Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nucleation and Crystal Growth

Academic literature on the topic 'Nucleation and Crystal Growth'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Adnan, Siti Zubaidah, and Noor Asma Fazli Abdul Samad. "Effects of Nucleation and Crystal Growth Rates on Crystal Size Distribution for Seeded Batch Potash Alum Crystallization Process." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.74121.

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The driving force of the cooling crystallization process is supersaturation, where the supersaturation level during the crystallization process is crucial to grow the crystal sufficiently. Nucleation and crystal growth rates are two concurrent phenomena occurring during crystallization. Both are supersaturation functions that determine the growth of seed crystals and the formation of fine crystals. Trade-offs between nucleation and crystal growth are essential for achieving the large size of seed crystals with the minimum number of fine crystals. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of nucleation and crystal growth rates on final product quality, which is crystal size distribution (CSD). Modeling of the crystallization process using a potash alum case study is highlighted and simulated using Matlab software. Then, the effects of nucleation rate, crystal growth rate, and both nucleation and crystal growth rates on CSD are evaluated using local sensitivity analysis based on the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. Based on simulation results for all strategies, a low combined rate delivers the best performance of the final CSD compared to others. Its primary peak has a mean crystal size of 455 µm with 0.0078 m3/m volume distribution. This means that the grown seed crystals are large with high volume distribution compared to the nominal strategy, which is at the mean crystal size of 415 µm and 0.00434 m3/m. Meanwhile, the secondary peak has the mean crystal size of 65 µm, 0.00028 m3/m in volume distribution. This corroborates the least number of fine crystals at the considerably small size compared to nominal’s (0.00151 m3/m, 35 µm). Overall, the low nucleation and crystal growth rates strategy provides useful insights into designing temperature profiles during the linear cooling crystallization process, whereby achievable supersaturation levels in obtaining large crystals with fewer crystal fines are provided via simulation.
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Nanev, Christo N., Emmanuel Saridakis, Lata Govada, and Naomi E. Chayen. "Protein Crystals Nucleated and Grown by Means of Porous Materials Display Improved X-ray Diffraction Quality." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 10676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810676.

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Well-diffracting protein crystals are indispensable for X-ray diffraction analysis, which is still the most powerful method for structure-function studies of biomolecules. A promising approach to growing such crystals is the use of porous nucleation-inducing materials. However, while protein crystal nucleation in pores has been thoroughly considered, little attention has been paid to the subsequent growth of crystals. Although the nucleation stage is decisive, it is the subsequent growth of crystals outside the pore that determines their diffraction quality. The molecular-scale mechanism of growth of protein crystals in and outside pores is theoretically considered. Due to the low degree of metastability, the crystals that emerge from the pores grow slowly, which is a prerequisite for better diffraction. This expectation has been corroborated by experiments carried out with several types of porous material, such as bioglass (“Naomi’s Nucleant”), buckypaper, porous gold and porous silicon. Protein crystals grown with the aid of bioglass and buckypaper yield significantly better diffraction quality compared with crystals grown conventionally. In all cases, visually superior crystals are usually obtained. Our theoretical conclusion is that heterogeneous nucleation of a crystal outside the pore is an exceptional case. Rather, the protein crystals nucleating inside the pores continue growing outside them.
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Parrinello, Michele. "Atomistic Modeling of Crystal Nucleation and Growth." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099604.

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Understanding crystal growth from solution is crucial to control the development of crystal morphologies. Since the interaction of crystals with their environment occurs through their surface, their shape controls a wide variety of properties. This is particularly important not only in nanotechnology, where shape-function relations play a key role, but also in medicine where, e.g., changing the morphology of particles allows for a better targeting of cancer cells. In this work we combine experiments, molecular simulations and theory to examine the morphology of urea crystals grown in different solutions. In order to get a rational representation of all the possible habits we introduce a Shape Diagram in which the habit dependence on the relative growth rates is displayed. A wide portion of the habit space can be experimentally explored by varying the composition of the mother solution. By doing so we obtain morphologies ranging from the paradigmatic needle-like habit obtained in water to regular tetrahedra obtained in acetonitrile/biuret mixtures. By combining advanced molecular simulation techniques and theory we can predict urea steady state crystal habits and their dependence on additive concentration and/or supersaturation, paving the way towards a rational control of the habit of crystals grown from solution. We present also some other example of nucleation processes which will lead to some rather surprising results even in the case of humble NaCl. Finally we discuss some recent advances that allow us to calculate nucleation rates.
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Pervov, Alexei. "Investigation of Scaling and Inhibition Mechanisms in Reverse Osmosis Spiral Wound Elements." Membranes 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090852.

