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Journal articles on the topic 'NUCLEON SPIN'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Zhu, Wei, and Jianhong Ruan. "Nucleon spin structure." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 10 (October 2015): 1550077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500779.

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This paper contains three parts relating to the nucleon spin structure in a simple picture of the nucleon: (i) The polarized gluon distribution in the proton is dynamically predicted starting from a low scale by using a nonlinear quantum chromodynamics (QCD) evolution equation — the Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Paris (DGLAP) equation with the parton recombination corrections, where the nucleon is almost consisted only of valence quarks. We find that the contribution of the gluon polarization to the nucleon spin structure is much larger than the predictions of most other theories. This result suggests that a significant orbital angular momentum of the gluons is required to balance the gluon spin momentum. (ii) The spin structure function [Formula: see text] of the proton is studied, where the perturbative evolution of parton distributions and nonperturbative vector meson dominance (VMD) model are used. We predict [Formula: see text] asymptotic behavior at small x from lower Q2to higher Q2. The results are compatible with the data including the early HERA estimations and COMPASS new results. (iii) The generalized Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn (GDH) sum rule is understood based on the polarized parton distributions of the proton with the higher twist contributions. A simple parameterized formula is proposed to clearly present the contributions of different components in the proton to [Formula: see text]. The results suggest a possible extended objects with size 0.2–0.3 fm inside the proton.

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2

Korsch, Wolfgang, and Polarized ³He Collaborat Jefferson Lab. "Nucleon Spin Structure." Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics 21, no. 2-4 (November 1, 2004): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aph.21.2004.2-4.31.

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3

Brown, G. E., E. Osnes, and Mannque RHO. "Nucleon-nucleon effective spin-isospin interaction." Physics Letters B 163, no. 1-4 (November 1985): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)90188-1.

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4

SCHWENK, ACHIM, GERALD E. BROWN, and BENGT FRIMAN. "EFFECTIVE NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTION AND FERMI LIQUID THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 28 (November 10, 2003): 5221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203020363.

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We present two novel relations between the quasiparticle interaction in nuclear matter and the unique low momentum nucleon-nucleon interaction in vacuum. These relations provide two independent constraints on the Fermi liquid parameters of nuclear matter. Moreover, the new constraints define two combinations of Fermi liquid parameters, which are invariant under the renormalisation group flow in the particle-hole channels. Using empirical values for the spin-independent Fermi liquid parameters, we are able to compute the major spin-dependent ones by imposing the new constraints as well as the Pauli principle sum rules.

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5

ALVIOLI, MASSIMILIANO, CLAUDIO CIOFI DEGLI ATTI, LEONID P. KAPTARI, CHIARA BENEDETTA MEZZETTI, and HIKO MORITA. "UNIVERSALITY OF NUCLEON–NUCLEON SHORT-RANGE CORRELATIONS AND NUCLEON MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 08 (August 2013): 1330021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131330021x.

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By analyzing recent microscopic many-body calculations of few-nucleon systems and complex nuclei performed by different groups in terms of realistic nucleon–nucleon (NN) interactions, it is shown that NN short-range correlations (SRCs) have a universal character, in that the correlation hole that they produce in nuclei appears to be almost A-independent and similar to the correlation hole in the deuteron. The correlation hole creates high-momentum components, missing in a mean-field (MF) description and exhibiting several scaling properties and a peculiar spin–isospin structure. In particular, the momentum distribution of a pair of nucleons in spin–isospin state (ST) = (10), depending upon the pair relative (k rel ) and center-of-mass (c.m.) (K c.m. ) momenta, as well as upon the angle Θ between them, exhibits a remarkable property: in the region k rel ≳2 fm -1 and K c.m. ≲1 fm -1, the relative and c.m. motions are decoupled and the two-nucleon momentum distribution factorizes into the deuteron momentum distribution and an A-dependent momentum distribution describing the c.m. motion of the pair in the medium. The impact of these and other properties of one- and two-nucleon momentum distributions on various nuclear phenomena, on ab initio calculations in terms of low-momentum interactions, as well as on ongoing experimental investigations of SRCs, are briefly commented.

