Journal articles on the topic 'Nursing services Saudi Arabia Administration'
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Madani, Khalid A., and Hamza Al-Abbasi. "Drug Administration in Saudi Arabia." Drug Information Journal 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286158602000114.
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Al-Awaji, Ibrahim. "Bureaucracy and Development In Saudi Arabia: The Case of Local Administration." Journal of Asian and African Studies 24, no. 1-2 (1989): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685217-90007222.
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This paper examines the role of the Saudi bureaucracy in development by focussing on local administration. It points to several shortcomings of the Saudi local administrative system, including diverse organizational structures, low educations qualifications of local public officials, imbalance between the executive authority and the assigned responsibilities of local agencies, a high degree of duplication, and lack of co-ordination of services. All of these constitute serious obstacles to the Saudi local administration playing an effective role in promoting socio-economic and political development. Despite these shortcomings, however, the Saudi local administrative system has been active in the dynamic development of the Saudi Kingdom. This active role has been strengthened by national development plans which emphasize the development of the Kingdom's geographic regions through the establishment of regional development centres.
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Youssef, Souhib Mohammed, Mohamed Saddik Zaghloul, Mohammed Fayez Ahmed, Abdul Nasser Ahmed Barmo, Asghar Mehdi Muhammed Mehdi, and Nazmus Saquib. "Assessment of handwritten prescriptions from Saudi Arabia according to international guidelines." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212097715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120977153.
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Objective: Prescription dispensing services are not digitalized in the majority of governmental hospitals and private clinics in Saudi Arabia, which makes them prone to error. We aimed to evaluate handwritten prescriptions in a region in Saudi Arabia for consistency and accuracy according to international guidelines. Methods: A sample of handwritten prescriptions (dated 2016 or 2017) from selected pharmacies in the Al-Qassim region (n = 556) were evaluated for missing information on items related to prescriber, patient, and medication according to the World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: We found that the prescriber’s name and contact information were missing in two-thirds of the prescriptions (66%). Patients’ addresses were always missing (100%). No prescription contained medication warnings; a majority lacked information on mode of administration (68%) and methods to avoid refilling (66%). Conclusion: Saudi Arabia should take a multipronged approach, including digitalization of prescription dispensing services, in both public and private health care facilities in order to reduce prescription errors.
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Pole, Maddi, Julie Blamires, and Annette Dickinson. "Improving the Time to Antibiotic Administration in Paediatric Febrile Neutropenia: Implementation of a Clinical Care Pathway in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i02.002.
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The aim of this quality improvement practice project was to improve noted delays in the time to antibiotic administration in paediatric febrile neutropenic patients seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Saudi Arabia. Larrabee’s 6-step Model for Change of evidence-based practice guided the project. Clinical audit, nursing knowledge survey, comprehensive literature and international clinical guideline review were used to identify and design a clinical care pathway for paediatric febrile neutropenic patients at KFSH&RC. Post-implementation clinical audit showed a reduction in time to antibiotic administration and increased self-efficacy and knowledge among nursing staff in relation to managing the care of febrile neutropenic patients. This reflects similar improvements seen internationally in other centres following the introduction of a clinical pathway. This nursing led practice change was the first of its kind for KFSH&RC. It demonstrated that with support from key stakeholders, Larrabee’s model for evidence- based practice change can be used for introducing a nurse-led clinical care pathway in Saudi Arabia. Highlights •A new clinical care pathway introduced in Saudi Arabia improved time to antibiotic administration in paediatric febrile neutropenic patients. •Implementing a nurse-led clinical care pathway increased nurses’ confidence with managing children with febrile neutropenia and the skills and knowledge related to the accessing and delivering medication via central access devices •With key local stakeholder support evidence-based change frameworks such as that proposed by Larrabee can be used to improve nursing management in Saudi Arabia.
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Helal, Sanaa Mohamed Aly, and Haga Abdelrahman Elimam. "Measuring the Efficiency of Health Services Areas in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Comparative Study between the Years 2014 and 2006." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n4p172.
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The study aimed to assess the efficiency of health services provided by the government hospitals in various districts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The number of beds at hospitals, doctors, nursing staff and paramedical categories were used as inputs for the model. The average productivity efficiency of government hospitals in the districts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2014 was 92.3%; whereas, the average internal production efficiency of these districts in the provision of health services through their respective hospitals was 94.7%; and the average external productivity efficiency in the different cities of the districts in Kingdom of the Saudi Arabia was 97.5%. It has been found that the average overall productivity efficiency was 90.2%, concerning the relative efficiency indicators of government hospitals, which were based on the hospitals’ distribution of Saudi Arabian districts in 2006. An analysis of the indicator showed that the average production efficiency of the services provided (internally) by the districts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 94.7%, and that the average of the external production efficiency for such services was 95.4%. The Data Envelopment Analysis is a successful technique in measuring the performance efficiency of hospitals and it also assists to identify possible improvement and reduction in cost.
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Alzahrani, Ahmed Ibrahim. "A periodical analysis of e-government maturity in Saudi Arabia." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-05-2021-0083.
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Purpose Governments of the developing countries must be ready to embrace the evolution of information technology. However, the growth in demand for online services and expectations for convenient access to government resources are placing governments under pressure to deliver outstanding e-services. Despite the successful attempts of the Saudi Government to deliver e-government services, the literature still needs to be advanced with evidence to demonstrate the current status of government websites. Additionally, the growth of e-government services should be periodically monitored and evaluated. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to revisit e-government websites previously surveyed (2006-2012) in Saudi Arabia and examine growth based on the five-stage maturity model. This study supports the approach with a review of the United Nations data and links this assessment with the five-stage maturity model. Findings The results revealed remarkable improvements in the maturity level of online services provided by the government websites of Saudi Arabia. Practical implications The relationship between e-government use and investment decisions appears to be bidirectional, as greater levels of investment seem to offer more opportunities for service improvement. Originality/value The outcomes are expected to assist executive authorities in understanding the current situation of e-government and plan appropriate strategic suggestions and development.
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Ali, Anis, and Anas A. Salameh. "Role of travel and tourism sector in the attainment of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia: An analytical study." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.23.
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Tourism is the main service industry significantly developing in the world. It is recognized as the critical factor in economic improvement in various countries. Saudi Arabia is one of the oldest and most famous spots for pilgrimage tourism due to its Islamic heritage. The study analyzes data available on the websites of the Saudi government to specify the contribution of travel and tourism revenue to the economy and its trend, occupancy of residential, and transportation capacity. A tourism satisfaction questionnaire was administered online to get the responses of Saudi nationals and residents related to tourism infrastructure, facilities, and other tourism services in Saudi Arabia. Ranks and percentage analysis were applied to get the relational satisfaction of tourists. Index numbers, ratios, percentages, and coefficient of variations were applied to get the trend, yearly fluctuations, variations, weights, and contribution of tourism avenues. There is a positive but low degree correlation between tourism revenue and the GDP of Saudi Arabia for the period from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate either negative or negligibly positive revenue growth of the accommodation/hotel services, food services, and air transportation. Two-thirds of tourists are either strongly satisfied or satisfied with essential and other tourism services and facilities in Saudi Arabia. Apart from tourist satisfaction, the Saudi government may consider a variety of services as per the economic level of the targeted tourists, and softening of visiting visa procedures and fees to enhance tourism revenue of major contributors for the positive and progressive development to the economy. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, for providing financial support to complete this project (Project No: 2020/02/16978).
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Al-smadi, Osama. "Evaluation of the Services Provided to Children With Cerebral Palsy From the Guardians’ Perspective." International Research in Education 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ire.v7i1.14207.
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The present study aims to evaluate the reality of the services provided to children with cerebral palsy from the guardians’ perspective and its relation to some relevant variables (i.e. branch of the association, educational level of the parents, monthly income, and number of years for receiving the associations’ services). The study was applied to the families of children with cerebral palsy in (10) centers of the Association of Disabled Children in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a tool for data collection was prepared and verified for validity and reliability. It comprised (47) items distributed to (6) domains. The results showed that the arithmetic means of the domains ranged from (0.65) to (0.84). While “the performance of the administration and staff” was ranked first with an arithmetic mean of (0.84), “the supporting services” domain was ranked last with an arithmetic mean of (0.65), and the tool’s arithmetic mean was (0.71). Additionally, there are no statistically significant differences for (the academic qualification of the father, academic qualification of the mother, average monthly income, and number of years for receiving the associations’ services) variables. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to improve the services provided to children with cerebral palsy in all domains, especially in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.
