Journal articles: 'Nuna/Columbia supercontinent'

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Meert, Joseph G. "What's in a name? The Columbia (Paleopangaea/Nuna) supercontinent." Gondwana Research 21, no. 4 (May 2012): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.12.002.

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Box, Stephen E., Chad J. Pritchard, Travis S. Stephens, and Paul B. O’Sullivan. "Between the supercontinents: Mesoproterozoic Deer Trail Group, an intermediate age unit between the Mesoproterozoic Belt–Purcell Supergroup and the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup in northeastern Washington, USA." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 12 (December 2020): 1411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0188.

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Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic basins in western North America record the evolving position of the Laurentian craton within two supercontinents during their growth and dismemberment: Columbia (Nuna) and Rodinia. The western-most exposures of the Columbia rift-related Belt–Purcell Supergroup are preserved in northeastern Washington, structurally overlain by the Deer Trail Group and depositionally overlying the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. It has been disputed whether the Deer Trail Group is correlative with the Belt–Purcell Supergroup, or younger. To help resolve the uncertain correlation of these units and their bearing on supercontinent evolution, we characterized the detrital zircon age populations of units from the Deer Trail Group, the Windermere Supergroup, and the Belt–Purcell Supergroup in northeastern Washington. These data show that the western part of the Columbia supercontinent (now located in Australia and eastern Antarctica) remained attached to western Laurentia and continued to supply 1600–1500 Ma detrital zircon grains to the Belt–Purcell Supergroup until after ca. 1391 Ma. The Deer Trail Group is younger than the Belt–Purcell strata, with the basal unit younger than ca. 1362 Ma and a middle unit younger than ca. 1300 Ma. The Deer Trail Group has a pre-Grenville-age provenance from the southwestern USA and possibly east Antarctica. The Buffalo Hump Formation is younger than the Deer Trail Group, with Grenville-age (ca. 1112 Ma) detrital zircon grains and a detrital zircon signature like that of the overlying Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. We interpret the Deer Trail Group to have been deposited during the rift-demise of supercontinent Columbia and before the Grenville-age assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia.

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Bogdanova, S., R. Gorbatschev, G. Skridlaite, A. Soesoo, L. Taran, and D. Kurlovich. "Trans-Baltic Palaeoproterozoic correlations towards the reconstruction of supercontinent Columbia/Nuna." Precambrian Research 259 (April 2015): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.11.023.

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Yang, Jie, Qiang Zhu, Zuoxun Zeng, and Le Wan. "Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of the Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Helan Mountains, North China." Geological Magazine 156, no. 12 (July 17, 2019): 2104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000347.

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AbstractThe periodic dispersal and assembly of continental fragments has been an inherent feature of the continental crust. Based on the discovery of large-scale supercontinent cycle and the theory of plate tectonics, several supercontinents have been identified, such as Columbia/Nuna, Rodinia, Gondwana and Pangaea. Neoproterozoic magmatic events related to the break-up of Rodinia are globally well preserved. Although Neoproterozoic magmatic events were very weak in the North China Craton (NCC), they are crucial in reconstructing the geometries of the NCC and could facilitate the completion of the Neoproterozoic configuration of the supercontinent. In this study, c. 853–835 Ma magmatic rocks are identified in the western margin of the NCC. Precise zircon U–Pb age determination yields 206Pb/238U average ages of 835.5 ± 5.3 Ma (HL-39) and 853.7 ± 4.5 Ma (HL-30). In situ zircon Hf isotope compositions of the samples reveal that their parental magma was formed by the reworking of ancient crust evolved from Mesoproterozoic mantle. In summary, the discovery of Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the western margin of the NCC, and reported synchronous rocks in other parts of the NCC indicate that the NCC might be conjoined with the supercontinent Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic. This discovery is of significant help in unravelling the early Neoproterozoic history of the NCC and the evolution of the supercontinent Rodinia.

