Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nucleation Parameters

Academic literature on the topic 'Nucleation Parameters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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A. Volf, Anna, Elena G. Fominykh, and Mikhail P. Anisimov. "Origin of the Nucleation Rate Empirical Data Inconsistencies for the Vapor-Gas Systems." Siberian Journal of Physics 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2008): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2008-3-3-46-52.

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Independent results for vapor nucleation rates illustrate the nucleation rates inconsistencies for identical vapor-gas systems at the same conditions. Nature of these inconsistencies is not yet understood enough. Assumption is discussed that a reason for the experimental data inconsistencies is appeared in the result of the carrier gas effects on nucleation. It was supposed for a long time that any carrier gas is an ambient atmosphere to keep the nucleation temperature only. The recent experimental results have shown that a vapor-gas nucleation needs to be treated in approximation of binary solutions, i. e. a composition axis is appeared in addition to axes of nucleation rate versus pressure. Each single line of a nucleation rate isotherm is transformed to surface in a three dimensional space of nucleation parameters. Flow diffusion chamber and expansion Wilson type set up data comparison are discussed on the example of the published empirical data. It was shown using a model system that these two experimental realizations produce the inconsistent trajectories in the space of nucleation parameters. That misfit induces the different origin data inconsistencies and demonstrates relevance of gas treatment as an individual component of a nucleating vapor-gas system.
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Vancleef, Arne, Tom Van Gerven, Leen C. J. Thomassen, and Leen Braeken. "Ultrasound in Continuous Tubular Crystallizers: Parameters Affecting the Nucleation Rate." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091054.

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Ultrasound has proven to be an important tool for controlling nucleation in continuous tubular crystallizers. However, insufficient information is available about the parameters controlling the nucleation rate in a continuous ultrasonic process. Previous research has studied parameters related to the nucleation rate, but has not measured the nucleation rate directly or continuously. In this work, the nucleation rate is measured continuously and inline to solve this problem and achieve a better process understanding. The results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted nucleation process is presumably dominated by secondary nucleation. Additionally, the supersaturation, residence time and flow rate have a strong influence on the nucleation rate. On the other hand, the influence of the ultrasonic power is crucial but levels off once a certain amount of power is reached. The static pressure in the system determines the effective ultrasonic power and is therefore also important for the nucleation rate. Finally, maintaining an equal power per unit of volume and an equal residence time by increasing the tubing diameter seems to be a good scale-up method. These results will improve understanding of ultrasonic tubular crystallizers and how to control them.
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Chen, J. P., A. Hazra, and Z. Levin. "Parameterizing ice nucleation rates using contact angle and activation energy derived from laboratory data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 24 (December 15, 2008): 7431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7431-2008.

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Abstract. The rate of ice nucleation in clouds is not easily determined and large discrepancies exist between model predictions and actual ice crystal concentration measured in clouds. In an effort to improve the parameterization of ice nucleating in cloud models, we investigate the rate of heterogeneous ice nucleation under specific ambient conditions by knowing the sizes as well as two thermodynamic parameters of the ice nuclei – contact angle and activation energy. Laboratory data of freezing and deposition nucleation modes were analyzed to derive inversely the two thermodynamic parameters for a variety of ice nuclei, including mineral dusts, bacteria, pollens, and soot particles. The analysis considered the Zeldovich factor for the adjustment of ice germ formation, as well as the solute and curvature effects on surface tension; the latter effects have strong influence on the contact angle. Contact angle turns out to be a more important factor than the activation energy in discriminating the nucleation capabilities of various ice nuclei species. By extracting these thermodynamic parameters, laboratory results can be converted into a formulation that follows classical nucleation theory, which then has the flexibility of incorporating factors such as the solute effect and curvature effect that were not considered in the experiments. Due to various uncertainties, contact angle and activation energy derived in this study should be regarded as "apparent" thermodynamics parameters.
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Chen, J. P., A. Hazra, and Z. Levin. "Parameterizing ice nucleation rates for cloud modeling using contact angle and activation energy derived from laboratory data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 14419–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-14419-2008.