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Understanding of crystal formation and growth conditions in reverse osmosis membrane channels enables us to develop efficient tools to control scaling in membrane facilities and increase their recoveries. Crystals are formed in “dead areas” and subsequently get out of them and sediment on membrane surface. Adsorption of polymeric inhibitor molecules to crystal surface was investigated as well as antiscalant behaviour throughout nucleation in “dead areas” and growth of crystals sedimented on membrane surface. Experimental dependencies of antiscalant adsorption rates on the antiscalant dosage values were determined. Examination of SEM images of crystals demonstrated that their size and amount depend on the supersaturation value reached in the “dead areas”. More efficient antiscalants delay the beginning of nucleation and reduce the rate of crystal growth due to adsorption and blockage of crystal growth process. Antiscaling property of inhibitors is also attributed to their ability to provide certain amount of adsorbent to block crystal growth during nucleation. A test procedure is described that enables us to predict concentrate composition in the “dead areas” and calculate supersaturation values that correspond to beginning of nucleation.
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Gui, Yue, Chengbin Huang, Chenyang Shi, Torsten Stelzer, Geoff G. Z. Zhang, and Lian Yu. "Polymorphic selectivity in crystal nucleation." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 14 (April 14, 2022): 144504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086308.

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Crystal nucleation rates have been measured in the supercooled melts of two richly polymorphic glass-forming liquids: ROY and nifedipine (NIF). ROY or 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile is known for its crystals of red, orange, and yellow colors and many polymorphs of solved structures (12). Of the many polymorphs, ON (orange needles) nucleates the fastest with the runner up (Y04) trailing by a factor of 103 when compared under the same mobility-limited condition, while the other unobserved polymorphs are slower yet by at least 5 orders of magnitude. Similarly, of the six polymorphs of NIF, [Formula: see text]′ nucleates the fastest, [Formula: see text]′ is slower by a factor of 10, and the rest are slower yet by at least 5 decades. In both systems, the faster-nucleating polymorphs are not built from the lowest-energy conformers, while they tend to have higher energies and lower densities and thus greater similarity to the liquid phase by these measures. The temperature ranges of this study covered the glass transition temperature Tg of each system, and we find no evidence that the nucleation rate is sensitive to the passage of Tg. At the lowest temperatures investigated, the rates of nucleation and growth are proportional to each other, indicating that a similar kinetic barrier controls both processes. The classical nucleation theory provides an accurate description of the observed nucleation rates if the crystal growth rate is used to describe the kinetic barrier for nucleation. The quantitative rates of both nucleation and growth for the competing polymorphs enable prediction of the overall rate of crystallization and its polymorphic outcome.
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Zhou, Wuzong. "Reversed Crystal Growth." Crystals 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010007.

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In the last decade, a reversed growth route has been found in many crystal growth processes. In these systems, a single crystal does not develop from a single nucleus. The precursor molecules/ions or nanocrystallites aggregate into some large amorphous or polycrystalline particles. Multiple-nucleation on the surface of the amorphous particles or surface re-crystallization of the polycrystalline particles then takes place, forming a single crystal shell with a regular morphology. Finally, the crystallization extends from the surface to the core to form single crystals. This non-classical crystal growth route often results in some special morphologies, such as core-shell structures, hollow single crystals, sandwich structures, etc. This article gives a brief review of the research into reversed crystal growth and demonstrates that investigation of detailed mechanisms of crystal growth enables us to better understand the formation of many novel morphologies of the crystals. Some unsolved problems are also discussed.
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Quattrosoldi, Silvia, René Androsch, Andreas Janke, Michelina Soccio, and Nadia Lotti. "Enthalpy Relaxation, Crystal Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Biobased Poly(butylene Isophthalate)." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010235.