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Лубнина, Наталия Валерьевна, Александр Иванович Слабунов, Александра Владимировна Степанова, Наталья Сергеевна Нестерова, Natalia Lubnina, Alexander Slabunov, Alexandra Stepanova, and Natalia Nesterova. "BELOMORIAN MOBILE BELT AS PART OF THE NUNA/COLUMBIA SUPERCONTINENT: NEW PALEOMAGNETIC AND GEOLOGICAL DATA." Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/geo1663.

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Ronkin, Yu L., A. Gerdes, and A. V. Maslov. "REE and Lu-Hf systematics of zircons from rapakivi granites and associated rocks of supercontinent Nuna (Columbia)." Doklady Earth Sciences 461, no. 1 (March 2015): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x15030150.

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Chaves, Alexandre de Oliveira, and Christopher Rocha de Rezende. "Fragments of 1.79-1.75 Ga Large Igneous Provinces in reconstructing Columbia (Nuna): a Statherian supercontinent-superplume coupling?" Episodes 42, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019006.

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ZHAO, Guochun. "Assembly, Accretion and Break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia (Nuna) Supercontinent: Records in the North China Craton." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 90, s1 (October 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12881.

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Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Yue Zhao, Zhen-Yu Yang, Zhe-Feng He, and Hai Wu. "The 1.35Ga diabase sills from the northern North China Craton: Implications for breakup of the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 288, no. 3-4 (November 2009): 588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.023.

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Goryachev, Nikolay A. "Gold deposits in the Earth's history." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-77706163-18.

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The distribution of the main gold deposits in the history of the Earth is considered. Primary heterogeneity of the Archean crust by gold bearing is shown. The main gold ore metallogenic epochs are characterized. Links of gold deposits with VMS and Cu-Ni in the early periods of the Earth (Archaean-Proterozoic) and, in addition, with deposits of W, Mo, Cu, Sb, Hg and Sn in the Phanerozoic are shown. An analysis of the distribution of mineralogical and geochemical types of the actual Au mineralization also showed significant diversity for the Phanerozoic compared with Precambrian. These data reflect the mantle-crustal origin of Au mineralization as a whole and indicates an increase in the contribution of the crust matter to the balance of Au mineralization with the age of the Earth. The well-known interruption in the formation of Au deposits (1.70.8 billion years) was discussed, which was caused by the stable craton regime of the long-existing Columbia (Nuna) Rodinia supercontinent.

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de Oliveira Chaves, Alexandre. "Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent with external subduction girdle and concentric accretionary, collisional and intracontinental orogens permeated by large igneous provinces and rifts." Precambrian Research 352 (January 2021): 106017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.106017.

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Bogdanova, Svetlana V., Oleg B. Gintov, Dzmitry M. Kurlovich, Nataliya V. Lubnina, Mimmi K. M. Nilsson, Mykhailo I. Orlyuk, Inna K. Pashkevich, Leonid V. Shumlyanskyy, and Vitaly I. Starostenko. "Late Palaeoproterozoic mafic dyking in the Ukrainian Shield of Volgo-Sarmatia caused by rotation during the assembly of supercontinent Columbia (Nuna)." Lithos 174 (August 2013): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.11.002.

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Pystin, A. M., and Yu I. Pystina. "Geochronology of Precambrian formations of the north of the Urals." Vestnik of Geosciences 3 (2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2021.3.1.

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The paper summarizes results of work on the geochronological confirmation of the age of metamorphic structures occurring at the base of the Precambrian of the north of the Urals and the age of overlying Upper Precambrian basal sediments. It is shown that the occurrences of early stages of metamorphism of rocks of metamorphic (polymetamorphic) complexes date back to about 2.1 Ga. Their substrate is unambiguously related to the Lower Precambrian. We determined that Mesoproterozoic strata are absent Upper Precambrian sections of the north of the Urals, in contrast to more southern regions of the Urals. The basal strata in the Lyapin and Kharbey-Marunkeu anticlinoria, according to the data obtained, are dated to the Middle Neoproterozoic (cryogenian). The established fact of the absence of deposits of a huge age interval (Mesoproterozoic — at least 600 Ma) in the north of the Urals can be explained by a high standing of the territory of the northeast (in modern coordinates) of the Baltic craton, a fragment of which at that time was the Timan-Northern Ural lithospheric segment, and the location in the interiors of the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent.

