginous tissue by enhancing both diffusive and convective solute fluxes [3]. However, the effect of compression on distributions of nutrients and metabolites in the IVD has not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of compression on distributions of oxygen and lactate in the IVD under static and dynamic unconfined compression using a new formulation of the triphasic theory.
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Zhang, Ning, and Weihao Wang. "Investigation of Water pH in Calcasieu Lake Area Using Regional Scale Hydrodynamic Models." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69208.
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In Southwest Louisiana, the Calcasieu Lake and surrounding water systems are the major fresh water sources to the nearby coastal wetlands and agricultural areas. There are two national wide life refuges located in both east and west sides of Calcasieu Lake. Both refuges are covered by coastal wetlands. The health of the wetland vegetation is essential to the wetland losses in the area. One of the major problems related to the health of marshes is the nutrient deficiency. In addition, the surface water system is a possible source for agriculture use that requires sufficient nutrient components in water. Understanding the transport and distribution of various nutrients in the coastal water system is very important to the above-mentioned issues. In this study, a regional scale hydrodynamic model was utilized to simulate the hydrodynamics, salinity transport and sediment transport in this major water system in Southwest Louisiana. The pH distribution in water is a good indication of many nutrient components, such as phosphorous, and is essential to understand the nutrient distributions in the target area. A pH calculation procedure was implemented in the model to determine pH values based on the salinity and other water properties. The model results can be used to indicate the dynamic change of nutrient distributions and the areas of nutrient deficiency.
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Morozova, M. D., S. E. Tshernyshev, R. T.-o. Baghirov, I. B. Babkina, V. P. Modyaeva, K. E. Skriptcova, E. Yu Subbotina, M. V. Shcherbakov, and A. V. Simakova. "PRINCIPLES OF TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES BIOMASS NUTRIENT COMPOSITION DESIGN." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-105.
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The method of providing an invertebrate biomass with particular parameters of a nutrient composition to produce biomass supplied with relatively more nutrients is discussed. An increase in the content of particular nutrients in the biomass of model species Giant African land snail Lissachatina fulica (Férussac, 1821) and the Speckled cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789) was studied via the input of precursor material in the food substrate. A minimal input of vitamins C and B7 to the food substrate resulted in only a slight decrease in the level of protein in biomass of snails from с. 20.4 % to 18.8 % and in cockroaches from c. 8.6 to 8.0 %, but an increase in vitamins B1, B2, B3, B4 and B9 was found in the biomass of snails, and B1, B4 and B9 in cockroaches; the content of liposoluble vitamins A, E, D and K increased significantly in the biomass of cockroaches, but A, E and D increased and K decreased in snails. The content of Se, I, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ca, Na, K and Cl in the biomass of snails and of Fe, Se, Zn, Mn, Mg, P, Ca, Na, K and Cl in cockroaches also increased. It is shown, that food substrate enrichment by precursor material results in nutrient composition changes in the invertebrate biomass.
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Gorbunova, Julia, Julia Gorbunova, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Dmitry Domnin, Dmitry Domnin, Jens Christian Refsgaard, and Jens Christian Refsgaard. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT LOAD ON THE PREGOLYA RIVER BASIN (VISTULA LAGOON CATCHMENT) FROM THE ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94681d1a25.68574351.
Full textAbstract:
The catchment area of the Pregolya River is about 65% of the Vistula Lagoon drainage basin and occupied by Russia and Poland in approximately equal proportions. Nutrient load from the catchment largely controls the eutrophication processes of the lagoon ecosystem. Open statistical data (2011-2014) were used for evaluating the nutrient loads. At present, the nutrient load from the major anthropogenic sources (population, livestock, poultry and crop production) is 53,267 tons N/year and 16,424 tons P/year in the Pregolya River catchment. This results in loads of 23,032 tons N/year and 2,819 tons P/year when the removal of nutrients by the harvest is taken into account. It was found that the load from anthropogenic sources in the Polish part of the catchment higher than in the Russian part by a factor of three times for nitrogen and two times for phosphorus. The reason for this is that Polish territory is relatively more agriculturally developed. In the Kaliningrad Oblast agriculture declined in the 1990-2000's and now about 50% of arable lands are not used, which creates a potential for development. Currently there is a positive trend of the agriculture development and the "Strategy of socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad Oblast until 2020" is expected to increase arable land by 70%, the number of cattle and pigs by factors of 3.5 and 9.5, respectively. This creates a potential for significant increases of the nutrients loading and eutrophication of the Vistula Lagoon. The nutrient load from the anthropogenic sources in the Russian part of the catchment can be compensated greatly by using the manure as organic fertilizer replacing mineral fertiliser, as at present time 40% of available arable land in the Kaliningrad Oblast is sufficient for utilization of all manure originated locally at the maximum fertilization rate recommended by HELCOM. At the same time more than 80% of the wastewater in Kaliningrad Oblast is not sufficiently treated. This poses a great potential for nutrient load reduction. The calculations showed that equipment of Kaliningrad city with the modern treatment facilities will reduce the nutrient load by 1,400 tons N/year and 290 tons P/year.