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Llego, Jordan H., and Mohammad O. Al Shirah. "Patient Satisfaction in Tertiary Private Hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 5, no. 1 (2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1074.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study is aimed to assess the level of satisfaction of patients in tertiary private hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This study used descriptive crosssectional design through a survey questionnaire. Results A great majority (57%) of respondents are male. Almost half (46.7%) of the respondents are 26 to 35 years old, some (30.3%) are more than 35 years old. The majority (54.5%) of hospitalized patients are married. Some (35.8%) of them reached the secondary level and some (31.5%) completed college. A great majority (57.6%) of the respondents’ salary was below 5,000 SR. A great majority pay their hospitalization by themselves (60.6%). Mean scores revealed: For facilities, the mean was 4.12, standard deviation (SD) = 0.85. For general services, the mean was = 4.13, SD= 0.77. The physician services scored mean = 4.06, SD= 0.88. The highest level of satisfaction according to mean is nursing services with mean= 4.22, SD= 0.80 and the lowest among the variables is convenience with mean= 4.05, SD= 0.84. The overall level of patient satisfaction with the services they received indicated by the mean is 3.91, SD= 1.1. Conclusion Researchers conclude that patients catered by the private tertiary hospitals in Najran Saudi Arabia are more of males, at middle adulthood, and are married who reached the secondary level and have an income of below 5,000 SR and have no health insurance. The level of satisfaction of patients in the private tertiary hospitals is satisfactory and that nursing service has the highest satisfaction level, which is very satisfactory. Clinical significance: The findings of this study are beneficial to the success of the organization. A patient who is satisfied will spread his experience to other people. A satisfied patient will also equate to return of investment. Meeting satisfaction of patients will also decrease the risk of malpractice lawsuits. Clinical significance The findings of this study are beneficial to the success of the organization. A patient who is satisfied will spread his experience to other people. A satisfied patient will also equate to return of investment. Meeting satisfaction of patients will also decrease the risk of malpractice lawsuits. How to cite this article Llego JH, Al Shirah MO. Patient Satisfaction in Tertiary Private Hospitals in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2017;5(1):42-46.
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Al-Sabhan, Turki Fahd, Norliza Ahmad, Irniza Rasdi, and Aidalina Mahmud. "JOB SATISFACTION AMONG FOREIGN NURSES IN SAUDI ARABIA: THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION FACTORS." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 22, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.22/no.1/art.1405.
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Foreign nurses face many challenges at the workplace which may affect their level of job satisfaction. High job satisfaction can ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality health services, while low job satisfaction may result in poor work quality and increases the likelihood of the nurses leaving the service. Therefore, ensuring high level of job satisfaction of the foreign nurses is important, especially in countries which heavily rely on their services, such as Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine job satisfaction level among foreign nurses in public hospitals in Hail City, Saudi Arabia, and the contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors to their job satisfaction level. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 foreign nurses in two large public hospitals in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were conducted. Most foreign nurses had moderate job satisfaction level. There is significant and positive relationship between three components of intrinsic motivation namely autonomy, mastery, and purpose, and three components of extrinsic motivation which were pay, promotion, and operating conditions, with job satisfaction level. Job satisfaction among foreign nurses in the public hospitals is still not optimal. It is imperative for nursing managers, hospitals directors, and policy makers to focus on the significant intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors in formulating tailored actions to improve foreign nurses’ job satisfaction.
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Caswell, Angela, and Joyce Kenkre. "Primary Healthcare in Saudi Arabia: An Evaluation of Emergent Health Trends." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-20-33.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is experiencing an increasing demand for healthcare due to a growing population and unhealthy changes in lifestyle, fostering the need for critical examination of the current status of primary healthcare in the KSA with analysis of health-related trends among its growing population. Methods A review of the literature was therefore undertaken, followed by a survey of primary healthcare centers at three facilities in Riyadh, to assess the current activities, understand challenges, compare existing practices with international best practices, and asses the level of patient satisfaction. The level of satisfaction with primary care services was examined by using observational surveys and retrospective reviews from the previous 20 years. Results The more rural areas with populations with lower education and income ranked factors such as cleanliness, competence of staff, and environment the highest (82–95%), whereas urban areas with populations with higher education and income rated their level of satisfaction lower (74–82%). The influence of population diversity and the country's unique cultural sensitivities on the awareness and uptake of cancer surveillance services available in the community was examined. The incidence of diabetes, asthma, obesity, along with breast and cervical cancer trends, has illustrated the importance of health education and disease prevention. Conclusion An investment in resources for primary healthcare staff and medical facilities is strongly recommended to support primary care providers in becoming the accepted and preferred community frontline for healthcare needs' assessment and care delivery. With its nursing staff comprised predominantly of expatriates, the emphasis needs to be on recruitment and training of a Saudi national workforce in line with succession planning strategy toward a sustainable Saudi workforce.
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Aqeeli, Amal, Alla T. Alsharif, Marc Tennant, and Estie Kruger. "School Dental Services Theoretical Model-Based on Geographic Information System in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia." Children 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020186.
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The study aimed to design a geographic theoretical model for school dental services (SDS) in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia (SA), using a geographic information system (GIS). The location of all primary public schools and the student population at each school were obtained from the General Administration of Education in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Region website. The geographic modeling for SDS was analyzed using GIS according to two models. A scenario was developed to simulate the demand for dental care for the two models based on schoolchildren’s estimated oral health profile. The areas with the higher number of schools; higher number of students; and dense child population as presented in the map suggest the future location of SDS. The total number of dentists required to work in SDS settings was 415 for the first model, and 277 for the second model. The suggested average number of dentists per district in the highest child population density districts is 18 dentists in the first model, compared to 14 in the second model. Establishing SDS is suggested as a solution to the persistently high prevalence of dental caries among schoolchildren in Al-Madinah and SA in general. A model was suggested for SDS with a guide of the proposed SDS locations and the number of dentists to hire for the services to meet the child population’s oral health needs.
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Altowairqi, Ahmed, Abdullah Althomali, Abdulrahman Althobati, Hind A. Almalki, Mohammad Al-Thomali, Khulud AlOsaimi, Marzokah A. Almalki, et al. "Assessment of the Medication Administration Errors in the Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A prospective Observational Study." Journal of Medical and Health Studies 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2023.4.1.1.
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Medication errors can occur at any of the three steps of the medication use process: prescribing, dispensing and administration. Drug administration errors were the second most frequent type of medication error, after prescribing errors, but the latter were often intercepted; hence, administration errors were more probably to reach the patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency and types of drug administration errors in a Taif hospital ward. Prospective study based on a disguised observation technique in nine wards in a general hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia (800 beds). A pharmacist accompanied nurses and witnessed the preparation and administration of drugs to all patients during the three drug rounds on each of six days per ward. The main outcomes were the number, type and clinical importance of errors and associated risk factors. The drug administration error rate was calculated. Relationships between the drug dose frequency, dosage form and types of medication administration error were measured. A total of 7105 medications administered by 250 nursing staff members to 700 patients were observed. Observers intervened in seven administrations. There are 1769 medication administration errors confirmed. The most common medication administration errors were drug preparation error (40.56%, n =727) then, improper dose error (18.58%, n=333); the most common drug class error was Antibiotic (38.9%, n =399) then Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (17%, n =176). The most drug dose frequency had Drug preparation error was seen in a drug used three times a day by 484. MAEs were more likely to occur in the evening shift compared to the morning and afternoon shifts. The study indicates that the frequency of drug administration errors in developing countries such as Malaysia is similar to that in developed countries.
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Alkhatieb, Maram, Hassan Abdulwassi, Anas Fallatah, Khalid Alghamdi, Wid Abbadi, and Rozan Altaifi. "Knowledge of Diabetic Foot Among Nurses at a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Medical Archives 76, no. 3 (2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.190-197.
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Background: Diabetic foot is the leading cause of hospitalization among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Nurses have a significant role in helping diabetic foot patients by educating them about their condition. Therefore, assessing the knowledge of diabetic foot among nurses will help provide better healthcare services to these patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of diabetic foot care among the nursing staff at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from March to May 2020. A total of 172 nurses from different departments of the hospital were randomly selected. A validated questionnaire including 68 yes-or-no questions about diabetic foot management was used for the assessment. Results:The average total score of the entire questionnaire was 59 (standard deviation, ±7). During our study, the nursing school curriculum was found to be the major source of knowledge for nurses. Statistical significance (p=0.031) was found for the association between educational background and answers to the risk factor questions. According to our results, most nurses indicated that they believed that reporting any changes to the feet and toes and signs of infection to the physician was the best way to prevent the development of DM foot. Conclusion: Specialized training programs beyond basic nursing education will reinforce knowledge and skills, resulting in an expected lower risk of amputation for DM patients.
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Al Mutair, Abbas, Mohammed I. Al Bazroun, Eman M. Almusalami, Faiza Aljarameez, Amal I. Alhasawi, Fatimah Alahmed, Chandni Saha, Hanan F. Alharbi, and Gasmelseed Y. Ahmed. "Quality of Nursing Work Life among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study." Nursing Reports 12, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 1014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12040097.