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Abstract. The rate of ice nucleation in clouds is not easily determined and large discrepancies exist between model predictions and actual ice crystal concentration measured in clouds. In an effort to improve the parameterization of ice nucleating in cloud models, we investigate the rate of heterogeneous ice nucleation under specific ambient conditions by knowing the sizes as well as two thermodynamic parameters of the ice nuclei – contact angle and activation energy. Laboratory data of freezing and deposition nucleation modes were analyzed to derive inversely the two thermodynamic parameters for a variety of ice nuclei, including mineral dusts, bacteria, pollens, and soot particles. The analysis considered the Zeldovich factor for the adjustment of ice germ formation, as well as the solute and curvature effects on surface tension, the latter effects have strong influence on the contact angle. Contact angle turns out to be a more important factor than the activation energy in discriminating the nucleation capabilities of various ice nuclei species. By extracting these thermodynamic parameters, laboratory results can be converted into a formulation that follows classical nucleation theory, which then has the flexibility of incorporating factors such as the solute effect and curvature effect that were not considered in the experiments.
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Németh, Z., and I. Salma. "Spatial extension of nucleating air masses in the Carpathian Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 16 (August 27, 2014): 8841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8841-2014.

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Abstract. Particle number size distributions were measured by differential mobility particle sizer in the diameter range of 6–1000 nm in the near-city background and city centre of Budapest continuously for two years. The city is situated in the middle part of the Carpathian Basin, which is a topographically discrete unit in the southeastern part of central Europe. Yearly mean nucleation frequencies and uncertainties for the near-city background and city centre were (28 + 6/−4) % and (27 + 9/−4) %, respectively. The total numbers of days with continuous and uninterrupted growth process were 43 and 31, respectively. These events and their properties were utilised to investigate the spatial scale of the nucleation in the basin, and whether there are any specific trajectories for the nucleating air masses. Local wind speed and direction data indicated that there seem to be differences between the nucleation and growth intervals and non-nucleation days. For further analysis, backward trajectories were generated by a simple air parcel trajectory model. Start and end time parameters of the nucleation and an end time parameter of the particle growth were derived by a standardised procedure based on examining the channel contents of the contour plots. These parameters were used to specify a segment on each backward trajectory that is associated with the nucleating air mass. The results indicated that regional nucleation happened in the continental boundary layer mostly in the Carpathian Basin but that the most distant trajectories originated outside of the basin. The nucleating air masses were predominantly associated with NW and SE geographical sectors, and some of them were also related to larger forested territories. The results also emphasised indirectly that the regional new particle formation and growth phenomena observable at the fixed location often expand to the bulk of the Carpathian Basin.
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Nisany, Stav, and Dan Mordehai. "A Multiple Site Type Nucleation Model and Its Application to the Probabilistic Strength of Pd Nanowires." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020280.

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Pristine specimens yield plastically under high loads by nucleating dislocations. Since dislocation nucleation is a thermally activated process, the so-called nucleation-controlled plasticity is probabilistic rather than deterministic, and the distribution of the yield strengths depends on the activation parameters to nucleate. In this work, we develop a model to predict the strength distribution in nucleation-controlled plasticity when there are multiple nucleation site types. We then apply the model to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Pd nanowires under tension. We found that in Pd nanowires with a rhombic cross-section, nucleation starts from the edges, either with the acute or the obtuse cross-section angles, with a probability that is temperature-dependent. We show that the distribution of the nucleation strain is approximately normal for tensile loading at a constant strain rate. We apply the proposed model and extract the activation parameters for site types from both site types. With additional nudged elastic bands simulations, we propose that the activation entropy, in this case, has a negligible contribution. Additionally, the free-energy barriers obey a power-law with strain, with different exponents, which corresponds to the non-linear elastic deformation of the nanowires. This multiple site type nucleation model is not subjected only to two site types and can be extended to a more complex scenario like specimen with rough surfaces which has a distribution of nucleation sites with different conditions to nucleate dislocations.
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Wang, Chaohong, Jianyang Wu, Hao Wang, and Zhisen Zhang. "Classical nucleation theory of ice nucleation: Second-order corrections to thermodynamic parameters." Journal of Chemical Physics 154, no. 23 (June 21, 2021): 234503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049570.