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Shumlyanskyy, Leonid, Richard E. Ernst, Aleksander Albekov, Ulf Söderlund, Simon A. Wilde, and Andrey Bekker. "The early Statherian (ca. 1800–1750 Ma) Prutivka-Novogol large igneous province of Sarmatia: Geochronology and implication for the Nuna/Columbia supercontinent reconstruction." Precambrian Research 358 (June 2021): 106185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106185.

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Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Richard E. Ernst, Zhenyu Yang, Zaizheng Zhou, Junling Pei, and Yue Zhao. "Spatial distribution of 1.4-1.3 Ga LIPs and carbonatite-related REE deposits: Evidence for large-scale continental rifting in the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 597 (November 2022): 117815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117815.

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Ma, Feng, Tingxin Li, Yun Zhou, Jin Cai, and Yongfeng Cai. "Paleoenvironment of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang and Wumishan Formations, North China: New Insights from Geochemistry and Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes of Dolostones." Minerals 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12091111.

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The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang and Wumishan Formations are major geothermal reservoirs in the Hebei Province, North China. Compared to the exploration of geothermal resources and heat-controlling structures, carbon and oxygen isotopic records of the two formations are limited. Here, we present integrated field, petrological, geochemical, carbon, and oxygen isotopic data of carbonate rocks from the Gaoyuzhuang and Wumishan Formations. The Wumishan Formation is characterized by higher CaO and MgO contents and lower SiO2 contents than the Gaoyuzhuang Formation, indicating that the source of the Wumishan Formation likely contains less terrigenous clastic materials. The two formations have low total rare earth element contents, similar to marine carbonate rocks. They show different Eu and Ce anomalies, Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) and Fe/Ti ratios, and (Co + Ni + Cu) contents. They generally show similar carbon isotopic compositions, whereas the carbonate rocks of the middle-upper Gaoyuzhuang Formation show lower δ18O values than the samples from the Wumishan and lower Gaoyuzhuang Formations. These data suggest that the two formations have experienced different transgressive–regressive cycles and that their sedimentary environments varied and were unstable in different sedimentary periods. The middle-upper Gaoyuzhuang Formation was likely affected by hydrothermal fluids, whereas the Wumishan Formation is composed of normal seawater deposits. Integrated evidence reveals that both of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang and Wumishan Formations were deposited in rift environments caused by the breakup of the Columbia/Nuna supercontinent.

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McFarlane, Christopher R. M. "A geochronological framework for sedimentation and Mesoproterozoic tectono-magmatic activity in lower Belt–Purcell rocks exposed west of Kimberley, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 7 (July 2015): 444–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0215.

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The Matthew Creek Metamorphic Zone (MCMZ) exposes what is inferred to be the lowest structural level of the lower Aldridge Formation in the Canadian portion of the Belt–Purcell Supergroup. Zircon, monazite, and titanite were dated using the U–Pb system by LA–ICP–MS. The detrital zircon populations of quartzite layers in these rocks define a provenance dominated by sources of Laurentian affinity with a minor component of non-North American ages between 1600 and 1490 Ma. Special attention was paid to monazite in sillimanite-grade metapelitic schists that was analyzed using in situ LA–ICP–MS techniques guided by BSE imaging and compositional mapping. Textural and geochronological evidence indicate that coupled dissolution–reprecipitation affected detrital monazite at 1413 ± 10 Ma. This was followed by prograde monazite growth at 1365 ± 10 Ma, synchronous with crystallization of the nearby Hellroaring Creek peraluminous granite at 1365 ± 5 Ma. Late-stage pegmatite emplacement and ductile shearing along the contact of the MCMZ and overlying rocks occurred at 1335 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as a period of post-collisional extension, core complex formation, exhumation, and decompression melting. The entire package was subsequently affected by a pervasive ∼1050 Ma hydrothermal overprint that partially reset U–Pb dates in monazite, zircon, and titanite contained in all lithologies examined. The lowermost Belt–Purcell stratigraphy in southeast British Columbia preserves a detailed record of sedimentary provenance and a long history of episodic collision and extension that must be reconciled with plate reconstruction models for the break-up of the Nuna supercontinent and assembly of Rodinia.

