Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nursing Japan'

Although skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders are believed to be common among nursing home workers, to date there have been no coordinated international studies of these occupational issues. Therefore, it was considered appropriate to conduct one of the first cross-cultural investigations of occupational dermatology and ergonomic complaints among nursing home workers in Australia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan using a standardised methodology. This thesis documents a 4-year investigation of skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders conducted among 465 nursing home staff in Australia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Skin diseases were diagnosed by specialist physicians during medical examinations, while information on musculoskeletal disorders was collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire. There were major differences in both the location and type of skin disease between the 4 groups. Overall, the Australian group suffered a generally higher prevalence of skin disease than in the other three countries investigated, most likely due to their significantly higher rate of sun-induced skin damage. The high prevalence of cutaneous fungal disease seen within the Taiwanese subjects most probably arose from the comparatively higher temperature and relative humidity of Taiwan. Other potentially important skin disease risk factors included previous skin disease and a history of allergy, both of which are consistent with current knowledge. Although musculoskeletal disorders were found to be most prevalent among the Japanese nursing home staff at almost all body sites, the reasons for this are not clear. It may have related to a generally higher musculoskeletal rate, or a higher degree of self-reporting on their questionnaires. Individual MSD risk factors included moving patients, washing patients, working as an assistant nurse and daily alcohol consumption. Interestingly, MSD was found to be a co-factor for current skin disease. Overall, this study indicated that certain occupational health issues consistently affect nursing home staff in the 4 countries, but the prevalence and rank order varies from nation to nation. It was also shown that nursing home work incurs a reasonable degree of risk and that skin disease and musculoskeletal disorders are important occupational issues within these facilities.

This study investigated two cases in Scotland and Japan regarding government nursing workforce policies related to recently qualified nurses (RQNs) and the responses of clinical practice to these policies. Comparisons of findings and results between Scotland and Japan were made. Mixed methods were used including questionnaires (adapted POWCS and PES-NWI) and semi-structured interviews. In Scotland, five NHS managers, seven ward managers, and nine RQNs participated for the semi-structured interviews. A total of 119 Scottish RNs participated for the questionnaires. In Japan, seven nurse managers, six ward managers, and six RQNs participated for the semi-structured interviews. A total of 83 Japanese RNs responded to the questionnaires. In Scotland, three government initiatives related to RQNs for the last 5 years were identified; ‘One Year Job Guarantee’, ‘Flying Start’(FS), and ‘Early Clinical Career Fellowships’(ECCFs). Several responses in clinical practice to these initiatives were identified from the interviews and questionnaires. Firstly, FS and ECCFs were understood as ‘good support’ by managers and RQNs. However, RQNs did not find FS helpful for supporting their transition process. Lack of engagement and poor understanding among RNs was found to be an issue as well as a lack of evaluation and tracking system for FS and ECCFs on completion of the programmes In Japan, two major legislative changes related to RQNs for the last 5 years were identified; change in the Medical Care Fee Schedule for Remuneration and change in ‘Public Health Nurses, Midwives, and Nurses Act’ and ‘Nurse Provision Act’. An Increased number of RNs in the study hospitals was reported as an outcome for the Medical Care Fee Schedule for Remuneration. The increased annual inflow of RQNs caused issues such as increased workload for experienced nurses as well as a lack of the ability of experienced nurses as clinical educators for RQNs. Lack of funding and resources were found to be key issues for maintaining nurse staffing levels as well as the lack of a monitoring system for Japanese nursing workforce such as registration system. Findings from this study suggested several factors for better policy development and implementation related to RQNs in Scotland and Japan; 1) there is a need to establish an evaluation or monitoring system for government initiatives in both countries, 2) the importance of developing and implementing nursing workforce policies without large fluctuations in nursing workforce was highlighted, 3) the Japanese government needs to develop more integrated nursing workforce policies, 4) the importance of having engagement from RNs with policies related to clinical practice was reported, 5) finally, this study suggests that Scottish and Japanese governments need to keep the attempts to sustain the changes by previous policies. The findings added to the current knowledge by providing the insight of each country related to recently qualified nursing workforce policy from two single case studies.