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6

HENNECK, R., J. CAMPBELL, J. GÖTZ, M. HAMMANS, G. MASSON, I. SICK, B. v. PRZEWOSKI, et al. "THE NUCLEON-NUCLEUS SPIN-SPIN INTERACTION." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 51, no. C6 (November 1990): C6–411—C6–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990640.

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7

KRAVCHENKO, S. M., and A. P. SOZNIK. "POTENTIAL OF NUCLEON INTERACTION WITH ODD NUCLEI IN THE HARTREE-FOCK THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 08, no. 02 (April 1999): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301399000112.

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An expression for the real part of the optical potential of nucleon interaction with odd nuclei is derived in the Hartree-Fock approximation with effective density-dependent nucleon-nucleon interaction. It is shown for 13 C nucleus, as an example, that this potential contains the central interaction, as well as two spin-orbit forces connected with the spins of scattered nucleon and nucleus, and quite strong spin-spin and tensor interactions. The simple analytical expressions have been obtained for these potentials. The radial distributions of the interactions obtained and their energy dependences are investigated. It is shown that all potentials differ for neutron and proton scattering while the spin-spin and tensor forces in both cases have opposite signs, complicated radial dependences and are the same by an order of magnitude on the nuclear surface.

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8

Yin He, Fan Wang, and Chun Wa Wong. "Nucleon core size and nucleon-nucleon spin-orbit forces." Nuclear Physics A 448, no. 4 (February 1986): 652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90435-5.

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9

Hippchen, T., J. Speth, and Mikkel B. Johnson. "Spin-spin and tensor observables in the isovector nucleon-nucleon force." Physical Review C 40, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 1316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.40.1316.

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10

Adam, C., J. Sanchez-Guillen, and A. Wereszczynski. "On the spin excitation energy of the nucleon in the Skyrme model." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 11 (November 2016): 1650097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131650097x.

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In the Skyrme model of nucleons and nuclei, the spin excitation energy of the nucleon is traditionally calculated by a fit of the rigid rotor quantization of spin/isospin of the fundamental Skyrmion (the hedgehog) to the masses of the nucleon and the Delta resonance. The resulting, quite large spin excitation energy of the nucleon of about [Formula: see text] is, however, rather difficult to reconcile with the small binding energies of physical nuclei, among other problems. Here, we argue that a more reliable interval of values for the spin excitation energy of the nucleon, compatible with many physical constraints is between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The fit of the rigid rotor to the Delta, on the other hand, is problematic in any case, because it implies the use of a nonrelativistic method for a highly relativistic system.

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11

METZ, ANDREAS, DANIEL PITONYAK, ANDREAS SCHÄFER, MARC SCHLEGEL, WERNER VOGELSANG, and JIAN ZHOU. "WHAT CAUSES TRANSVERSE SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN LEPTON-NUCLEON AND IN NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING?" International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 25 (January 2014): 1460011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514600118.

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Transverse single-spin asymmetries are among the most intriguing observables in hadronic physics. Though such asymmetries were already measured for the first time about four decades ago, their origin is still under debate. Here we consider transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering, in nucleon-nucleon scattering, and in inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering. It is argued that the single-spin asymmetries for those three processes may be simultaneously described in perturbative QCD, where the re-scattering of the active partons plays a crucial role. A comparison of single-spin asymmetries in different reactions can also shed light on the universality of transverse momentum dependent parton correlation functions. In particular, we discuss what existing data tells us about the predicted process dependence of the Sivers function.

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12

Kistryn, St, and E. Stephan. "Polarization Observables in Few-Nucleon Scattering." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600727.

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Systems composed of a few nucleons are subject of experimental studies for many years with the aim to gain precise information on the interaction between nucleons. Intermediate energies, below the threshold for pion production, deserve special attention: it is a region where comparison with exact theoretical calculations is possible, while the sensitivity to various aspects of interaction, like subtle effects of the dynamics beyond the pairwise nucleon-nucleon force, is significant. In addition to differential cross section, the observables related to nuclear polarization are studied, like vector and tensor analyzing powers, spin-correlation coefficients or polarization transfer coefficients. A brief survey of results of recent studies in few-nucleon systems is given.