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Wu, Hailin, Wenbin Zhu, and Rongfeng Ge. "Late Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism in the North Altyn Tagh area, southeastern Tarim craton: Pressure-temperature paths, zircon U-Pb ages, and tectonic implications." GSA Bulletin 131, no. 9-10 (March 29, 2019): 1591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35085.1.

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Abstract Granulite occupies the root of orogenic belts, and understanding its formation and evolution may provide critical information on orogenic processes. Previous studies have mainly focused on garnet-bearing high-pressure and medium-pressure granulites, whereas the metamorphic evolution and pressure-temperature (P-T) paths of garnet-absent, low-pressure granulites are more difficult to constrain. Here, we present zircon U-Pb ages and mineral chemistry for a suite of newly discovered two-pyroxene granulites in the North Altyn Tagh area, southeastern Tarim craton, northwestern China. Conventional geothermobarometry and phase equilibrium modeling revealed that these rocks experienced a peak granulite-facies metamorphism at T = 790–890 °C and P = 8–11 kbar. The mineral compositions and retrograde symplectites record a clockwise cooling and exhumation path, possibly involving near-isothermal decompression followed by near-isobaric cooling. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded a ca. 1.97 Ga metamorphic age, which likely represents the initial cooling age, based on Ti-in-zircon thermometry. Combined with regional geological records, we interpret that these granulites originated from the basement rocks of a late Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc that was subsequently involved in a collisional orogen in the southern Tarim craton, presumably related to the assembly of the Columbia/Nuna supercontinent. The clockwise P-T paths of the granulites record crustal thickening and burial followed by crustal thinning and exhumation in the upper plate of the collisional orogen. Our data indicate that the initial exhumation of this orogen probably occurred no later than ca. 1.97 Ga, which is supported by widespread 1.93–1.85 Ga postorogenic magmatism in this area.

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Ernst, Richard E., Eurico Pereira, Michael A. Hamilton, Sergei A. Pisarevsky, José Rodriques, Colombo C. G. Tassinari, Wilson Teixeira, and Vitória Van-Dunem. "Mesoproterozoic intraplate magmatic ‘barcode’ record of the Angola portion of the Congo Craton: Newly dated magmatic events at 1505 and 1110Ma and implications for Nuna (Columbia) supercontinent reconstructions." Precambrian Research 230 (June 2013): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.01.010.

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Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Yue Zhao, Xian-Hua Li, Richard E. Ernst, and Zhen-Yu Yang. "The 1.33–1.30 Ga Yanliao large igneous province in the North China Craton: Implications for reconstruction of the Nuna (Columbia) supercontinent, and specifically with the North Australian Craton." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 465 (May 2017): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.034.

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Li, Li-Xing, Jian-Wei Zi, Jie Meng, Hou-Min Li, Birger Rasmussen, Stephen Sheppard, Simon A. Wilde, and Yan-He Li. "Using In Situ Monazite and Xenotime U-Pb Geochronology to Resolve the Fate of the “Missing” Banded Iron Formation-Hosted High-Grade Hematite Ores of the North China Craton." Economic Geology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4699.