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Schweitzer, Frank, and Lutz Schimansky-Geier. "Critical parameters for nucleation in finite systems." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 119, no. 1 (September 1987): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(87)90245-1.

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Hyvönen, S., H. Junninen, L. Laakso, M. Dal Maso, T. Grönholm, B. Bonn, P. Keronen, et al. "A look at aerosol formation using data mining techniques." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 29, 2005): 7577–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7577-2005.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle formation is frequently observed throughout the atmosphere, but despite various attempts of explanation, the processes behind it remain unclear. In this study data mining techniques were used to find the key parameters needed for atmospheric aerosol particle formation to occur. A dataset of 8 years of 80 variables collected at the boreal forest station (SMEAR II) in Southern Finland was used, incorporating variables such as radiation, humidity, SO2, ozone and present aerosol surface area. Data analysis were done using clustering and classification methods. The aim of this approach was to gain new parameters independent of any subjective interpretation. This resulted in two key parameters, relative humidity and preexisting aerosol particle surface (condensation sink), capable in explaining 88% of the nucleation events. The inclusion of any further parameters did not improve the results notably. Using these two variables it was possible to derive a nucleation probability function. Interestingly, the two most important variables are related to mechanisms that prevent the nucleation from starting and particles from growing, while parameters related to initiation of particle formation seemed to be less important. Nucleation occurs only with low relative humidity and condensation sink values. One possible explanation for the effect of high water content is that it prevents biogenic hydrocarbon ozonolysis reactions from producing sufficient amounts of low volatility compounds, which might be able to nucleate. Unfortunately the most important biogenic hydrocarbon compound emissions were not available for this study. Another effect of water vapour may be due to its linkage to cloudiness which may prevent the formation of nucleating and/or condensing vapours. A high number of preexisting particles will act as a sink for condensable vapours that otherwise would have been able to form sufficient supersaturation and initiate the nucleation process.
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Hyvönen, S., H. Junninen, L. Laakso, M. Dal Maso, T. Grönholm, B. Bonn, P. Keronen, et al. "A look at aerosol formation using data mining techniques." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2005): 3345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3345-2005.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle formation is frequently observed throughout the atmosphere, but despite various attempts of explanation, the processes behind it remain unclear. In this study data mining techniques were used to find the key parameters needed for atmospheric aerosol particle formation to occur. A dataset of 8 years of 80 variables collected at the boreal forest station (SMEAR II) in Southern Finland was used, incorporating variables such as radiation, humidity, SO2, ozone and present aerosol surface area. This data was analyzed using clustering and classification methods. The aim of this approach was to gain new parameters independent of any subjective interpretation. This resulted in two key parameters, relative humidity and preexisting aerosol particle surface (condensation sink), capable in explaining 88% of the nucleation events. The inclusion of any further parameters did not improve the results notably. Using these two variables it was possible to derive a nucleation probability function. Interestingly, the two most important variables are related to mechanisms that prevent the nucleation from starting and particles from growing, while parameters related to initiation of particle formation seemed to be less important. Nucleation occurs only with low relative humidity and condensation sink values. One possible explanation for the effect of high water content is that it prevents biogenic hydrocarbon ozonolysis reactions from producing sufficient amounts of low volatility compounds, which might be able to nucleate. Unfortunately the most important biogenic hydrocarbon compound emissions were not available for this study. Another effect of water vapour may be due to its linkage to cloudiness which may prevent the formation of nucleating and/or condensing vapours. A high number of preexisting particles will act as a sink for condensable vapours that otherwise would have been able to form sufficient supersaturation and initiate the nucleation process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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Archie, Fady [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Zaefferer, Dierk [Akademischer Betreuer] Raabe, and Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Münstermann. "Damage nucleation in DP-steels: experimental characterization of the contributing microstructural parameters / Fady Archie ; Stefan Zaefferer, Dierk Raabe, Sebastian Münstermann." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1181192951/34.

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Waite, Adam Richard. "Effects of Fundamental Processing Parameters on the Structure and Composition of Two-Dimensional MoS2 Films." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton149315978414366.

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Li, Huayu. "Process measurements and kinetics of unseeded batch cooling crystallization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53503.

