Academic literature on the topic 'Numerosity effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Numerosity effect"
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LIU, Wei, Zhi-Jun ZHANG, and Ya-Jun ZHAO. "Numerosity Adaptation Effect on the Basis of Perceived Numerosity." Acta Psychologica Sinica 44, no. 10 (April 16, 2013): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2012.01297.
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Gebuis, Titia, and Bert Reynvoet. "The Neural Mechanism Underlying Ordinal Numerosity Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 5 (May 2014): 1013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00541.
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Changes in the sensory properties of numerosity stimuli have a direct effect on the outcomes of nonsymbolic number tasks. This suggests a prominent role of sensory properties in numerosity processing. However, the current consensus holds that numerosity is processed independent of its sensory properties. To investigate the role of sensory cues in ordinal number processes, we manipulated both dimensions orthogonally. Participants passively viewed the stimuli while their brain activity was measured using EEG. The results revealed an interaction between numerosity and its sensory properties in the absence of main effects. Different neural responses were present for trials where numerosity and sensory cues changed in the same direction compared with trials where they changed in opposite directions. These results show that the sensory cues are expected to change in concert with numerosity and support the notion that the visual cues are taken into account when judging numerosity.
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Valsecchi, Matteo, Natale Stucchi, and Lisa Scocchia. "Repulsive Serial Effects in Visual Numerosity Judgments." Perception 47, no. 7 (May 6, 2018): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618775235.
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We investigated how the approximate perceived numerosity of ensembles of visual elements is modulated by the numerosity of previously viewed ensembles depending on whether the first ensemble is held in visual working memory or not. We show that the numerosity of the previously seen ensemble has a repulsive effect, that is, a stimulus with high numerosity induces an underestimation of the following one and vice versa. This repulsive effect is present regardless of whether the first stimulus is memorized or not. While subtle changes of the experimental paradigm can have major consequences for the nature of interstimulus dependencies in perception, generally speaking the fact that we found such effects in a visual numerosity estimation task confirms that the process by which human observers produce estimates of the number of elements bears analogies to the processes that lead to the perception of visual dimensions such as orientation.
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Zhou, Xinlin, Chaoran Shen, Leinian Li, Dawei Li, and Jiaxin Cui. "Mental Numerosity Line in the Human’s Approximate Number System." Experimental Psychology 63, no. 3 (June 2016): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000324.
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Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated existence of a mental line for symbolic numbers (e.g., Arabic digits). For nonsymbolic number systems, however, it remains unresolved whether a spontaneous spatial layout of numerosity exists. The current experiment investigated whether SNARC-like (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effects exist in approximate processing of numerosity, as well as of size and density. Participants were asked to judge whether two serially presented stimuli (i.e., dot arrays, pentagons) were the same regarding numbers of dots, sizes of the pentagon, or densities of dots. Importantly, two confounds that were overlooked by most previous studies were controlled in this study: no ordered numerosity was presented, and only numerosity in the approximate number system (beyond the subitizing range) was used. The results demonstrated that there was a SNARC-like effect only in the numerosity-matching task. The results suggest that numerosity could be spontaneously aligned to a left-to-right oriented mental line according to magnitude information in human’s approximate number system.
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Anobile, Giovanni, Guido Marco Cicchini, Antonella Pomè, and David Charles Burr. "Connecting visual objects reduces perceived numerosity and density for sparse but not dense patterns." Journal of Numerical Cognition 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v3i2.38.
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How is numerosity encoded by the visual system? – directly, or derived indirectly from texture density? We recently suggested that the numerosity of sparse patterns is encoded directly by dedicated mechanisms (which have been described as the “Approximate Number System” ANS). However, at high dot densities, where items become “crowded” and difficult to segregate, “texture-density” mechanisms come into play. Here we tested the importance of item segmentation on numerosity and density perception at various stimulus densities, by measuring the effect of connecting visual objects with thin lines. The results confirmed many previous studies showing that connecting items robustly reduces the apparent numerosity of patterns of moderate density. We further showed that the apparent density of moderate-density patterns is also reduced by connecting the dots. Crucially, we found that both these effects are strongly reduced at higher numerosities. Indeed for density judgments, the effect reverses, so connecting dots in dense patterns increases the apparent density (as expected from the physical characteristics). The results provide clear support for the three-regime framework of number perception, and suggest that for moderately sparse stimuli, numerosity – but not texture-density – is perceived directly.