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Background: Quality of working life (QWL) is a multidimensional concept that describes an employee’s satisfaction with several work life elements. Quality of nurse working life is considered as a stepping stone for health services improvement, as it affects job satisfaction which, in turn, affects the performance of nurses. Understanding and investigating the nurses’ quality of work life in Saudi Arabia is needed for improvement actions. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the quality of nursing work life (QNWL) among nurses working in Saudi Arabia and to determine the association between demographic variables and quality of work life among nurses. Methods: It was a cross-sectional design using Brooks’ quality of nursing work life survey. It was distributed among nurses over the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: There were 860 nurses participating in the study. The mean total score for the participants was 174.5+/− 30.3, indicating moderate to high QNWL. The highest score achieved by the nurses was for the work world context (4.29) while the lowest score was for work design dimension (3.92). The study revealed that nationality, income, and shift duration, having a dependent person, and having family accompany the nurse as significant factors affecting the quality of work life among the nurses. Conclusion: A novel contribution of the current study was that the demographic characteristics of the participants, including nationality, income, having family accompany the nurse, having an independent child, or spouse or parents, and shift duration, tended to have a statistically significant correlation with QNWL. The comprehensive results of this study have practical implications whereby authority bodies can create regulatory plans for enhancing satisfaction and performance over the sole utilization of job satisfaction measurements and can thereby improve nurses’ retention and turnover rates.
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Alhowaymel, Fahad, Mohammed A. Abdelmalik, Almoez M. Mohammed, Mohamaed O. Mohamaed, and Atallah Alenezi. "Reported Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." SAGE Open Nursing 8 (January 2022): 237796082211032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608221103208.
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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a major international crisis. Although vaccination is the only hope to end this pandemic, adverse effects attributable to vaccines are still being reported. Active surveillance is critical for generating near-real-time, high-quality evidence for potential safety hazards, allowing us to respond quickly to vaccination Purpose To investigate the prevalence of side effects following COVID-19 vaccination with Oxford–AstraZeneca among adults in northwestern Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional and community-based study performed among individuals who had received any type of COVID-19 vaccination. A convenience sampling method was used to collect data using an online survey. Results A total of 222 individuals responded to the survey, and the majority frequently reported both localized and systemic side effects after vaccination. The most reported side effects include pain at the site of injection, myalgia, headache, and fever. Some demographic factors were significantly associated with the reported post-vaccination side effects. Conclusion The most prevalent side effects experienced by individuals after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were determined in this study. Prior to the administration of a vaccination, counseling programs should be established to help people understand and deal with the possible side effects, with a special focus on demographic differences.
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Alqahtani, Mohammed, Linda Katherine Jones, and Eleanor Holroyd. "Organisational barriers to effective pain management amongst oncology nurses in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 1 (November 29, 2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n1p81.
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Cancer pain is a multi-dimensional syndrome with a combination of acute and chronic pain that causes physical, psycho-social, behavioural, emotional and spiritual problems resulting in adverse effects on patients’ quality of life. Nurses need to be well prepared with knowledge on pain assessment and management techniques in oncology units, due to their vital role in the decision-making process regarding pain management. However, limited research has been conducted regarding nurses’ barriers regarding pain management in oncology units, especially in Saudi Arabia. The overall aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ perceived barriers that hinder the delivery of effective pain management to cancer patients. Five focus group discussions were conducted using a purposive sampling of six to eight nurses in each group, with a total of 35 oncology nurses. The results of focus group analysis revealed two main thematic categories with associated sub themes, being nurses’ workloads, and the absence of health team collaboration. This study provides an increased awareness of the barriers that may hinder the efficacy of pain management provided to cancer patients in Saudi Arabia context. Significant implications will benefit nursing practice, administration and education, in addition to identifying potential future research.
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Elsamany, Shereef Ahmed, Mohamed Jafal, and Fayza Hassanin. "Pharmaco-economic assessment of subcutaneous compared to intravenous trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients: A single institution experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19409-e19409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19409.
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e19409 Background: Traditionally, trastuzumab is given through intravenous (IV) administration. Recently, subcutaneous (SC) trastuzumab formulation has been developed showing similar efficacy and safety with shorter administration time. This study aims to assess the pharmaco-economics of SC compared to IV trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated in a single institution in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We checked the average number of trastuzumab doses, both IV and SC, given per year in King Abdullah Medical City, Saudi Arabia. One-year pharmaco-economic analysis of either trastuzumab forms were performed separately. This analysis included direct medication price based on hospital purchasing in addition to costs of drug preparation kits, nursing administration utilities and staff working time, based on average duration of drug preparation/ administration in chemotherapy unit records. IV trastuzumab dose was calculated based on an average body weight of 80 kg. Results: On average, the total number of trastuzumab doses, both IV and SC, were 1000 doses per year. We calculated the overall cost of 1000 doses of IV compared to SC trastuzumab separately. The average costs of one dose of IV and SC trastuzumab were 2,099 and 1,619 USD, respectively. This is translated to 2,099,000 and 1,619,000 USD per year for IV and SC trastuzumab, respectively. Other costs of trastuzumab administration were 24,933 and 2,666 USD per year of IV and SC trastuzumab, respectively. IV and SC trastuzumab administration needed 2,000 and 83 working hours per year, respectively, resulting in 1,917 saving in nursing working hours per year. This is translated to 18,106 USD saving per year based on average nursing salary. IV and SC trastuzumab pharmacy preparation needed 333 and 33 working hours per year, respectively, corresponding to annual saving of 300 hours in pharmacist- working time and 10,106 USD of pharmacist salary. The overall cost of IV trastuzumab per year was 2,153,667 compared to 1,623,236 USD for SC trastuzumab which corresponds to 2,153 and 1,623 USD per dose for IV and SC trastuzumab, respectively. This is translated to 24.6% overall cost reduction with the SC formulation. Conclusions: SC trastuzumab is associated with favorable pharmaco-economic profile with considerable cost saving compared to the IV counterpart. This is coupled with significant reduction of administration time and improved convenience.
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Alyousef, Seham Mansour, Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi, Monirah Albloushi, and Thurayya Abduwahid Eid. "Perceptions of Media’s Contribution Toward Stigmatization of Mental Health by Saudi Arabian Nurses." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319855771.
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BACKGROUND: Public often obtains mental health information from mass media and Saudi Arabia is characterized by high media penetration. Fictional and nonfictional media dramatize, trivialize, and misrepresent characteristics and needs of clients who need mental health care and may create and reinforce existing stigma. This pattern of stigma may adversely affect mental health care clients, practitioners, education, and programs. Portrayal of mental illness and opportunities for care in Saudi Arabia need development. OBJECTIVE: This study examined Saudi graduate nurses’ perceptions of stigma created by mass media and influence on public perceptions of mental health issues and use of these views to formulate ways to effect changes in mental health care availability and delivery. METHOD: Participants included 18 graduate practicing female mental health nurses at King Saud University School of Nursing. Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews and analyzed using NVivo 10.1 software for thematic content analysis. RESULTS: The core theme that emerged was “stigma in media,” which in turn had five subthemes: (a) media portrayal, (b) mass media, (c) social stigma, and (d) mental health care services. CONCLUSION: This inquiry may be helpful in enabling development of stigma-reduction programs by shedding light on the role of mass media in forming normative behavior and attitudes toward mental illness in Saudi culture.
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Puteh, Prof Dr Sharifa Ezat Wan, Assoc Prof Dr Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, and Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Salem. "Evaluation of Patient’s Satisfaction Level with the Provided Healthcare in Primary Healthcare Centers in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i11/1249.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate patient’s satisfaction at primary health centers PHCCs in (Khobar, Jeddah, Riyadh, Jubail, Dhahran, Hail, Majmah, Abha, Baha, and Makkah) located in Saudi Arabia. The review finding shows that the highest overall satisfaction in Baha city (84.16%) followed by Majmah city with (81.7%), and the lowest overall satisfaction was the score (2.44) out of a maximum of 5 for Jubail city and Jeddah (2.45). Dhahran, Hail, Abha, Makkah, Riyadh, and Khobar were scored different scores; (3.66), (3.60), (57.7%), (70.1%), (64.2%) and (3.76). Nursing staff play a vital role in the satisfaction of patients in primary healthcare centers, including education, care and counselling, which is why all nursing staff should be skilled in clinical skills, level of education and interpersonal skills The highest domain of satisfaction was for nursing performance, and their treatment were found to be high (90.1%), but the lowest score was for the explanation of the medical conditions by the nurses, which could be due to language barrier. Medical care, laboratory services, and pharmacological services are other factors that may impact patient satisfaction with primary health centers. There are significant differences between Abha city (57.7%) and Baha city (84.16%) in south province in their overall satisfaction with Patient’s Satisfaction in primary healthcare centers PHCCs. And between Riyadh city (64.2%) and Majmah city (82.0%) in the middle province. In the eastern province, overall satisfaction for three cities Khobar city (3.76), Jubail city (2.44), and Dhahran city (3.66). The western province, overall satisfaction for two cities, Makkah city (70.1%), and Jeddah city (2.45). One city for north province Hail city (3.60). For comparison, the highest overall satisfaction in this study was Baha city (84.16%) located in south province, and the lowest one was Jubail city with score (2.44) out of 5.
