Journal articles: 'Nut industry'

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Dyshluk, Lyubov, Lyubov Dyshluk, Stanislav Sukhikh, Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Ivanova, Svetlana Ivanova, Irina Smirnova, et al. "Prospects for using pine nut products in the dairy industry." Foods and Raw Materials 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-264-280.

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Abstract: Functional products are currently attracting a lot of research interest. Modern people’s diet does not satisfy their need for nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and functional products can make it more balanced. In particular, our diet is lacking in protein. This paper discusses the prospects for enriching dairy products with plant protein derived from pine nuts and their products. Pine nut paste, fat-free milk, and oil cake are a valuable source of fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements. The protein, lipid, vitamin, and mineral content of these products makes them suitable for combining with milk. Their water-holding and fat-emulsifying capacities allow their use as stabilizers and emulsifiers. Siberian pine nuts grow wild in the Kemerovo Region, which makes their use as a raw material economically feasible. The article introduces a number of functional dairy products enriched with pine nut products, such as cheese, ice cream, and cottage cheese. Further, it describes the production process and the products’ nutritional value. The chemical composition of new types of dairy products shows that using pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil enriches them with plant proteins, vegetable fats, vitamins as well as macro- and microelements. Replacing dairy raw materials with plants does not reduce the nutritional value of new dairy products. Dairy foods are rich in protein, fat, and minerals. The vitamin content of new dairy products with functional ingredients is similar to that of dairy-based products. Moreover, using functional products (pine nut oil cake, fat-free flour, paste, and oil) enriches new types of dairy products with tocopherols.

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Nogueira Diógenes, Maria José, Fabíola D. E. Oliveira Ramos, Adriana D. E. Alencar Oliveira, and Pedro Coelho Nogueira Diógenes. "Paronychia in cashew nut industry workers." Contact Dermatitis 47, no. 2 (August 2002): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470210_13.x.

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Avanzato, D., A. Vaccaro, and D. Bevilacqua. "A SHORT REVIEW OF NUT INDUSTRY IN EU." Acta Horticulturae, no. 825 (April 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.825.3.

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Kluczkovski, Ariane Mendonça. "Fungal and mycotoxin problems in the nut industry." Current Opinion in Food Science 29 (October 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2019.07.009.

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McConachie, Ian, Nan Ott, and Gail Endres. "Historic Bauple Nut Tree Lost." Queensland Review 19, no. 1 (June 2012): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2012.13.

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In 2010, a tree that is part of Maryborough's history was lost. It was the parent of what has become one of the superior macadamia varieties widely planted in the Australian and international nut industry. This Bauple nut, Queensland nut or macadamia tree was given the name ‘Daddow’ and this is its story.

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Oluwale, Billy Adegbola, Caleb Muyiwa Adelowo, Joel Ocheni, and Matthew Olugbemiga Ilori. "Technological capability building in Nigerian cashew nut processing industry." International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 9, no. 4 (2017): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2017.088960.

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Ocheni, Joel, Matthew Olugbemiga Ilori, Billy Adegbola Oluwale, and Caleb Muyiwa Adelowo. "Technological capability building in Nigerian cashew nut processing industry." International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development 9, no. 4 (2017): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2017.10010041.

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Uaciquete, Americo, and Jacinto Raul Nicurrupo. "Direct Effect of cashew Nut Scarification Associated with Powdery Mildew in the Processing Industry." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 3 (August 12, 2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i3.9881.

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Cashew powdery mildew disease can reduce on field yield by 100% depending on flowers’ susceptibility. Surviving flowers may still produce nuts that are severely damaged. The impact of this, post-harvest, damage to the processing industry is unknown. Therefore the objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of powdery mildew nut scarification on biometric and industrial processing variables: nut size, weight, nut count, outturn, cutting and peeling time and finally analyze the financial implication of the effect. Thus, raw cashew nuts were randomly sampled and categorized in to five disease score levels (treatments). Ten nuts (replicates) were used for each disease category. Length, thickness, width and weight were measured. Furthermore, from each disease level, two sets of nuts were established. One set for nut count and outturn assessment by cutting test. The other set, for steam boiling, cutting, peeling and other processes quantitatively assessed. A completely randomized experimental design was followed for data analysis. The summary effect was assessed as relative loss in percentage to non diseased nuts. The relative maximum loss due to powdery mildew attack was 41.2% for nut length, 42.9% for nut width, 31.3% for nut thickness and 50% for nut weight. The disease severity increased relative nut count (18.9%) and reduced the total percentage of kernels (20.3%), outturn (21.1%), the industrial yield of white wholes (88.1%), amount of peels (27.6%) and the outturn and nut count based projected income by 9.6%. Three disease based nut categories are proposed for processing improvements. Nut scarification effect on kernel deterioration, seed germination and others is under investigation.

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Rietow, David. "A Hard Nut to Crack: Macadamia in Hawaii." HortScience 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1405.

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The macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) was introduced to Kapulena on the Hamakua Coast of Hawaii from Australia in 1881 by William Purvis. The first commercial plantation was established in Oahu but the commercial industry moved to Hawaii, the Big Island. By 1950, the largest producer was the Honakaa Sugar Company with 450 acres (182 ha). The development of new technology, including the selection of cultivars on grafted trees, resulted in an expansion of the industry. The Mauna Loa Company is now the world’s largest grower, processor, and marketer of macadamia nuts with over 10,000 acres (4047 ha). The industry now consists of ≈500 to 600 growers that are connected by ownership or contract to the two largest processor/marketers, Mauna Loa and Mac Farms. The Hawaiian macadamia industry is now relatively static. Crop area peaked in 1990 at 22,600 acres (9146 ha) and then gradually dropped to 17,000 acres (6880 ha) in 2006 where it has remained. In-shell nut production during the same period ranged from a low of 40 million pounds (18,148 t) in this past crop year (2010–11) to a high of 58 million pounds (26,315 t) in 2006–07. Competition among Hawaii, Australia, and Africa is now intense.

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Pereira-Lorenzo, S., B. Díaz-Hernández, and A. Ramos-Cabrer. "CHESTNUT IN SPAIN, FROM NUT AND TIMBER PRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 866 (June 2010): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.866.67.

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Stavtsev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Andrei Nikolaevich Osipov, and Aslan Azmetovich KHashir. "REALIZATION OF THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF THE RUSSIAN NUT GROWING INDUSTRY." Economy, labor, management in agriculture, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/2110-28.

