Academic literature on the topic 'Nursing students Training of Australia Evaluation'

Occupational health and safety (OHS) education is integral to healthcare practice. Nurses/nursing students are particularly vulnerable during their work in this high-risk industry. Current clinical teaching appears to focus on individual risks rather than provide a broader overview of the complex issues involved. A novel educational resource, the Safety Assessment Framework for Evaluation and Assessment (SAFER), is presented, addressing a gap in current education resources for nursing students to broaden understanding about OHS. The study re-examined pilot focus group data from first- and third- year student OHS focus groups in an Australian university School of Nursing. The SAFER framework was informed by student nurses impressions/ experiences of OHS (published in 2015 and 2016), supported by a literature review. Central to the SAFER framework is OHS ‘risk management’. It incorporates stakeholders and Australian legislation, all in relation to ‘responsibility’ and ‘trust’. Examples use focus group participant voice, linked with researcher interpretation and supporting documentation. Clinical educators now have a broad resource to facilitate student group discussions about OHS from multiple perspectives. SAFER’s value beyond face validity should be tested, to confirm its applicability as a teaching resource in various university and training environments. Keywords: occupational health, education, nursing, curriculum, student

Objective The aims of this study were to determine whether a university–hospital partnership program for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) would: be well attended; reduce the number of patients on the diabetes out-patient waiting list who have been waiting longer than the recommended; increase discharge from the hospital clinic; increase university health clinic (UHC) occasions of service; be sustainable; and be acceptable to participants. Method A prospective observational study was conducted between 2016 and 2019. Participants with T2D were referred to a UHC, initially from a hospital diabetes wait list. The final program consisted of 10 weeks: before and after individual assessments, as well as 8 weeks of exercise and education facilitated by health professionals and students. Participant demographic characteristics and data on attendance, discharge and follow-up requirements, the percentage of patients waiting longer than the recommended for a new hospital out-patient appointment, university activity and patient satisfaction were collected. Results In all, 130 participants commenced the program, 80% completed at least six of eight group sessions and 80% attended the final assessment. The percentage of people waiting longer than recommended decreased from 63% to 16%. The hospital discharged 87% and 59% of participants from the dietitian and endocrinologist respectively. The UHC recorded 2056 occasions of service and 2056 student experiences including dietetics, exercise physiology, psychology, nursing, optometry, social work and podiatry students relating to the program. Satisfaction was high, as measured by the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction, with a mean score of 23.9 from a possible score of 28.0 (n = 93). Conclusion The partnership resulted in a new model of care for patients with T2D and increased learning experiences for students. What is known about the topic? Diabetes is the fastest growing disease in Australia, placing unsustainable demands on the health system. Access to patient-centred care and self-management education is essential to optimise glycaemic control, prevent or delay complications and maintain quality of life. The increasing demand of diabetes on the health system affects access to timely care, with unacceptably long wait times reported, resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality and poor patient satisfaction. A potential solution is the use of clinical students to contribute to service delivery. Student-assisted and student-led health clinics have increased access to care across the globe for many years. What does the paper add? Although group education has the potential to reduce the burden on clinical service delivery, it was unclear whether a partnership program using students and university and hospital resources would be acceptable to people with T2D and whether this model delivered at a UHC would be sustainable and of benefit to both the health service and university. The results of the evaluation suggest that a university–hospital partnership program is well accepted by participants, well attended, reduces the number of patients waiting for a hospital appointment longer than the acceptable waiting times, increases UHC activity and provides interdisciplinary student experiences. As such, this paper provides evidence that this model of care offers a potential solution to increasing demands for health services for diabetes and student clinical experience. What are the implications for practitioners? Partnerships between UHCs and hospitals offer a sustainable solution to increasing demand for diabetes services and student training requirements. The description of the development, implementation and evaluation processes can be used by practitioners and educators as a framework for the translation of similar models of care to meet demands in other areas where demand for health services exceeds capacity.

There is no co-ordinated focus on liabilities arising from nurses’ medical interventions in terms of occupational, administrative, civil legal and criminal activities. However, the Turkish Criminal Code, the Turkish Medical Ethics Code of Practice, and guidelines for patients’ rights offer some framework for the relevant ethical principles and responsibilities of nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the evaluation of nursing students’ training in their legal liabilities. The sample consisted of 309 students who were taking a course entitled ‘Nurses’ legal liabilities under Turkish criminal and civil law arising from medical interventions’. Data were obtained by means of self-administered questionnaires and McNemar’s test was used to evaluate the answers. In conclusion, after their training, a great majority of the students demonstrated an improvement in terms of their percentage of correct answers relating to malpractice. This does not, however, mean that they will not face malpractice charges after graduating, but their increased awareness of the issue may encourage them to make more effort to reduce the risk of mistakes. It is recommended that nursing faculty carry out studies into medical malpractice, that they focus more on this subject in nursing education, and that all nursing schools review their curricula from the point of view of malpractice.