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The crystallization behavior of fully biobased poly(butylene isophthalate) (PBI) has been investigated using calorimetric and microscopic techniques. PBI is an extremely slow crystallizing polymer that leads, after melt-crystallization, to the formation of lamellar crystals and rather large spherulites, due to the low nuclei density. Based upon quantitative analysis of the crystal-nucleation behavior at low temperatures near the glass transition, using Tammann’s two-stage nuclei development method, a nucleation pathway for an acceleration of the crystallization process and for tailoring the semicrystalline morphology is provided. Low-temperature annealing close to the glass transition temperature (Tg) leads to the formation of crystal nuclei, which grow to crystals at higher temperatures, and yield a much finer spherulitic superstructure, as obtained after direct melt-crystallization. Similarly to other slowly crystallizing polymers like poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(l-lactic acid), low-temperature crystal-nuclei formation at a timescale of hours/days is still too slow to allow non-spherulitic crystallization. The interplay between glass relaxation and crystal nucleation at temperatures slightly below Tg is discussed.
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Liu, Yao, Huilin He, and Yanjun Liu. "Morphology control of laser-induced dandelion-like crystals of sodium acetate through the addition of acidic polymers." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 4 (July 7, 2021): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721005409.

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Crystal growth speeds, crystal sizes and the morphology of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) crystals in the presence of polymaleic acid and polyacrylic acid with different concentrations were investigated in supersaturated solutions of sodium acetate. The technique of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) was used to produce initial crystallites of anhydrous CH3COONa. The anhydrous CH3COONa crystal growth in solution after laser irradiation resembled the formation of dandelion seed heads. Even though NPLIN could offer temporal–spatial control of crystal nucleation without the addition of acidic polymers, the crystal growth rates were heterogeneous for crystallites along the laser pathway, which led to irregular crystalline sizes and morphologies. Here, a controllable approach from crystal nucleation to crystal growth has been designed through the addition of acidic polymers in the laser-induced growth of anhydrous CH3COONa crystals. In the presence of an acidic polymer, both the crystal growth and the morphological modification were controlled from tuft-shaped crystals to dandelion-like crystals. As bulk solid thicknesses and crystal growth speeds can be modified by different mass fractions of acidic polymer, a mathematical model was established to analyse the dynamics of crystal growth under the effect of acidic polymers. The model reproduces remarkably well the experimental trend and predicts experimental results. The changes in supersaturation and the number of nuclei through the addition of acidic polymers were analysed to investigate the underlying mechanism of morphological difference.
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Mehrotra, B. N. "Crystal growth by metastable nucleation." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 43, a1 (August 12, 1987): C119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767387082291.

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Brown, Dennis J., Keith R. Cliffe, and Ian M. Grimsey. "Sucrose crystal nucleation and growth." Analytical Proceedings 30, no. 11 (1993): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000458.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Biyikli, Kasim. "Nucleation and growth of crystals of pharmaceuticals on functionalized surfaces." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020606-165721/.

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Patchigolla, Kumar. "Particle process measurements : shape and size with crystal growth and nucleation kinetics." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2088.