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Witjaksono, Julian, Rusdin, Dahya, Entis Sutisna, Rita Indrasti, Siti Sehat Tan, Chandra Indrawanto, et al. "A REVIEW OF THE SMALLHOLDER CASHEW NUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 4 (August 29, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.4.5.

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Cashew nut production in Indonesia is largely limited to the eastern region. The harvesting time varies according to the production region during the dry season, ranging from July to November. Most cashews are sold in the shells to traders who frequent farmers’ villages. However, the price of cashews in the shell is considerably lower than that of fresh or processed cashew nuts, which are mainly processed by smallholder farmers. Cashews are a potential export commodity because of their high economic value in the global market and as an added value for income generation in the smallholder farming system. This study is a systematic review of the economic impact of the cashew nut home industry focused on Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara as the three largest provinces producing cashew kernels in Indonesia. The metadata suggest that processing cashew nuts is a key element in enhancing farmers’ welfare, particularly for those in eastern regions, which are affected by drought. Four measures were identified to improve the home cashew nut industry sustainability: (1) develop local cashew enterprise processing; (2) facilitate linkages to business and financial institutions; (3) increase income via a farmer’s-group-managed processing unit; and (4) strengthen cooperation between farmer’s groups and companies.

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Wood, Bruce W. "Production Characteristics of the United States Pecan Industry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 4 (July 1993): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.4.538.

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The cyclic, alternate bearing and correlative aspects of U.S. produced pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nuts are characterized. An attempt to forecast production using stepwise autoregressive techniques identified a national level biennial cycle for cultivar (CV) and seedling (SC) class nuts and a novemennial (9 year) cycle for SG class nuts. The intensity of the biennial cycle at the national level has generally been low to moderate over the last 50 years for CV and SG class nuts with no clear time trend being expressed. During the most recent years (1979-1991), national production of CV class nuts has not exhibited pronounced bienniality, whereas that of SG class nuts exhibited a moderate bienniality. The nature of the the irregularity of cycling of U.S. and state production appears to nullify the use of univariate polynomial equations as a practical tool for accurately forecasting nut production. Nut production within individual states was also cyclic, with 2-, 3-, 5, 6-, 10-, 12-, 14-, 15-, and 16-year cycles, depending on state and nut class. The most intense contemporary biennial cycles for CV class nuts were from Oklahoma, South Carolina, and North Carolina, whereas cycling of SG class nuts was most intense in Texas and Oklahoma. Correlations of production within and among states indicated that most interrelationships are relatively weak; however, national production of CV class nuts are highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the production of CV class nuts in Georgia, whereas that of SG class nuts is most correlated with that of Louisiana.

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Hirsch, Naomi, and Louise Ferguson. "Electronic Support of California Cooperative Extension for Fruit and Nut Crops." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 540E—541. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.540e.

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For California pomology, it is ideal to communicate and disseminate information electronically because of its large size and diversity of fruit and nut crops. In support of statewide extension, the Fruit & Nut Research and Information Center's World Wide Web site 9 http://pom44.ucdavis.edu) focuses on providing information and links for temperate, subtropical and tropical fruits and nuts and keeping all interested persons well informed about University of California research and outreach activities. The Internet has been proven ideal for its user friendliness and rapid dissemination of current information. The Center supports this electronic change for growers and industry by collaborative projects with industry and involving Internet education and demonstrations at short courses, symposia, and educational days throughout the state. By this outreach to fruit and nut crop industries, the needs of the growers can be addressed. Also, it is important to address interdisciplinary cooperation and efficiency in the Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension programs, especially in view of the recent reduction in staff and resources. By creating electronic listserv groups for each crop through the Center, extension specialists and farm advisors have the ability for increased communication. A more visible and active focal point —both within and outside the University—for research and outreach activities related to fruit and nut production, handling, processing, marketing and consumption has been created since the Center was established in Dec. 1995.

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Grauke, L. J., and Tommy E. Thompson. "PATTERNS OF ROOTSTOCK USAGE IN THE PECAN INDUSTRY." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 431f—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.431f.

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The commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nursery industry relies on open-pollinated seed for rootstock production. Current choice of seedstocks by commercial pecan nurserymen was surveyed by telephone. Nurseries were called if they appeared in the directory used for the 1994 release of `Navaho'. Factors influencing the choice of seedstock include seed availability, nut fill, nut size, nut shape, seedling vigor, stand uniformity, and root characteristics. Local availability is important in the choice of seedstock. Those who harvest from their own trees usually credit the seedstock with other valuable characteristics, such as improved germination or vigor. Those who purchase seed usually target a preferred seedstocks for particular reasons but plant available seed in its absence. Well-filled nuts are recognized as being important for good germination. Small nuts are often preferred, especially when seed is purchased because more nuts per pound increases potential production. Round nuts are generally preferred over long nuts due to improved performance in some mechanical planters. Distinct regional preferences are apparent in the choice of seedstocks. Regionally preferred seedstock selections are generally validated by a survey of the research literature. Patterns of selection are consistent with climatic and geographic constraints. Tree procurement patterns have changed: many small nurseries have gone out of business, many large nurseries transport trees far from the nursery for sales, and quarantine restrictions have altered procurement patterns in Arizona. Recommendations are made to nurserymen, pecan growers, and researchers concerning continued progress toward improving regionally adapted pecan rootstocks through seedstock selection.

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Protásio, Thiago de Paula, Paulo Fernando Trugilho, Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi, and Marcela Gomes da Silva. "Quality and energetic evaluation of the charcoal made of babassu nut residues used in the steel industry." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000500003.

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Brazil is the only country in the world that uses large scale charcoal in steel-making blast furnaces. Meantime, the monoculture plantations of Eucalyptus are not able to meet the demand for charcoal from the steel industries.Therefore, research is necessary, in order to use lignocellulosic residues for the production of charcoal with technological properties which are suitable for the reduction of iron ore. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of charcoal which was made with babassu nut shell and designed for utilization in the steel industry in the function of the final carbonization temperature. All three layers of babassu nut shell (epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp) were used together. The initial temperature of the test was 100ºC and the final temperatures were: 450ºC, 550ºC, 650ºC, 750ºC and 850ºC. For the charcoals produced, the following properties were determined: apparent relative density, energy density and fixed carbon stock, in addition to chemical compositions (immediate and elemental) and heating values (higher and lower). Charcoal made of babassu nut shell showed high values of apparent density and energy density, and has a potential to replace coal and wood charcoal in the steel industry. The effect of the final carbonization temperature was expressed for all characteristics evaluated, except for the nitrogen content. Babassu nut shell must be carbonized at temperatures higher than 550ºC, so that the charcoal produced can be used in steel-making blast furnaces.