Background: Persistent and emerging public health challenges mean Pharmacy students require training in immunization services. Curtin University, Australia, integrated blended-delivery immunization training into the final-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) and graduate-entry Master of Pharmacy curricula in 2019 and 2020, utilizing materials licenced from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Objective: This study evaluated changes in students’ attitude, confidence, self-perceived knowledge and self-perceived skills pre- and post-training delivered in 2020. Methods: Pre- and post-training questionnaires featured 42 opinion statements grouped under headings ‘Attitudes’, ‘Confidence’, ‘Self-Perceived Knowledge’ and ‘Self-Perceived Skills’, and answered using five-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Completed pre- and post-training questionnaires were matched using respondent-generated codes. Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate regression analysis to test pre-post changes and associations and changes in mean scores. Results: 128 (95.5%) and 132 (98.5%) students completed the pre- and post-training questionnaires, respectively. Immunization training resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvement in students’ mean Confidence score (3.33 vs 3.96), Self-Perceived Knowledge score (3.08 vs 4.47) and Self-Perceived Skills score (2.81 vs 4.55). Improvement in students’ mean Attitude score was also statistically significant (4.45 vs 4.61), yet more positively skewed pre-training. No significant pre-post differences were found between the Bachelor and Master students. Post-training, all respondents agreed that the training program increased their attitude, confidence, perceived knowledge and perceived skills, rating the training experience as either Excellent (91.6%) or Good (8.4%). Conclusions: Immunization training integrated into final-year BPharm (Hons) and MPharm curricula improved Attitudes, Confidence, Self-Perceived Knowledge and Self-Perceived Skills, all key to further role development in public health. This method is recommended to other Pharmacy schools to determine the impact and acceptability of immunization training programs amongst students.

An Australian College of Operating Room Nurses (ACORN) submission (ACORN 2002–2008) recently stated that the specialities that suffered significantly from the transition of hospital-based nursing training to university training were the perioperative specialty, critical care and emergency. The main reason for this was that perioperative nursing was not included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Less than a handful of universities in Australia offer the subject as a compulsory unit. The University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA) is one of these universities. This paper will provide an insight into the perioperative nursing care unit embedded within the Bachelor of Nursing (BN) undergraduate curriculum.

Background Writing and digital storage have largely replaced organic memory for encoding and retrieval of information in the modern era, with a corresponding decrease in emphasis on memorization in Western education. In health professional training, however, there remains a large corpus of information for which memorization is the most efficient means of ensuring: A) that the trainee has the required information readily available; and B) that a foundation of knowledge is laid, upon which the medical trainee builds multiple, complex layers of detailed information during advanced training. The carefully staged progression in early- to late- years’ medical training from broad concepts (e.g. gross anatomy and pharmacology) to in-depth, specialised disciplinary knowledge (e.g. surgical interventions and follow-on care post-operatively) has clear parallels to the progression of training and knowledge exposure that Australian Aboriginal youths undergo in their progression from childhood to adulthood to Tribal Elders. Methods As part of the Rural Health curriculum and the undergraduate Nutrition and Dietetics program in the Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, we tested Australian Aboriginal techniques of memorization for acquisition and recall of novel word lists by first-year medical students (N = 76). We also examined undergraduate student evaluations (N = 49) of the use of the Australian Aboriginal memory technique for classroom study of foundational biomedical knowledge (the tricarboxylic acid cycle) using qualitative and quantitative analytic methods drawing from Bloom’s taxonomy for orders of thinking and learning. Acquisition and recall of word lists were assessed without memory training, or after training in either the memory palace technique or the Australian Aboriginal narrative technique. Results Both types of memory training improved the number of correctly recalled items and reduced the frequency of specific error types relative to untrained performance. The Australian Aboriginal method resulted in approximately a 3-fold greater probability of improvement to accurate recall of the entire word list (odds ratio = 2.82; 95% c.i. = 1.15–6.90), vs. the memory palace technique (odds ratio = 2.03; 95% c.i. = 0.81–5.06) or no training (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% c.i. = 0.54–4.59) among students who did not correctly recall all list items at baseline. Student responses to learning the Australian Aboriginal memory technique in the context of biomedical science education were overwhelmingly favourable, and students found both the training and the technique enjoyable, interesting, and more useful than rote memorization. Our data indicate that this method has genuine utility and efficacy for study of biomedical sciences and in the foundation years of medical training.

Background: it is recognised that mindfulness training can positively impact holistic wellbeing and can improve mood, focus and resilience. Health service students often experience high levels of psychological morbidity. Engaging in mindfulness techniques may positively impact the psychological wellbeing of healthcare students. This is of vital importance to ensure optimum learning for healthcare practice with its associated challenges. Method: an evaluation was conducted with medical students (n=4) and PhD nursing students (n=6), who took part in a mindfulness-based workshop, followed by five weekly 30-minute sessions of mindfulness training, including a 15-minute meditation exercise. Data collection was carried out at baseline and post intervention, followed by a focus group discussion to elucidate qualitative experiences. Results: significant findings were identified with respect to cognitive mindfulness scores (P=0.02) and resilience (P=0.04). Discussion: data reflected three themes: the impact of mindfulness and maintaining practice, improvements in wellbeing, and improvements in academic endeavour. Conclusions: this evaluation found significant improvements in the ability to cope with stress and increased attention and resilience in all students. Although results are not generalisable in this small evaluation, students reported increased concentration levels and improved focus, both of which are likely to impact positively on any psychological symptoms, particularly those related to workload pressures.