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Gorbunova, Julia, Julia Gorbunova, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Dmitry Domnin, Dmitry Domnin, Jens Christian Refsgaard, and Jens Christian Refsgaard. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT LOAD ON THE PREGOLYA RIVER BASIN (VISTULA LAGOON CATCHMENT) FROM THE ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316662769.
Full textAbstract:
The catchment area of the Pregolya River is about 65% of the Vistula Lagoon drainage basin and occupied by Russia and Poland in approximately equal proportions. Nutrient load from the catchment largely controls the eutrophication processes of the lagoon ecosystem. Open statistical data (2011-2014) were used for evaluating the nutrient loads. At present, the nutrient load from the major anthropogenic sources (population, livestock, poultry and crop production) is 53,267 tons N/year and 16,424 tons P/year in the Pregolya River catchment. This results in loads of 23,032 tons N/year and 2,819 tons P/year when the removal of nutrients by the harvest is taken into account. It was found that the load from anthropogenic sources in the Polish part of the catchment higher than in the Russian part by a factor of three times for nitrogen and two times for phosphorus. The reason for this is that Polish territory is relatively more agriculturally developed. In the Kaliningrad Oblast agriculture declined in the 1990-2000's and now about 50% of arable lands are not used, which creates a potential for development. Currently there is a positive trend of the agriculture development and the "Strategy of socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad Oblast until 2020" is expected to increase arable land by 70%, the number of cattle and pigs by factors of 3.5 and 9.5, respectively. This creates a potential for significant increases of the nutrients loading and eutrophication of the Vistula Lagoon. The nutrient load from the anthropogenic sources in the Russian part of the catchment can be compensated greatly by using the manure as organic fertilizer replacing mineral fertiliser, as at present time 40% of available arable land in the Kaliningrad Oblast is sufficient for utilization of all manure originated locally at the maximum fertilization rate recommended by HELCOM. At the same time more than 80% of the wastewater in Kaliningrad Oblast is not sufficiently treated. This poses a great potential for nutrient load reduction. The calculations showed that equipment of Kaliningrad city with the modern treatment facilities will reduce the nutrient load by 1,400 tons N/year and 290 tons P/year.
Reports on the topic "Nutrient"
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Theiling, Charles. A review of algal phytoremediation potential to sequester nutrients from eutrophic surface water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47720.
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and coastal hypoxic zones are evidence of cultural nutrient enrichment affecting public health and water supplies, aquatic ecosystem health, and economic well-being in the United States. Recognition of the far-reaching impacts of Midwest agriculture has led to establishing nutrient reduction objectives for surface waters feeding the Gulf of Mexico, Lake Erie, and many smaller water bodies. Municipal nutrient enrichment impacts have been addressed by increasing levels of sewage treatment and waste management through the Clean Water Act era, but HABs rebounded in the 1990s because of non-point source nutrient enrichment. HAB control and treatment includes watershed and waterbody treatments to reduce loading and address outbreaks. Systems to remove nutrients from impaired waters are expensive to build and operate. This review of algal production systems summarizes emerging algal water treatment technologies and considers their potential to effectively sequester nutrients and atmospheric carbon from hundreds of eutrophic reservoirs and DoD wastewater treatment facilities while producing useful biomass feedstock using solar energy. Algal water treatment systems including open ponds, photobioreactors, and algal turf scrubbers® can be used to grow biomass for biofuel, wastewater treatment, and commercial products. This review recommends continuing research on surface water nutrient reduction potential with algal turf scrubber productivity pilot studies, preliminary site design, and biomass utilization investigations.
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Peter A. Pryfogle. Nutrient Cycling Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966178.
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Goatley, Michael, and Kevin Hensler. Urban Nutrient Management Handbook. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/430-350.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Nutrient composition and health benefits. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292833_15.
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Andersen, Daniel S. County-Level Assessment of Manure Nutrient Availability Relative to Crop Nutrient Capacity in Iowa. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1188.
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Larsson, Madeleine, Karin Tonderski, Genevieve Metson, and Nils-Hassan Quttineh. Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants. Linköping University Electronic Press, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report.diva-194234.
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In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
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Cisar, Heather, Frank Reilly, and Jaffray Cox. Nutrient Trading Workshop After Action Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534401.
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Euken, Russ. Corn Silage and Earlage Nutrient Analysis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-554.
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Stephens, Melvin, and Desmond Toohey. Changes in Nutrient Intake at Retirement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24621.
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McLaughlin, S. B., C. T. Garten, and S. D. Wullschleger. Effects of acidic deposition on nutrient uptake, nutrient cycling and growth processes of vegetation in the spruce-fir ecosystem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/451240.
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