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Alsufyani, Abdulaziz M., Ahmad E. Aboshaiqah, Mahaman L. MOUSSA, Omar G. Baker, and Khalid E. Almalki. "Competence of Nurses Relating Self-Directed Learning in Saudi Arabia: A Meta-Analysis." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 9 (July 29, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p145.
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Self-directed learning (SDL) has become important for medical students for developing their independent learning skills. This may help them in enhancing their sense of assertiveness and responsibility. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the competency based learning among the nurses as it is important to secure and promote the nursing services. The study has conducted a broad spectrum of research studies between the 10-year duration i.e., between the time-period of (2009–2018). The studies shedding light on details of the competence of nurses’ relation to SDL in Saudi Arabia were reviewed. The results have shown significant post-intervention enhancements with a pooled random-effects standardized mean difference of 0.81. The effect size of learning was higher as compared to the reaction with respect to the assessment level. It has also been shown that students with medium-competence simulation have higher effect size as compared to high-competence simulation and low-competence simulation.
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Al-Takroni, Hassan, Adel Al-Hindi, Kavija Joshva, and Awad Al-Harbi. "Job satisfaction among nurses in Al-Qassim hospitals and primary health care centers, Saudi Arabia, 2016." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.8864.
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Background: Job's satisfaction consists of a feeling of well-being, resulting from the interaction of several occupational aspects, and may influence the worker's relationship with the organization, clients and family. Hence, it becomes important than the quality of nursing care to reflect on this topic in depth. The current nursing shortage and high turnover are of great concern in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) because of its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of any health-care delivery system. Objectives: To assess the level of job satisfaction among staff nurses working in Ministry of Health(MOH) hospitals and primary health care centers (PHC) in Al Qassim region. To prepare and implement an action plan according to the findings from the study.Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional design is utilized in the current study. The study was conducted between 5542 nurses working in 20 hospitals and PHCs in Al Qassim region. Response rate is 18% and 1037 questionnaires were analyzed using factor analysis and correlation.Findings: Overall results show that the job satisfaction is found to be averagely satisfied. Accommodation level, administration, work condition, recognition, co-workers communications, educational activity, payment, vacation and leave are used to determine the job satisfaction. There is no correlation between demographic variables and job satisfaction among the staff nurses. Most of the staffs were not satisfied with the workload. Additionally, most of the nurses not satisfied with their weekly off, and they are not happy with their annual allowance.Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of the nurses participated in the study are averagely satisfied in their job. Therefore, the administration needs more interventions to build the satisfaction of staff nurse for better nurse retention.
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Alharbi, Alhanof F., Asma M. Almutairi, Abeer E. Alrasheedi, Abdulrhman Aldukhayel, and Sara M. Almutairi. "Attitudes toward breastfeeding practices among breastfeeding women in Buraydah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 8 (July 21, 2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20203119.
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Background: This study assessed the attitudes toward breastfeeding among mothers receiving healthcare services in Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCCs) in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. It also examined the association between the mothers’ demographic characteristics and breastfeeding attitudes.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. A purposive sample of 415 breastfeeding mothers who were receiving healthcare services from the selected PHCCs during the conduct of the study were recruited in PHCCs in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. A two-part self-administered questionnaire containing a demographic sheet and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) Arabic version was employed to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used accordingly in data analyses.Results: The overall mean score of the women in the IIFAS was 60.50 (SD = 11.08), with individual scores ranging from 17.00 to 82.00. This finding implies good attitudes toward breastfeeding. Mothers who were divorced/widowed (M = 63.75, SD = 5.20) had significantly better breastfeeding attitudes than married mothers (M = 60.24, SD = 11.38). Mothers who were not working (M = 61.41, SD = 10.03) reported more positive breastfeeding attitudes compared with working mothers (M = 58.36, SD = 13.02).Conclusions: The mothers reported good attitudes toward breastfeeding, but expressed poor beliefs in some areas of breastfeeding. The present findings have implication to medicine, nursing, and healthcare policies.
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Alwashmi, Ahmad H., and Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees. "Burnout and the Psychological Impact among Physiatrists in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 9621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189621.
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Background: Burnout is an emerging critical issue facing specialists and trainees in all disciplines and not particularly studied among physiatry specialists and trainees in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess physiatrist burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress during the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Saudi Arabia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: By distributing an electronic survey, the researcher assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Human Services Survey (HSS) in the midst of the curfew that Saudi authorities imposed. Participants: One hundred one participating trainees, specialists, and consultants. Results: Of the 101 study participants, the majority (73.3%) were between the ages of 24 and 34 years old, with the rest distributed within the age group ranging from 35 to 65 years old. Junior residents represented 34.7%, senior residents 22.8%, physiatrist specialists 26.7%, and consultants 15.8%. The sample included 55.4% males and 44.6% females; 64.4% of the participants were married, 29.7% were still single, and 5.9% were divorced. Among the total group participating, 25.7% were handling COVID-19 patients. In the total participant sample, 80.2% reported experiencing burnout, 10.9% experienced stress, and 22.8% and 6.9% experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion: Burnout in Saudi Arabia exists among more than two-thirds of practicing physiatrists in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R), and that did not appear to have a statistically significant influence on stress, anxiety, or depression (p > 0.05). The current COVID-19 global pandemic might escalate burnout and influence mental health outcomes. The healthcare authority and administration should take the lead in identifying the challenges, overcoming the obstacles, and optimizing clinician well-being, delivering up-to-date solutions, and promptly checking their effectiveness.
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Asif, Naheeda, Shaik Mohammed Asif, Dara Balaji Gandhi Babu, and Shefali Whagrey. "Assessing the Oral Health Awareness among the Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students in Abha, Saudi Arabia." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 4 (2014): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1292.
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ABSTRACT Background and aim Nurses have first level of contact with patients and their attendants. The services of nurses are also required in promoting the oral health knowledge among the general public. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the oral health awareness of all the final year undergraduate nursing students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A questionnaire based study was conducted in Abha, in which for a total of 204 final year undergraduate nursing students who gathered on the day of survey were given a self-administered questionnaire which included 26 questions and their knowledge and attitude toward dentistry was evaluated. Statistical analysis Data analysis was done using statistical package for social science (SPSS 12.0) software and Chisquare test was used to find the statistical significance among the variables. Results The results of the study indicate that the final year undergraduate nursing students have adequate basic knowledge regarding the oral cavity and the diseases pertaining to it, but they lack knowledge regarding the ideal brushing method, specialties in dentistry and their role. They have shown interest to improve their knowledge in dentistry by attending training programs and camps. Conclusion Nursing students have showed interest toward camps and clinical postings to improve there knowledge and serve the public. There exists a critical relationship between oral and general health, thus the education of healthcare workers and opportunities for cross-fertilization of ideas should be encouraged. How to cite this article Asif N, Asif SM, Babu DBG, Whagrey S. Assessing the Oral Health Awareness among the Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. World J Dent 2014;5(4):213-217.
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Alslamah, Thamer, and Adil Abalkhail. "The National Strategies for and Challenges in Infection Prevention and Control of the Healthcare System in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Review Study)." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081302.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) lead to considerable morbidity. Prolonged hospital HAIs, also known as hospital infections or nosocomial infections, refer to infectious diseases that occur within 48 h of hospital admission, within three days of discharge or 30 days after having received healthcare. A total of 39 government-owned hospitals with a total of 10,822 beds providing the majority (59.9%) of Saudi Arabian healthcare were analyzed. Medicare and Medicaid use hospital data to track hospital performance on matters pertaining to IPC. In addition, many hospitals have limited capacity with which to develop the core components required to build an effective IPC programme. Hajj has been associated with the increased prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. These factors include changes in human demographics and behaviour, the effect of new technologies and industries, an increase in international travel and commerce, and breakdown resulting from public health measures. Overall public health service expenditure originates from the administration and services that are provided free of charge to all Saudi citizens.
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Faisal, Kamil, Sultanah Alshammari, Reem Alotaibi, Areej Alhothali, Omaimah Bamasag, Nusaybah Alghanmi, and Manal Bin Yamin. "Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Centers Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063526.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating public health emergencies in history. In late 2020 and after almost a year from the initial outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), several vaccines were approved and administered in most countries. Saudi Arabia has established COVID-19 vaccination centers in all regions. Various facilities were selected to set up these vaccination centers, including conference and exhibition centers, old airport terminals, pre-existing medical facilities, and primary healthcare centers. Deciding the number and locations of these facilities is a fundamental objective for successful epidemic responses to ensure the delivery of vaccines and other health services to the entire population. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccination centers in Jeddah, a major city in Saudi Arabia, by using GIS tools and methods to provide insight on the effectiveness of the selection and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccination centers in terms of accessibility and coverage. Based on a spatial analysis of vaccine centers’ coverage in 2020 and 2021 in Jeddah presented in this study, coverage deficiency would have been addressed earlier if the applied GIS analysis methods had been used by authorities while gradually increasing the number of vaccination centers. This study recommends that the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia evaluated the assigned vaccination centers to include the less-populated regions and to ensure equity and fairness in vaccine distribution. Adding more vaccine centers or reallocating some existing centers in the denser districts to increase the coverage in the uncovered sparse regions in Jeddah is also recommended. The methods applied in this study could be part of a strategic vaccination administration program for future public health emergencies and other vaccination campaigns.