AbstractObjectiveA common method of disaster training is needed to improve disaster nursing education and facilitate better communication among interprofessional disaster responders. To inform the development of disaster nursing curricula, a novel disaster nursing education method consistent with Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) framework was developed to improve disaster nursing competencies in a baccalaureate nursing program.MethodsIn total, 89 undergraduate nursing students participated. Perceived disaster nursing knowledge, confidence, and training/response were assessed with 14 items before and after the education.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors, knowledge, confidence, and training/response, explained 71% of variation in items. Nursing students showed large improvements in perceived disaster nursing knowledge (t=11.95, P<0.001, Cohen’s d=1.76), moderate increases in perceived confidence (t=4.54, P<0.001, d=0.67), and no change in disaster training and response (t=0.94, P=0.351, d=0.13).ConclusionsResults show preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of disaster nursing education informed by HSEEP. This training has the potential to fill current practice gaps in disaster nursing knowledge and build confidence to use those skills in practice. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:703-710)

[Truncated abstract] Many primary schools in Western Australia do not employ a specialist physical education (PE) teacher, leaving the teaching of this subject to the class teacher. There are concerns that some of these teachers lack the skills, confidence or knowledge to successfully implement a developmentally appropriate PE programme. A potential solution to this problem involves utilising an externally provided physical activity programme (EPPAP). Before considering this option, it is important to ensure these programmes adequately meet the needs of students, teachers and the educational curriculum. Outcomes for one such EPPAP were evaluated and compared against the outcomes attained in regular primary school PE classes. These outcomes were then compared to the Health and Physical Education (HPE) learning area outcomes (LAO) within Outcomes Based Education (OBE) of the Western Australian Curriculum Framework (CF). Approximately 460 primary school students in the Peel Region of WA participated in the EPPAP and subsequent research in 2004. In addition, approximately 135 students from the same area were invited to participate as controls. All students completed self-report questionnaires pre and post-participation in the EPPAP. ... Although not originally promoted as a programme to replace PE, the EPPAP is delivered within curriculum time with some schools intending to replace their traditional PE programme with the EPPAP. Therefore, reference to the CF is warranted. There were few opportunities to develop `skills for physical activity? (SPA) transferable to the sporting context and explicit teaching points were not consistently provided, or reinforced through teacher feedback. Activities in the lessons were generally delivered uniformly to all participants across Year 4-7 with no developmental theme, negating the opportunity for differentiation, progression or extension. In summary, the main objectives of the EPPAP was to provide students with a range of fun activities and games that were inclusive and encouraged participation. These objectives were fulfilled in this two-term evaluation. The disadvantages of the programme were it?s uniform delivery across all year groups, lack of developmental progression in both skills and games and a teacher centred approach that did not allow for student differentiation. The programme delivery and content was most suited to the students within Years K-3.

The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge of pain assessment and management, examine what change occurred immediately following a pain assessment and management workshop and examine whether any changes were retained one month later. Chin and Benne’s theory of change provided the theoretical framework for this study. Their approach to planned change involves assessing the existing structure, formulating and implementing a plan to change that structure, then evaluating the change. The following hypothesis was formulated for investigation: That nurses’ knowledge of pain assessment and management would increase after a workshop on the subject and be retained over one month. Based on the assumption that nurses’ demographic characteristics can influence their styles of learning and ability to disseminate knowledge, this study also examined whether changes in nurses’ knowledge were related to their demographic characteristics. To analyse this, the following were examined in relation to nurses’ knowledge of pain assessment and management: age, years of nursing, area of employment, level of practice, level of education and previous education in pain management. The design for this study was a one-group pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The subjects were 67 Registered and State Enrolled Nurses from country hospitals in Western Australia, involved in direct patient care, who voluntarily attended a pain assessment and management workshop. A questionnaire was adapted by the researcher and an expert nurse to measure nurses' knowledge. The results of the study support the main hypothesis that the workshop significantly increased nurses' pain assessment and management knowledge (ᵽ < .001), and that this knowledge was retained one month later. The remaining hypotheses related to demographic characteristics were not supported by this study (p > .05) with the following exceptions: Level Two Clinical Nurses (CNs) had more knowledge on the pretest, gained and retained more knowledge on the posttest and follow-up test than State Enrolled Nurses (ENs). Level One Registered Nurses (RNs) retained more knowledge on the follow-up test than ENs. In this study, each item on the questionnaire was analysed for each test. The value of this analysis was that it served to highlight where there was acceptance of or resistance to change in nurses' knowledge of pain assessment and management. Although generalisation of these results is inappropriate due to the convenience sample used, they support the opinion that a one day educational workshop can improve nurses' knowledge of pain assessment and management, and embrace the need for continued education related to this subject. An implication for nursing practice is that when nurses are prepared to learn new knowledge and change outdated concepts with the aim of improving patient care, this knowledge can be gained in relatively short courses of study.