Thesis advisor: Ann W. Burgess
Background: On March 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit the islands of Japan. Subsequent tsunami waves occurred as high as 40 meters above sea level and severely destroyed the nuclear plant in Fukushima. While it is known that both natural and manmade disasters impose physical and psychological distress on affected people, the impact on people's health of indirect exposure to a traumatic event has remained to be determined. This study investigates somatic and psychological stress reactions among residents in the United States and Japan to the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster from comparative perspectives. Study design: A secondary analysis of data obtained from the mother study which examined media use and health impact among those living in the United States and Japan at the time of the disaster. Results: Two groups of participants, Japanese Americans (n=297) and Japanese (n=1142), were analyzed. Japanese Americans reported higher psychological and somatic symptoms than their counterpart in Japan. Among Japanese Americans, income, the severity of somatic symptoms, and help seeking behavior predicted 38.2% of the variance in psychological symptoms. Among Japanese, age, income, help seeking behavior, and severity of somatic symptoms predicted 31.9% of the variance in psychological symptoms related to the 311 disaster. Conclusions: It is evident that indirect exposure to a traumatic event occurring in a distant place has significant adverse effects on people's physical and mental health. Therefore, clinical nurses and health care providers, especially in primary care settings, need to acknowledge the importance of screening for psychological distress among ethnic groups when a natural or man-made disaster occurs in their country of origin. Nurses can promote mental health by responding to stress related responses associated with disasters for those both directly and indirectly impacted
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing

Abstract In dementia care, it has been widely recognized that not only providing medical treatment, but also building an appropriate care relationship between medical professionals and the persons with dementia is one of the keys for understanding the person’s needs and for developing their residual physical and mental abilities. However, there has been little discussion about the meanings and contexts of the care relationship and the role of the therapeutic tools used and the therapist’s expertise in establishing it. To examine these points, the following research questions were addressed: 1) as a mediating tool in the care relationship, what kinds of narratives were created through everyday interaction between therapists and dementia sufferers? 2) how and why were narratives constructed? 3) what is the teaching-learning process of the therapist through narrative joint formation?, and consequently, 4) what is the relationship in dementia care? The data was collected from interviews with one experienced occupational therapist and observations of his care sessions with two Alzheimer’s disease (AD) sufferers in a Japanese nursing home for two years. Their interactions and narratives were transcribed and qualitatively analysed based on Vygotsky's cultural-historical approaches and Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue in education as a theoretical framework. The results have shown that the therapist jointly created narratives and a triadic relationship between the AD sufferers, the narratives, and himself. Using the narratives, he arranged a dialogical environment where the AD sufferers could express their own voices and encounter the voices of others. This enabled them to learn the meaning of their therapeutic activity in connection to their own life experience. As cognitive/psychological tools, the narratives worked towards a teaching-learning process and helped to establish the care relationship. Through the co-construction of narratives and the triadic relationship, the therapist listened to the AD sufferers’ voices carefully, participated in an open ended and unfinalisable dialogue himself with them, and confronted them as equal respondents. In this sense, the therapist is seen as a dialogic teacher who actively learns knowledge and ideas from the dementia sufferers and unceasingly explores unknown questions in narratives with them
Tiivistelmä Dementian hoidossa on laajalti tiedostettu, että lääkehoidon ohella hyvän hoitosuhteen muodostaminen hoitohenkilöstön ja potilaan välille on avainkysymys potilaan tarpeiden ymmärtämiseksi ja käytettävissä olevien fyysisten ja henkisten kykyjen hyödyntämiseksi. Tästä huolimatta on ollut hyvin vähän keskustelua hoitosuhteen merkityksistä ja konteksteista, kuten myös erilaisten työvälineiden roolista ja terapeutin asiantuntijuudesta luoda niitä. Näiden seikkojen tarkastelemiseksi asetettiin seuraavat tutkimuskysymykset: 1) millaisia narratiiveja hoitosuhteen välittävänä työkaluna luotiin terapeutin ja dementiapotilaiden päivittäisessä vuovaikutuksessa, 2) miten ja miksi narratiiveja konstruoitiin, 3) millainen on terapeutin opettamis- ja oppimisprosessi yhteisessä narratiivin muodostamisessa ja näin ollen, 4) millainen on dementian hoitosuhde? Aineisto koottiin haastattelemalla kokenutta toimintaterapeuttia ja havainnoimalla hänen terapiaistuntojaan kahden Alzheimer-potilaan kanssa japanilaisessa hoivakodissa kahden vuoden ajan. Heidän vuorovaikutuksensa ja narratiivinsa transkriptoitiin ja analysoitiin laadullisesti teoreettisena viitekehyksenä Vygotskin kulttuuri-historiallinen lähestymistapa ja Bahtinin dialogin teoria. Tulokset osoittivat, että terapeutti loi yhdessä potilaiden kanssa narratiiveja sekä kolmenvälisen suhteen potilaiden, tarinoiden ja itsensä kesken. Narratiiveja käyttäen hän loi dialogisen ympäristön, jossa potilaat ilmaisivat omat äänensä ja kohtasivat toiset. Tämä auttoi heitä ymmärtämään terapian merkityksen suhteessa heidän omaan elämänkokemukseensa. Narratiivit kognitiivisina/psykologisina välineinä auttoivat opetus- ja oppimisprosessissa ja edistivät hoitosuhteen muodostumista. Narratiivien yhteiskehittely ja kolmenvälinen suhde auttoivat terapeuttia kuuntelemaan huolella potilaiden ääniä, osallisti hänet heidän avoimena jatkuvaan dialogiinsa ja asetti heidät yhdenvertaisiksi osapuoliksi. Tässä mielessä terapeutti nähdään dialogisena opettajana, joka aktiivisesti oppii dementiapotilailta ja joka jatkuvasti tutkii heidän kanssaan narratiivien tuntemattomia kysymyksiä

