Relevant bibliographies by topics / Null frames

Academic literature on the topic 'Null frames'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Null frames"

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Ilarslan, Kazim, and Emilija Nešović. "On Bishop frame of a null Cartan curve in Minkowski space-time." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 08 (June 22, 2018): 1850142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818501426.

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In this paper, we define the Bishop frame of a null Cartan curve in Minkowski space-time [Formula: see text]. We obtain the Bishop’s frame equations of a null Cartan curve which lies in the timelike hyperplane of [Formula: see text]. We show that a null Cartan cubic lying in the timelike hyperplane of [Formula: see text] has two Bishop frames, one of which coincides with its Cartan frame. We also derive the Bishop’s frame equation of the null Cartan curve which has the third Cartan curvature [Formula: see text]. As an application, we find a solution of the null Betchov-Da Rios vortex filament equation in terms of a null Cartan curve and its Bishop frame, which generates a timelike Hasimoto surface.
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Lutey, Matt, Mohammad Kabir Hassan, and Dave Rayome. "An Application of Can Slim Investing in the Dow Jones Benchmark." Asian Journal of Economic Modelling 6, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2018.63.274.286.

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This paper provides an alternative view of the popular CAN SLIM investing strategy by modifying and weighting the criterion. The modified criterion is used to build a portfolio in each of three overlapping time frames. The results of the study are compared to a Dow Jones Industrial Average benchmark over the same time frame and is evaluated on a risk adjusted basis. The study finds that the system outperforms the market on a risk adjusted basis in all three time frames and holds a high R Squared for each timeframe. The null hypothesis for the majority of this paper is to test whether the mean returns of the strategy are significantly different from zero on a monthly basis. This is tested over three overlapping timeframes of five years, ten years and sixteen years respectively. A further hypothesis is tested for the 2008-2009 timeframe and is whether the mean excess returns of the strategy are significantly different from zero when compared to the Dow Jones benchmark. This paper finds that the null hypothesis is rejected over all time frames with strong evidence. An exception is the 16-year time frame where the null is rejected with weak evidence.
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López, Rafael, Željka Milin Šipuš, Ljiljana Primorac Gajčić, and Ivana Protrka. "Involutes of Pseudo-Null Curves in Lorentz–Minkowski 3-Space." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111256.

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In this paper, we analyze involutes of pseudo-null curves in Lorentz–Minkowski 3-space. Pseudo-null curves are spacelike curves with null principal normals, and their involutes can be defined analogously as for the Euclidean curves, but they exhibit properties that cannot occur in Euclidean space. The first result of the paper is that the involutes of pseudo-null curves are null curves, more precisely, null straight lines. Furthermore, a method of reconstruction of a pseudo-null curve from a given null straight line as its involute is provided. Such a reconstruction process in Euclidean plane generates an evolute of a curve, however it cannot be applied to a straight line. In the case presented, the process is additionally affected by a choice of different null frames that every null curve allows (in this case, a null straight line). Nevertheless, we proved that for different null frames, the obtained pseudo-null curves are congruent. Examples that verify presented results are also given.
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Grbović, Milica, and Emilija Nešović. "On the Bishop frames of pseudo null and null Cartan curves in Minkowski 3-space." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 461, no. 1 (May 2018): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2018.01.014.

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Ertuğ Gürbüz, Nevin. "The variation of the electric field along optic fiber for null Cartan and pseudo-null frames." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, no. 08 (May 12, 2021): 2150122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988782150122x.

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In this paper, we introduce new frame and new transformation associated with combined Korteweg–de Vries–modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV–mKdV) equation, the mKdV and the KdV equations with respect to the null Cartan frame in Minkowski 3-space. Direction of the state of polarization of monochromatic linear polarized light wave traveling in the optic fiber is given by the direction of electric field vector. We show that the electric field vector [Formula: see text] can be expressed as a linear combination of null Cartan frame apparatus using this new transformation in Minkowski 3-space. Later, we study rotation of the polarization plane along optic fiber according to null Cartan frame and Frenet frame of pseudo-null curve in Minkowski 3-space. Finally, we obtain Lorentz force equations via null and pseudo null electromagnetic curves.
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ILARSLAN, Kazim, Ali UCUM, Emilija NESOVIC, and Nihal KILIC ASLAN. "Mannheim B-curve couples in Minkowski 3-space." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 51, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.51.2020.3059.