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Abstract High-grade hematite mineralization is widely developed in banded iron formations (BIFs) worldwide. However, in the North China craton where Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic BIFs are abundant, economic high-grade hematite ores are scarce. High-grade hematite ores hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Yuanjiacun BIFs represent the largest occurrence of this type of ore in the North China craton. The orebodies are fault controlled and show sharp contacts with lower greenschist facies metamorphic BIFs. In situ U-Pb geochronology of monazite and xenotime intergrown with microplaty hematite and martite in high-grade ore established two episodes of metamorphic-hydrothermal monazite/xenotime growth after deposition of the BIFs. The earlier episode at ca. 1.94 Ga is interpreted as the timing of lower greenschist-facies metamorphism, and the later episode at 1.41 to 1.34 Ga represents the timing of high-grade hematite mineralization. Petrography and microthermometry of primary fluid inclusion assemblages indicate that the high-grade hematite ore formed from hot (313°–370°C), CO2-rich, and highly saline (~20 wt % NaCl equiv) hydrothermal fluids. These fluids channeled along faults, which concentrated iron through interaction with the BIFs—a process similar to typical hematite mineralization elsewhere. The deposition of hematite was probably related to tectonic extension in the North China craton related to the breakup of the Columbia/Nuna supercontinent. Our results challenge a previously proposed model ascribing the scarcity of high-grade hematite ores in the North China craton to the lack of prolonged weathering conditions. Rather, we argue that the high-grade ore formed in lower metamorphic-grade BIFs at shallower depths than magnetite mineralization and was largely eroded during later exhumation and uplift of the craton.

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Fan, Hong-Peng, Wei-Guang Zhu, Zheng-Xiang Li, Hong Zhong, Zhong-Jie Bai, De-Feng He, Cai-Jie Chen, and Chong-Yong Cao. "Ca. 1.5Ga mafic magmatism in South China during the break-up of the supercontinent Nuna/Columbia: The Zhuqing Fe–Ti–V oxide ore-bearing mafic intrusions in western Yangtze Block." Lithos 168-169 (May 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.02.004.

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Xu, Huiru, Zhenyu Yang, Peng Peng, Kunpeng Ge, Zhenmin Jin, and Rixiang Zhu. "Magnetic fabrics and rock magnetism of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and their implications for tectonic correlation of the North China Craton with other crustal blocks in the Nuna/Columbia supercontinent." Tectonophysics 712-713 (August 2017): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.06.015.

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Franco Victoria, Jose Alejandro, Thomas Cramer, Alexandre de Oliveira Chaves, Heinrich Adolf Horn, and Marc Poujol. "Geochronology of monazite related to REE, Nb–Ta and U–Th bearing minerals from Mesoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in the E-Colombian Amazonian Craton: Links to mantle plume activity in the Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 109 (August 2021): 103228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103228.

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Xu, Huiru, Tao Yang, Mark J. Dekkers, Peng Peng, Shihu Li, Chenglong Deng, and Rixiang Zhu. "Magma flow pattern of the 1.78 Ga dyke swarm of the North China Craton during the initial assembly of the Supercontinent Nuna/Columbia: Constraints from rock magnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies." Precambrian Research 345 (August 2020): 105773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105773.

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Likhanov, Igor I. "Provenance, Age, and Tectonic Settings of Rock Complexes (Transangarian Yenisey Ridge, East Siberia): Geochemical and Geochronological Evidence." Geosciences 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12110402.

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The tectonic evolution of the Siberian Cratonic margins offers important clues for global paleogeographic reconstructions, particularly with regard to the complex geological history of Central Asia and Precambrian supercontinents Columbia/Nuna and Rodinia and its subsequent breakup with the opening of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Here, we present an overview of geochemical, petrological, and geochronological data from a suite of various rocks to clarify the age, tectonic settings, and nature of their protolith, with an emphasis on understanding the tectonic history of the Yenisey Ridge fold-and-thrust belt at the western margin of the Siberian Craton. These pre-Grenville, Grenville, and post-Grenville episodes of regional crustal evolution are correlated with the synchronous successions and similar style of rocks along the Arctic margin of Nuna-Columbia and Rodinia and support the possible spatial proximity of Siberia and North Atlantic cratons (Laurentia and Baltica) over a long period ~1.4-0.55 Ga.