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Halabi, Jehad O., Margret Lepp, and Jan Nilsson. "Assessing Self-Reported Competence Among Registered Nurses Working as a Culturally Diverse Work Force in Public Hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 32, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659620921222.
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Introduction: Nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) represent a multicultural workforce who are educated in different countries from around the world. The purpose was to assess professional competence among a multicultural workforce of registered nurses in KSA in relation to individual and work-related factors. Method: The Nurse Professional Competence Scale was used in a cross-sectional design. Results: Registered nurses ( N = 541) reported highest scores for “nursing care,” and “value-based nursing care,” and lowest scores for “care pedagogics,” and “development, leadership, and organization of nursing care.” All CAs achieved 0.80 or more Cronbach’s alpha. Known-group validity was verified by comparing nurse managers and staff nurses competence in organization, administration, and leadership of nursing care ( p = .000). Discussion: There is room for competence development in care pedagogics, and development, leadership, and organization of nursing care. Assessing registered nurses competence is of importance for planning and implementing cultural congruent nursing care.
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Coltri, Marzia A. "A Reflection on the Importance of Philosophy and Ethics in the Gulf and in Saudi Arabia." Review of Middle East Studies 55, no. 1 (June 2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2021.35.
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This essay offers a critical perspective on the future of the Arabian Gulf universities with respect to the humanities and philosophy. Although higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia and some other Gulf countries have begun offering some philosophy courses, there are too few degree programs for the humanities and philosophy. Most Gulf colleges still do not offer a bachelor's or master's degree in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences (AHSS) based on the common assumption that the future is in STEM, and that degrees in engineering, science, technology, and medicine are more economically viable than their counterparts in the humanities. However, the latest results of the British Academy in its recent research report “Qualified for the Future: Quantifying demand for arts, humanities and social science skills” have shown that graduates in the humanities are more in demand in several areas of employment across the world. Key findings are that people who hold AHSS degrees have similar employability rates to those of STEM graduates. As a result, humanities and social sciences graduates work in a wide range of industries, including education, science and technology, public administration, national defense, financial services, and the media.
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Dhahir, Ghassan Tareq, and Wadhah Raheem Rahi. "The Partnership between the Public and Private Alternative or Supportive Iraq and Algeria as a Model for the Period (2004-2020)." Webology 18, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 1119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18i2/web18379.
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The study analysed the reality of partnership between the public and private sectors in Iraq and Algeria by highlighting the history of partnership in both countries and the legal legislation and the most important partnership contracts through existing investments. The study concluded that the reality of partnership in both alternatives is still weak and that most of the investments were not industrial. The task or the main sectors, but rather some public services administration projects, which may be covered by the state’s public institutions, in addition to the fact that the total existing projects are very little compared to some Arab countries that have come a long way in this harm, such as the UAE, Qatar and even Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Mutairi, Ahmed Ardini, Manal Massad Al-Mutairi, Mishaal Sunhat Al-Sahli, Khalid Bijad almutairi, Adel Ghazai Almutairi, and Madhawi saud almutairi. "Prevalence of Job Stress and Presenteeism among Nurses in Hospitals of Hafr Al-Batin City, Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i09.003.
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Currently, both job stress and presenteeism are critical problems. Job stress carries enormous costs for healthcare workers and nurses in terms of overall wellbeing, presenteeism, and turnover, which in turn affect the quality of patient healthcare services. The objectives of this research were to uncover the extent of presenteeism and job stress among nurses in hospitals in Hafr Al-Batin, a city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study sample included 146 nurses working in Hafr Al-Batin hospitals. Data were collected from May to June 2020. For analysis, the researcher used two tools, the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6). The data was subsequently analyzed by descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Study results showed that the mean values of job stress and presenteeism were both high. Furthermore, there was a relationship between the overall presenteeism and overall job stress experienced among staff nurses. The results of this research would aid both nursing administrators and hospital managers in designing effective strategies to reduce job stress and manage presenteeism among staff nurses in the hospitals of Hafr Al-Batin.
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Aldossary, Nahed Gassem, Dr Azra Fatima, and Zainab Qassim Aldarwish. "The Impact of Accreditation on Patient Safety and Quality of Care as Perceived by Nursing Staff in a Cardiac Care Centre in the Eastern Province, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 8 (August 23, 2022): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i08.002.
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Accreditation is one of the approaches to evaluate the quality of health care services, and it’s an essential requirement for the continuity of services. Nursing staff play a major role in the accreditation preparation, process and continuity. The study aimed to assess the nursing perception of the impact of accreditation on the quality of care and safety in a tertiary cardiac care center in the Eastern Province, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. A convenient sample of 56 nursing staff was included. The study tool was a self-administered online questionnaire. It consisted of four major sections with 20 subscales rated from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale. Nursing documentation, patient medication information, healthcare-associated infection, leadership and support sections are all included. The study findings indicated that nurses have a 94.6% positive perception of the impact of accreditation on the patient’s safety. This perception was measured in accordance with the items related to international patients’ safety goals. Higher agreement was found on the items of nursing clinical documentation and medication safety process. The study findings support the overall positive impact of accreditation. The study further recommends exploring the nursing perception of accreditation impact in different settings.
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Aldubayyan, Abdulaziz A., Erika Castrignanò, Simon Elliott, and Vincenzo Abbate. "A Quantitative LC–MS/MS Method for the Detection of 16 Synthetic Cathinones and 10 Metabolites and Its Application to Suspicious Clinical and Forensic Urine Samples." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050510.
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Background: Synthetic cathinones currently represent one of the most predominant (sub)-classes of new psychoactive substance (NPS) in illicit drug markets. Despite the increased concerns caused by the constant introduction of new analogues, these drugs are not commonly assayed in routine drug testing procedures and may not be detected in standard screening procedures. This study presents a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the detection and quantification of 16 synthetic cathinones and 10 metabolites in human urine. Methods: The method was validated for all analytes using published guidelines. The evaluated parameters achieved acceptable values according to the set criteria. Potential abuse of synthetic cathinones was investigated in suspicious urine samples from Saudi Arabia originating from workplace drug testing, pre-employment and Accident & Emergency (A&E). Such samples generated a presumptive positive immunoassay for amphetamine; however, they yielded a negative LC–MS/MS confirmation for this analyte, following the recommended cutoff values of Substance of Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) guidelines. Results: 5.8% of the analyzed samples were found to contain at least one target analyte, namely mephedrone and N-ethylpentylone, as well as their dihydro-metabolites. The results also revealed polydrug use with the synthetic cathinones being present together with other classical stimulant drugs. Conclusions: This is the first report of NPS use in Saudi Arabia with respect to designer stimulant drugs. Confirmatory urine analyses for suspicious stimulant use should extend beyond classical stimulants to cover a broad range of NPSs and their metabolites in order to report any otherwise potentially undetected/new analyte.
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Ghada Hamouda, Ohood Felemban, Rahmah Ali Hassan Al- Dhwan, Ghada Hamouda, Ohood Felemban, Rahmah Ali Hassan Al Dhwan. "Challenges and Factors Affecting Localization of Nursing Workforce at Saudi Arabia – A Scoping Review: التحديات والعوامل التي تؤثر على توطين القوى العاملة التمريضية في المملكة العربية السعودية – دراسة استقرائية." Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.r260821.
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The study aimed to identify the challenges and factors that affect the localization of the nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this objective, the study used the scoping review method through reviewing previous studies, where the number of studies reviewed reached (19) studies. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: there is a severe shortage of Gulf human cadres in the field of nursing, due to the low view of the profession, which prevents males and females from working in it. The mixing imposed by the necessities of the profession, and the possibility of the nurse providing services to male patients, which prompts the family not to enroll their daughters in this educational and career path. In addition, the study found that the low salary scale prevents engaging in the nursing profession. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including: educating citizens and spreading adequate awareness of the importance of the nursing profession in society, and changing the society's view of it. In additional to that, the need to develop local nursing competencies through holding training courses and workshops to compete with foreign competencies. also, the study recommended supporting and motivating students to enroll in nursing colleges in the Kingdom, and providing all logistical services from medical supplies, devices, equipment and materials for the health care system. It also recommended providing institutional support to nursing workers and persuading the administrative leadership and its commitment towards the localization of the workforce.