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Yu, Yali, Xiaoyu Lu, Tiehua Zhang, Changhui Zhao, Shiyao Guan, Yiling Pu, and Feng Gao. "Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.): Nutrition, Processing, Function and Applications." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040601.

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The tiger nut is the tuber of Cyperus esculentus L., which is a high-quality wholesome crop that contains lipids, protein, starch, fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive factors. This article systematically reviewed the nutritional composition of tiger nuts; the processing methods for extracting oil, starch and other edible components; the physiochemical and functional characteristics; as well as their applications in food industry. Different extraction methods can affect functional and nutritional properties to a certain extent. At present, mechanical compression, alkaline methods and alkali extraction–acid precipitation are the most suitable methods for the production of its oil, starch and protein in the food industry, respectively. Based on traditional extraction methods, combination of innovative techniques aimed at yield and physiochemical characteristics is essential for the comprehensive utilization of nutrients. In addition, tiger nut has the radical scavenging ability, in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and displays medical properties. It has been made to milk, snacks, beverages and gluten-free bread. Despite their ancient use for food and feed and the many years of intense research, tiger nuts and their components still deserve further exploitation on the functional properties, modifications and intensive processing to make them suitable for industrial production.

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Sunija, A. J., S. Siva Ilango, and K. P. Vinod Kumar. "Electrical studies on biopolyurethane from cashew nut husk tannin." Circuit World 41, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-07-2014-0030.

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Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the evaluation of the electrical properties of bio-based polyurethane material derived from cashew nut husk tannin and also the effect of temperature and frequency on the dielectric values and alternate current (AC) conductivity. Design/methodology/approach – Bio-based polyurethane is prepared from cashew nut husk tannin as polyol, their dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor are measured using an inductance capacitance resistance (LCR) metre, and the AC conductivity is determined using dielectric constant and loss values. Findings – The dielectric constant values are high, and the values decrease with an increase in frequency but increase with an increase in temperature. The AC conductivity values are low; hence, the material can be categorized as insulators or semi-conductors. Because the polyurethanes have a good dielectric value and are cost-effective, as they are derived from renewable biomaterial waste, they have promising applications for the future. Research limitations/implications – The experiment is carried out up to the frequency of 200 KHz because of the limitation in the instrument. But for the institute of printed circuits (IPC) and other specifications, the values of dielectric loss and dielectric constant will be generally coated for 1 MHz. Practical implications – The high dielectric constant and loss values show that the polyurethane can be opted for use as capacitors in electronic devices, and the values are comparable to the requirements of IPC4101A/24IPC; hence, they are suitable for the application as printed circuit board (PCB) laminate. Social implications – The use of biomaterial waste in the production of polyurethane will bring down the dependence of polyurethane industry on fossil fuel reserve, reduce carbon dioxide foot print and reduce the cost of production. Originality/value – The motivation of the work was its ecological aspect and also aims on the use of an alternative bio-based material in the PCB industry.

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Kicheeva, A. G., V. A. Tereschenko, E. A. Ivanov, O. V. Ivanova, and Iu G. Liubimova. "Application of pine nut needles and shells in the feeding of farm animals and poultry (review)." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-108-125.

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Forests cover one-third of the planet’s land surface. Forests are essential for maintaining a clean environment, food security and biodiversity. Forests are also a source of food for animals. In the processing of forest resources, the forest industry accumulates various forest biomass wastes containing valuable and nutritious biologically active substances. The article provides an overview of the current state of the art in applying forest industry waste to feed farm animals and poultry. The authors presented the characteristics of biological properties of plant forestry raw materials and described the mechanism of their action on the animal organism. The authors analysed the results of studies of domestic and foreign scientists on feeding animals and poultry with feed additives containing pine needles and pine nutshells. The authors also characterised the possible advantages and disadvantages of using feed additives. The analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature in the area under study has shown that forest industry waste in feed production and animal feeding is relevant as the available fodder base does not always allow to satisfy the need of animals for nutrients and biologically active substances. It has been noted that pine needles are used worldwide as a feed additive, but in the countries with the most significant areas of forests and developed forest industry, their use is the most common and effective. The use of cedar nut shells in the feeding of farm animals and poultry is most produced in Russia, while this area is underdeveloped in the world. The literature review has confirmed that using forest industry wastes such as pine nut needles and shells in animal feed production is promising livestock production.

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Maciel, Laércio Galvão, Flávia Letícia Ribeiro, Gerson Lopes Teixeira, Luciano Molognoni, Jacson Nascimento dos Santos, Itaciara Larroza Nunes, and Jane Mara Block. "The potential of the pecan nut cake as an ingredient for the food industry." Food Research International 127 (January 2020): 108718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108718.

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Bandason, Wellington, Cosmas Parwada, and Abbyssinia Mushunje. "Macadamia Nuts (Macadamia intergrifolia) Value Chain and Technical Efficiency among the Small-scale Farmers in Zimbabwe." Research on World Agricultural Economy 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v3i4.700.

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Agriculture value chains are an indispensable tool for stakeholder collaboration, improving market access, foreign currency generation and increase in macadamia nut production in most developing countries. In Zimbabwe macadamia nut is a relatively new crop that has potential to alleviate poverty and enhance livelihoods. Zimbabwe’s macadamia nut industry is still at its infancy and remains an under-researched area. Despite this, the technical efficiency of macadamia nuts production systems as proxied by production levels among small-scale farmers in the country is least understood. This study analyses the existing value chains by scrutinizing every step required in the production and marketing of macadamia nuts focusing on technical efficiency of value chain nodes. Macadamia nut value chain in Zimbabwe is predominantly an emergency value chain system that does not embrace the modular value chain model and associated networks to enhance technical efficiency and overall welfare. The value chain system is characterised by imperfect market conditions with limited knowledge of exact specifications, attributes and price of macadamia nuts. The existing value chain models for macadamia nut need to be re-aligned to accommodate all stakeholders, hence widening resource and knowledge sharing platforms. There is a need for the Zimbabwe macadamia nut value chain to shift towards captive networks which embrace and scale out practices such as out-grower contractual arrangements. There is potential to design macadamia nut value chain models in Zimbabwe to increase the technical efficiency of the industry.