Introduction: Past studies have indicated that nursing support reduces parental stress and anxiety during a child’s NICU hospitalisation and therefore fosters the parents’ abilities to cope with the difficulties they are facing. The importance of parental support has been emphasised in numerous studies in Western countries, however the nursing support which is responsive to the parents may vary between different cultures. The cultural norms of medical and nursing care environments can affect parental stress-related experiences as well as nursing roles in the NICUs across different countries. The aims of this study are, first, to compare the medical and nursing care environments of the two NICUs. Second, the study establishes any similarities and differences in sources of parental stress in the two NICUs. Third, the study illustrates the underlying philosophy of Doane and Varcoe’s (2005) relational approach to family nursing and highlights the importance of relational inquiry in the process of determining the parental support which best responds to individual families’ needs in the NICU. Methods: This study analyses the nursing roles that support parents of children hospitalised in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). It is a cross-cultural comparison between two NICUs, one in Christchurch, New Zealand and the other in Tokyo, Japan, with both quantitative and qualitative components. Thirty-one families participated voluntarily in the study from each NICU (n=121). The three main sources of data were a NICU staff interview, parental interview, and parental questionnaire using the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) (Miles, 2002). A thematic analysis was used in order to examine parental comments. Results: The differences between the two NICUs in terms of the NICU care environment, including NICU regulations and routine nursing care, were identified by the staff interviews, highlighting the contrasting dominant ideologies of individualism and collectivism reflected in each culture. The three sources of parental stress, measured by PSS: NICU: Sights and Sounds; Baby’s Appearance and Behaviour; the Parental Role Alteration, were examined. The sources most responsible for parental stress differed between the four groups of parents. Overall, The Tokyo parents seemed to be most concerned about the infant’s condition. The Christchurch parents, however, perceived the change in parental role to be most stressful. Additionally, only the Tokyo fathers experienced stress in association with Sights and Sounds more often than other areas of stress. The infant’s medical/nursing care requirements, oxygen therapy and/or tube feeding, were associated with a high degree of stress for each of the parents’ groups except that of the Christchurch fathers. There was a positive relationship between parental NICU visiting and stress level among the Tokyo parents while this was not the case for the Christchurch parents. The infants’ and parental characteristics were found to be associated with stress level for the Tokyo mothers and Christchurch fathers only. The thematic analysis of interview data revealed three key themes of NICU parental experiences: Uncertainty, NICU contexts and Communication with staff. These themes were identical between the two NICUs. Discussion: This study highlighted the influence of the norms of each NICU, particularly the NICU regulations and nursing care on parental stress-related experiences, and the importance of reflecting upon these norms to critique those professional beliefs which may hamper parental coping abilities. The areas of parental support needing attention were different between the two NICUs. These areas were: the establishment of oral feeding, and infants’ nursing care-related decision-making for the Christchurch NICU whilst parental information/involvement in the early stage of hospitalisation, the influence of visiting regulations, and importing Western-based NICU intervention for the Tokyo NICU. In providing these areas of parental support, the importance of effective, meaningful communication between parents and staff was equally evident in the two NICU settings. In the light of the relational approach to family nursing, this study demonstrated that how nurses communicate with families is not universal: one way to reach across the differences is to listen to parents, and this, it is clear, is crucial to the role of nurses in NICU settings.