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13

Ioffe, B. L. "The nucleon spin problem." Surveys in High Energy Physics 8, no. 1-4 (June 1995): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01422419508201820.

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14

Ramsey, G. P. "Probing nucleon spin structure." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 39 (January 1997): 599–653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6410(97)00051-3.

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15

Stiegler, Ulrich. "The nucleon spin structure." Physics Reports 277, no. 1 (December 1996): 1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-1573(96)00015-4.

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16

Arash, Firooz, Abolfazl Shahveh, and Fateme Taghavi-Shahri. "Gluon Spin Contribution to The Nucleon Spin." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 207-208 (October 2010): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.10.015.

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17

McAbee, T. L., W. J. Thompson, and H. Ohnishi. "Spin-Spin interactions in nucleon-nucleus scattering." Nuclear Physics A 509, no. 1 (March 1990): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(90)90375-v.

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18

Wang, Fan, and Chun Wa Wong. "Quark model of nucleon-nucleon spin-orbit potentials." Nuclear Physics A 438, no. 3-4 (May 1985): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(85)90009-0.

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19

YAKUT, HAKAN, EMRE TABAR, ALI AKBAR KULIEV, ZEMINE ZENGINERLER, and PINAR KAPLAN. "GROUND STATE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ODD NEUTRON DY ISOTOPES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 10 (October 2013): 1350076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313500766.

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Using the quasiparticle phonon nuclear model (QPNM) and taking into account the spin–spin interaction, the effects of the spin polarization on spin gyromagnetic factors (gs) as well as the intrinsic magnetic moments (gK) of the deformed odd neutron155-165Dy isotopes were studied. The calculated values of gsand gKare in fair agreement with the experiment as well as with other microscopic calculations. Our calculations indicated that because of the core polarization, the gsfactors of the nucleons in the nucleus reduce noticeably from its free nucleon value and the spin–spin interactions play an important role in the explanation of the quenching of the gsfactors. A very good reproduction of the phenomenological quenching of gsfactor from its free values [Formula: see text] is obtained for155-165Dy .

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20

Beane, Silas R., and Peter J. Ehlers. "Chiral symmetry breaking, entanglement, and the nucleon spin decomposition." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 08 (December 13, 2019): 2050048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320500480.

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The nucleon is naturally viewed as a bipartite system of valence spin — defined by its non-vanishing chiral charge — and non-valence or sea spin. The sea spin can be traced over to give a reduced density matrix, and it is shown that the resulting entanglement entropy acts as an order parameter of chiral symmetry breaking in the nucleon. In the large-[Formula: see text] limit, the entanglement entropy vanishes and the valence spin accounts for all of the nucleon spin, while in the limit of maximal entanglement entropy, the nucleon loses memory of the valence spin and consequently has spin dominated by the sea. The nucleon state vector in the chiral basis, fit to low-energy data, gives a valence spin content consistent with experiment and lattice QCD determinations, and has large entanglement entropy.

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21

PÉREZ-GARCÍA, M. ÁNGELES, K. TSUSHIMA, and A. VALCARCE. "SIMULATION OF SYMMETRIC NUCLEI AND THE ROLE OF PAULI POTENTIAL IN BINDING ENERGIES AND RADII." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 03 (March 2009): 705–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012811.

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It is shown that the use of a density-dependent effective Pauli potential together with a generic nucleon–nucleon interaction potential plays a crucial role to reproduce not only the binding energies but also the matter root mean square radii of medium mass range spin–isospin saturated nuclei. This study is performed with a semiclassical Monte Carlo many-body simulation within the context of a simplified nucleon–nucleon interaction to focus on the effect of the genuine correlations due to the fermionic nature of nucleons. The procedure obtained is rather robust and it does not depend on the detailed features of the nucleon–nucleon interaction. For nuclei below saturation the density dependence may be represented in terms either of the nucleon number, A, or the associated Fermi momenta. When testing the simulation procedure for idealized "infinite" symmetric nuclear matter within the corresponding range of densities, we find that, beyond the low particle number limit, finite size effects do not affect the Pauli potential strength parametrization.