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Ernst, R. E., M. T. D. Wingate, K. L. Buchan, and Z. X. Li. "Global record of 1600–700Ma Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs): Implications for the reconstruction of the proposed Nuna (Columbia) and Rodinia supercontinents." Precambrian Research 160, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.019.

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Likhanov, I. I., and M. Santosh. "A-type granites in the western margin of the Siberian Craton: Implications for breakup of the Precambrian supercontinents Columbia/Nuna and Rodinia." Precambrian Research 328 (July 2019): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.04.018.

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Dewey, J. F., E. S. Kiseeva, J. A. Pearce, and L. J. Robb. "Precambrian tectonic evolution of Earth: an outline." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0019.

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Abstract Space probes in our solar system have examined all bodies larger than about 400 km in diameter and shown that Earth is the only silicate planet with extant plate tectonics sensu stricto. Venus and Earth are about the same size at 12 000 km diameter, and close in density at 5 200 and 5 500 kg.m-3 respectively. Venus and Mars are stagnant lid planets; Mars may have had plate tectonics and Venus may have had alternating ca. 0.5 Ga periods of stagnant lid punctuated by short periods of plate turnover. In this paper, we contend that Earth has seen five, distinct, tectonic periods characterized by mainly different rock associations and patterns with rapid transitions between them; the Hadean to ca. 4.0 Ga, the Eo- and Palaeoarchaean to ca. 3.1 Ga, the Neoarchaean to ca. 2.5 Ga, the Proterozoic to ca. 0.8 Ga, and the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic. Plate tectonics sensu stricto, as we know it for present-day Earth, was operating during the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic, as witnessed by features such as obducted supra-subduction zone ophiolites, blueschists, jadeite, ruby, continental thin sediment sheets, continental shelf, edge, and rise assemblages, collisional sutures, and long strike-slip faults with large displacements. From rock associations and structures, nothing resembling plate tectonics operated prior to ca. 2.5 Ga. Archaean geology is almost wholly dissimilar from Proterozoic-Phanerozoic geology. Most of the Proterozoic operated in a plate tectonic milieu but, during the Archaean, Earth behaved in a non-plate tectonic way and was probably characterised by a stagnant lid with heat-loss by pluming and volcanism, together with diapiric inversion of tonalite-trondjemite-granodiorite (TTG) basement diapirs through sinking keels of greenstone supracrustals, and very minor mobilism. The Palaeoarchaean differed from the Neoarchaean in having a more blobby appearance whereas a crude linearity is typical of the Neoarchaean. The Hadean was probably a dry stagnant lid Earth with the bulk of its water delivered during the late heavy bombardment, when that thin mafic lithosphere was fragmented to sink into the asthenosphere and generate the copious TTG Ancient Grey Gneisses (AGG). During the Archaean, a stagnant unsegmented, lithospheric lid characterised Earth, although a case can be made for some form of mobilism with “block jostling”, rifting, compression and strike-slip faulting on a small scale. We conclude, following Burke and Dewey (1973), that there is no evidence for subduction on a global scale before about 2.5 Ga, although there is geochemical evidence for some form of local recycling of crustal material into the mantle during that period. After 2.5 Ga, linear/curvilinear deformation belts were developed, which “weld” cratons together and palaeomagnetism indicates that large, lateral, relative motions among continents had begun by at least 1.88 Ga. The “boring billion”, from about 1.8 to 0.8 Ga, was a period of two super-continents (Nuna, also known as Columbia, and Rodinia) characterised by substantial magmatism of intraplate type leading to the hypothesis that Earth had reverted to a single plate planet over this period; however, orogens with marginal accretionary tectonics and related magmatism and ore genesis indicate that plate tectonics was still taking place at and beyond the bounds of these supercontinents. The break-up of Rodinia heralded modern plate tectonics from about 0.8 Ga. Our conclusions are based, almost wholly, upon geological data sets, including petrology, ore geology and geochemistry, with minor input from modelling and theory.