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In this paper, we define null Cartan and pseudo null Mannheim curves in Minkowski 3-space according to their Bishop frames. We obtain the necessary and the sufficient conditions for pseudo null curves to be Mannheim B-curves in terms of their Bishop curvatures. We prove that there are no null Cartan curves in Minkowski 3-space which are Mannheim B-curves, by considering the cases when their Mannheim B-mate curves are spacelike, timelike, null Cartan and pseudo null curves. Finally, we give some examples of pseudo null Mannheim B-curve pairs.
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Grbovic, Milica, Kazim Ilarslan, and Emilija Nesovic. "On generalized null Mannheim curves in Minkowski space-time." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 99, no. 113 (2016): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1613077g.

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We define generalized null Mannheim curves in Minkowski space-time and characterize them and their generalized Mannheim mate curves in terms of curvature functions, and obtain relations between their frames. We provide examples of such curves.
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Azak, Ayşe Zeynep, Murat Tosun, and Melek Masal. "Null parallel p-equidistant b-scrolls." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 32, no. 2 (September 11, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v32i2.20119.

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In this paper, null parallel p-equidistant B-scrolls are defined in 3-dimensional Minkowski space R_1^3 . We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for these B-scrolls to be equivalent of their Cartan frames. The relations between matrices of the shape operators and the algebraic invariants (Gauss, mean curvatures, principal curvatures) of these B-scrolls are shown. Besides we give the relations between second Gauss curvatures, mean curvatures and the distribution parameters of non-developable null parallel p-equidistant B-scrolls. Finally, an example is given related to the null parallel p-equidistant B-scrolls in R_1^3.
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Grbović, Milica, and Emilija Nešović. "On Bäcklund transformation and vortex filament equation for pseudo null curves in Minkowski 3-space." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, no. 06 (June 15, 2016): 1650077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816500778.

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In this paper, we introduce Bäcklund transformation of a pseudo null curve in Minkowski 3-space as a transformation mapping a pseudo null helix to another pseudo null helix congruent to the given one. We also give the sufficient conditions for a transformation between two pseudo null curves in the Minkowski 3-space such that these curves have equal constant torsions. By using the Da Rios vortex filament equation, based on localized induction approximation (LIA), we derive the vortex filament equation for a pseudo null curve and prove that the evolution equation for the torsion is the viscous Burger’s equation. As an application, we show that pseudo null curves and their Frenet frames generate solutions of the Da Rios vortex filament equation.
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Qian, Jinhua, Xueshan Fu, and Seoung Dal Jung. "Darboux Associated Curves of a Null Curve on Pseudo-Riemannian Space Forms." Mathematics 8, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8030395.

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In this work, the Darboux associated curves of a null curve on pseudo-Riemannian space forms, i.e., de-Sitter space, hyperbolic space and a light-like cone in Minkowski 3-space are defined. The relationships of such partner curves are revealed including the relationship of their Frenet frames and the curvatures. Furthermore, the Darboux associated curves of k-type null helices are characterized and the conclusion that a null curve and its self-associated curve share the same Darboux associated curve is obtained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Null frames"

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Danczi, Dávid. "Programová podpora definování projektu s využitím LFM (Logical Frame Method)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236613.

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The goal of this diploma thesis is realization of program support for project definition with usage of logical frame method. First chapters of this thesis summarize the theoretical basis necessary for application design and its realization. Next parts deal with system design and implementation. The conclusion of thesis discusses program usage in real environment and further upgrades possibility.
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Viktorin, Martin. "Programová podpora definování projektu s využitím LFM (Logical Frame Method)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235896.