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To deduce particle size information, the majority of particle sizing techniques assume that the particles are spheres. For industrial materials, particles are rarely spherical. Non-sphericity causes discrepancies in different measurement technologies so results vary from the real characteristics of the sample. Applications like crystallisation require .shape information in addition to the size of the particles. The majority of this thesis describes results that have demonstrated that particle shape has a strong influence on particle size distribution measured by different techniques. The effect of shape on measured particle size distribution was investigated by ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy (VAS) compared with other widely used techniques such as laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS), microscopic image analysis (MIA) and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). A strategy was applied using different chemical systems to monitor the importance of shape to measured size distribution using different techniques; fragile and non-fragile, .sp-pericaC'crystalline and irregular materials were tested. The measurements were successfully applied to laboratory crystallisation processes of different organic and inorganic chemicals In-situ monitoring of particle size evolution during crystallisation using FBRM has aroused much interest. Therefore it was important to demonstrate the dependence of measured particle size on different operating conditions and more particularly on the hydrodynamic conditions, solvent, temperature and other physical and chemical , properties of the system. In-situ measurement of maximum supersaturation during batch crystallisation and dissolution processes of different chemical systems is presented, through which nucleation kinetics of the crystallisation was retrieved. This was clemonstrated for different organic and inorganic chemical systems using FBRM as a process analytical technique (PAT). Based on crystallisation behaviour and with process analytical techniques, notably FBRM to retrieve the nucleation kinetics, the growth kinetics of different chemical systems are presented based on seeded batch cooling crystallisation. Finally future developments within this area of research are presented.
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Xu, Bao Jiang. "Nucleation and growth of 55% Al-Zn alloy on steel substrate." Faculty of Engineering, 2005. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/72.

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The nature of nucleation and growth of the alloy overlay of a 55%A1-Zn alloy on a steel substrate strongly affects the surface appearance of hot dip metal-coated steel in the Zincalume process. The potential nucleation site of the first nucleus that forms in the alloy overlay will contribute to the initial solidification process and subsequent microstructural development. An important issue of industrial interest is the occurrence of localized variations in spangle size or variations in spangle size from coil to coil. Control of spangle size on hot-dip metallic coatings is important both from an aesthetic and functional point of view. From the point of view of surface appearance, a uniform spangle size is required and small spangle size is required for improvement of tension bend rust stain performance. An attempt was made to reveal the nature of nucleation and growth of the A1-Zn overlay by studying early stage nucleation and growth. The effect of cooling rate on spangle formation, the influence of trace element additions, the effects of dipping time, preheat temperature and bath composition were taken into account during experimental immersion tests. Spangle size, dendrite arm spacing and solidification temperature of the alloy overlay were determined under various cooling conditions and a variety of other techniques were used to analyze the progress of solidification.Experiments were conducted in the current study to determine the influence of process variables on spangle size. An experimental immersion simulator was used to test the hypothesis regarding nucleation on intermetallic particles using a quench-interruption technique. Serial sectioning in combination with microprobe studies has been used to quantify the element distribution. Commercial products have been analyzed using a tilt polishing technique combined with EPMA to assess element distribution across the solidified overlay. Also, bulk analysis of the element distribution through the thickness of commercial products has been conducted using Glow Discharge Spectroscopy. These experimental studies provided convincing experimental evidence that 55%A1-Zn spangles nucleate on the intermetallic layer. In an attempt to verify that the experimental observations are scientifically founded, a model was developed to predict the nucleation rate and nucleation temperature. Thermodynamic analyses as well as phase-field modeling have been used to further correlate the experimental findings with theoretical predictions. The rate of nucleation decreases with an increase in wetting angle, and the nucleation temperature decreases with increasing cooling rate. Phase field modeling predicts that an aluminum rich phase forms at the intermetallic layer, acting as the nucleus of a spangle.Experimental studies on spangle size distribution of 55%A1-Zn have indicated that the cooling rate and bath composition are factors that influence spangle size. An attempt to prove that experimental observations are scientifically forwarded, modeling of nucleation rate, nucleation temperature, thermodynamic analysis as well as phase-field modeling have been conducted. An advantage of the modeling techniques is that the rate of nucleation and nucleation temperature as function of undercooling and cooling rate can be extrapolated beyond the experimental findings. A description of heterogeneous nucleation was modeled to elucidate the effect of cooling rate on the rate of nucleation and nucleation temperature. The rate of nucleation decreases with an increase of wetting angle, and the nucleation temperature decreases with increasing the cooling rate, also the microstructural evolution at different nucleation sites during solidification of 55%A1-Zn coating is simulated using a phase-field model. A comparison of this experimental observation with the phase field simulations reveals good correlation with the case where dendrite growth was initiated at the intermetallic layer. Detail examination and thermodynamic analysis explained the occurrence of the different intermetallic phases on the alloy layer that could provide potent nucleation sites and hence lead to variation of spangle size. Consideration of nature of nucleation and growth of 55%A1-Zn alloy on steel substrate was taken to clarify the variation of spangle size. In combination with modified immersion simulator and various measuring techniques and modeling approaches, it concluded that the intermetallic layer is potent nucleation site and results in spangle size variation, also the cooling rate and trace elements play role in the spangle size.
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Uwaha, Makio. "The Classical Nucleation Model : Entire Process of Crystal Growth and Application to Chirality Conversion." AIP, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20569.