Over the past decade there have been dramatic and unprecedented changes in post compulsory education, with an increase of over 40% for year 12 retention rates to 76.6% in 1992 and huge expansion of year 11 and 12 vocational education and training programs. However, for Aboriginal past compulsory age students, the picture is very different. In 1993 the year 12 Aboriginal retention rate was only 24.48% or 982 students (Australia wide), and by 1996 only 10% of the indigenous 15 and older population had any post school qualification, compared to 35% of the total population. Only 34% of West Australian Indigenous 15 to 24 year olds were employed compared with 56% of the total population. Aboriginal students not participating in education have been the subject of many reports, reviews and studies, but few of these have looked at Aboriginal vocational education and training and even fewer at the Aboriginal students own perception of education. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experience of Aboriginal students who have been involved in secondary school vocational education and training programs at Wongutha Christian Aboriginal Parent-directed School (Wongutha CAPS) to ascertain particular experiences that affected the students in their post school situations. Apart from the value of sharing the experiences of Aboriginal students, it is anticipated that the conclusions of this study will: help identify methods of training that have been effective for Aboriginal students, help identify particular courses that more readily articulate into further training and employment, help identify the specific needs of Aboriginal vocational education and training students, help identify factors which have led to poor year 11 and 12 retention levels, and poor participation rates in employment, assist educators in developing vocational education and training curriculum that is relevant to the needs of Aboriginal students, and deleting from vocational education and training programs material that is not relevant. This study provides educators with a student's "inside view” of vocational education and training experiences. The study involves post secondary Aboriginals who participated in secondary vocational education and training programs at Wongutha CAPS for a period of six months or longer at some time within the past nine years. The study utilises a phenomenological methodology with data collection by interview.