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of video-mediated communication (VMC) to support couples separated during classic Satogaeri Bunben. Satogaeri Bunben refers to the Japanese tradition when a pregnant woman leaves her own home to return to her parents' home during the prenatal period, while her husband often stays behind in the couple's house. When a couple geographically live apart during Satogaeri Bunben, it may decrease father-infant attachment and the negatively impact the marital relationship. VMC was selected as the supportive intervention for couples choosing Satogaeri Bunben in this study because: 1) it provides additional visual cues, which are particularly important because Japanese communication is highly contextual and often more nonverbal than verbal, 2) the addition of visual cues allow husbands the opportunity to see their infant, because they cannot talk, and 3) Japan has one of the best broadband systems worldwide. The specific aims were to explore VMC during Satogaeri Bunben in relation to father-infant attachment and the marital relationship and to describe VMC experiences of Japanese couples separated during Satogaeri Bunben. A comparative case study design with a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis was used. The specific mixed methods approach used was a [QUAL + quan] triangulation-convergence model. For the qualitative data, the primary source of data was the Participant Diary. The primary sources of quantitative data included three instruments: 1) Taiji Kanjyo Hyotei Syakudo (TKHS), 2) Intimate Bond Measure (IBM), and 3) Primary Communication Inventory (PCI). The PCI was translated into Japanese for this study using a committee approach. Four couples were participated in this study. Data collection for each couple took approximately two to three month to complete. Qualitative data analysis divided the couples in two groups: 1) the engaged group, who were very attentive each other's feelings and 2) the detached group, who were inattentive. The PCI scores further supported the existence of two groups. However, the TKHS and IBM scores were mixed. The limitations included a small sample size and lack of variability in sample characteristics, and short time frame. This study was also the first time to use a newly translated PCI in Japanese. This study successfully explored the use of VMC to support couples choosing Satogaeri Bunben focusing on decreasing the impact of the separation of the couple and later the separation of the husband from his new infant. The qualitative and quantitative findings provided a first glimpse into four couples' feelings and VMC experiences during Satogaeri Bunben, especially in relation to father-infant attachment and the marital relationship. The use of VMC provided ongoing virtual, rather than physical co-presence, which may help couple's communication and relationship during their separation, as they transitioned to parenthood.