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Mubofu, Egid B. "From cashew nut shell wastes to high value chemicals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0603.

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AbstractThe amount of waste generated in cashew nut processing factories has caused serious problems for a long time. However, this situation is about to change because they are being turned into an opportunity by a variety of bio-based chemicals. Todate, cashew nut shells (CNS) have proven to be among the most versatile renewable resource as they produce cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL which is a dark reddish brown viscous liquid (ca. 30–35 wt%) is extracted from the soft honeycomb of the CNS. The shells have been regarded as a by-product of the cashew industry though now it is a cheaper source of natural unsaturated phenols. CNSL offers a multitude of interesting possibilities for the synthesis of speciality chemicals, high value products and polymers. Our recent research efforts have demonstrated that its constituents can be transformed into diverse functional chemicals. This paper reports some key results on how cashew nut shells (an agro waste from cashew nut processing factories) have been employed to produce several functional materials and chemicals. The materials that are highlighted include the synthesis of 3-propylphenol from cardanol and anacardic acid, some polymers prepared from CNSL components, heterogeneous catalysts prepared using CNSL as a templating agent and anacardic acid capped chalcogenide nanoparticles.

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Amon-Armah, Frederick, Solomon Sefa Oduro, Eric Kofi Doe, Moses Asani, Daniel Nyadanu, and Sampson Konlan. "Supply-Side Practices and Constraints of the Kola Nut (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.) Value Chain in Ghana: A Descriptive Evidence." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (May 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9942699.

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The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created an increased global market demand in excess of its production and provides great prospects for the growth of the kola nut industry in producing countries like Ghana. Nonetheless, there is a great dearth of information on Ghana’s kola nut supply-side practices and constraints that can provide a basis for the development of the industry. This study fills the research gap by describing the practices and constraints of farmers, processors, and marketers of kola nut in Ghana. Using a survey methodology, results showed that nearly all (99.5%) farmers interviewed had not received any extension training on agronomic practices. Low market price of nuts (61.5%) and pests and diseases (60.4%) were the most reported constraints to kola nut production. Chiefs among motivating factors for cultivating kola nut were alternative livelihood support (58%). Some processors (28.6%) who rinsed nuts after depulping used a solution of Akate Master (bifenthrin) and others (51.0%) used fumigation tablets (aluminium phosphide) (91.0%) for storing the nuts. However, these chemicals may be dangerous to the health of consumers in the long run. The low selling price of kola nuts was perceived to be the most (74.8%) constraint to kola nut processing and marketing. Respondents noted that the red nuts were preferred for their durability during transportation and longer shelf life, while the white nuts were preferred for their taste. The results suggest the need for further agronomic, postharvest handling, preservation, and storage, as well as breeding research to provide recommendations to farmers and processors. To overcome some marketing challenges, there is a need for policy support to standardize pricing and grading systems for the mutual benefit of all the stakeholders.

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Yuvanda, Sesraria, and Deby Aisyah RJ Nur. "Penentuan industri kecil pangan unggulan dengan metode SAW dan dampaknya terhadap daya serap tenaga kerja di Kota Jambi." Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpe.v16i2.12562.

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Small and Medium Industry (SMI) have an important role in economic development to increase the value of products and providing employment as an industry. The purposes of this research are to determine the leading sector of food small-industry in Jambi City, and to measure the contribution rate of it in absorb labors within the city. The result showed that in Jambi City, the leading sector of food small-industry was a group of nut-processing industry and plantation product-processing industry. That leading sector contributed 18.65 percent to the absorption of labor.

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Warungase, Rutuja, Shreya Shinde, Dhanashree Thorat, Dhanishtha Patole, and Prof Pankaj Beldar. "Design and Development of SPM for Nut Sorting." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42813.

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Abstract: In the complex industrial environment, there are many interference objects when detecting the objects on the production line. The interference objects are very similar to the objects to be sorted in terms of colour, shape, and size. The existing detection methods like edge detection and object segmentation make it difficult to recognize the objects in the complex industrial environment. Detection of dimensions using load sensor, Infrared sensor, and Arduino program. The machine is controlled by Arduino (microcontroller) with a Servo motor. The aim of this project is the separate hexagonal nuts according to their dimension. These systems can be used in several applications aimed to automatize the process of sorting. With the help of this machine, work efficiency can be increased and labour can be decreased. The project's purpose is to create a Mechatronics system that can sort nuts. It would also be able to detect and reject other items in the process. The project's goal will be to supply the industry with a piece of working equipment for direct use in the Quality Control department at a minimal cost. Keywords: size, shape, hexagonal nut, quality control, infrared sensor, load sensor

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Lillywhite, Jay M., Jennifer E. Simonsen, and Richard J. Heerema. "U.S. Consumer Purchases and Nutritional Knowledge of Pecans." HortTechnology 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.2.222.

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The U.S. pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry is important to the country in both economic and cultural terms. Although the industry has expanded its export markets considerably, domestic pecan consumption has remained relatively flat. Expanding a domestic market is an important risk management strategy. To diversify, industry stakeholders may need to focus effort on growing domestic demand for pecans and pecan products, yet relatively little is known about U.S. pecan consumers because the majority of available information is garnered from supply side (production) data. This study used a web-based panel survey of 1009 U.S. food consumers to explore the demographics of pecan consumers, gauge their current tree nut nutrition knowledge, and examine the preferences surrounding their pecan purchases. Almost three-quarters (74%) of survey respondents consume pecans; demographic differences were observed between respondents who consume pecans and those who do not. Respondents’ knowledge of general and tree nut nutrition concepts varied. Respondents most frequently purchase pecans from a grocery store, buy them shelled as a raw ingredient for baking/cooking, and consume pecans four to six times per year.

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Bragoni, Valentina, Raja K. Rit, Robin Kirchmann, A. Stefania Trita, and Lukas J. Gooßen. "Synthesis of bio-based surfactants from cashew nutshell liquid in water." Green Chemistry 20, no. 14 (2018): 3210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01686k.

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Ifa, La. "TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM CASHEW NUT SHELL WASTE." Journal of Industrial Engineering Management 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jiem.v6i1.879.