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Katsuno, Hiroyasu, Hideaki Uemura, Makio Uwaha, and Yukio Saito. "Growth modes in two-dimensional heteroepitaxy on an elastic substrate." Elsevier, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7317.

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Back, Kevin. "The crystallisation of conformationally flexible molecules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-crystallisation-of-conformationally-flexible-molecules(e00131ab-f91f-4bc9-902b-421e4d70fd74).html.

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Crystallising large, flexible molecules, which are becoming more common in pharmaceutical development, often presents significant challenges for chemists and particle scientists. These difficulties are sometimes attributed to the flexibility of the molecule, and the existence of multiple conformers in solution. Structurally related impurities, frequently present when crystallising these materials, can also impact on growth and habit, and both these aspects are considered in this thesis. This work considers two pharmaceutical compounds, a relatively small but nonetheless flexible molecule, ethenzamide, and a precursor of Amprenavir, a much larger molecule. Both compounds typically grow as thin needles in a wide variety of solvents, and effort was required to grow suitable crystals for structure determination. Ethenzamide has an unusual structure, the amide group being out-of-plane relative to the ring, while in all known co-crystals of the compound, including three new co-crystal structures determined in this work, it has a planar structure with an intramolecular hydrogen bond not seen in the single component crystal. Theoretical structure generation calculations suggest a second polymorph with a planar conformation may exist, though a screen has not found any further solid phases. ab initio work suggests the planar conformation is the stable arrangement in vacuo. Several structures for the Amprenavir intermediate have been determined, as an ethanol solvate, a methanol solvate and a hydrate. A phase diagram has been measured in the industrial solvent mix, and the nucleation and growth properties of this molecule, both pure and in the presence of several structurally related impurities, have been measured. The Cambridge Structural Database has been searched for similar structures, and conformational searches have been carried out for both molecules, using vacuum phase ab initio energy calculations. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate solution phase structure. These theoretical and practical studies will try to relate conformational properties to crystallisation behaviour.
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Sullivan, Rachel. "Molecules, clusters and crystals : the crystallisation of p-aminobenzoic acid from solution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/molecules-clusters-and-crystals-the-crystallisation-of-paminobenzoic-acid-from-solution(ec826e71-782f-4bb0-9dc2-48cf94a7c941).html.

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Nucleation is a key step in the crystallisation process, where a new crystalline solid phase is created from a supersaturated solution. The applications of crystallisation as a purification and separation technique span many industries, yet still no definitive molecular mechanism for nucleation exists. This PhD is part of a critical mass research project involving researchers from both the Universities of Manchester and Leeds. The aim is to reveal the relationship between structural components of the nucleation transition state, solution phase molecular self-assembly and nano cluster formation, through to critically sized crystalline nuclei which then grow to crystals. All work has been carried out on a small organic molecule, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). This PhD has delivered successful characterisation of PABA in the solid and solution state, along with a detailed understanding of its nucleation kinetics and growth rates from a range of solvents. PABA has two enantiotropically related polymorphs, α and β, with the former constructed of carboxylic acid dimers and the latter of a hydrogen bonded tetramer network linking alternate acid and amine functionalities. New determinations of the crystal structures of both forms were submitted to the CCDC with Ref codes of AMBNAC07 and 08 for α and β PABA respectively. A detailed morphological study on both forms of PABA employing modelling and experimental methods has revealed the effect of solvent on the growth habit. In all polar solvents, α PABA displays a more important or slower growing (002) face than the calculated morphology implies. In water, β PABA has a much smaller (101 ̅) face in comparison to β PABA grown from alcohols. Crystallisation experiments demonstrate a clear solvent effect on the appearance of the two polymorphs. From organic solvents only α PABA is obtained, from water both α and β PABA are crystallised. A database search (CCDC) suggests that water may play an important role in the stabilisation of the nucleation transition state for both α and β PABA. This is not possible in organic solvents. Detailed nucleation and crystal growth kinetics have been measured for α PABA at 20°C in water, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and 2-propanol. A clear solvent trend was observed in both the derived rates of molecular attachment and crystal growth. These were fastest in water, followed by acetonitrile, then ethyl acetate and finally slowest, in 2-propanol. This can be explained by the solvation of the carboxylic acid functional group, where 2-propanol is deemed the most effective solvator of building units in solution and on a crystal surface. This conclusion is supported by the solution FTIR spectroscopy, which clearly confirms strong solvation.
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Gaines, Etienne. "The nucleation and growth of meta-aminobenzoic acid : a density functional theory and molecular dynamics study." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/54056.