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22

Wang, X. G., W. Bentz, I. C. Cloët, and A. W. Thomas. "Gluon EMC effects in nuclear matter." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 49, no. 3 (February 14, 2022): 03LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac4c90.

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Abstract We investigate the gluonic structure of nuclei within a mean-field model of nuclear structure based upon the modification of the structure of a bound nucleon, with the nucleon described by the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. This approach has been shown to reproduce the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect, involving the ratio of the spin-independent structure functions of a heavier nucleus to that of the deuteron. It also predicts a significant nuclear modification for the spin structure functions, known as the polarized EMC effect. Here we report sizeable nuclear modifications of the gluon distributions (a ‘gluon EMC effect’) for the ratios of both the unpolarized and polarized gluon distributions in nuclear matter to those of a free nucleon.

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23

Nezza, Pasquale Di. "Spin structure of the nucleon." European Physical Journal A 24, S1 (February 2005): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjad/s2005-05-004-0.

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24

Gabathuler, Erwin. "Where is the nucleon spin?" Nature Physics 2, no. 5 (May 2006): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys302.

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25

Rith, Klaus, and Andreas Schäfer. "The Mystery of Nucleon Spin." Scientific American 281, no. 1 (July 1999): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0799-58.

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26

Martin, A. D. "The nucleon in a spin." Nature 363, no. 6425 (May 1993): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363116a0.

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27

Nezza, Pasquale Di. "Spin Structure of the Nucleon." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 152, no. 1 (February 2006): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.08.019.

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28

Boer, D. "Mapping the transverse nucleon spin." Nuclear Physics A 711, no. 1-4 (December 2002): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01186-7.

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29

Jaffe, R. L. "Gluon spin in the nucleon." Physics Letters B 365, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01247-8.

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30

Sugita, Katsumi, Yoshiwo Okamoto, and Matsuo Sekine. "Spin structure of the nucleon." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 35, no. 12 (December 1996): 2439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02085751.

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31

SOWINSKI, J., W. W. JACOBS, L. D. KNUTSON, S. E. VIGDOR, P. L. JOLIVETTE, S. W. WISSINK, C. BLOCH, et al. "SPIN OBSERVABLES IN NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING NEAR 180 MeV." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 51, no. C6 (November 1990): C6–395—C6–398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990637.

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32

Sparenberg, J. M. "Toward a spin- and parity-independent nucleon-nucleon potential." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 59, no. 4 (August 2002): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2002-00108-7.

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33

Moskal, P., H. H. Adam, A. Budzanowski, E. Czerwiński, R. Czyżykiewicz, D. Gil, D. Grzonka, et al. "η AND η′ MESONS PRODUCTION AT COSY-11." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2007): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07035471.

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The low emittance and small momentum spread of the proton and deuteron beams of the Cooler Synchrotron COSY combined with the high mass resolution of the COSY-11 detection system permit to study the creation of mesons in the nucleon-nucleon interaction down to the fraction of MeV with respect to the kinematical threshold. At such small excess energies, the ejectiles possess low relative momenta and are predominantly produced with the relative angular momentum equal to zero. Taking advantage of these conditions we have performed investigations aiming to determine the mechanism of the production of η and η′ mesons in the collision of hadrons as well as the hadronic interaction of these mesons with nucleons and nuclei. In this proceedings we address the ongoing studies of the spin and isospin dependence for the production of the η and η′ mesons in free and quasi-free nucleon-nucleon collisions. New results on the spin observables for the [Formula: see text] reaction, combined with the previously determined total cross section isospin dependence, reveal a statistically significant indication that the excitation of the nucleon to the S11(1535) resonance, the process which intermediates the production of the η meson in the nucleon-nuleon interactions, is predominantly due to the exchange of the π meson between the colliding nucleons.

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34

Skibiński, R., J. Golak, K. Topolnicki, and H. Witała. "N3LO Chiral Predictions for Spin Observables in Nucleon-Deuteron Elastic Scattering at Low Energies." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600697.