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Liquid smoke has a very large use, it is a result of condensation or condensation of pyrolysis vapor, directly or indirectly from wood materials such as cashew nut shells. Cashew nut shell is an abundant biomass of cashew nut processing industry but its utilization is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to make liquid smoke from cashew nut shell waste (technological aspect) and conduct economic analysis (economic aspect) to determine economic feasibility. Liquid smoke is made by pyrolysis at a temperature of 150-450oC in a simple batch type reactor. The results obtained were analyzed for its chemical components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MC) spectrophotometer analysis. The largest liquid smoke production was obtained at a temperature of 450oC and a time of 2.5 hours with a yield of 19.46%. The main chemical components contained in liquid smoke are phenol (36.310%), acid (12.947%) and carbonyl (16.715%) respectively. With a liquid smoke production capacity of 200 tons per year, liquid smoke products can be sold at a price of IDR 3,620,137,785/years. Total Production cost 2,572,976,800/years. Annual net profit 733,012,689. Investigation of the economic feasibility of liquid smoke production, seen from the Rate of Rate on Investment, is 15.65%, Pay Out Time is 2.99 years and Break Event Point is 49.05%

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Adams, Abdul-Moomin, Issahaku Abudulai, and Motin Bashiru. "The Shea Industry and Rural Livelihoods among Women in the Wa Municipality, Ghana." Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 2 (February 19, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v3i2.8706.

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<p>The majority of rural population in Ghana are faced with poverty, especially in northern Ghana which records the highest poverty levels. Despite the potential of the shea industry to contribute to alleviating poverty among rural women, little attention has been given to the industry. This paper examined the shea industry as a source of livelihood among rural women as well as the challenges women faced in the industry in Wa Municipality. Cross-sectional research design was employed and data were collected using questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that 93.7% of the women participated in the shea value chain as a main source of livelihood strategy; as much as 69.8% of the respondents in the shea industry produce for both subsistence and commercial purposes; majority of the respondents (96%) were engaged in fresh nut collection as well as home processing of nuts, and 86.5% were engaged in shea butter processing; the average annual income per person was GH¢846.85; however, the average annual income for butter processors was much higher than that of nut processors; and the major challenges confronting women in the shea industry includes: limited access to investment capital; cutting down of live shea trees; lack of modern processing equipment and training; and poor pricing of shea products in the local market. The paper calls on government to formulate a clear cut policy for the industry, particularly on marketing of the shea products to make the industry lucrative for women while at the same time increasing the export base of shea products.</p>

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Brežná, Barbara, Hana Dudášová, and Tomáš Kuchta. "A Novel Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for the Detection of Brazil Nuts in Food." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.1.197.

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Abstract A qualitative real-time PCR-based method for the detection of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) component in food is described. The method consists of DNA isolation by chaotropic SPE and the subsequent PCR with Brazil nut-specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe. The primers and the probe are targeted to the gene encoding for the 11s globulin of the Brazil nut. The method was positive for eight Brazil nut samples from the market and negative for all other tested plant and meat materials used in the food industry (36 samples). The intrinsic LOD of the method was 10 pg Brazil nut DNA. Using a series of model nut paste mixtures with defined Brazil nut contents, a practical detection limit of 0.1 (w/w) Brazil nut was estimated. Practical applicability of the entire method was tested by qualitative analysis of nine food samples; no discrepancies between the declared and detected Brazil nut contents were found. The presented PCR-based method is useful for sensitive and selective detection of Brazil nut in food samples.

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Cleef, Eric Haydt Castello Branco van, José Cleto da Silva Filho, Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior, René Maurício Patiño Pardo, Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo, and Josemir de Souza Gonçalves. "Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silage with biodiesel industry co-products." Ciência Rural 42, no. 4 (April 2012): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012000400024.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) of forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) cakes on dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH values and concentrations of N-NH3 in elephant grass silages. It was used an entirely randomized design in factorial arrangement [(2×3)+1]. Experimental PVC silos were used and ensiled material was kept for 62 days. The addition of cakes increased the dry matter contents (P<0.05). The fibrous fractions were reduced (P<0.05) with the inclusion of cakes during the grass ensilage and the CP contents increased (P<0.05). The forage turnip cake provided the same pH and N-NH3 values in ideal levels and the physic nut, added to 9%, increased those values (P<0.05). IVDMD was reduced (P<0.05) when the cakes were added. These co-products can be used in small amounts for elephant grass ensilage in order to provide improvement in chemical and fermentation characteristics of the silages. Nevertheless, physic nut cake shows limitations for its use in animal feeding due to the presence of toxic compounds, making necessary studies for their identification and elimination.

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Bhaumik, Shubrajit, Viorel Paleu, Rajan Pathak, Rishabh Maggirwar, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, and Anuj Kumar Sharma. "Tribological investigation of r-GO additived biodegradable cashew nut shells liquid as an alternative industry lubricant." Tribology International 135 (July 2019): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.007.

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IZUMI, Satoshi. "W304 CAE Modeling Scheme for Bolt-nut Tightening System and Application to Industry-Academia Collaborative Researches." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2012.20 (2012): _W304–1_—_W304–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2012.20._w304-1_.

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Chou, Yu Tuan, Shao Yi Hsia, and Po Yueh Shih. "Interference of Die Equipment for Hexagonal Flange Nut Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 661 (September 2015): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.661.36.

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Most cold forging die insert materials are powder sintered tungsten steel materials, which can hardly bear the circumferential tension and stress that the die insert longitudinal fracture is easily caused. For this reason, this study intends to investigate effects of die insert pre-stress resulted from shrink fit interference on the die to prevent the product accuracy and service life from being reduced due to the die failure in the forging process. The die effective stress distribution is also calculated in this study, and the interference is added between tungsten steel die inserts and cases to prevent tungsten steel from being damaged by the circumferential stress. The die stress distribution caused by common shrink fit interference in the industry is also investigated. The optimal interference acquired under the design criteria of decreasing equivalent stress presents 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.8%, and 0.1% at different stages. The research results could be the reference to select the optimal parameter for the die design and further shorten the product development effectiveness and reduce the costs.

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Layly, Ika Rahmatul, Erma Widyasti, Deden Rosid Waltam, Ayi Mufti, Nita Wiguna, and Trismilah Trismilah. "Isolasi Mikroorganisme Potensial Penghasil Lipase dari Limbah Pengolahan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Malinping." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 13, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14699.