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Controlling crystal polymorphism, the ability of a molecule to crystallise in different solid forms, is one of the grand, ongoing challenges in materials science. In the pharmaceutical industry particularly, where up to half of the active pharmaceutical active ingredients exhibit polymorphic behaviour, it is of paramount importance to rationalise the impact of experimental conditions, such as the nature of the solvent, on the obtainment of a specific c crystal form. As strategies for the selection of polymorphs is still, by and large, based on a trial-and-error approach, it is necessary to acquire a fundamental understanding of the factors controlling the formation of a speci fic solid-state structure during crystallisation from solution. During this doctoral research project, we have conducted a computer simulation study of the early stages of crystallisation of meta-aminobenzoic acid, an important model system in the investigation of polymorphic phenomena. This molecule can in fact form five different polymorphic forms whose selective crystallisation from solution chiefly depends on the nature of the solvent. Molecular models and computational chemistry methods, based on density functional theory and molecular dynamics, have been developed and applied to quantify the processes surrounding the crystallisation of meta-aminobenzoic acid: solvent-solute separation, solute aggregation and surface reactivity. The aim was to identify what controls, at the molecular level, the polymorphic selection process during crystallisation from solution of this important active pharmaceutical ingredient. The results show that the solvent play a signi cant role during the key stages of meta-aminobenzoic acid crystallisation by controlling both the kinetics and thermodynamics of solute desolvation, formation of prenucleation clusters and surface reactivity. This work represents a paradigm of the role of molecular processes during the early stages of nucleation in affecting polymorph selection during crystallisation from solution.
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Hutchinson, Adrian Paul. "The effect of additives on the growth of benzophenone." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-additives-on-the-growth-of-benzophenone(41b9d82d-644d-4e19-9035-8b6b239d1842).html.

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The effect of impurities on crystal morphology is a challenging problem, since even at low concentrations they can have drastic effects on the final habit. Industrially this causes problems with downstream processes such as filtration, processability and even storage. Conversely, structurally related additive molecules may be introduced to a system in order to mimic the effect of an impurity resulting in a beneficial effect on problematic crystal morphologies. The work presented here considers the design and use of tailor made additives on a nonhydrogen bonded crystal, benzophenone. This compound is typical of many agrochemical materials in that the major intermolecular interactions are of the nondirectional van der Waals type. Using crystal packing analysis a selection of additives has been chosen with the intent of specifically hindering certain directions of crystal growth. From an initial group of nine molecules two additives, 4ABP and 4MBP were found tobe particularly effective, both strongly hindering growth. Measured kinetic data suggests that these additives bind to steps in the growth spirals, drastically slowing growth of specific crystal faces altering the crystal morphology to a needle shape. Through nucleation experiments and product analysis the additives were shown to effect only crystal growth becoming incorporated into the crystal structure. Computational modelling of the binding of additives to the crystal surfaces of benzophenone has been used in an attempt to rationalise the experimental effects. In many cases calculated binding energies were in agreement with experimental observation. However, modified attachment energies did not match well with experimental observations.
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Carr, Matthew William. "A study of the kinetics of nucleation, growth and detachment of carbon dioxide and chlorine bubbles using pressure release nucleation and the quartz crystal microbalance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335381.