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The chiral next-to-next-to-next-to leading order nuclear forces1−3 are used to obtain predictions for spin observables in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering at E=13 MeV. The three-nucleon force is taken into account with all its complexity, including the short-range part and relativistic corrections. Presented examples of the polarization observables for elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering show visible contributions from these new structures in the three-nucleon potential which emerge for the first time at the next-to-next-to-next-to leading order. However, our results suggest that some modifications of the currently used model of the nuclear forces are necessary.

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35

GAMBERG, LEONARD, and GARY R. GOLDSTEIN. "FLAVOR-SPIN SYMMETRY AND THE TENSOR CHARGE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 08 (March 30, 2003): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014630.

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Exploiting an approximate phenomenological symmetry of the JPC = 1+- light axial vector mesons and using pole dominance, we calculate the flavor contributions to the nucleon tensor charge. The result depends on the decay constants of the axial vector mesons and their couplings to the nucleons.

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36

KAO, CHUNG-WEN. "NEW PREDICTIONS OF GENERALIZED SPIN POLARIZABILITIES IN HEAVY BARYON CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 10 (April 20, 2006): 2027–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06028977.

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We review the recent progress of the theoretical understanding of the spin structure of the nucleon based on Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory (HBChPT). At low Q2 the spin structure of the nucleon is encoded into the generalized spin polarizabilities (spin GP's) extracted from the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) amplitudes. The spin GP's of the nucleon have been calculated up to next-to-leading order in HBChPT. Furthermore, the forward spin generalized polarizabilities, which are related to the nucleon polarized structure functions g1 and g2 through the sum rules based on dispersion relations, also have been calculated in HBChPT up to next-to-leading order. As a summary, the physics content of the existing data is discussed and some perspectives for future theoretical and experimental activities in this field are also presented.

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37

Liang, Zuo-Tang, and R. Rittel. "Orbiting Valence Quarks and their Influence on the Structure Functions of the Nucleon." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 12 (April 20, 1997): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397000856.

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It is shown that intrinsic orbital motion of the valence quarks has large influences on the spin-dependent as well as the spin-averaged nucleon structure functions. Its connection with the observed "very small contribution of quark spin to nucleon spin" and the observed violation of Gottfried sum rule is discussed.

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38

Ichimura, Munetake, and Ken Kawahigashi. "Extraction of nuclear spin response functions from spin observables of nucleon quasifree scattering." Physical Review C 45, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 1822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.45.1822.

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39

CHO, Y. M., MO-LIN GE, and PENGMING ZHANG. "NUCLEON SPIN IN QCD: OLD CRISIS AND NEW RESOLUTION." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 31 (October 4, 2012): 1230032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312300327.

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We clarify the on-going confusion on the long-standing gauge invariance problem of the nucleon spin decomposition to the spin and angular momentum of quarks and gluons. We provide two gauge-invariant decompositions of nucleon spin which have different physical meanings, using the gauge independent Abelian decomposition. The first one is based on the assumption that all (binding and valence) gluons contribute to the nucleon spin, but the second one is based on the assumption that only the binding gluons (and the quarks) contribute to it.

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40

Kaiser, N. "Nuclear spin–orbit interaction from chiral pion–nucleon dynamics." Nuclear Physics A 709, no. 1-4 (October 2002): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01044-8.

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41

Wilburn, W. S. "Unique determination of the tensor spin-spin part of the nucleon-nucleon forward scattering amplitude." Physical Review C 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.53.518.

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42

Mughabghab, S. F. "Evidence for a Nucleon-Nucleus Spin-Spin Interaction inBe9." Physical Review Letters 54, no. 10 (March 11, 1985): 986–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.986.

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43

de Florian, D., R. Sassot, M. Stratmann, and W. Vogelsang. "QCD spin physics: Partonic spin structure of the nucleon." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 67, no. 2 (April 2012): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.12.027.

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44

Ji, Xiangdong, and Yong Zhao. "The Spin Structure of the Nucleon." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600016.