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This thesis describes the development of an empirical model of focus beam reflectance measurements (FBRM) and the application of the model to monitoring batch cooling crystallization and extracting information on crystallization kinetics. Batch crystallization is widely used in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries to purify and separate solid products. The crystal size distribution (CSD) of the final product greatly influences the product characteristics, such as purity, stability, and bioavailability. It also has a great effect on downstream processing. To achieve a desired CSD of the final product, batch crystallization processes need to be monitored, understood, and controlled. FBRM is a promising technique for in situ determination of the CSD. It is based on scattering of laser light and provides a chord-length distribution (CLD), which is a complex function of crystal geometry. In this thesis, an empirical correlation between CSDs and CLDs is established and applied in place of existing first-principles FBRM models. Built from experimental data, the empirical mapping of CSD and CLD is advantageous in representing some effects that are difficult to quantify by mathematical and physical expressions. The developed model enables computation of the CSD from measured CLDs, which can be followed during the evolution of the crystal population during batch cooling crystallization processes. Paracetamol, a common drug product also known as acetaminophen, is selected as the model compound in this thesis study. The empirical model was first established and verified in a paracetamol-nonsolvent (toluene) slurry, and later applied to the paracetamol-ethanol crystallization system. Complementary to the FBRM measurements, solute concentrations in the liquid phase were determined by in situ infrared spectra, and they were jointly implemented to monitor the crystallization process. The framework of measuring the CSD and the solute concentration allows the estimation of crystallization kinetics, including those for primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, and crystal growth. These parameters were determined simultaneously by fitting the full population balance model to process measurements obtained from multiple unseeded paracetamol-ethanol crystallization runs. The major contributions of this thesis study are (1) providing a novel methodology for using FBRM measurements to estimate CSD; (2) development of an experimental protocol that provided data sets rich in information on crystal growth and primary and secondary nucleation; (3) interpretation of kinetics so that appropriate model parameters could be extracted from fitting population balances to experimental data; (4) identification of the potential importance of secondary nucleation relative to primary nucleation. The protocol and methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for evaluating and improving batch crystallization processes.
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Anwar, Jamshed, R. Davidchack, R. Handel, and Andrey V. Brukhno. "Challenges in molecular simulation of homogeneous ice nucleation." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4757.

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No
We address the problem of recognition and growth of ice nuclei in simulation of supercooled bulk water. Bond orientation order parameters based on the spherical harmonics analysis are shown to be ineffective when applied to ice nucleation. Here we present an alternative method which robustly differentiates between hexagonal and cubic ice forms. The method is based on accumulation of the maximum projection of bond orientations onto a set of predetermined vectors, where different terms can contribute with opposite signs with the result that the irrelevant or incompatible molecular arrangements are damped out. We also introduce an effective cluster size by assigning a quality weight to each molecule in an ice-like cluster. We employ our cluster analysis in Monte Carlo simulation of homogeneous ice formation. Replica-exchange umbrella sampling is used for biasing the growth of the largest cluster and calculating the associated free energy barrier. Our results suggest that the ice formation can be seen as a two-stage process. Initially, short tetrahedrally arranged threads and rings are present; these become correlated and form a diffuse ice-genic network. Later, hydrogen bond arrangements within the amorphous ice-like structure gradually settle down and simultaneously `tune-up¿ nearby water molecules. As a result, a well-shaped ice core emerges and spreads throughout the system. The process is very slow and diverse owing to the rough energetic landscape and sluggish molecular motion in supercooled water, while large configurational fluctuations are needed for crystallization to occur. In the small systems studied so far the highly cooperative molecular rearrangements eventually lead to a relatively fast percolation of the forming ice structure through the periodic boundaries, which inevitably affects the simulation results.
EPSRC
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Shen, Yi Chen, and 沈奕辰. "Optimal Parameter Search for the Nucleation Kinetics of Bi-morph Eflucimibe." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31767514138040604015.