The standards of written literacy of teacher-education students at Edith Cowan University are perceived by many staff to be inadequate. The Faculty of Education's response to this perceived inadequacy is to carry out a mandatory skills-based remedial writing programme for students whose literacy competencies are judged to be deficient, The instrument used to assess the students' literacy competencies is the English Skills Assessment test. The students' performances in the various skills which the test purports to measure, also determine the area in which they are given remedial instruction if the results of the test suggest this is necessary. However, many Faculty of Education staff are concerned that there are important conceptual, structural, and organisational inadequacies in students' writing which are not identified by the English Skills Assessment test and, therefore, are not attended to in remediation programmes based on the results generated by this test. This study was an evaluation of the remedial literacy programme conducted by the Faculty of Education at Edith Cowan University. The programme was evaluated from two perspectives (a) a theoretical perspective and (b) a practical perspective. Firstly, the study evaluated the procedures used by the Faculty of Education to diagnose and remediate writing difficulties among its first year student intake by comparing the assumptions underlying those procedures to the assumptions underlying a contemporary perspective of writing and the teaching of writing. This comparison revealed that not only were many of the procedures used by the Faculty ineffectual, but also some of the procedures used had the potential to inhibit the literacy development of its students. Secondly, the study investigated whether the English Skills Assessment test was able to identify (a) all the areas in which students experienced difficulties inwriting and (b) the students who were likely to experience the difficulties. The performances of 426 first year primary and secondary teacher education students attending the Mount Lawley Campus of the Edith Cowan University in the English Skills Assessment test were compared with their performances in a research-essay assignment, carried out as a normal part of their course work. The results of this aspect of the study reinforce the findings of an earlier study (Holbrook & Bourke, 1989) which reported that the English Skills Assessment test neither identified all the areas in which tertiary level students experience difficulty in their real writing nor the students likely to experience difficulties, This study shows that Holbrook and Bourke's findings, which related to narrative text, also applied when students wrote expository text. These results challenge the validity of the Faculty's use of the English Skills Assessment test as a means of identifying students with writing problems and show that any remedial writing programme based solely on the areas identified by the test will have a limited impact on the development of students' written literacy. In addition to the data originally sought for this study, other information came to light which showed the limitations of the way in which the Faculty conceptualises students' literacy needs. The emphasis of this programme is diagnosis and remediation. This conceptualisation has produced a literacy unit which is peripheral to the mainstream academic programme and which teaches the surface features of language in decontextualised, skills-based lessons. As a consequence, the unit: (a) is accorded marginal status by lecturers and students alike, ( b ) bears little relationship to what is happening in other units of the course, and (c) contributes little, if anything, to students' literacy development. It is clear from the findings of this study that the Faculty of Educator's remedial literacy programme contains serious flaws which cannot be rectified by attempting to modify the existing programme, The study concludes by recommending that the Faculty of Education should abandon its existing programme, along with its remedial emphasis, and institute a new programme designed to cater for the literacy needs of all its students. That is, all incoming students should be required to undertake a foundation unit which outlines the Faculty of Education's requirements and expectations of students, and teaches them the structures and processes (reading, writing, and thinking) required for successful learning in Bachelor of Arts (Education) courses.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction and Background High fidelity simulation (HFS) refers to a mannequin that is modeled to represent a human and is programmed to produce physiologic functions such as palpable pulses, voices and abdominal sounds through computer interfaces. Recent introduction of HFS for learning nursing skills like critical thinking and problem solving in the developing world (Lesotho) has generated debate. The debate is centered on the acceptability of HFS, its effectiveness as a learning strategy compared to its high cost, especially in resource limited settings. Its acceptability in the developing world to date is mixed, affecting its ultimate utilization. Therefore contextual differences between developing and developed countries suggest that research findings on the evaluation of acceptability of HFS in the two places could be different. Additionally, health sciences education is a highly complex discipline with huge differences in practices within and across classes, schools, sites and countries, making it difficult to generalize findings from other settings to the setting of Lesotho. Aim The purpose of this study was to explore third year diploma in nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of HFS use in learning nursing skills. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was utilized to investigate HFS use at a school of nursing. Sixteen participants took part in three separate focus group discussions in two groups of five, and one group of six participants. The data was analyzed thematically. Results Students had mixed perceptions, positive and negative, based on the nature of their experiences which were both fulfilling and frustrating. This study revealed five key themes that shaped students experiences, hence perceptions of using HFS in learning. The themes are authentic learning environment, unique learning opportunities, access, contextual factors and transfer of skills. Discussion Student nurses had both positive and negative experiences of using HFS in learning. They believe that HFS is a valuable learning strategy but that it needs to be better utilized. Student nurses perceive HFS as providing an authentic learning environment which allows learning of complex skills like critical thinking and problem solving. On the other hand, they believe that learning can be improved if HFS is more accessible for use by students and if supervisors are adequately trained and students are better oriented on the use of HFS in learning. Conclusions HFS is viewed as an effective learning strategy among nursing students in resource limited settings, although there in need to improve its utilization for better learning experiences and outcomes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding en Agtergrond Hoëtrou-simulasie (HTS) verwys na ’n pop wat gemodelleer is om ’n mens te verteenwoordig en geprogrammeer is om fisiologiese funksies soos tasbare polse, stemme en abdominale klanke te lewer deur rekenaar-koppelvlakke. Onlangse bekendstelling van HTS in die aanleer van verpleegvaardighede soos kritiese denke en probleemoplossing in die ontwikkelende wêreld (Lesotho) het debat laat ontstaan. Die debat sentreer om die aanvaarbaarheid van HTS en sy effektiwiteit as ’n leerstrategie in vergelyking met sy hoë koste, veral in hulpbronbeperkte omgewings. HTS se aanvaarbaarheid op verskillende plekke in die ontwikkelende wêreld tot op datum is gemeng, wat die uiteindelike gebruik daarvan raak. Daarom dui kontekstuele verskille tussen ontwikkelende en ontwikkelde lande aan dat navorsingsbevindings oor die beoordeling van aanvaarbaarheid van HTS in die twee omgewings kan wissel. Bykomend is opleiding in die gesondheidswetenskappe ’n uiters komplekse dissipline met groot verskille in praktyke binne en oor klasse, skole, omgewings en lande, wat dit moeilik maak om bevindings van ander omgewings tot die omgewing van Lesotho te veralgemeen. Doel Die doel van hierdie studie was om derdejaar-diplomaverpleegstudente se persepsies en ervarings van die gebruik van HTS vir die aanleer van verpleegvaardighede te ondersoek. Metodes ’n Kwalitatiewe gevallestudieontwerp is benut om die verskynsel van HTS by Paray Verpleegkundeskool te ondersoek. Sestien deelnemers het aan die verskillende fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem in twee groepe van vyf, en een groep van ses deelnemers. Die data is ontleed met die gebruik van die konstante vergelykingsanalise-model. Resultate Studente het gemengde waarnemings, positief en negatief, ervaar, gebaseer op die aard van hul ondervindings wat sowel vervullend as frustrerend was. Hierdie studie het vyf sleuteltemas geopenbaar wat studente se ondervindings, en sodoende hul waarnemings van die gebruik van HTS in opleiding gevorm het. Die temas is outentieke leeromgewing, unieke leergeleenthede, toegang, kontekstuele faktore en oordrag van vaardighede. Bespreking Studentverpleegsters aanvaar die gebruik van HTS om verpleegvaardighede te leer. Hulle glo dat HTS ’n waardevolle leerstrategie is, wat egter beter benut moet word. Studentverpleegsters beskou HTS as ʼn verskaffer van ʼn outentieke leeromgewing wat die aanleer van komplekse vaardighede soos kritiese denke en probleemoplossing toelaat. Aan die ander kant glo hulle dat opleiding verbeter kan word indien HTS meer toeganklik is vir gebruik deur studente en indien toesighouers voldoende opgelei is en studente beter voorgelig word in die gebruik van HTS as opleidingsmiddel. Gevolgtrekkings HTS is ʼn aanvaarbare leerstrategie onder verpleegstudente in omgewings met beperkte hulpbronne, hoewel daar ʼn behoefte is om die benutting daarvan vir beter leerervarings en uitkomstes te verbeter.