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The purpose of this work is to design and implement software support for Project Definition of LFM (Logical Frame Method). The first part is about project management and about necessity to use it for solving projects. There is description of phases of project and detailed description of logical frame method. In the second part there is system requirements analysis, description of the application via UML and implementation of application which was created in development environment Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 in C# language. There is a short summary, possible extensions and comparing with existing applications in the end of the work.
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Svorad, Adam. "Zvýšení kvality v obrazu obličeje s použitím sekvence snímků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442384.

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Diplomova praca sa zameriava na oblast zaostrovania obrazkov tvari. V teoretickej casti prace budu prezentovane moderne metody zaostrovania obrazkov pomocou jedineho obrazku a metody editacie obrazkov. Prakticka cast sa zameria na pristupy rekonstrukcie obrazkov zo sekvencie poskodenych obrazkov. Viacere modely neuronovych sieti so vstupom pre viacero obrazkov budu zhotovene a vyhodnotene. Alternativny pristup v podobe balika nastrojov na editaciu obrazkov bude taktiez predstaveny. Tieto nastroje budu vyuzivat najmodernejsie pristupy k editacii obrazkov s cielom spojit vizualne prvky tvari zo vstupnej sekvencie obrazkov do jedneho finalneho vystupu. V zavere prace budu vsetky metody navzajom porovnane.
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Špiřík, Jan. "Modul pro generování "atomů" pro přeparametrizovanou reprezentaci signálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218234.

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The aim of this master thesis is generating new "atoms'' for purposes of overcomplete signal representation for toolbox Frames in MATLAB. At first is described the principle of overcomplete systems and so-called frames. In the thesis is introduced the basic distribution of frames and conditions of their constructions. There is described the basic principle of finding the sparse solutions in overcomplete systems too. The main part is dealt with construction single functions for generating "atoms'', such as: Gabor function, B-splines, Bézier curves, Daubechies wavelets, etc. At last there is introduced an example of usage these functions for reconstruction signal in comparison with Fourier and wavelet transforms.
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Klembara, Lukáš. "Paletový dopravník." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228664.

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This master’s thesis describes the structural design of pallet conveyor for the transport pallet unit between the ground floor and upper storey of warehouse buildings, according to given technical parameters. The work includes design and functional solution for driven roller track. It solves lifting of frame cage and roller track and the pallet unit, using traction gearless drive. There is used cable transfer 2:1. Frame cage is equipped with a mandatory safety gear. The design is verified strength calculations of the frame lift and frame cage. Part of the thesis is the drawing documentation.
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Farkač, Pavel. "The Integration of Electricity Markets in Central Europe in the Frame of Energy Union." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262358.

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This paper examines the possibilities for further integration of day-ahead electricity market in Central Europe. The contemporary situation is locked due to the existence of the German-Austria bidding zone. However, compliance of this bidding zone with European legislative is questionable. Therefore, the author makes a thorough legal analysis to assess the compatibility of both analysed projects for market coupling with the recent legal development in the European Union. Further, the examined projects are technically deconstructed in order to evaluate their conformity or differences between each other as well as in relation towards the EU Target Model. It is assessed, that both projects are relatively well technically compatible, however, their merger is not possible until the definite and binding decision on the issue of German-Austrian bidding zone will be found.
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Holá, Ludmila. "Víceúčelový rekreační objekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226513.

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This master thesis deals with the proposal of a multifunctional recreational facility. The complex of buildings consists of a guesthouse and stables. The guesthouse is a single-storey building with a residential attic. It also includes a restaurant with a mini-brewery and a shop selling horse riding products. The guesthouse is designed to accommodate up to 41 people. The first floor is barrier-free. The main entrance of the guesthouse and the shop faces southwest. The restaurant is accessible from the southeast. There are paved guest parking areas around the buildings. The building of stables with its accompanying facilities is a single-storey which is designed to stable 17 horses. The main entrance of the stables faces southeast and the building is also accessible from the northeast and the northwest. Both buildings have a gabled roof which consists of supporting rafters. The buildings are as designed a timber-frame construction with a supporting frame made of timber pillars which is coated with the FERMACELL boards.
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Škaloud, Martin. "Návrh alternativní konstrukce rámu formulového vozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230197.