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Park, Mijung. "A Brief Review of Mental Health Issues among Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in the U.S." Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 5, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31372/20200504.1124.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief summary of mental health issues among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) communities in the U.S. APIs include individuals from Far East Asia (e.g., Korea, China), Central Asia (e.g., Afghanistan, Uzbekistan), South Asia (e.g., India, Pakistan), South East Asia (e.g., Thailand, Philippines), Western Asia (e.g., Iran, Saudi Arabia), and Pacific islands (e.g., Hawaii, Samoa, Mariana island, Fiji, Palau, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Tokelau islands, Niue, and Cook Islands). Collectively they speak more than one hundred languages and dialects. Such a diversity across the API community presents unique challenges and opportunities for research, education, and practice. The existing body of literature on mental health issues in API communities is marred by the lack of high-quality data and insufficient degrees of disaggregation. Such a knowledge gap hindered our ability to develop culturally and linguistically tailored interventions, and in turn, API communities have experienced mental health disparities and mental health services’ disparities. To move the field forward, future research effort with APIs should focus on articulating variations across different API subgroups, identifying what explains such variations, and examining the implications of such variations to research, practice, education, and policy.
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Alshaya, Dalal S., Hayat Alafari, Yaser Alnaam, Rawiah Alsiary, Abeer Alsofyani, Mashael Altoub, Talat Bukhari, et al. "Hematological and biochemical parameters among obese students at the PSAU, Alkharj, KSA." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 18, 2022): 1164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4860.
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Management of obesity represents a global problem that challenges the provision of healthcare services in most countries. Saudi Arabia ranked number 29 on a 2007 list of countries with 6% of its population being overweight (BMI > 25).In a university setting, we studied hematological parameters (including whole blood counts, haemoglobin and platelets), the presence of basophilia, iron levels and lipid profiles in obese students, and also in non-obese student controls. We found a significant increase in whole blood count in obese compared to healthy individuals, and also found a high level of basophilia compared to healthy controls. We also report that the obese student group suffered from low iron levels, and also a reduced total iron binding capacity, as compared to healthy controls. Levels of cholesterol and triglycerides was significantly higher in obese students compared to healthy controls. This study can be interpreted that universities across the Kingdom, and beyond, should consider targeting obesity management in their students to try to reduce the prevalence of obesity and associated disorders, and to support such healthcare programs by offering a variety of environmental, physical exercise and nutritional interventions.
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Abalos-Fabia, Russel Salvador, Shadia Mohamed Khadrawi, and Rosanta Oligan Ellasus. "Behavior, Awareness and Sensitivity of Healthcare Providers in a Multicultural Environment." Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 8, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v8i2.20698.
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Background: The healthcare workforce of Saudi Arabia is characterized by diverse cultural backgrounds as a consequence of employment of expatriate workers from various countries. The heterogeneity of both providers of health services and clients resulted to cultural barriers that affected the delivery care. It is paramount to evaluate the cultural competence of the healthcare providers (HCPs) to maintain quality holistic care. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the cultural diversity experience, cultural competence behavior (CCB) and cultural awareness and sensitivity (CAS) of HCPs in a hospital setting of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving survey of HCPs from medical, nursing and laboratory technology disciplines using the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) tool. Results: There were a total of 104 HCPs who completed the survey. The characteristics of the respondents resulted to a mean age of 38.7 ±10.4 who were predominantly Asians and nurses. The majority had working experience of 10 years and below, with more than half who had prior diversity trainings. Reported cultural diversity experience included all HCPs caring for Arab Middle Easterners and Asians and encountering at least one or more special population groups. There was an overall high cultural competence (5.28 ±0.46), high CCB (5.84 ±0.56) but only moderately high CAS (4.72 ±0.35). Significant differences were only identified between CCB scores and three demographic variables (racial/ethnic identification, area of discipline and years of experience). No significant result was found between CAS scores and demographic variables as well as between CCB and CAS scores. Conclusions: In spite of high CCB, the HCPs responded with lower CAS scores. Interventions should be initiated to increase CAS such as cultural diversity training and availability of cultural care resources.
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Alhowaymel, Fahad, Abdulaziz Abaoud, Abdullah Alhuwaimel, Atallah Alenezi, and Nahed Alsayed. "COVID-19 Patients’ Satisfaction Levels with Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Study." SAGE Open Nursing 8 (January 2022): 237796082210781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608221078163.
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Introduction COVID-19 is the most recent coronavirus diseases that was first identified in December 2019 and began its exponential spread globally. The critical role of nurses can be severely impacted during pandemics such as COVID-19 when the world is less prepared. Objective To investigate and measure COVID-19 patients’ satisfaction levels with the quality of nursing care provided in the Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods The study used a cross-sectional questionnaire to collect data from COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized or quarantined for at least 48 h or more. The study utilized the Arabic version of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ-Ar) to assess patients’ satisfaction levels with nursing care. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to examine the objectives of the study. Results Ninety-six patients reported relatively high satisfaction levels with the overall nursing care. Patients also reported high satisfaction levels with the provided care, and the information that was provided. There were statistically significant differences in the mean score of patients satisfaction in relation to age, educational level, where patients are originally from, and patients recommendation of the hospitals. Conclusions Individual characteristics and attributes played a role in the process of evaluating nursing care services. Measuring nursing care quality clarified the significant role of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable information that could help in identifying weaknesses and reinforcing strengths about nursing care to be fully prepared against pandemics and other health-related crises and emergencies in the future.
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Khan, Raja Muhammad Ishtiaq, Noor Raha Mohd Radzuan, Abdulmohsin Suliman Alkhunaizan, Ghulam Mustafa, and Imran Khan. "The Efficacy of MALL Instruction in Business English Learning." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 08 (August 2, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i08.9562.
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<p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>T</strong>he existing technological expansion has transformed pervasive revolutions in modern civilization, with continuing innovation of services and products. Nowadays people are having different channels of communication. Currently, mobile learning (M-learning) is being used extensively in teaching and learning foreign languages which further widens the mobility of learners. The usage of mobile instruction can lead learners towards a real interruption to learn effectively when used inappositely. The current study is an attempt to explore the potential usage of M-Learning in English for specific purpose (ESP) classes. For this intention smartphone were used in the ESP context for teaching Business English at the College of Business Administration at a public sector university in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed to 21 participants of the present study after a 5-week exposure to M-learning activities in the formal classroom. The findings revealed that ESP learners acknowledge M-learning as a prompt source of feedback in ESP. The results of this study also indicate that incorporation of M-learning in ESP learning with conventional classroom can support learners to develop their learning proficiency. Moreover, learners showed significantly positive attitude in mobile instruction in a formal classroom.</p>
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Tin, Derrick, Saleh Fares, Mobarak Al Mulhim, and Gregory R. Ciottone. "Terrorist Attacks in the Middle East: A Counter-Terrorism Medicine Analysis." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, no. 2 (March 3, 2022): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22000358.
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AbstractBackground:The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been, like many parts of the world, a hotbed for terrorist activities. Terrorist attacks can affect both demand for and provision of health care services and often places a unique burden on first responders, hospitals, and health systems. This study aims to provide an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related attacks in the Middle East sustained from 1970-2019.Methods:Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database search functions for all events which occurred in Iraq, Yemen, Turkey, Egypt, Syria, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, North Yemen, Qatar, and South Yemen from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Primary weapon type, primary target type, country where the incident occurred, and number of deaths and injuries were collated and the results analyzed.Results:A total of 41,837 attacks occurred in the Middle East from 1970-2019 accounting for 24.9% of all terrorist attacks around the world. A total of 100,446 deaths were recorded with 187,447 non-fatal injuries. Fifty-six percent of all attacks in the region occurred in Iraq (23,426), 9.4% in Yemen (3,929), and 8.2% in Turkey (3,428). “Private Citizens and Properties” were targeted in 37.6% (15,735) of attacks, 15.4% (6,423) targeted “Police,” 9.6% targeted “Businesses” (4,012), and 9.6% targeted “Governments” (4,001). Explosives were used in 68.4% of attacks (28,607), followed by firearms in 20.4% of attacks (8,525).Conclusion:Despite a decline in terrorist attacks from a peak in 2014, terrorist events remain an important cause of death and injuries around the world, particularly in the Middle East where 24.9% of historic attacks took place. While MENA countries are often clustered together by economic and academic organizations based on geographical, political, and cultural similarities, there are significant differences in terrorist events between countries within the region. This is likely a reflection of the complexities of the intricate interplay between politics, culture, security, and intelligence services unique to each country.
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Al-Hanawi, Mohammad, Talaat Shehata, and Omar Alsharqi. "The Role of Healthcare Sector in Crowd Management in Hajj and Umrah." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ss34998450.