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Simmons, Fiona, Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell, and Ruth S. Ogden. "Response-irrelevant number, duration, and extent information triggers the SQARC effect: Evidence from an implicit paradigm." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 9 (April 3, 2019): 2261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819839413.
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Spatial–Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) and Spatial–Quantity Association of Response Codes (SQARC) effects are evident when people produce faster left-sided responses to smaller numbers, sizes, and durations and faster right-sided responses to larger numbers, sizes, and durations. SQARC effects have typically been demonstrated in paradigms where the explicit processing of quantity information is required for successful task completion. The current study tested whether the implicit presentation of task-irrelevant magnitude information could trigger a SQARC effect as has been demonstrated previously when task-irrelevant information triggers a SNARC effect. In Experiment 1, participants ( n = 20) made orientation judgements for triangles varying in numerosity and physical extent. In Experiment 2, participants ( n = 20) made orientation judgements for triangles varying in numerosity and for a triangle preceded by a delay of varying duration. SNARC effects were observed for the numerosity conditions of Experiments 1 and 2 replicating Mitchell et al. SQARC effects were also demonstrated for physical extent and for duration. These findings demonstrate that SQARC effects can be implicitly triggered by the presentation of the task-irrelevant magnitude.
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Zhang, Jinbo, Zehua Wu, Jiashuang Wu, Yi Mou, and Zhenzhu Yue. "The effects of auditory numerosity and magnitude on visual numerosity representation: An ERP study." Journal of Numerical Cognition 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 164–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v6i2.234.
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Numerical representation is not restricted to sensory modalities. It remains unclear how numerosity processing in different modalities interacts within the brain. Moreover, the effect of continuous magnitudes presented in one modality on the representation of numerosity in another modality has not been well studied. By using event-related potential (ERP) and source localization analyses, the present study examined whether there was an interaction between auditory numerosity and continuous magnitude on visual numerosity representation. A visual dot array (visual standard stimulus) was preceded by sound in which numerosity (Multiple-tone vs. One-tone conditions) and magnitude (Loud-tone vs. Soft-tone conditions) information were manipulated. Then, another visual dot array (visual comparison stimulus) was presented, and participants were required to compare the numerosities of the visual dots. Behavioural results revealed that participants showed smaller just-noticeable differences (JNDs) when visual stimuli were preceded by multiple tones than those when visual stimuli were preceded by one tone. The subsequent ERP analysis of visual standard stimuli revealed that the peak amplitude of N1 was more negative under the Loud-tone condition than that under the Soft-tone condition, which could be related to better preparatory attention. Moreover, a significant interaction between auditory numerosity and magnitude was found within the P2p time window for the standard stimuli. Further source localization analysis identified the effect of N1 and P2p to be in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The present study suggests that numerosity information presented in one sensory modality could spontaneously affect the numerical representation in another modality.
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Petrizzo, Irene, Giovanni Anobile, Eleonora Chelli, Roberto Arrighi, and David Charles Burr. "Visual Duration but Not Numerosity Is Distorted While Running." Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010081.
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There is increasing evidence that action and perception interact in the processing of magnitudes such as duration and numerosity. Sustained physical exercise (such as running or cycling) increases the apparent duration of visual stimuli presented during the activity. However, the effect of exercise on numerosity perception has not yet been investigated. Here, we asked participants to make either a temporal or a numerical judgment by comparing the duration or numerosity of standard stimuli displayed at rest with those presented while running. The results support previous reports in showing that physical activity significantly expands perceived duration; however, it had no effect on perceived numerosity. Furthermore, the distortions of the perceived durations vanished soon after the running session, making it unlikely that physiological factors such as heart rate underlie the temporal distortion. Taken together, these results suggest a domain-selective influence of the motor system on the perception of time, rather than a general effect on magnitude.
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Burr, David, Giovanni Anobile, and Marco Turi. "Adaptation Affects Both High and Low (Subitized) Numbers Under Conditions of High Attentional Load." Seeing and Perceiving 24, no. 2 (2011): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847511x570097.