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碩士
長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
100
In this study, we performed an optimized parameter search of the eflucimibe polymorph nucleation mechanism. This mechanism uses gradual disruption theory as a theoretical background to calculate the induction period. A comparison of the average relative errors was then conducted with the eflucimibe polymorph induction period experimental data obtained from literature. The combination of parameters with the lowest average relative error was the optimal parameter. Eflucimibe forms A-form and B-form polymorph crystals. Their relative nuclear rates determine the final crystal form obtained. Therefore, the nucleation mechanism’s influence on eflucimibe is extremely significant. The aggregation and disruption mechanisms in gradual disruption theory use Smoluchowski’s aggregation theory. Then, because clusters smaller than critical nucleus size have unstable thermodynamics, they gradually dissolve and are disrupted. Although this theory comprises only aggregation and disruption parameters, the nucleation rates of dozens of clusters of varying sizes are interrelated. Thus, appropriate nucleation parameters are difficult to speculate. We employed optimization algorithms to identify the optimal nucleation parameters and investigate whether gradual disruption theory is consistent with eflucimibe nucleation mechanisms. The optimization system used in this study had virtually no restrictions, its search range was extremely broad. To increase the search efficiency, we divided the system into several search ranges. Genetic algorithms and the random jump method were used to seek lower average relative errors. Subsequently, the parameter combinations with lower average relative errors were used as Nelder-Mead Simplex Method starting points to obtain the minimum average relative error values. Following analysis and comparison of the parameter combinations in each range with lower average relative errors, ranges where optimal parameters may exist were suggested. Using this method, the optimal parameter values were identified. Numerous divergence points are typically encountered when seeking optimal parameters due to a lack of understanding of the objective function surface characteristics. This leads to poor genetic algorithm search efficiency. The Nelder-Mead Simplex Method follows function surface decreases and can efficiently avoid divergence points. Additionally, it does not require prior understanding of the search space and is suitable for use in this study’s optimization system. Therefore, the most appropriate algorithm combination for this study is the random jump method matched with the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method. Finally, we successfully obtained the optimal nucleation parameters kA: 3.62 10-21(cm3/s), kB: 5.92 10-21(cm3/s), kd,A: 8.61 10-2(1/s), and kd,B: 17.15 10-2(1/s), and the minimum average relative error of 8.15%.
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Nahtigal, Istok. "Supercritical aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: Classical insights into nucleation and reactivity." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1577.