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AbstrakLipase adalah kelompok enzim yang mengkatalisis hidrolisis rantai panjang trigliserida, lemak, dan minyak menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak dengan adanya air. Sumber lipase untuk industri kebanyakan berasal dari mikroorganisme. Penggunaan lipase pada industri makin meningkat setiap tahunnya meliputi aplikasinya pada industri makanan, pakan, farmasi, pulp, dan kertas, biodiesel, dan industri tekstil. Dalam usaha mendapatkan isolat potensial penghasil lipase untuk hHidrofilisasi serat poliester, pada penelitian ini dilakukan skrining dan isolasi mikroorganisme yang dapat menghasilkan lipase dari limbah pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit di Malinping, Lebak, Banten. Sebanyak 20 isolat bakteri dan 5 isolat jamur yang diperoleh kemudian diuji aktivitas lipasenya menggunakan metode titrasi. Empat isolat bakteri terpilih (Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil) serta lima isolat jamur (Nut-A, Nut-B, Nut-C, Kernel-B, dan Kernel-C) dikarakterisasi pH dan suhu optimum enzimnya. Hasil karakterisasi pH menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil mempunyai aktivitas enzim lipase tertinggi pada pH 6. Suhu optimal aktivitas enzim lipase isolat Lumpur-Got-B, Hasil Buangan-B, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil B pada 40 °°C, sedangkan isolat bakteri-Kondensat-B optimal pada suhu 30 °°C. Aktivitas lipase kelima isolat jamur optimal pada pH 6. Suhu optimal aktivitas lipase isolat jamur Nut-A adalah 40 °°C, sedangkan isolat Nut-B, Nut-C, Kernel-B, dan Kernel-C aktivitasnya optimal pada 50 °°C.Abstract Lipase are enzymes that catalyzed the hydrolysis of triglyceride, fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acids in the presence of water. Industrial Lipase source mostly derived from microbes. Each year, the lipase utilization in industry increased, such as application for foods, feeds, pharmacys, pulp and papers, biodiesel, and textile industries. On this study, a total of 20 bacteria and 5 fungi lipase potential producer were screened and isolated from oil palm processing waste in Malinping, Lebak, Banten, which then tested for its activity using titration method. Selected isolates then were characterized for its enzyme optimum pH and temperature. The optimum pH for isolate Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan and Crude-Oil-Tank lipases are at pH 6, whilst the optimum temperature of isolates Lumpur-Got B, Hasil-Buangan B and Crude-Oil-Tank B were at 40 °°C and bakteri-Kondensat B isolate optimum at 30 °°C. The five fungi characterization shown optimum pH at 6 and 50 °°C except for isolate Nut-A that optimum at 30 °°C.

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Brzezinski, Jennifer L. "Detection of Cashew Nut DNA in Spiked Baked Goods Using a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1035.

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Abstract The detection of potentially allergenic foods, such as tree nuts, in food products is a major concern for the food processing industry. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed to determine the presence of cashew DNA in food products. The PCR amplifies a 67 bp fragment of the cashew 2S albumin gene, which is detected with a cashew-specific, dual-labeled TaqMan probe. This reaction will not amplify DNA derived from other tree nut species, such as almond, Brazil nut, hazelnut, and walnut, as well as 4 varieties of peanut. This assay was sensitive enough to detect 5 pg purified cashew DNA as well as cashew DNA in a spiked chocolate cookie sample containing 0.01% (100 mg/kg) cashew.

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Razola-Díaz, María del Carmen, Ana María Gómez-Caravaca, Eduardo J. Guerra-Hernández, Belén Garcia-Villanova, and Vito Verardo. "New Advances in the Phenolic Composition of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) by-Products." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030343.

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“Horchata” is a well-known Spanish beverage obtained from pressing tiger nuts. Its by-product is a potential source of sugar and fiber but also contains polyphenols; thus, it could be used as a new ingredient in the food industry. The aim of this work is to determine the phenolic compounds and compare the phenolic profile of two tiger nut by-products. A Box–Behnken design has been carried out to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from tiger nut by-products by ultrasound technology. The independent factors were time (min), ethanol/water (% v/v), and solvent/sample ratio (v/w). The model was validated and confirmed by ANOVA. A Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) of Valencia and a non-Protected Designation of Origin (n-PDO) tiger nut by-products were extracted under the optimal conditions and were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF-MS (High Performance Liquid Chropatography coupled to a photodiode array time-of-flight mass detector). Moreover, their antioxidant activities measured by three different methods (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)) were compared. A total of 45 polar compounds were identified, and the phenolic ones were quantified, some of them for the first time. PDO tiger nut by-product has been demonstrated to be richer in phenolic acids and other polyphenols and has higher antioxidant activity; meanwhile, n-PDO tiger nut by-product is richer in phenol precursors.

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Adenowo, Abiola F., and Mutiu I. Kazeem. "Tiger Nut as A Functional Food, Pharmacological and Industrial Agent: A Mini Review." Annals of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ast-2020-0004.

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AbstractTiger nut is a plant generally underutilized in many parts of the world where it grows mostly as a weed. It is loved by children and many adults for its milky sugary taste, without most consumers being aware of its nutritional and health benefits. The level of awareness on the importance of this wonderful and greatly enriched plant is indeed very low. This review is aimed at expounding some of the advanced scientific researches which authenticated the folk reports on the therapeutic potential of the plant. Research findings which present potential application of this wonderful plant in food industry, pharmaceutical formulation, agricultural production and biofuel generation are also elucidated.

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Liu, Mei Ping, and Li Yang. "The Quality Promotion of Tax Sources of Private Enterprises in Perspective of Total Factor Productivity in China - Malmquist Index Analysis Based on the DEA." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.876.

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We use the tax survey data of the central treasury, combine with the trajectory and evolution path of China's private economy, introduce a non-parameter DEA method to calculate the Malmquist index and analyze the quality of tax sources and the level of total factor productivity of private enterprises in the post financial crisis era. We find out that the total factor productivities of the three industries have increased in the recent years, nut of different extents. Specifically speaking, there are more efficiency improvement and technical progress in tertiary industry than that in secondary industry, while there is an obvious trend that the secondary industry is shifting to the tertiary industry. At the same time, the status of the first industry has been consolidated and improved.