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AbstractIt has recently been reported that, like most sensory systems, numerosity is subject to adaptation. However, the effect seemed to be limited to numerosity estimation outside the subitizing range. In this study we show that low numbers, clearly in the subitizing range, are adaptable under conditions of high attentional load. These results support the idea that numerosity is detected by a perceptual mechanism that operates over the entire range of numbers, supplemented by an attention-based system for small numbers (subitizing).
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Ginsburg, Norman, and Laraine Pringle. "Haptic Numerosity Perception: Effect of Item Arrangement." American Journal of Psychology 101, no. 1 (1988): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1422798.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Numerosity effect"
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Gulledge, Jonathan Paul. "Hemispheric Differences in Numerical Cognition: A Comparative Investigation of how Primates Process Numerosity." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04122006-165711/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.David A. Washburn , committee chair; Claudio C. Cantalupo, Eric J. Vanman, Duane M. Rumbaugh, committee members. Electronic text (102 p. : col. ill.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-96).
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Su, I., and 蘇儀. "The Interaction Effect between Numerosity Effect and Product Format on Compromise Effects." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32996577407995626386.
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碩士國立高雄大學
亞太工商管理學系碩士班
102
Consumers will pay attention to the product information label when buying products in order to find the best products in their belief. Compromise effect means that consumers choose security option among the combination of three sorting level options due to the uncertainty of consumer preferences (Simonson, 1989). Numerosity effect refers to using different units to present information so that consumers generate judgment bias toward difference cognition of attribute level (Pandelaere et al., 2011). The author argued that whether the expansion (vs. contraction) value specifications would affect consumers’ compromise option should depend on the product type. This study explored the impact of different product types (e.g.. hedonic type vs. utility-based type) and numerosity effect (expansion vs. contraction) on compromise options. This study validated that, for hedonic products, although the expansion (vs. contraction) value specification would strengthen the advantage attribute of extreme options, thus increasing the attractiveness of extreme options; it could also strengthen a perceptual sense of guilt of choosing extreme options, thus reducing the attractiveness of extreme options. Therefore, even if expansion specifications wouldn’t enhance the attractiveness of extreme options, it wouldn’t affect the choice of compromise options. Conversely, for utility-based products, expansion (vs. contraction) value specifications would only strengthen the advantage attribute of extreme options without incurring a sense of guilt, thus enhancing the attractiveness of extreme options and reducing the choice of compromise option. This study conducted two experiments to verify this claim. The first experiment showed that the probability of choosing a compromise option would decrease when utility-based product portfolio is at expansion specifications (vs. contraction); hedonic product portfolio did not have a too serious impact. The second experiment used field experiments to validate the study claim. The results again showed that the probability of choosing a compromise option would decrease due to the interference of numerosity effect when utility-based product portfolio is at expansion specifications (vs. contraction); hedonic product portfolio did not have a too serious impact. The results of this study supported the relevant theory of how different product types would interfere with the impact of numerosity effect (expansion specification vs. contraction specifications) on compromise effect. Some suggestions on marketing practices are provided. Keywords: numerosity effect; hedonic products; compromise effect
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Rahimi, Nejad Mona. "Numerosity and Cognitive Complexity of a Medium as Moderators of Medium Effect on Effort." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5547.
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As a part of loyalty programs in marketing or as incentive plans in companies, mediums have attracted considerable interest from marketing and organizational behavior researchers. Previous studies focused mainly on the effects of mediums on people’s choices and not on the role of moderators of a medium effect. The goal of the present thesis is to study two such moderators namely the numerosity of a medium and the cognitive complexity of mediums. In this study, after a thorough theoretical analysis, experimental data is analyzed to explore the relation between numerosity and cognitive complexity of a medium on individuals’ efforts. Our findings suggest that the medium effect is stronger when a medium is more numerous. Also, a more cognitively complex medium makes the mediums more effective.
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Chang, Ai-Tzu, and 張嬡慈. "Influence of Computational Ease, Numerosity Effect and Reward Type on the Redemption for Frequent Flyer Miles." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85353991094279966218.