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The diploma work focuses on the proposal of formula car support frame type alternative designed for international students´ competition Formula Student. As a first is this competition shortly described. Following basic information about possible support frame in competition, the rules description for the frame from thin-walled profiles as well as for composite structure. As the other are shown the most used material types by the tube frames. Continues the practical (design) part of the work. The work continues in construction/design part. Here are mentioned the requirements for the frame creating, calculation of each torsion strength and construction proposal including creating the analysis model. In the final part is realize the simulation in FEM program and simply described the alternative proposal together with the evaluation.
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Tučník, Peter. "Mobilní zařízení pro měření geometrie kol osobního automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228726.

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This thesis is a proposal of a mobile wheel alignment system for passenger cars. Firstly, basic requirements for the manageability of a vehicle, as well as the most important parameters needed for the proper understanding of wheel alignment are explained. Further on, the text is focused on the construction, functioning and main principles of wheel alignment systems used for checking of the wheel alignment of both passenger cars, as well as race cars. Main differences will be explained. The second part is an analysis of a proposal of a wheel alignment system. Four different solutions are presented, all of them having undergone an analysis of their traction, as well as deformation. Each solution is supplemented with a calculation of price and used materials. Finally, all parts of a system are described in detail.
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Haman, Martin. "Design rámu horského kola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229015.

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The aim of master thesis is the design of full suspension mountain bike frame for racing and competition use. The base of the design solution is selection optimal conception of suspension which influence external design of the frame. General benefit of this concept is utilizing specific properties of carbon composite for design of funkcional frame parts and their technical and visual integration. Important part of this work is design of frame details: rear ends, rear shox's link and duct of the bowdens, wires and brake hydraulic housing.
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Books on the topic "Null frames"

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Hu, Xuhui. Non-canonical objects, motion events, and verb/satellite-framed typology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0007.

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Based on the Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis and the theory of the syntax of events, this chapter explores the syntactic nature of the Chinese non-canonical object construction. The object in this construction is introduced by a null P, which is incorporated into the verbal head position, and a lexical verb serves as a functional item, vDO. This account is extended to the analysis of the motion event construction in Chinese. It involves the incorporation of a P into the verbal head position filled with a vDO in the form of a lexical verb. The only difference is that this P is phonologically overt. Therefore, the [V+Path] chunk in Chinese is a single lexical item. This means that the Chinese motion event construction by nature patterns with its counterpart in verb-framed languages, a conclusion that goes against the common assumption that Chinese is a satellite-framed language.
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Troberg, Michelle, and Heather Burnett. From Latin to Modern French: A punctuated shift. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0008.

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This chapter presents data that challenge the prevailing assumption that as Latin evolves into French, it passes gradually from a satellite-framed language to a verb-framed language. In fact, Medieval French presents an unexpected intermediate stage, a grammar that includes a number of satellite-framed constructions that are present neither in Latin nor in Modern French (verb particles, goal-of-motion constructions, complex adjectival resultative constructions). Moreover, there is evidence that these constructions disappear abruptly during the same period. We provide a micro-parametric account for the presence of verb particles and goal-of-motion constructions in Medieval French whereby both are made possible through the presence of a null Path morpheme having the meaning of TO, which arises as early as Late Latin, as the Latin telicizing prefixes become decreasingly salient.
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Book chapters on the topic "Null frames"

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Hoops, Sabrina, Hanna Permien, and Peter Rieker. "Delinquenz von Kindern — Befunde, Perspektiven, Fragen." In Zwischen null Toleranz und null Autorität, 11–27. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97893-6_1.

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Trinkaus, Stephan. "»As communication arises out of silence« (Winnicott)." In Denkweisen des Spiels, 53–68. Wien: Turia + Kant, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-10_03.