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In recent years, technologies using supercritical water have gained considerable attention, mainly due to versatility and uniqueness of water at elevated temperatures and pressures. The physical conditions required to generate supercritical water also make it prone to large intrinsic thermal and density fluctuations, exacerbated if there are impurities present in the system. These fluctuations induce nucleation, the initial stage of a first-order phase transition, and subsequent mixing of the new phase within the original phase. When this new phase reaches its critical size it grows irreversibly to macroscopic proportions, otherwise, tending to disintegrate. The presence of a polydispersed solid phase within the supercritical phase is responsible for unfavorable phenomena such as particle deposition and corrosion of structural components, both of which result in decreased efficiency and reliability of the supercritical water employing process. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation method has been the primary tool of investigation. Molecular motions are tracked on the femto and picosecond time-scales which are particularly important for the study of nucleation. Sodium chloride has been chosen in this research since it is computationally tractable and is unavoidably involved in most industrial water based applications. Cluster size distributions, the size of critical nuclei and cluster life-times are reported. The size distribution of emerging clusters shows a very strong dependence on the system’s density, with larger clusters preferentially formed at lower densities. Also, a materials science application is presented where the rapid quenching of hydrothermally formed sodium chloride clusters leads to a variety of nanostructures, characterizable by prominent vibrational modes. And lastly, during the conditions prior to crystallization, water is not only physically adsorbed to the cluster’s surface but also exists in a “confined” state within subsurface regions for several picoseconds during the nucleation process. A mechanism for the sodium chloride hydrolysis reaction is presented as well as showing that asymmetric electrostatic fields generated by the coalescing ions are on the order of 1010 V/m, sufficient to drive the hydrolysis of confined water molecules. The HCl molecule and hydroxide ions are formed, with the latter segregating preferentially to sub-surface regions in the amorphous NaCl particles. Both HCl and hydroxide are implicated in corrosion.
Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-11-03 13:54:56.021
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Hsu, Chih-Heng, and 許致恒. "Characterization of nucleating agent compounding process parameters on the polyolefin microporous membrane formation mechanism." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75819931114388033265.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
模具工程系碩士班
101
In this period of technological development, portable electronics and electric vehicles are gradually booming. Many manufacturers also pay more attention and research on this field of lithium batteries. Lithium secondary batteries have some advantages like higher energy, higher power, lighter weight and longer life. Demand for lithium battery safety is the most important product assessment project in the batteries market, and the separator is the most important element. Its main function is to isolate electron and avoid a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. When the batteries’s temperature rises, the separator needs to close the micro-porous holes to prevent the increasing temperature to cause an explosion. Therefore, the lithium battery ‘s separator quality indicators are strength, thickness, pore distribution and thermal shutdown. They decide the capacity of the battery, the battery cycle life and safety. As a result, lithium battery separators attract a lot of attention on the future market development. Plastic’s nuclei can be called “seeds” which can produce a crystalline substance. Nucleating agents are usually added in the plastic in order to accelerate the growth of crystals. The method can increase the crystallizing point, make the crystallization much smaller, avoid producing big spherulites and make the growth of the spherulites more regular. We experimented on PP and PE. First, we compounded the plastics and nucleating agents to be mixtures. The key point is compound dispersion. Second, we used blown film, annealing and tensile test processes to make the micro-porous membrane. This experiment through changing resin crystallization’s behavior so that the nuclei can adsorb the polymer chain in the melt effectively. The spherulites will become small and dense particles, then the size will arrange more uniform and regular. So that we can use the tensile test to produce the micro-porous structure. It will achieve the development of lithium battery separator that has high mechanical strength and high porosity properties. The main purpose of this research is to develop the technology which uses the twin-screw extruder machine to compound the plastic materials with different types and proportion nucleating agents. Then, we used the compound materials to prepare the membrane by the co-extrusion blowing film process with high tensile speed ratio. Finally, we use the second stretch process and different blown process parameters on the MD direction to produce the micro-porous membrane. The micro-porous membrane thickness is 10-30 µm. It’s micro-porous scale is in the 50~500 nm range and high mechanical strength. The PP micro-porous should be closed when the temperature increases. On the second stretch process, we can adjust the stretching parameters like the annealing, cold-drawn, hot-drawn and heat setting conditions. Then we investigated the film's mechanical strength, porosity, pore size, heat shrinkage and thermal shutdown temperature to know the best parameters on the experiment. Furthermore, we can compare the membrane detection result with the Celgard company’s membrane result to know the quality and the direction of improvement. This is the main focus of this study. From the experimental results of the second stretch process, we can know adding nucleating agent will change the pattern of crystalline arrangement. It also will cause the different between the adding nucleating’s separator and the blank separator. From the directions of different blow process parameters, breathable property and microporous’s pattern, we can know some experimental trends. For example, when we increase the DDR and the cooling speed, the separator’s breathable property will improve and the pore distribution will more uniform, too. In addition, when we add the nucleating agent in the separator, it can let the crystallization smaller and much evenly. Adding nucleating agent will let PP, PE and PP/PE/PP separator have the uniform types of microporous. Then these separators can accordance with industry standards of breathable property and mechanical strength. Nevertheless, some properties like shrinkage and thermal shutdown’s temperature still cannot accordance with industry standards . These trends are also our future’s research direction.
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Books on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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Optimization of the processing parameters of high temperature superconducting glass-ceramics: Center director's discretionary fund final report (project #91-04). [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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Sorribas, M., V. E. Cachorro, J. A. Adame, Birgit Wehner, W. Birmili, Alfred Wiedensohler, A. M. de Frutos, and B. A. de la Morena. "Submicrometric Aerosol Size Distributions in Southwestern Spain: Relation with Meteorological Parameters." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 829–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_164.

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Verhaege, Christophe, Pascal Personne, and Valery Shcherbakov. "Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 746–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_147.

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Ayad, A., M. Ramoul, N. Rouag, A. D. Rollett, and F. Wagner. "Nucleation Stage During IF Steel Recrystallization and Internal Misorientation Parameters." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX&GG 2016), 79–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48770-0_12.

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Ayad, A., A. Ayad, M. Ramoul, N. Rouag, A. D. Rollett, and F. Wagner. "Nucleation Stage During if Steel Recrystallization and Internal Misorientation Parameters." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX&GG 2016), 79–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119328827.ch12.