L’amélioration du raisonnement clinique (RC) est un enjeu essentiel pour la Médecine de demain car il est établi que son utilisation imparfaite conduit à des résultats de soins insuffisants. Le RC est un processus cognitif complexe. Cette activité intellectuelle synthétise l’information obtenue à partir de la situation clinique et l’utilise pour faire une analyse diagnostique et prendre une décision de prise en charge du patient en intégrant les connaissances et expériences antérieures. La formation à cette compétence est donc essentielle. Pour améliorer le raisonnement, une connaissance des mécanismes qui le constituent est nécessaire et une revue de ces mécanismes constitue la partie initiale de cette thèse.La formation des professionnels de santé par la simulation se généralise avec pour objectif « jamais la première fois sur le patient ». En plein essor, le jeu sérieux (JS) représente un outil pédagogique intéressant. Une revue de la littérature sur l’efficacité des JS et plus particulièrement dans le cadre du RC est également incluse dans la partie initiale de cette thèse. Ainsi, les JS sont efficaces et peuvent, entre autres, cibler certaines compétences dont le RC. Cependant, la plupart des études sur le RC dans le cadre des JS, restent subjectives avec des évaluations qualitatives ou des autoévaluations des apprenants ou concernent uniquement le résultat (prise de décision). Par conséquent, la valeur éducative et les modalités des JS dans la formation du RC restent à approfondir.Le JS LabForGames Warning a été développé dans le centre de simulation LabForSIMS pour les étudiants infirmiers et cible la détection de l’aggravation d’un patient et la communication. Cette thèse a pour objectif de tester un mode d’apprentissage utilisant la simulation par les JS afin d’améliorer le RC chez les professionnels de santé.Une 1ère étude a évalué la validité du JS LabForGames Warning selon le cadre théorique proposé par Messick. Elle a démontré que les scores et le temps de jeu ne pouvaient pas différencier le niveau des compétences cliniques des infirmiers.Cependant, les preuves de validité étaient obtenues pour le contenu, le processus de réponse et la structure interne. Même si cette version du jeu ne peut donc pas être utilisée pour une évaluation sommative des étudiants, notre étude montre que ce JS est bien accepté par les étudiants et qu’il peut être utilisé pour la formation au sein d’un programme éducatif.Une seconde étude a évalué l’efficacité de 2 modalités pédagogiques sur l’apprentissage du RC à la détection de l’aggravation clinique d’un patient en comparant un groupe d’étudiants infirmiers formé par simulation avec LabForGames Warning par rapport à un groupe formé par un enseignement traditionnel. Le RC a été évalué par les tests de concordance de script immédiatement et 1 mois après. Cette étude multicentrique randomisée a inclus 146 étudiants infirmiers volontaires. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée sur le RC entre la formation par la simulation avec JS et l’enseignement traditionnel. Cependant, la satisfaction et la motivation étaient meilleures avec l’enseignement par simulation.En conclusion, nous avons tout d’abord confirmé la validité du JS LabForGames Warning en tant qu’outil pédagogique à visée formative et non sommative. Puis, bien qu’aucune différence d’apprentissage du RC n’ait été observée entre la formation par la simulation avec JS et l’enseignement traditionnel, la satisfaction et la motivation étaient meilleures avec l’enseignement par simulation avec le jeu. Les études sont à poursuivre pour préciser les modalités et stratégies pédagogiques des JS dans la formation des professionnels de santé, comme par exemple la place du débriefing, le rôle de la motivation. En effet, en plein essor, les développements technologiques telle que l’intelligence artificielle vont transformer la formation au RC ainsi que les outils pédagogiques disponibles dans les années à venir
Improvement of clinical reasoning (CR) is a key issue for the future of medicine because it has been established that imperfect reasoning leads to insufficient care results. CR is a complex cognitive process which synthesizes information obtained from the clinical situation, then uses it to make a diagnostic analysis and take a decision on patient management by integrating previous knowledge and experience. Training for this skill is therefore essential. To improve reasoning, knowledge of the mechanisms which build it up is necessary and a review of these mechanisms constitutes the initial part of this thesis.Training of healthcare professionals through simulation is becoming widespread with the objective of "never the first time on a patient". In rapid expansion, the use of serious games (SG) represents an interesting pedagogical tool. A review of the literature on the effectiveness of SG and more particularly in the context of CR is also included in the initial part of this thesis. Thus, SG is effective and may, among other things, target certain skills, including CR. However, most studies dealing with CR by using SG include qualitative assessments or self-assessments of learners or focus only on the outcome (decision making). Therefore, the educational value and modalities of SG in the training of CR of health professionals remain to be further explored.The SG LabForGames Warning was developed in the LabForSIMS simulation center for nursing students and targets detection of patient deterioration and the ensuing communication. The objective of this thesis is to test a learning mode using SG simulation in order to improve CR in healthcare professionals.The first study evaluated the validity of the SG LabForGames Warning according to the Messick’s Framework. This study showed that scores and playing time could not differentiate the level of clinical skills of nurses. However, evidence of validity was obtained for content, response process and internal structure. Although this version of the game cannot therefore be used for summative evaluation of students, our study shows that this SG is well accepted by students and can be used for training within an educational program.A second study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 teaching modalities on learning CR for the detection of clinical patient deterioration by comparing a group of nursing students trained by simulation with LabForGames Warning compared to a group trained by traditional teaching. CR was assessed by script concordance tests immediately and 1 month later. This randomized multicenter study included 146 volunteer nursing students. No significant difference was observed in CR change between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching. However, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation instruction.In conclusion, we have confirmed the validity of SG LabForGames Warning as an educational tool with formative and not summative aims. Then, although no difference in learning about CR was observed between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation teaching with the game. Further studies are needed to clarify the modalities and pedagogical strategies of SG in the training of healthcare professionals, such as the place of debriefing and the role of motivation. Moreover, technological developments such as artificial intelligence might transform CR training and the available pedagogical tools in the coming years