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Die letzten Szenen von Deutschland im Jahre Null von Roberto Rossellini: Ein Junge geht allein durch die Trümmer des zerstörten Berlins. Der Junge scheint nicht zu wissen, ob die Welt aus Trümmern, in der, mit der er spielt, ihn halten wird, ob er nicht bereits stürzt. Die Frage ist also gerade nicht Spielen oder Fallen, sondern eher ist es das Fallen selbst, das hier spielt und die Frage wäre dann: Ist das Spielen in der Lage sich selbst, also sein eigenes Fallen zu halten?
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Klainerman, Sergiu, and Jérémie Szeftel. "Preliminaries." In Global Nonlinear Stability of Schwarzschild Spacetime under Polarized Perturbations, 24–88. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691212425.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the main quantities, equations, and basic tools needed in the following chapters. It is the main reference kit providing all main null structure and null Bianchi equations, in general null frames, in the context of axially symmetric polarized spacetimes. The chapter translates the null structure and null Bianchi identities associated to an S-foliation in the reduced picture. It starts with general, Z-invariant, S-foliation, before considering the special case of geodesic foliations. The chapter then looks at perturbations of Schwarzschild and invariant quantities. It investigates how the main Ricci and curvature quantities change relative to frame transformations, i.e., linear transformations which take null frames into null frames. Finally, the chapter presents wave equations for the invariant quantities.
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"The null structure in the semi-hyperboidal frame." In Series in Applied and Computational Mathematics, 47–61. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814641630_0004.

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Deb, Rajat, Priti Kumari Mahto, and Lina Deka. "Influence of Mobile Apps on Household Saving-Spending Behavior." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 169–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3045-0.ch010.

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The study has attempted to assess the influence of use of mobile apps on the household saving-spending behavior. Accessing a digital library, three research hypotheses have been framed, and for executing the study, an online survey has been conducted amongst the 107 employees of two leading private banks. A pre-test has affirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Inferential statistics have indicated likely to reject all the null hypotheses, and it has to conclude that multiple determinants and use of mobile apps have significant influences on saving and spending behavior. Policy implications indicated and limitations have been acknowledged.
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Ginsberg, Benjamin, and Kathryn Wagner Hill. "Congress and the Courts." In Congress, 261–89. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300220537.003.0009.

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This chapter turns to the relationship between the legislative and judiciary branches. It shows that in contemporary America, the judiciary has formed a de facto “union” with the executive and has in some respects helped to diminish the role of Congress in the American governmental system. This was not always the case, however, as the constitutional system of checks and balances assigns Congress a good deal of power over the judiciary. When they created the Constitution's system of separated powers and checks and balances, the framers had regarded the Congress as the branch most likely to seek to expand its power and the judiciary as the “least dangerous branch.” Since then, however, Americans have come to accept the idea that the federal courts can declare acts of Congress to be inconsistent with the Constitution and, therefore, null and void.
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Freitas, Ana Paula Moreira de, and Santos Alberto Enriquez-Remigio. "SOLUÇÕES FRACAS PARA EQUAÇÃO DE BURGERS COM VISCOSIDADE NULA." In Ensino Aprendizagem de Matemática, 235–43. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.45719200822.

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Lu, P., H. Wu, G. Yao, K. Zhang, and S. Wang. "Null live load point identification method of live load for continuous rigid frame bridges based on monitoring data." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life Extension, 1314–18. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17063-197.

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Conference papers on the topic "Null frames"

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Gu, Wenjun, Zhimin Yang, Can Que, Dong Xuan, and Weijia Jia. "On Security Vulnerabilities of Null Data Frames in IEEE 802.11 Based WLANs." In 2008 28th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2008.17.

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Yun, C. H., X. Zhang, V. Kumar, and M. G. Edwards. "Stress Isolation Structures in MEMS Gyroscope Packages." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33493.

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This paper describes the impact of lead frame design to minimize mechanical and thermal stresses to a MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) gyroscope in a plastic premold cavity package. Design ideas for incorporating stress-isolation structures by etching the die paddle in a lead frame were evaluated with finite element modeling (FEM) and experimental verifications. The results showed that the null drift due to external mechanical stress was significantly improved by more than one order of magnitude, and the temperature variation of the device output was also improved by 30%, both by mounting the device on the lead frame etched with stress-isolation structures.
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Bara, Mircea. "The Dynamic Study of a Frontal-Sinusoidal Transmissions With Balls." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79048.