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Gong, Zheng, David A. D. Evans, Nasrrddine Youbi, Abdelhak Ait Lahna, Ulf Söderlund, Malika Ait Malek, Bin Wen, et al. "Reorienting the West African craton in Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna." Geology, June 14, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48855.1.

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The location of the West African craton (WAC) has been poorly constrained in the Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna (also known as Columbia). Previous Nuna reconstruction models suggested that the WAC was connected to Amazonia in a way similar to their relative position in Gondwana. By an integrated paleomagnetic and geochronological study of the Proterozoic mafic dikes in the Anti-Atlas Belt, Morocco, we provide two reliable paleomagnetic poles to test this connection. Incorporating our new poles with quality-filtered poles from the neighboring cratons of the WAC, we propose an inverted WAC-Amazonia connection, with the northern WAC attached to northeastern Amazonia, as well as a refined configuration of Nuna. Global large igneous province records also conform to our new reconstruction. The inverted WAC-Amazonia connection suggests a substantial change in their relative orientation from Nuna to Gondwana, providing an additional example of large-magnitude cumulative azimuthal rotations between adjacent continental blocks over supercontinental cycles.

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31

Harrison, Christopher, and Marc R. St-Onge. "Geological history and supercontinent cycles of the Arctic." GSA Bulletin, May 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b36398.1.

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The geological history of the Arctic is constrained within the framework of the assembly and breakup of three supercontinents. The first of these was preceded by the crystallization of the oldest dated rocks on Earth and consolidation of the Arctic region’s Archean cratons between 2.82 and 2.54 Ga. Following the emplacement of regional mafic dike swarms between 2.51 and 2.03 Ga, the cratons were amalgamated into the Nuna (Columbia) supercontinent between 2.0 and 1.6 Ga, and the distribution of low-thermal-gradient eclogite (indicative of continental subduction) and ophiolite (indicative of obduction of oceanic crust onto a continental margin) suggests that diagnostic plate-tectonic processes were well in place by the early Paleoproterozoic. Basin formation, flood basalts, and dike swarms are features of the partial(?) breakup of Nuna (Columbia) by 1.5−1.27 Ga. The extent to which specific dike swarms led to continental breakup and a rift-to-drift transition remains unclear. Assembly of the second supercontinent (Rodinia, 1.4−0.9 Ga) is recorded by a network of Grenvillian and Sveconorwegian collisional orogenic belts. Prominent features of Rodinia breakup (780−615 Ma) in the Arctic are extensive dike swarms and regional-scale glacial-periglacial deposits associated with the Sturtian (717−661 Ma) and Marinoan (ca. 645 ± 6 to ca. 635 Ma) snowball Earth glaciations. Assembly of the third supercontinent, Pangea, between 600 Ma and ca. 250 Ma, was accomplished through stitching of four orogens in the Arctic (Timan-Varanger, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Urals-Taymyr). Pangea breakup (rifting since 250 Ma and oceanic spreading since the Cretaceous) led to the emplacement of Cretaceous and Paleogene flood basalts, new oceanic crust in the Labrador Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Arctic Ocean, and orogens characterized by relatively small but far-traveled accreted terranes with provenance in Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia. Paleogeographic similarities and geological correlations among Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, and the North China craton suggest that Rodinia formed following incomplete breakup of Nuna (Columbia) and/or by introversion, whereas unique paleogeographic traits for Pangea within the Arctic region point to supercontinent formation by extroversion.

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32

Kumar, Alok, Debojit Talukdar, N. V. Chalapathi Rao, R. Burgess, and B. Lehmann. "Mesoproterozoic 40Ar–39Ar ages of some lamproites from the Cuddapah Basin and Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India: implications for diamond provenance of the Banganapalle Conglomerates, age of the Kurnool Group and Columbia tectonics." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, February 9, 2021, SP513–2020–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp513-2020-247.