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Chen, Chih Ming, and Cheng Ho Chen. "Friction Characteristics of Clasp Locked Precision Locknuts under Different Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.447.

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As the machine tool industry moves towards high speed and high precision, we must have detection technology for the mechanical properties of fasteners, in order to overcome technical bottlenecks. This article is especially aimed at machine tools and special-purpose machines that commonly use clasp locking precision locknuts. In this research, the anti-loosening characteristics of precision nuts are investigated under different conditions, such as the clearances, end processing methods, nut cutting speeds, lubricants, and tightening speeds. The results can provide the precision nut manufacturers a data base for product design. The experimental results show that with the end surface machining method using concentric grinding, nut cutting speed 800rpm, 2rpm speed of tightening, and the use of lubricant 2TML, the nut has better anti-loosening characteristics.

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Rahman, Tania, Shanto Kumar Saha, Md Sajjadur Rahman Sohel, Md Tamim Maula, Abhijit Bowmik, and Rashidul Hasan Nabil. "Risk Identification and Analysis in Software Development in Bangladesh IT Industry: A Hybrid Model." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 21, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v21i1.308.

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Software risk management is a critical and multi-stage process. All over the world, IT Industries face some threats during software risk management processes. Bangladesh is not exceptional. Our principal goal is to manage risk for Bangladesh's IT Industry. To gain a clear and transparent idea survey is the most effective way. And so, we arranged a survey questionnaire and collected data for risk impact areas on Bangladesh IT Industry. A workable and feasible risk management approach prompts an idea for the risk-mitigating plan. In any case, the high proportion of IT project failures demonstrates the futility of risk mitigation activities. From the survey, it is discovered that the most irritating obstructions behind software disappointment for the presence of covered-up and inconspicuous risks and lack of user communication, and lack of proper training on new technology which is overlooked in the greater part of the models. The proposed model works with the improvement of the risk mitigation plan through four phases, the DVC committee, and the NUT train-up team. Depending upon the survey replies added another unique feature called the NUT train-up team. The model considered all four phases of risk management, with the mitigation phase and training on new technologies receiving the greatest attention.

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Liu, Luo, Yiyi Shang, Yan Zhang, and Mingjie Pang. "Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant, and Digestive Enzymes Inhibitory Activities of Different Fractions from Ginkgo biloba L. Nut Shells." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5797727.

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This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical compounds, antioxidant, and digestive enzymes inhibitory activities of the free (F), esterified (E), and insoluble-bound (IB) fractions from Ginkgo biloba L. nut shells. Results showed that a total of twelve compounds were detected in G. biloba nut shells by using UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS, including two kinds of organic acids, three kinds of phenolic acids, three kinds of flavonoids, and four kinds of terpene lactones. The F fraction contained all identified compounds and had the highest contents of the total phenolics and total flavonoids. All of the three different fractions exhibited good DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging activities and strong inhibitory effects on the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, these three fractions also had good inhibitory effects towards α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Among the three fractions, the F fraction possessed the strongest bioactivities. The findings obtained in the current study may provide some insights and bases for the further investigation and application of G. biloba nut shells in clinical medicine or the nutraceutical industry.

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Silva, Kamilla Soares, André Luis Borges Machado, Flávio Alves da Silva, Cláudio Fernandes Cardoso, and Fernanda Ferreira Freitas. "Processing and physicochemical characterization of a water-soluble extract based on Pará nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel)." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 8 (June 28, 2020): e163984848. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.4848.

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Despite the nutritional and functional qualities of Pará nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and of Baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel), the industrial exploitation of these two nuts is still scarce. With this, the elaboration of a water-soluble extract based on Pará and Baru nuts could be consider an alternative for the consumption of foods based on these vegetables, both little used industrially. Thus, by way of a simplex centroid experimental mixture design, this study aimed to elaborate water-soluble vegetable extracts based on Pará and Baru nuts. This study allowed evaluate the behavior of the physicochemical and physical characteristics of the processed vegetable extracts. The special cubic model obtained the best fit for the response variables, both for the physicochemical characterizations of moisture, lipid, protein, ash, carbohydrate, pH value and acidity, and for the physical characteristics of luminosity, chroma and hue angle. The results obtained showed that the model is highly predictive (all R2 > 97%). The water content directly influenced the nutritional aspects of the water-soluble extracts, where a decrease in the proportion of water in the mixture provided greater content of proximate composition. The behavior of the color parameter predicted by the model showed that variations in the proportions of the nuts concentrations changes the behavior of the luminosity indexes. The pH had higher values when there was an increase in the concentration of Pará nuts, while an increase in the proportion of baru nuts decreased the acidity of the water-soluble extract. The mathematical models used allow to evaluate the effects of the interactions between variables and responses, highlighting their applicability in the food industry.

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Qosim, Nanang, and Mohammad Hartono. "Machining time and number of machine for the production planning of wheel nut releaser with the demand of 100 units/day." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i1.pp8-13.

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The impact of competition in the industry has driven people to improve the effectiveness of production process. One of the main factors supporting that effectiveness is the good planning of both the need and the number of machines. The aim of this study is to estimate the machining times to determine the number of machines to manufacture 100/day of the nut releaser tool for car wheel. The result shows that the need of the number of machines to manufacture each component of the nut releaser tool for car wheel are 7 units of power hacksaw, 27 units of lathe machine, 8 units of drilling machine, 12 units of milling machine, 2 units of EDM machine and 25 units of bench work.

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Lakshmi, Nadiminti Venkata, and Polinati Satya Sagar. "Study on partial replacement of groundnut shell ash with cement." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 8, no. 3 (September 12, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2017.03.002.

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Concrete plays a prominent role in the construction industry. In the present scenario, there is a shortage of this material so there is a need to find alternatives to replace it in the concrete. In order to overcome this situation; many waste products which are available freely like a paper waste, red mud, rice husk and plastic waste can be used. Among all of these, Ground nut shell ash is one of the good waste materials available from the oil industry. It can be used widely for the replacement of cement. The ground net shell contains CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. This experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the strength of concrete, in which cement was replaced with ground nut shell ash for cubes, cylinders, and Prisms with different percentages which vary from 0% to 30% at an interval of 5% were performed. Concrete was batched by weight on adopting a ratio of 1:2:4 with water–cement ratio of 0.6. Concrete cubes of 150*150*150 mm in dimensions, cylinders of 150*300 mm in dimensions and 100*150 mm prisms are used. These Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were tested for 7, 14 and 28 days for compression, flexural and split tensile strengths. It is observed that 10% replacement of ground nut shell ash shown the highest strength values when compared with other percentages and for 15% replacement of ground nut shell ash the compressive and split tensile strength obtained the highest strength rather than other flexural strength.