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The first part of the paper are analyzed the components of the torque of the forces of inertia that act upon the frame of the frontal–sinusoidal transmission with balls. Analyzing at turn the expressions of the main vector and of the momentum of the forces of inertia one realizes that these are null, which shows that the transmission is balanced. In the second part they determine the way in which the geometrical parameters of the running channels of the balls influence the energy dissipation in the frontal sinusoidal transmission with balls.
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Winkler, Robert G., Dimitrios Plakomytis, and Johannes Gerstmayr. "A Null Space Projection Approach for Modally Reduced Flexible Multibody Systems." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59241.

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Light-weight structures and high-performance mechanical systems lead to an increasing amount of vibrations. In order to comply with standards in noise and vibration limits, the simulation of flexible multibody systems is inevitable. Due to the size of the finite element models of real-life mechanical systems, a model order reduction is necessary for the efficient simulation of such large scale flexible multibody systems. Currently, the most widely used technique for modelling and simulation of large scale flexible multibody systems is based on the Floating Frame of Reference Formulation (FFRF) of the modally reduced bodies. Recently, alternatives to the FFRF have been proposed, e.g. the Generalized Component Mode Synthesis (GCMS) which uses an absolute or inertial description of the modes. GCMS leads to a concise form of the equations of motion and a constant mass matrix. Within the context of the GCMS method, the rigid body motion is described with twelve coordinates while the deformation of the body is represented with nine coordinates for each flexible mode. The main drawback of the GCMS method is that the number of flexible coordinates is nine times higher as compared to the classic FFRF and therefore when more modes are needed the efficiency of the method can be impaired. Therefore, the objective of the present paper is the further reduction of the new flexible coordinates by means of a null space projection method. Null space methods have been extensively used in order to develop efficient integration algorithms for rigid bodies, flexible beams and shells; however their applicability to modally reduced flexible multibody systems has not been studied intensively. In the paper herein, we develop a new formulation for modally reduced flexible multibody systems which involves a projection onto the null space of properly defined (internal) constraint conditions imposed to the flexible coordinates. It is important to note that focus is put on the description of the projection in the continuous case rather than the discrete which will be addressed in later developments. The proposed formulation is derived in great detail and it is shown that the simple form of the equations of motion of the GCMS method is almost retained. Finally, the applicability and performance of the method is assessed by means of a numerical example.
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Knoblauch, Kenneth, and Laurence T. Maloney. "Indeterminacy of a Privileged Coordinate Frame Based on Discrimination Measures: Analysis and Experimental Tests." In Advances in Color Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acv.1992.sac3.

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A basic aim in the study of vision is to determine the fundamental mechanisms that mediate discrimination performance. In color vision, the description of discrimination data by an ellipsoidal representation has been very successful but at the cost of an indeterminacy in the knowledge of which axes in color space correspond to mechanism directions. For example, in the work of Wandell and colleagues (Wandell, 1982; Poirson et al., 1990) color discrimination contours are described by a mapping, A, from receptor coordinates to a privileged coordinate frame in which threshold differences map onto a unit sphere, where v is a color difference vector. As they so indicate, the matrix A is determined by the data only up to an arbitrary orthogonal transform. If the privileged coordinate frame is interpreted as a mechanism space, then the mechanisms mediating discrimination are specified only to within rotations and mirror image reflections. Geometrically, this means that the discrimination mechanisms do not necessarily lie along the principal axes of the ellipsoid that describes threshold but could lie along any set of axes for which the threshold lengths are mapped into unit orthogonal directions by A. Consequently, discrimination thresholds would not be sufficient to specify uniquely mechanism directions. Additional factors must be taken into account to pin down which axes of an ellipsoid correspond to visual mechanisms, e.g., specifying directions along which a mechanism might be null, based on adaptational (Krauskopf et al., 1982) or perceptual (Thornton and Pugh, 1983) criteria.
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Simoes, Leandro G. C., Filipe A. N. Verri, and Takashi Yoneyama. "Spending Segmentation and Outlier Detection in Brazilian Elections." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11960.