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
The aim of this thesis by publication was to design and evaluate a culturally appropriate, evidence-based assertiveness communication training program for Japanese nursing students. Five papers have been published in peer-reviewed journals and two manuscripts are undergoing review at the time of submission. A body of international research attests to the link between assertive communication and patient safety. The hierarchies and power differentials evident in traditional healthcare cultures can make it difficult for healthcare professionals to raise concerns about patient safety. In collectivist societies such as Japan, multiple cultural barriers make it particularly challenging for nurses and students to be assertive. An exploratory, sequential, mixed methods design with a three-stage approach was used in this study. The first stage comprised a systematic review of the literature to identify, appraise and synthesise the best available evidence concerning the effectiveness of assertiveness communication training programs for healthcare professionals and students. It identified key elements essential for effective assertiveness communication training programs. In the second stage of the study, Japanese registered nurses’ perceptions and beliefs about the relevance and use of assertive communication in healthcare were elicited using a series of interviews informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Twenty-three nurses participated, and the findings indicated that cultural barriers related to collectivism, hierarchy and power strongly influenced their beliefs about, and attitudes towards, assertive communication. In the third stage of the study, a culturally appropriate, evidence-based assertiveness communication training program, informed by Gagne’s instructional design principles, was designed, implemented and evaluated. The multi-methods training program emphasised the importance of patient safety as a motivation for speaking up when one has concerns. It included role-plays with realistic clinical scenarios and provided opportunities for students to practise using graded assertiveness tools. One-hundred and twenty-three third-year Japanese nursing students participated in the program. A quasi-experimental design, with two parallel groups, using the Japanese version of Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (J-RAS) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour: Assertive Communication Questionnaire (TPB-ACQ), was used to evaluate the impact of the assertiveness communication training program on students’ level of assertiveness and their intention to speak up. Participants in the intervention group had a higher mean assertiveness score than the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, a higher percentage of participants who attended the program demonstrated the intention to speak up, more positive attitudes towards assertive communication and higher perceived behaviour control scores than students who did not attend, but this result was not significant. The results of the Satisfaction with Assertiveness Communication Training Program Survey (SACTPS) indicated that all participants were highly satisfied with the program. The assertiveness communication training program developed during this study has the potential to improve nursing students’ intentions to speak up, particularly when working in traditional and hierarchical healthcare contexts. Given the compelling research about the importance of assertive communication in healthcare, the results of this study support continuing investment in, and ongoing evaluation of, assertiveness communication training programs for nursing students.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Clinical nursing faculty members often work with students who underperform in the clinical area. Underperforming students are those who exhibit deficits in nursing knowledge, the application of nursing knowledge, psychomotor skills, motivation, and/or interpersonal skills. The outcomes of faculty work with underperforming students have implications for patient safety and the nursing workforce, yet little is known about how faculty work with underperforming students. The purpose of this project was to develop a theoretical framework that describes how clinical faculty work with underperforming students in the clinical area. Twenty-eight nursing faculty who had worked with underperforming nursing students during clinical rotations were interviewed and invited to tell stories about working with these students. Their narratives were analyzed using constant comparison analysis, and a theoretical framework was developed. The framework included three stages that unfolded as faculty worked with underperforming students over time. The first stage, Being Present, was the process by which faculty came to know students were underperforming. They did this by noticing red flags, taking extra time with students, working side-by-side with students, and connecting with students "where they were at." The second stage, Setting a New Course, was the process by which faculty attempted to provide remedial experiences to improve the performance of those students determined to be underperforming. The participants did this by beginning a new course of instruction for the students, bringing in new people to help the students, and creating new learning experiences for them. This process could result in students turning it [their performance] around, making it through [the clinical rotation], or not making it. The final stage, Being Objective, was the process by which participants made negative progression decisions. They did this by relying on objective indices, documenting problematic student behaviors, and obtaining validation for their decisions.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, 2013.
South Africa is one of 12 countries where the under-five child mortality rate has increased. In response to this challenge, the WHO and UNICEF in the 1990s developed Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), a strategy to reduce child mortality and morbidity. IMCI training was launched in South Africa in 1998. Health care workers trained in IMCI face many challenges when applying the new integrated case management approach. Training settings tend to differ from the actual work environment. Simulation is practiced in an enclosed environment and certain assessments are not possible for example chest in drawing, level of consciousness, oedema amongst others. In South Africa, there has been limited research on IMCI in-service and pre-service training and no research has been conducted regarding the training of student nurses on IMCI and follow up of these learners in the clinical field. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IMCI training of learners in the use of IMCI Guidelines in the KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing (KZNCN). Methodology This study followed a descriptive quantitative approach and evaluates the training of the learners and the facilitation and training of lecturers with regards to IMCI in the KZNCN campuses. Data was collected using questionnaires for facilitators and learners on the three campuses. Results The findings of this study revealed that teaching and learning approaches used to facilitate IMCI were adequate except for clinical practice and theory which was reported to be insufficient.