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The aim of this research is to study the role of the health services sector in crowds management during the Hajj and Umrah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the Hajj and Umrah crowds represent pressure on all facilities in the cities of Makkah al-Mukarramah and Al Madena Al Monawara, including the facilities of the healthcare services. The crowds of pilgrims were expressed in the numbers of pilgrims during a time series (2010-2019), and the healthcare services sector was expressed in human and physical resources during the same time series (2010-2019). The growth function of variables over time was analyzed to analyze relationships for the variables, using Simple regression model, which is an exponential trend model. The most important results of the research were that the average growth rate in the number of pilgrims was -2.53% during the period (2010-2019), while the growth rates of the health care services sector resources during the period are much higher than the growth rates in the number of pilgrims. There was an increasing in growth of the number of hospitals at an average rate of 2.17%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of hospital beds at an average rate of 3.41%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of doctors at an average rate of 6.1%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of nursing staff at an average rate of 4.96%, There was an increasing in growth of the number of pharmacists at an average rate of 10.2%, and there was an increasing in growth of the number of health assistants at an average rate of 6.45%. It was possible to come up with a general conclusion that the health care services sector in the KSA is growing at faster rates than the growth rates of pilgrims, and therefore it is able to provide health services to crowds of pilgrims in the future with increasing efficiency.
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Khalil, Amal Ibrahim, Rawan Felemban, and Rawan Tunker. "Impact of an educational intervention in enhancing nurses’ knowledge towards psychiatric patients’ ethical and legal rights." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 10 (July 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n10p1.
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Background and objective: The management of psychiatric patients and the law of ethic already exists. Therefore, nursing ethics are necessary for psychiatric nurses since they are involved in providing services that impact human life. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program in enhancing nurses’ knowledge regarding their responsibilities toward psychiatric patients’ ethical and legal rights.Methods: A quasi experimental study design with one group pre/post was used with 30 nurses recruited conveniently from Psychiatric Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Nurses were questioned using 5 short answer questions, 11 multiple choice questions and the Structured Knowledge Questionnaire developed by Kumar, Mehta, and Kalra (2011).Results: A total of 30 nurses were recruited, with their age ranging between 25-54 years old; the majority (59.4%) were married, while 78.1% neither have psychiatric nursing experiences nor did they study ethics during their undergraduate years. The total mean score of pre-knowledge questionnaire was 27.2 ± 2.97 compared to 30.2 ± 2.40 in post assessment, with a significant difference between pre and post assessment. On the other hand, the total mean percentage of nurse’s theoretical background in pre assessment was 25% compared with 29% with no significant difference between pre and post interventions.Conclusions: Nurses’ knowledge was inadequate regarding ethical and legal rights. The current study findings evidenced the effectiveness of the educational intervention in changing the nurses’ knowledge significantly. Therefore, it is a necessity to ensure that nurses working in psychiatric hospitals have the necessary expertise regarding the legal and ethical issues involved with caring for psychiatric patients, to decrease the effects of malpractices and negligence in psychiatric nursing practice.
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Alhaddad, Areej M., Samah M. Sofar, and Aisha Alhofaian. "Self- Management practice Gaps among Patients with Hypertension in KSA: Narrative Review." Evidence-Based Nursing Research 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v3i1.186.
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Context: Hypertension (HTN) is identified as the most common non-communicable disease. HTN is considered one of the causes of premature mortality worldwide.
Aim: This review aimed to identify the HTN self-management practice gaps in the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia (KSA).
Methods: Search for the narrative review was conducted by using different electronic databases (e.g., Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Online, the Excerpta Medica dataBase, Elsevier’s Science Direct, ProQuest, the EBSCO library database, and PubMed through Saudi Digital, as well as an Internet search using Google Scholar), books and manual search of journals’ references lists to find relevant studies. Using title searching generated keywords from the research aim to identify self-management practice gaps among patients with HTN.
Results: The review demonstrates that there are HTN self-management practice gaps among patients in the KSA. Despite the knowledge and accessibility of effective drugs, there is low adherence to the recommended self-management practices.
Conclusion: The review indicates a lack of local data in self-management practice gaps for patients with hypertension in KSA. There is a need to develop an education program to improve self-management practice among patients with HTN. This review could improve the form of drugs taken, decrease the severity of side effects, and create safer health care services.
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Issa, Marwan Rasmi, Noor Awanis Muslim, Raed Hussam Alzoubi, Mu’taman Jarrar, Modhi A. Alkahtani, Mohammad Al-Bsheish, Arwa Alumran, and Ammar K. Alomran. "The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Pain Management Awareness among Nurses." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2022): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061047.
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Pain management, a crucial part of nursing care, is considered one of the most basic patient rights. To properly treat patients’ pain, nurses need a high degree of pain management awareness (PMA). The researchers hypothesized that nurses’ pain management awareness is affected by their emotional intelligence (EI). Purpose: Because there is a dearth of studies on this topic, the purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence and pain management awareness in a sample of nurses. Methods: The study employed a descriptive design with a quantitative approach to analyze data from a survey designed with the simple random sample technique. The questionnaires were completed by 330 nurses working at six governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V23) and Analysis of Moment Structures (V23) were used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires and analyze the causal relationships among the variables. Results: The results revealed a significant positive relationship between nurses’ emotional intelligence and their pain management awareness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that having emotional intelligence is an important nurse characteristic for effective pain management awareness and possibly the provision of pain management care. Clinical Implications: Hospital and nurse managers as well as administration should consider using the emotional intelligence variables utilized in this study to develop ways to improve pain management awareness among nurses. Such efforts may help improve hospital and patient outcomes related to pain management.
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Alshammari, Sultan. "Determining the Factors that Affect the Use of Virtual Classrooms: A Modification of the UTAUT Model." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 20 (2021): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4709.
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Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the factors that may influence the use of virtual classrooms. Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected and interrupted several aspects of our lives, including education. Most educational institutes and universities have changed their teaching mode from being face-to-face or fixable learning to ‘emergency remote education’. As a result, virtual classrooms were utilised in most of these universities to keep the continuity of teaching and delivering education to their students Methodology: Through an online survey, data was collected from 235 of the teaching staff at the University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS was applied to analyse the data and testing the hypothesis of the proposed model. Contribution: The study findings have a theoretical, methodological, and practical contribution in the area of virtual classrooms. In terms of its theoretical contribution, this research has enriched the literature on virtual classrooms. Most of previous studies used the basic UTAUT model or other models for different technology, such as LMS, Mobile Cloud Learning and social websites. Few studies have focused on virtual classrooms, and, based on the best knowledge of the researcher, this study is the first study that has extended and modified the UTAUT model by adding an external factor (mobility) with virtual classrooms technology. Thus, it contributes theoretically to IS acceptance literature in general, and to UTAUT models specifically. In terms of methodological contribution, this study assessed all latent constructs in the model in a different context (Saudi Arabia), and tested them through an advanced analysis technique, which some call a second-generation multivariate, by applying a two-step rule in AMOS (CFA and SEM). The CFA has shown solid results that can measure all constructs in the model after deleting a few items that show a low factor loading to the construct. According to Awang (2015), examining the construct, convergent and discriminant validities is essential during the CFA before moving on a step and analysing data using SEM. Thus, this study has validated all constructs and its items using CFA which can be further used in a different culture, specifically in an Arab culture, such as Saudi Arabia. Findings: The results showed that effort expectancy and performance expectancy are significant predictors of behaviour intention toward the use of virtual classrooms. However, in contrast of our expectation, social influence, facilitating condition and mobility were insignificant factors and had no influence on teaching staff’s behaviour intention toward the use of virtual classrooms. Recommendations for Practitioners: This research has made a practical contribution. The findings of this study showed which factors can determine the use of virtual classrooms. Decision makers and university organizations and administration can improve their virtual classrooms services based on the factors that determine their use. Taking care of that will lead to an increased use of virtual classrooms and lead to a successful use of virtual classrooms, which will result in huge benefits in applying virtual classrooms in the teaching process. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may develop different models and examine other factors to assess their influence on the usage of different technologies. Understanding the factors that may influence the usage of a technology leads to an increase in its usage and adoption. Impact on Society: This study may increase the usage of virtual classrooms among teaching staff by understanding and examining the factors that might determine the use of virtual classrooms. Future Research: Future studies could examine the moderation variables to establish their impact. This study relied on only a purely quantitative design study. Future research might employ a mixed method using both quantitative and qualitative designs to apply an interview after the quantitative study for a better insight and deeper knowledge as well as confirming the quantitative results.
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Alsanea, Rajaa, Wadood Mohammednour Tawfiq, Osama Abdulrahman Alswailem, Tariq Alali, and Abdullah Rashid AlBarkheel. "Transformation of dental services from a governmental model to a revenue-generation model of operation in a tertiary care hospital: a health economics assessment." Annals of Saudi Medicine 42, no. 6 (November 2022): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.351.