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The political campaigns in Brazilian elections are mostly financed by public money. Every candidate has to provide detailed accountability reports to the legal authorities, which must be analyzed in a short time frame in search of eventual fraud or suspicious transactions. In this work we have compiled a real data set from 2016 Brazilian elections for all city councils in the São Paulo state and used it to propose a framework of data segmentation analysis and validation. An exploratory data analysis is performed to determine the features distribution and to define the required feature pre-processing tasks. A clustering analysis using DBSCAN method is applied to a subset of the original data, focused on segmenting the spending data regarding contracts with car fuel providers and detecting potential outliers. Three clusters were identified and a ridge regression model was used to evaluate the most important features on cluster definition. One cluster was related to candidates that received zero votes and the remaining two discriminated suppliers if they had or not contracts almost exclusively related to candidate spending on car fuel. The hyperparameters from the clustering analysis were validated using a bootstrap method and a null hypothesis of data set structure randomness was rejected using a Monte Carlo approach.
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Dargahi, Mozhgan Momtaz, and David Lattanzi. "Spatial Statistical Methods for Complexity-Based Point Cloud Analysis." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2294.

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Abstract Modern remote sensing technologies now provide the basis for flexible and highly accurate three-dimensional geometric modeling of structures in the form of point clouds. To date, most efforts are focused on how to use these point clouds to form a digital twin of an asset, but these models can also be used to augment and improve condition assessment and structural health monitoring (SHM). However, point cloud analytics require unique approaches given the complexity and scale of the data. To illustrate these capabilities, we propose a new SHM method that leverages 3D point cloud data and the evolution of this data over time. Taking inspiration from recent work on the use of complexity measures for sensor driven SHM, here we adapt the concept for spatial analysis of 3D digital twins. The fundamental assumption that underpins the approach presented here is that, as a structure degrades in integrity, the randomness of the data increases when compared against the null model of the homogeneous Poisson process, otherwise described as ‘complete spatial randomness’ (CSR). In spatial point analysis, points from a baseline model are generated and placed within a normalized Cartesian reference frame. The spatial randomness of this baseline is considered the null model of the homogeneous Poisson process. In subsequent 3D models of an asset, spatial complexity metrics are recomputed on a local neighborhood level, with increased complexity corresponding to potential damage or degradation of the asset. Another question of interest is to provide a suitable mathematical model for this underlying temporal evolution. Compared to more conventional analytical approaches that can only detect data anomalies via a single computation, this complexity-based approach enables us to further integrate multi-level information, in the form of first and second order moment metrics, to evaluate data anomalies in more depth. In this method we use the variation of the first and second moments of the average intensity of the points in space. A first order metric of a point pattern represents the density change across the study region such as Quadrat density or Kernel density. The second-order metric of the point pattern considers the distance between points, effectively quantifying how points are distributed relative to one another. Examples include Ripley’s K-function, the L-function or Baddeley’s J-function. This analytical approach was tested on a variety of laboratory scale specimens with varying levels of damage and degradation. The results show that this new technique provides rapid analytical capabilities for finding damage and quantifying both damage and evolution in point clouds. Ongoing work seeks to scale up these measures to full-scale specimens, and to explore methods of using the results for damage prognosis through statistical time-series modeling of the evolution of the complexity metrics.
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Donahue, Benjamin B. "Mars Transfer Vehicle and Lander Concepts for Human Exploration Missions in the 2031–2038 Time Frame." In SPACE TECH.& APPLIC.INT.FORUM-STAIF 2006: 10th Conf Thermophys Applic Microgravity; 23rd Symp Space Nucl Pwr & Propulsion; 4th Conf Human/Robotic Tech & Nat'l Vision for Space Explor.; 4th Symp Space Coloniz.; 3rd Symp on New Frontiers & Future Concepts. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2169287.

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