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Chandra, S., M. K. Samal, and V. M. Chavan. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Dislocation Nucleation from a Pristine and Damaged Grain Boundary in Nickel and Quantification of Associated Activation Energy Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 21–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8724-2_2.

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Sethna, James P. "Abrupt phase transitions." In Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity, 321–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865247.003.0011.

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This chapter studies abrupt phase transitions, familiar from boiling water, raindrops, snowflake formation, and frost. At these transitions, the properties change abruptly -- the ice cube and the water in which it floats are at the same temperature and pressure, but have quite different densities and rigidities. The chapter studies the coexistence between two phases by matching their free energies, and discover the Maxwell equal-area construction. It examines the barriers to raindrop formation and discovers nucleation and critical droplet theory. It examines how the transition proceeds after nucleation, and discovers coarsening (familiar from the segregation of oil and water in well-shaken salad dressing), dendrites (snowflakes and frost patterns), and martensitic structures (important in steel). Exercises explore nucleation of dislocations, of cracks, and of droplets in the Ising model; complex free energies and nucleation rates; dendrites in surface growth and snowflakes; and martensites, minimizing sequences, and origami.
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Devara, P. C. S., G. Pandithurai, P. Ernest Raj, R. S. Maheskumar, and K. K. Dani. "Remote sounding of urban atmospheric aerosol and coincident aerometric parameters over pune, india." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996, 522–25. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042030-1/50126-8.

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Liu, Hong. "Growth Kinetics of Thin Film Epitaxy." In 21st Century Surface Science - a Handbook. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91224.

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This chapter mainly introduces five basic stages of the film deposition process (vapor adsorption, surface diffusion, reaction between adsorbed species, reaction of film materials to form bonding surface, and nucleation and microstructure formation), analyzes the influence of deposition process parameters on the three basic growth modes of the film, focuses on the relationship between the control parameters of homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy and the film structure, gives the dynamic characteristics of each growth stage, and examines the factors determining epitaxy film structure, topography, interfacial properties, and stress. It is shown that two-dimensional nucleation is a key to obtain high-quality epitaxial films.
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Raputa, V. F., A. I. Krylova, and K. P. Koutsenogii. "Optimal design of experiment in inverse problems of pollution dispersion and estimation of aerosol sources parameters." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996, 726–29. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042030-1/50180-3.

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Allami, Shrok. "ZnO nanowires growth direction and parameters affecting their surface morphology." In Nanowires - Synthesis, Properties and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80538.

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ZnO nanowires (or nanorods) have been widely studied due to their unique material properties and remarkable performance in electronics, optics, and photonics. This chapter presents a review of the current research of ZnO nanowires (or nanorods) synthesized by hydrothermal method. We discussed the mechanism of its nucleation and growth taking the effect of different parameters on its growth direction and their final morphology into account. A mixture of zinc nitrate and hexamine as precursor is the most popular. We reported the effect of precursor type and concentration, pH of the growth solution, bath temperature, substrate type and seeded layer, and duration time.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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Serafin Couto Vieira, Gabriel, Milton Pereira, and Marcia Mantelli. "OPTIMIZATION OF LASER MICROMILLING PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR TEXTURING OF NUCLEATION SITES." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-2052.

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Dorsey, J. R. "Tower based measurements of micrometeorological exchange parameters and heat fluxes above a city." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361950.

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Bykov, Nikolay Y., and Yuriy E. Gorbachev. "On parameters of size-corrected modification of classical nucleation theory for water." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2015 (ICNAAM 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4951857.

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Gjerkes, Henrik, and Iztok Golobic. "MEASUREMENT OF CERTAIN PARAMETERS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY OF NUCLEATION SITES IN POOL BOILING." In Thermal Sciences 2000. Proceedings of the International Thermal Science Seminar Bled. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2000.thersieprocvol2thersieprocvol1.410.

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Rawat, S., Manoj Warrier, S. Chaturvedi, V. M. Chavan, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Effect of Temperature on the Void Nucleation and Growth Parameters for Single Crystal Copper." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3605750.