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AbstractWe report Mesoproterozoic 40Ar–39Ar (whole-rock) ages of lamproites from (i) the Ramadugu field (R4 dyke : 1434 ± 19 Ma and R5 dyke: 1334 ± 12 Ma) and the Krishna field (Pochampalle dyke: 1439 ± 3 Ma and Tirumalgiri dyke: 1256 ± 12 Ma) from the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and (ii) the Garledinne (1433 ± 8 Ma) and the Chelima (1373 ± 6 Ma) dykes from within the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah Basin, southern India. The ages reported for the Ramadugu and Tirumalgiri lamproites constitute their first radiometric dates. Ages of the Pochampalle and the Chelima lamproites from this study are broadly comparable to their previously reported 40Ar–39Ar (phlogopite) ages of c. 1500 Ma and 1418 ± 8 Ma, respectively. The ages of all these lamproites are much older than those of the (i) c. 1.1 Ga kimberlites from the Wajrakarur and Narayanpet fields of the EDC and (ii) c. 1.09 Ga lamproitic dykes at Zangamarajupalle which intrude the Cumbum Formation of the Cuddapah Basin. However, the age of the Tirumalgiri lamproite (c. 1256 Ma) is similar to that of the Ramannapeta lamproite (c. 1224 Ma) within the Krishna field. Our study provides evidence for protracted ultrapotassic (lamproitic) magmatism from c. 1.43 to 1.1 Ga over a widespread area (c. 2500 km2) in and around the Cuddapah Basin and the EDC. Implications of the obtained new ages for the diamond provenance of the Banganapalle Conglomerates, the age of the Kurnool Group and for the timing of break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia/Nuna are explored.

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Kusky, T. M., and A. M. C. Şengör. "Comparative orotomy of the Archean Superior and Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic systems." National Science Review, October 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac235.

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Abstract We compare and contrast the materials and mechanisms of continental crustal growth in the largest preserved regions of Phanerozoic and Archean juvenile additions to the crust, to test for similarities or differences in the formation of continents through time. We accomplish this through a comparison of map patterns, lithological contents, structural and metamorphic evolution, of the Phanerozoic Altaid orogenic system of Asia, with the Archean Superior Province of the North American Craton, in a method termed comparative orotomy. Both orogenic systems consist of collages of curvilinear belts of eroded arcs, some older continental slivers, and vast tracts of former subduction/accretionary complexes, containing numerous shreds of portions of the ophiolite suite, slivers of island and continental arcs, accreted oceanic plateaux, all intruded by multiple magmatic suites during or between multiple deformation events, then sliced by large transcurrent fault systems and bent into large oroclinal structures. We make this comparison because the Superior Province is a typical Archean craton that was later, in the Paleoproterozoic, incorporated into the larger North American craton, and has occupied a central position in several supercontinents (e.g., Kenorland, Nuna, which then formed the core of Columbia, Rodinia, Laurentia, and Pangea) during its longevity. Since it is the largest single fragment of Archean continental cratonic lithosphere preserved on Earth, the Superior Province is widely regarded as a testing ground about how Earth's continental crust was formed. Likewise, the Altaids encompass the largest region of crustal growth for the Phanerozoic. Our comparison with the Altaids is needed, as in recent years many myths about how the planet may have responded to higher heat production and flow in the Archean have emerged, because of trends in the science where the regional geology is ignored in favor of numerical models, isotopic proxies for assumed models of chemical behavior for crust-forming or tectonic processes, or comparisons with other-worldly bodies that bear little resemblance to our hydrous Earth. Thus, we return to the geological record, and here describe the map patterns, lithological associations, structural patterns, and evolution of both the Altaids and Superior Province, showing how comparative tectonics, orotomy, is useful in the absence of meaningful paleomagnetic or biostratigraphic data. We pay particular attention to the style of preservation of disaggregated members of the ophiolite suite (ophirags), their relationships with other tectonic units, and to the widespread but largely overlooked significance of late-stage major transcurrent motions and structural slicing of both Archean and Phanerozoic orogenic systems in defining the present-day architecture of both orogenic systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuna/Columbia supercontinent'

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