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碩士國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
105
The study investigated the computational ease for redeeming points intention. A 3(computational ease: high, low) × 2(numerosity effect: high, low) and 3(computational ease: high, low) × 2(reward type: hedonic goods, utilitarian goods)experimental design was introduced to analyze computational ease that stimulated the motivation of calculating. The results showed that airline ticket buyers are more likely and motivated to redeem the reward points for cash when they can easily calculate.Furthermore, the numerosity effect and reward type are implied to affect the motivation of calculating. When reward points for cash can easily calculate on high numerosity and hedonic goods, the willingness to redeem points will be increasing.Therefore, we can promote the willingness to redeem points if companies use easy-calculating strategy to attract and retain customers.
Books on the topic "Numerosity effect"
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Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Assistenza e solidarietà in Europa Secc. XIII-XVIII / Social assistance and solidarity in Europe from the 13th to the 18th Centuries. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-367-0.
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Il periodo compreso fra Medioevo ed Età Moderna registra una significativa evoluzione del welfare, attraverso il consolidamento e la specializzazione di istituzioni nate o trasformatesi con la precisa funzione di fare attività di solidarietà e assistenza. È attorno a queste istituzioni che si sono concentrate le ricerche raccolte in questo volume, con l’obiettivo di delinearne la nascita e l’evoluzione, ma anche le fonti di finanziamento e autofinanziamento, le strategie e le modalità di acquisizione delle risorse, la gestione e la evoluzione dei patrimoni, l’organizzazione funzionale e i costi interni di sostegno ai bisognosi e di gestione del personale. Quelle istituzioni giocarono spesso un ruolo significativo nel territorio in cui operavano e numerosi contributi si soffermano sugli effetti economici e sociali prodotti dalla loro azione, non solo in termini di redistribuzione del reddito e mantenimento della pace sociale, ma anche in relazione all’eventuale rapporto con la realtà produttiva, grazie all’immissione sul mercato di prodotti e servizi svolti dagli assistititi o dal personale dell’istituzione. Un’ultima sezione è infine dedicata alle reti di assistenza non formali (solidarietà e forme di credito in seno alle famiglie, ai gruppi di indigenti, alle comunità), attraverso le quali gli individui, le comunità e l’intera società, in assenza o carenza di strutture formalizzate, tentarono di proteggersi dai rischi legati all’indigenza e alla incapacità fisica.
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Nieder, Andreas. Neuronal Correlates of Non-verbal Numerical Competence in Primates. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.027.
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Non-verbal numerical competence, such as the estimation of set size, is rooted in biological primitives that can also be explored in animals. Over the past years, the anatomical substrates and neuronal mechanisms of numerical cognition in primates have been unravelled down to the level of single neurons. Studies with behaviourally-trained monkeys have identified a parietofrontal network of individual neurons selectively tuned to the number of items (cardinal aspect) or the rank of items in a sequence (ordinal aspect). The properties of these neurons’ numerosity tuning curves can explain fundamental psychophysical phenomena, such as the numerical distance and size effect. Functionally overlapping groups of parietal neurons represent not only numerable-discrete quantity (numerosity), but also innumerable-continuous quantity (extent) and relations between quantities (proportions), supporting the idea of a generalized magnitude system in the brain. Moreover, many neurons in the prefrontal cortex establish semantic associations between signs and abstract numerical categories, a neuronal precursor mechanisms that may ultimately give rise to symbolic number processing in humans. These studies establish putative homologies between the monkey and human brain, and demonstrate the suitability of non-human primates as model system to explore the neurobiological roots of the brain’s non-verbal quantification system, which may constitute the phylogenetic and ontogenetic foundation of all further, more elaborate numerical skills in humans.
Book chapters on the topic "Numerosity effect"
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Tennant, Neil. "Formal Results about the Inductively Defined Numerically Exact Quantifiers." In The Logic of Number, 137–52. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846679.003.0013.
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This chapter is devoted to the excruciating drudgery of a logical monk actually doing the work that a logical saint would find unnecessary, to establish the metatheorem which states that for all n, and for all substituends for Φ, one has ∇nxΦx⊣⊢⋄nxΦx. Note that although for any particular n one can effectively find the requisite proofs in monadic first-order logic, the proof of the metatheorem itself, because of its general form, does not proceed within monadic first-order logic. An important philosophical corollary of this metatheorem is that no ordering of the Φs—be it one intrinsic to them, or imposed upon them arbitrarily in the act of counting—can possibly figure into the truth-conditions of numerosity statements to the effect that ‘there are exactly this-many Φs’.