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Gjerkes, Henrik, and Iztok Golobic. "Abstract of "MEASUREMENT OF CERTAIN PARAMETERS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY OF NUCLEATION SITES IN POOL BOILING"." In Thermal Sciences 2000. Proceedings of the International Thermal Science Seminar Bled. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2000.thersieprocvol2.500.

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Sam, Ashish Alex, Keerthi Raj Kunniyoor, Jayachandran K. Narayanan, Arpit Mishra, and Parthasarathi Ghosh. "Droplet Nucleation and Growth in Cryogenic Turboexpanders." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88343.

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Cryogenic turboexpanders for nitrogen refrigeration and liquefaction cycles operating near liquefaction conditions are vulnerable to droplet formation. The turboexpander must be devoid of any traces of droplets, as this may cause damage to the blades and also result in performance deterioration. Hence, a multiphase flow analysis was conducted, based on the droplet condensation model in Ansys CFX®, to identify any possible droplet sites and its nature of propagation. A single-phase steady state simulation of the turboexpander was performed initially to identify the regions susceptible to droplet formation, followed by a multiphase analysis to study the flow field behavior and to characterize the droplet nucleation and growth. It has been observed that the low-pressure regions like vortices and wakes are susceptible to sub-cooling and thereby in droplet formation. Also, major geometrical parameters that affect the droplet nucleation have also been identified.
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Enright, M. P., R. C. McClung, S. J. Hudak, and W. L. Francis. "Probabilistic Treatment of Crack Nucleation and Growth for Gas Turbine Engine Materials." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90813.

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The empirical models commonly used for probabilistic life prediction do not provide adequate treatment of the physical parameters that characterize fatigue damage development. For these models, probabilistic treatment is limited to statistical analysis of strain-life regression fit parameters. In this paper, a model is proposed for life prediction that is based on separate nucleation and growth phases of total fatigue life. The model was calibrated using existing smooth specimen strain-life data, and has been validated for other geometries. Crack nucleation scatter is estimated based on the variability associated with smooth specimen and fatigue crack growth data, including the influences of correlation among crack nucleation and growth phases. The influences of crack nucleation and growth variability on life and probability of fracture is illustrated for a representative gas turbine engine disk geometry.
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Hinebaugh, James, and A. Bazylak. "Dynamic Condensation Modelling in PEMFC GDL." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18268.

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A 2D dynamic pore network model is employed to study the liquid water saturation from condensation originating from a single nucleation site within the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A complete derivation of the model along with the physical parameters is provided in this paper. Sensitivity analyses are performed to determine how the overall saturation pattern is affected by the following two parameters: condensation rate and nucleation site location. Our results indicate that when considering an initially dry GDL under typical PEMFC operating conditions, fluctuations in condensation rate have little impact on the overall saturation pattern compared to changes in condensation nucleation site location. We observe significant reductions in both overall saturation and local saturation near the catalyst layer as the condensation nucleation site is placed further away from the catalyst layer.
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Wittmann, Tim, Christoph Bode, and Jens Friedrichs. "The Feasibility of an Euler-Lagrange Approach for the Modelling of Wet Steam." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16199.

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Abstract This study investigates the applicability of an Euler-Lagrange approach for the calculation of nucleation and condensation of steam flows. Supersonic nozzles are used as generic validation cases, as their high expansion rates replicate the flow conditions in real turbines. Experimental and numerical validation data for these nozzles are provided by the International Wet Steam Modelling Project of Starzmann et al. (2018). In contrast to most participants of that project, an Euler-Lagrange approach is utilized for this study. Therefore, the classical nucleation theory with corrections and different droplet growth laws is incorporated into the Discrete Phase Model of ANSYS Fluent. Suggestions for an efficient implementation are presented. The Euler-Lagrange results show a good agreement with the experimental and numerical validation data. The sensitivities of the Euler-Lagrange approach to modelling parameters are analysed. Finally, an optimal parameter set for the calculation of nucleation and condensation is proposed.
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Reports on the topic "Nucleation Parameters"

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Knopf, Daniel. Final Report: DOE DE-SC0016370 – “Experimental investigation of the governing parameters of atmospheric ice nucleation using field-collected and laboratory generated aerosol particles and its application in cloud resolving models”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1670466.

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