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We justify the physical meaning of the spin and orbital angular momentum of free partons in the infinite momentum frame, and discuss the relationship between the Jaffe-Manohar and Ji’s sum rules for proton spin. The parton orbital angular momentum in the Jaffe-Manohar sum rule can be measured through twist-three GPD’s in hard scattering processes such as deeply virtual Compton scattering. Furthermore, we propose that the paton orbital angular momentum as well as the gluon helicity can be calculated in lattice QCD through a large momentum effective theory approach, and provide all the one-loop matching conditions for the proton spin content in perturbative QCD.

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45

WIŚLICKI, WOJCIECH. "SEARCH FOR ANOMALY AT HIGH x IN POLARIZED DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING DATA." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 05 (February 20, 1998): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398000450.

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An idea of possible anomalous contribution of nonperturbative origin to the nucleon spin was examined by analyzing data on spin asymmetries in polarized deep inelastic scattering of leptons on nucleons. The region of high Bjorken x was explored. It was shown that experimental data available at present do not exhibit any evidence for this effect.

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46

EISENBERG, J. M., and G. KÄLBERMANN. "THE NUCLEON-NUCLEON FORCE FROM SKYRMIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 05, no. 03 (September 1996): 423–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301396000219.

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The applications of Skyrmions to the derivation of the nucleon-nucleon force is reviewed with attention to the use of the product ansatz, additional terms in the Lagrangian, baryon resonance admixtures, the instanton ansatz, dilatons, and exact two- or three-dimensional solutions for the B=2 system in order to find the sources of attraction in the central and spin-orbit potentials. We also discuss extensions to two-baryon systems with nonzero strangeness and address possible insights into the behavior of the nucleon in nuclei achieved from the Skyrmion approach.

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47

STROBEL, GEORGE L. "BARYON MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND SPIN DEPENDENT QUARK FORCES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 11, no. 01 (February 2002): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301302000697.

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Abstract:

The J=3/2 Δ, J=1/2 nucleon mass difference shows that quark energies can be spin dependent. It is natural to expect that quark wave functions also depend on spin. In the octet, such spin dependent forces lead to different wave functions for quarks with spin parallel or antiparallel to the nucleon spin. A two component Dirac equation wave function is used for the quarks assuming small current quark masses for the u and d quarks. Then, the neutron/proton magnetic moment ratio, the nucleon axial charge, and the spin content of the nucleon can all be simultaneously fit assuming isospin invariance between the u and d quarks, but allowing for spin dependent forces. The breakdown of the Coleman–Glashow sum rule for octet magnetic moments follows naturally in this Dirac approach as the bound quark energy also effects the magnetic moment. Empirically the bound quark energy increases with the number of strange quarks in the system. Allowing the strange quark wave function similar spin dependence predicts the magnetic moments of the octet, in close agreement with experiment. Differences between the octet and decuplet magnetic moments are also explained immediately with spin dependent wave functions.

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48

JACKSON, H. E. "HERMES AND THE SPIN OF THE PROTON." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 25 (October 10, 2002): 3551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02010923.

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Abstract:

HERMES is a second generation experiment to study the spin structure of the nucleon, in which measurements of the spin dependent properties of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering are emphasized. Data have been accumulated for semi-inclusive pion, kaon, and proton double-spin asymmetries, as well as for high-pT hadron pairs, and single-spin azimuthal asymmetries for pion electroproduction and deep virtual Compton scattering. These results provide information on the flavor decomposition of the polarized quark distributions in the nucleon and a first glimpse of the gluon polarization, while the observation of the azimuthal asymmetries show promise for probing the tensor spin of the nucleon and isolating the total angular momentum carried by the quarks.

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49

Polls, A., V. Durant, and I. Vidaña. "Nucleon--Nucleon Correlations and the Isospin and Spin Symmetry Energy." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 10, no. 1 (2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.10.165.

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50

Auger, J. P., A. Tellez-Arenas, C. Lazard, and R. J. Lombard. "Spin-dependent nucleon-nucleon amplitudes and proton-4He elastic scattering." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics 12, no. 4 (April 1986): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4616/12/4/005.

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