Aim. This study aimed to explore factors influencing health practitioners’ work performance. This knowledge will facilitate development of appropriate support and education for health practitioners in delivering quality healthcare. Design and participants. A mixed method exploratory descriptive study using cross-sectional methodology was used to gather relevant data and obtain an overview from 60 health workers and 40 health managers in health facilities operated by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Survey questionnaire followed by selected unstructured interviews to gather data were used. Descriptive statistics, particularly the percentage and weighted mean (Wm) were used. Findings: Results showed that a typical health practitioner in Jazan, KSA has a mean age of 31.17 (health workers) and 28 (health managers). Majority are female (68.33% health workers; 85% health managers) and from other Asian countries. Most have Diploma in Nursing/Midwifery (46.67% health workers; 55% health managers) as educational qualification. Many of them are charge nurses (41.67%). The average number of years they have worked is 6.92 years for the health worker and 12.63 years for the health managers. The health workers showed agreement on the utilization of performance appraisal in their unit (Wm=3.66); however, they were uncertain on their appraisal regarding remuneration, benefits, and recognition (Wm=3.30) as well as uncertain on staffing and work schedules (Wm=3.01) and staff development (Wm=2.39). Factors affecting their work performance were generally intermediate in nature (Wm=2.39), but shortage of staff specifically was a major factor (Wm=3.27). They perceived the strategies to improve and maintain excellent performance as moderately needed (Wm=2.23). Health managers were often involved in management tasks (Wm=2.89) and they assessed their skills as “Good” (Wm=3.63). Conclusion. Many of the health practitioners in Jazan are predominantly younger, female expatriates. They encounter issues in their job and in management that may affect their work performance. Addressing these issues is necessary to assist their development and support work performance. The strategic plan developed from these results will support the education and training of these health practitioners and will be implemented and evaluated.

碩士
淡江大學
日本研究所
91
As everyone knows, Japan is the No.1 country where many people live to an advanced age of the world, and it only takes the country 25 years to turn from an aged society to an aging society. If compared with other advanced nations, the speed of population aging is far quick. In the case of Taiwan, elderly-people population has reached to 7% in 1993, and it exceeded 14% in 2021, and it is predicted to be 15.6%. That is, it will only take about twenty years like Japan until it results from an aging society in an aged society. In recent years, in Taiwan, along with aging of population, the elderly-people problem is more serious. Problems such as the old men who live all by themselves and those who do not have anyone to care of, are often taken up by mass communications. Therefore, I think it will contribute to Taiwan by studying the elderly-people welfare which Japan is carrying out, and nursing care insurance which especially solves important point support elderly people''s care problem. This paper consists of 6 Chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction and describes a research motive, the purpose, a method, and the contents. In Chapter 2, change of the population structure in Japan from immediately after the end of the war and its background are explored. In Chapter 3, it focuses on the public nursing care insurance which was carried out from April, 2000, the background of the formation about public nursing care insurance, institutional structure, a home care measure, and a facilities care measure are described, and the problem after enforcement is further clarified based on the present condition of public nursing care insurance. Chapter 4 describes the care of manpower and elderly-care-insurance institution that offers service of public nursing care insurance. Chapter 5 examines the present condition and the problem of nursing care for elderly people in Taiwan. Chapter 6 is a conclusion and also the present condition of nursing care for elderly people in Japan in comparison with that of Taiwan. Through this research, although Japan had fixed an institution, manpower, etc. in connection with elderly-people welfare, elderly-care-insurance enforcement was found shortage of an institution and care manpower and problems have piled. On the other hand, the nursing home in Taiwan was managed under a different organization, the function overlapped in many cases, and it is still difficult in respect of cultivation of talented people and reservation, it will be thought by carrying out public nursing care insurance that there will still be many difficulties.

碩士
淡江大學
亞洲研究所碩士班
103
In recent year, influence of aging population society between of Taiwan and Japan, nursing care for aging people will grow up. With nursing care supply a demand, the official government between Taiwan and Japan was put nursing care into private business person''s hand, but facing the manpower shortage’s problem. Government will solve the problem, having no choice to receive foreign caretaker to Taiwan and Japan, but that will impacting improvement of nursing caretaker’s salary conditions. Therefore, this article was used to documentary analysis to analyze nursing care market structure between Taiwan and Japan, nursing care labor market problem, caretaker labor conditions, receive foreign caretaker’s influence to national caretaker. Finally, making suggestions about how to improve Taiwanese caretaker labor conditions, and making advices about foreign caretaker’s acceptance. The research result shows in nursing care market, Japan was limited private enterprise take part in noninstitutional care services, Taiwan was offered by NPO’s form so that rate of increase is slowly.Besides, because nursing care price is official in Taiwan and Japan, so imperfect market will raise. But under the immobilized price, company are hire temporary work for reduce the cost. In addition, owing to nursing care service and social impressions was not better, nursing care labor’s investment was difficult. About receive foreign caretaker policy, Japan was avoided impacting domestic labor salary by strict condition setting, through nursing care robot development and ICT techique’s application to arise labor productivity. On the other hand, Taiwan was paid at foreign caretaker “quantity” , the reason is domestic labor’s high hirement cost for normal family. About worker reservation, Japan government was various policy. For instance, offering subsidy to employer, who was improved nursing care’s treatment. On the other hand, Taiwan government was limited to subsidize health insurance or transit subsidy. Thus, Taiwan have to rarefactiong standard of nursing care compensation, improving caretaker’s wage, and raising labor productivity by application of ICT. Furthermore, Taiwan government will ought to set strict condition to foreign caretaker acceptance.