Several factors can cause damage to the mental health of university students, e.g. academic adaptation, housing change, distance from family and friends, and dealing with stressors regarding new requirements, which need some resources to cope with such situations. The content of this book, from the Master's Dissertation developed by the authors at the Stricto-Sensu Psychology and Health Post-Graduation Program at the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, aims at describing the presence of mental disorders and demonstrating the implementation of a life-skills training in university students (Medicine and Nursing), randomly chosen in a teaching institution in a medium-sized city, interior of São Paulo state. The participants expressed high symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress in the initial evaluation, however, after the training of group life skills, they showed significant improvements with maintenance of these rates during the follow-up. This training can be stood out to improve the mental health and life skills of the students. It is likely that the intervention group may have helped these students to cope with negative pressures, avoiding risky behaviors, communicating effectively; moreover, coping with adaptations and changes in such academic process. It is worthwhile to point out that this study may encourage further research in relation to mental health and life-skills in university students, and that it will encourage the insertion of programs with these skills training, due to their effectiveness, low cost, the participants´ acceptance, improvement in mental health, and provide increasing academic performance.

This chapter details a collaborative teaching and learning evaluative project between Nursing and Midwifery, Pharmacy, and Medicine at Keele University to explore the development of team working skills (NOTECH) and debrief within an inter-professional active virtual learning environment (KAVE). The virtual ward and NOTECH training provided within the KAVE are thought to be the first of their kind within the UK. The project has recently been presented within Australia and Italy, and been very positively received. KAVE is a physical room where three-dimensional “stereoscopic” visuals display on three walls and the floor to create a computer-generated virtual environment. A student wears active 3D glasses and a lightweight head and hand-tracking device. The computer-generated visuals respond to position in the KAVE and allow the student to “pick up” and interact with digital objects such as care plans, prescription charts, observation charts, etc. The virtual ward is able to simulate observation and diagnostic skills training. ECG monitors' provide information regarding the status of each virtual patient within the ward. The virtual ward clinical simulation enabled the students to rehearse professional behaviours in a risk-free environment, whilst providing opportunities for non-technical skills practice prior to real-world patient encounters. Early evaluations received from students have been very positive.

In recent years, there has been a worldwide commitment to integrating technology into classrooms to train students in the computer skills they will need to be workforce ready. This chapter provides an overview of the Secret Agent Society – Whole of Class Project: a randomized controlled trial of a gaming-based social skills training curriculum that was conducted in Grade 5 classrooms throughout Australia. The chapter explores the content, structure, and delivery format of the social skills program, together with the design and implementation of an online teacher training course to accompany it. Teacher feedback on the online teacher training course is presented, together with recommendations for enhancing the design, implementation, and evaluation of future online professional development courses for school staff.

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study of student achievement directed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS was first conducted in 1995 and the assessment conducted in 2019 formed the seventh cycle, providing 24 years of trends in mathematics and science achievement at Year 4 and Year 8. In Australia, TIMSS is managed by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) and is jointly funded by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments. The goal of TIMSS is to provide comparative information about educational achievement across countries in order to improve teaching and learning in mathematics and science. TIMSS is based on a research model that uses the curriculum, within context, as its foundation. TIMSS is designed, broadly, to align with the mathematics and science curricula used in the participating education systems and countries, and focuses on assessment at Year 4 and Year 8. TIMSS also provides important data about students’ contexts for learning mathematics and science based on questionnaires completed by students and their parents, teachers and school principals. This report presents the results for Australia as a whole, for the Australian states and territories and for the other participants in TIMSS 2019, so that Australia’s results can be viewed in an international context, and student performance can be monitored over time. The results from TIMSS, as one of the assessments in the National Assessment Program, allow for nationally comparable reports of student outcomes against the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. (Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, 2008).