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Sevimli-Gur, Canan, Yuksel Gezgin, Ahmet Oz, Shaymaa Al Sharqi, Zinar Pinar Gumus, and Nurhan Turgut Dunford. "Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14439.

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HighlightsThe first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.

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Oliveira, Edna M. S., Francisco R. Silva, Crislânia C. O. Morais, Thiago Mielle B. F. Oliveira, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Artur J. Motheo, Cynthia C. Albuquerque, and Suely S. L. Castro. "Performance of (in)active anodic materials for the electrooxidation of phenolic wastewaters from cashew-nut processing industry." Chemosphere 201 (June 2018): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.037.

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Razola-Díaz, María del Carmen, Vito Verardo, Beatriz Martín-García, Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio, Belén García-Villanova, and Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández. "Establishment of Acid Hydrolysis by Box–Behnken Methodology as Pretreatment to Obtain Reducing Sugars from Tiger Nut Byproducts." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040477.

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Carbohydrate-rich byproducts may be used as a growth substrate for microalgae. The tiger nut, compared to other tubers, has higher carbohydrate content, which mostly remain in the byproduct after the production of tiger nut milk (“Horchata”). The aim of this study is the optimization of a hydrolysis pre-treatment in tiger nut byproduct to obtain reducing sugars, objective framed in the European SUSPUFA (Sustainable production of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA using agro-food industry by-products through microalgae) Project. Two experimental 4-factor Box–Behnken designs (acid concentration (N), temperature (°C), time (min) and ratio acid/sample) were carried out with 27 experiments to optimize chemical hydrolysis conditions with H2SO4 and H3PO4 in duplicate. The sugars were determined by the Schoorl method and the extracts obtained by the optimal conditions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protected designation of origin (PDO) and non-protected designation of origin (n-PDO) tiger nut byproducts were characterized by physicochemical methods. The validity of the experimental designs was confirmed by ANOVA. The optimum sugar values were obtained with H2SO4 2 N at 85 °C, 60 min and ratio 60 and H3PO4 21 N at 90 °C, 60 min and ratio 60. Glucose and xylose were the sugars detected in the hydrolyzed samples. In conclusion, almost 50% of the total carbohydrates present in the tiger nut byproduct were hydrolyzed to reducing sugars.

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Manterola-Barroso, Carlos, Karina Godoy, David Alarcón, Daniela Padilla, and Cristian Meriño-Gergichevich. "Antioxidants in Shell and Nut Yield Components after Ca, Mg and K Preharvest Spraying on Hazelnut Plantations in Southern Chile." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243536.

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To determine the effects of pre-harvest calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) spraying on the antioxidant activity and capacity of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells, as an approach to sustain the utilization of the main residue derived from this industry, four commercial hazelnut (Tonda di Giffoni) orchards located in Southern Chile (Cunco, Gorbea, Perquenco and Radal), during the 2018/19 season were sprayed three times with five combinations of Ca (300 and 600 mg L−1), Mg (300 and 600 mg L−1) and K (300 and 600 mg L−1). Yield components were determined in harvested whole nuts, whereas Ca, Mg and K concentrations, as well as total phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging antioxidant activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, were determined in shells. All spray treatments with both Ca, Mg and K combinations showed a significant interaction between locality and treatment (L × T) on increased stabilized nut yield (kg ha−1) in comparison with the control treatments, whereas nut quality was differentially affected by treatment and orchard locality, thus confirming a significant L × T relationship regarding nut length and kernel yield. However, locality showed a major effect on kernels and shells. A significant relationship was determined between locality and the Ca, Mg and K spraying (L × T) concerning antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, whose amounts exceeded those of the control treatments by three times. Antioxidant capacity and activity in shells showed a significant L × T relationship, and nutshells collected from Cunco showed remarkably (3–4 times) higher levels of these factors than the other evaluated localities. Interactions between spray treatment and orchard location were responsible for the different values obtained in the experiments, confirming the influence of the environment on the efficacy of the treatments. Finally, these shells are worth further study as an interesting residue of the hazelnut industry due to their nutritional and antioxidant properties.

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Du, Xiaofen, Xinwang Wang, Adriana Muniz, and Keith Kubenka. "Consumer Hedonic Ratings and Associated Sensory Characteristics and Emotional Responses to Fourteen Pecan Varieties Grown in Texas." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141814.

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Pecan is one of the top five most widely consumed tree nuts, and pecan nut quality is a major factor for consideration in breeding better pecan cultivars for use by producers. However, the pecan industry faces a hurdle to evaluate its nutmeat taste, and there has so far been limited evaluation of consumer attitudes toward pecan nutmeat. This study aimed to investigate the consumer (n = 198) hedonic rating, diagnostic sensory attribute intensity, and emotional response for 14 pecan samples, consisting of native/seedling and improved varieties. The results showed all kernels received positive hedonic scores (>5, 9-point hedonic scale) for overall acceptance and the acceptability of size, interior color, typical-pecan flavor, and raw-nut flavor. The primary sensory attributes (intensities > 5.0, 0–10 line scale) were typical-pecan and raw-nut flavors, followed by buttery flavor, sweetness, and astringency. Kernel off-flavors were not perceived in general. For 20 emotion-associated terms, the intensity of the satiating effect was medium, while the energizing effect was lower. The major emotional responses were healthy, satisfied, and comfort, followed by calm, interested, premium, and relaxed. Kernel variety difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05) for all these measured variables. Consumer overall acceptance toward pecan kernels was driven by the acceptability of flavor and interior color, flavor intensities, no off-flavors, and positive emotional responses; kernel size was not an impactful factor. The six most preferred varieties were 86TX2-1.5, Pawnee, Barton, 1997-09-0012, 1991-01-0026, and Harris Super. This study is the first to use consumer input to assess nut quality and consumption preference and will be foundational to ongoing breeding programs to develop new pecan cultivars that will better meet consumer preferences and expectations, and therefore will be accepted by the processing industry and growers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nut industry'

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