碩士
南開科技大學
福祉科技與服務管理所
105
Long-term care attendants are increasingly important with the rapid onset of the era of aging. Preservice training of care attendants, in particular, is a key topic in the professionalization of their future work. How to train professional care attendants to improve the safety and efficacy of their work is worthy of in-depth discussion. This study investigated the topics, content, and lengths of current preservice training courses for care attendants in Taiwan. The introductory training program for certified nursing care specialists in Japan served as a reference, and its course categories, content, and lengths of courses were studied. The two training programs were compared and differences between the two analyzed. The advantages of the Japanese program were considered and suggestions were provided for the improvement of the current Taiwanese system. These suggestions serve as an important reference for curriculum reorganization. The research methods were based on the modified Delphi method (MDM). Main course topics, content, and lengths of courses were examined in a review of the literature. Subsequently, expert questionnaires adopting the MDM were used for confirmation and discussion purposes. Mind mapping was used to integrate expert opinions, completing the decision-making model of this study. The findings of this study were as follows. Through the MDM literature review, and the confirmation of 13 experts, eight major course units and the contents and lengths of 19 courses within these units were created. The results of the analysis show that the main course unit “Interpersonal Relationships and Communication Skills” earned the highest degree of approval from experts and “Raising Dementia Awareness” is the course unit that needed to be included in the courses the most. The following content was determined to merit priority under the respective main course units: “Symptoms of Dementia,” “Basic Knowledge of the Medical Aspects, Barriers, Psychological and Physical Characteristics, and Support of Disabled People,” “Enhancing Basic Knowledge and Understanding of Housework and Everyday Life,” “Increasing the Basic Knowledge and Everyday Support Skills of Domestic Helpers,” “Wheelchair Movement and Care During Transfer,” “Improving Basic Knowledge and Self-Care of Physical and Mental Structures: Bathing, Cleanliness, Grooming, Toileting, and Sleep,” “Communication Skills and Exchanges in Caregiving Teams,” and “Discussion of the Difficulties Care Attendants Face.” Finally, the findings were compiled and fully presented in a decision-making model using mind mapping. We hope that these findings can be used for redesigning preservice training courses for care attendants in Taiwan. The findings could improve the professional skills and adaptability of care attendants in the job market in the long-term and meet the increasing demand for long-term care. Keywords: Care attendant, Certified nursing care specialist, Modified Delphi method (MDM), Mind mapping

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
應用日語研究所
101
ABSTRACT 　　This study is major in the contents and status between the Taiwan and Japan two countries''s welfare system for the elderly，To find out the lacks of current measures and problems to be comprehensive study，Focus on the comparative of the completeness of Taiwan and Japanese nursing home facilities，Then study the advantages and disadvantages。In order to provide the current problems of the Taiwan elderly countermeasures for reference solution。 Japan is the world''s top-ranked country of ageing，The ratio of elderly population in 2011 is 23.3％，Estimated in 2050 the ratio will rise up to 35.56%，Since as early as 1963, Japan announced the implementation of elderly welfare law, it has been nearly 50 years，Whether aging population or elderly welfare policies are described as a pioneer in Asia。 Since Taiwan and Japanese culture and customs are similar, Japan''s elderly welfare policies for many years, and the status of implementation experience is worthy of study，The analization of those advantages and disadvantages as well as a reference for Taiwan。

Thesis (M. Heal. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2009.
"January 2009." Typescript (photocopy). Some forms in the appendix in Japanese. Abstract in English and Japanese. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100). Also available via the World Wide Web.