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BACKGROUND: Healthcare in Saudi Arabia is under transformation from a national free health service to a system paid either by insurance or governmental funds. This change will impact the model of operation including dental services. OBJECTIVES: Estimate the revenue of the Department of Dentistry based on an insurance-based billing system. DESIGN: Medical record review SETTING: An academic tertiary care hospital in Riyadh PATIENT AND METHODS: Data on outpatient visits for the period 2015-2019 was extracted from the electronic health records. The billing data was categorized by specialty and current procedure terminology (CPT) code. The revenue stream for each CPT code was estimated and compared between the actual cost of service for each CPT code billed price, and average price of the market leaders in private practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Revenue generated by the department. SAMPLE: 339 421 outpatient visits for 22 056 patients. RESULTS: Female and males made 179 555 (52.9%) and 159 858 (47.1%) outpatient visits, respectively. Outpatient divided by the age groups: ≤14,15-65, >65 years were 58 868 (17.3%), 251 552 (74.1%), 29 001 (8.5%), respectively. The visits divided by specialty were as follows: general dentistry 28.1%, pedodontics 12.5%, orthodontics 7.1%, endodontics 7.0%, oral and maxillofacial surgery 6.9%, prosthodontics 4.4% and periodontics 3.3%. Outpatient visits to the nursing clinic and hygienist amounted to 30.7%. The median number of visits per patient per year was 5 (range, 1-63), which increased to 6 (range, 1-110) in 2019. The annual revenue plateaued in 2019 at 13 983 538 SAR (3 728 943 USD) with only a 2.2% of increase from 2018. Out of 292 CPT codes, 44.8% were priced below the actual cost. Moreover, 28.4% showed pricing below actual cost, but higher than the price of the market leaders. There was an annual loss of revenue of 10.1% due to incorrect pricing of CPT codes. Average productivity of the dentist and hygienist amounted to 2263 and 760 visits per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for improvement in delivery of care, cost-containment, productivity and amendment of charge description master pricing. LIMITATIONS: The sample did not include data from the period 2020-2022 due to the restriction of dental services due to the COVID-19 epidemic. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Abdullah, Nibras, Ola A. Al-wesabi, Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed, Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi, Meshari Alazmi, Mohammad Alsaffar, Mahmoud Baklizi, and Putra Sumari. "IoT-Based Waste Management System in Formal and Informal Public Areas in Mecca." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013066.
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Urban areas worldwide are in the race to become smarter, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is no exception. Many of these have envisaged a chance to establish devoted municipal access networks to assist all kinds of city administration and preserve services needing data connectivity. Organizations unanimously concentrate on sustainability issues with key features of general trends, particularly the combination of the 3Rs (reduce waste, reuse and recycle resources). This paper demonstrates how the incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) with data access networks, geographic information systems and combinatorial optimization can contribute to enhancing cities’ administration systems. A waste-gathering approach based on supplying smart bins is introduced by using an IoT prototype embedded with sensors, which can read and convey bin volume data over the Internet. However, from another perspective, the population and residents’ attitudes directly affect the control of the waste management system. The conventional waste collection system does not cover all areas in the city. It works based on a planned scheme that is implemented by the authorized organization focused on specific popular and formal areas. The conventional system cannot observe a real-time update of the bin status to recognize whether the waste level condition is ‘full,’ ‘not full,’ or ‘empty.’ This paper uses IoT in the container and trucks that secure the overflow and separation of waste. Waste source locations and population density influence the volume of waste generation, especially waste food, as it has the highest amount of waste generation. The open public area and the small space location problems are solved by proposing different truck sizes based on the waste type. Each container is used for one type of waste, such as food, plastic and others, and uses the optimization algorithm to calculate and find the optimal route toward the full waste container. In this work, the situations in KSA are evaluated, and relevant aspects are explored. Issues relating to the sustainability of organic waste management are conceptually analyzed. A genetic-based optimization algorithm for waste collection transportation enhances the performance of waste-gathering truck management. The selected routes based on the volume status and free spaces of the smart bins are the most effective through those obtainable towards the urgent smart bin targets. The proposed system outperforms other systems by reducing the number of locations and smart bins that have to be visited by 46% for all waste types, whereas the conventional and existing systems have to visit all locations every day, resulting in high cost and consumption time.
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Mohammed, Amna Abdullah, and Syed Zamberi Ahmad. "Café2Go: a struggle to build a local brand and stay ahead." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2019-0023.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to enable the learners to understand advantages and disadvantages of franchises in the company; to understand the strength and weakness points of Café2Go, its underlying strategy and what makes the company a unique outlet; to acquire a better understanding on the key challenges or dilemmas that Café2Go faces and to provide recommendations to address such dilemmas; to evaluate innovative marketing plans that would aid in expanding Café2Go internationally; and to understand cause-effect analysis of project management and the reason for the increase in the operationalization cost on Café2Go. Case overview/synopsis This case study presents the story of Jassim Al-Bastaki who was once rejected as a franchisee and later managed to be a pioneering franchiser in the UAE. The case aims to highlight the new coffee products and distribution methods Al-Bastaki used to compete in the over-saturated coffee market in Dubai. Al-Bastaki distinguished the first Café2Go by offering camel products in a mobile truck. It was the first “café-on-wheels” in the UAE, and it marketed the slogan of “wherever you are”. This case study discusses the challenges the project faced while marketing the unpopular, salty drink camel milk and issuing the necessary licenses for the coffee truck. The case study also elaborates on the innovative strategies Al-Bastaki used to convince customers of the health benefits of camel milk, to serve camel milk in appealing forms such as milkshakes and to replace the banned mobile truck with kiosks, cubicles, mobile trolleys and free phone call services. The case study also aims to highlight the obstacles associated with the franchise model and to reveal how Al-Bastaki overcame such challenges, using the franchise model, to expand Café2Go beyond the UAE. What started as a mobile coffee truck in 2009, in Dubai, has changed into an expanding business in Qatar, Libya, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Spain (Masudi, 2013). Complexity academic level The case study is relevant for undergraduate and post-graduate management degrees, and specifically business administration, entrepreneurship, small business management courses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship
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Jamil, Muhammad, Salman Shahzad, Shahbaz Hussain, Hamza Ali Bukhari, and Anwar Ul Huda. "Comparison of Manual Mode With Automatic Gas Control Mode for Sevoflurane Consumption in Maquet Flow-I Anesthesia Machine." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161015.
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Background: Inhalational anesthetic agents used for general anesthesia can have adverse effects on operation theater staff and environment. The innovative automated gas controller reduces inhalational anesthesia agent consumption. Aim: To compare sevoflurane consumption in manual mode versus automatic gas control (AGCTM) mode on Maquet Flow-i anesthesia machine in adult laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: This study was a randomized control trail conducted at Department of anesthesia, Security Forces Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2019 till December 2020. Sixty patients were randomly divided into two Groups A (Automatic Gas Control, AGCTM) and Group B (Manual Mode). Sevoflurane consumption and sevoflurane consumption rate was calculated in both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.20. Results: Two groups were comparable in term of age, gender, and comorbidities. The mean sevoflurane consumption rate in group A was 23.92+4.6 as compared to 40.23+4.4 in group B (P=0.001). Similarly sevoflurane consumption rate is also statistically significant. (0.28 + 0.04 ml/min vs 0.47 + 0.02 ml/min, p=0.001) Conclusion: Sevoflurane consumption and sevoflurane consumption rate is lower in AGCTM mode as compared to manual mode of Maquet Flow-I anesthesia machine. Keywords: Sevoflurane, Maquet Flow-i, Automatic Gas Controller (AGCTM), Laparoscopic Surgeries
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Ramadugula, Venkata Subramanyam, Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari, Hazem Tarek Rashed, Rakan Rafdan Alhujhuj, Essa Yousef Al-Abdullredha, and Hesham Hamad Al-Shuaibi. "Oral Manifestations of Patients Diagnosed with Dermatological Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Province, KSA." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161085.
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Background: It is not unusual for oral manifestations to occur in dermatological diseases. The aim of this study was to observe and evaluate oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with dermatological diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a convenient sampling technique was conducted among patients with dermatological conditions who visited the polyclinic of King Faisal University Polyclinic of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from Sep-Nov 2021. Results: Sixty-one percent were females, 50% were aged >30 years, 77% had higher education, 61% were unemployed, 82% were non-smokers, and 20% had some medical conditions. 14.5% suffered from immune-mediated skin disease, 25.3% had eczema, 21.7% showed dermatitis infections, 3.6% had Genodermatosis, 9.6% were with psoriasis and other keratinizing disorders, and 25.3% had miscellaneous skin conditions. 85.5% of skin patients did not have any oral manifestations; oral lesions were of perioral dermatitis (1.2%), melanotic macule (1.2%), fissured tongue (2.4%), oral lichen planus (2.4%), mucocele (2.4%), and one case of each with geographic tongue, herpes labialis, and hairy tongue. Practical ImplicationsThis study highlights the importance of integration of oral health into general health for management of oral diseases associated with other body diseases. Conclusion: The majority of the patients in this study sample with skin diseases did not show any oral manifestations. More females and aged patients had more skin conditions. Keywords: Prevalence, Oral manifestations, Dermatological conditions, Cross-sectional study