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Books on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Sangwal, Keshra. Nucleation and Crystal Growth. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119461616.

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Crystal growth for beginners: Fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. 2nd ed. Singapore: World Scientific, 2003.

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Crystal growth for beginners: Fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth, and epitaxy. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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Electrocrystallization: Fundamentals of nucleation and growth. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Sangwal, Keshra. Additives and crystallization processes: From fundamentals to applications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007.

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Precision crystallization: Theory and practice of controlling crystal size. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Rosenberger, Franz. Nucleation and growth control in protein crystallization: Final report. Huntsville, Ala: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1990.

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Rosenberger, Franz. Nucleation and convection effects in protein crystal growth: Second annual technical report; NASA grant NAG8-1161; period of performance, 6/1/96 through 5/31/97. Huntsville, Ala: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1997.

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Hallett, John. Final report, nucleation and growth of crystals under cirrus and polar stratospheric cloud conditions (NASA grant no. NAG-W-2572. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Rosenberger, F. Convective flow effects on protein crystal growth: First semi-annual progress report, NASA grant NAG8-950, period of performance 2/1/93 through 7/31/93. Huntsville, Ala: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Vere, A. W. "Transport, Nucleation and Growth." In Crystal Growth, 5–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9897-5_2.

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Mutaftschiev, Boyan. "Nucleation." In Crystal Growth in Science and Technology, 27–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0549-1_2.

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Kashchiev, D. "Nucleation." In Science and Technology of Crystal Growth, 53–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0137-0_5.

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Wankat, Phillip C. "Nucleation and Crystal Growth." In Rate-Controlled Separations, 80–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9724-6_3.

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Barker, Andy J. "Crystal nucleation and growth." In Introduction to Metamorphic Textures and Microstructures, 57–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7291-6_5.

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Wankat, Phillip C. "Nucleation and Crystal Growth." In Rate-Controlled Separations, 80–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1342-7_3.

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Van der Bruggen, Bart. "Nucleation Stage Crystal Growth." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_417-1.

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Van Rosmalen, G. M., and A. E. Van Der Heijden. "Secondary Nucleation." In Science and Technology of Crystal Growth, 259–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0137-0_20.

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Markov, Ivan V. "Nucleation at Surfaces." In Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth, 17–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_2.

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Mutaftschiev, Boyan. "Time-Dependent Nucleation Kinetics." In The Atomistic Nature of Crystal Growth, 267–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04591-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Vekilov, Peter G., W. Wang, Katsuo Tsukamoto, and Di Wu. "Nucleation of Crystals in Solution." In SELECTED TOPICS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH: 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3476239.

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Uwaha, Makio, W. Wang, Katsuo Tsukamoto, and Di Wu. "The Classical Nucleation Model—Entire Process of Crystal Growth and Application to Chirality Conversion." In SELECTED TOPICS ON CRYSTAL GROWTH: 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3476225.

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Liu, Xiang Yang. "From Templated Nucleation to Functional Materials Engineering." In PERSPECTIVES ON INORGANIC, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CRYSTAL GROWTH: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS: Basedon the lectures presented at the 13th International Summer School on Crystal Growth. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751928.

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DeLucas, Lawrence J., William Crysel, Terry Bray, Marianna M. Long, Karen M. Moore, and Lance Weise. "Protein Crystal Growth in Space, Past and Future." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ts-23407.

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Abstract The Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering (CBSE) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham has performed protein crystal growth experiments on more than 37 U.S. space shuttle missions. Results from these experiments have clearly demonstrated that the microgravity environment is beneficial in that a number of proteins crystallized were larger and of higher quality than their earth-grown counterparts. Improvement in crystal quality is judged by analysis of ultimate diffraction resolution, individual peak mosaicity, and electron density maps. There are now a number of protein crystals that exhibited resolution improvements of 0.5Å to 1.5Å. Mosaicity studies revealed dramatic decreases in peak widths for the microgravity-grown crystals. These microgravity results plus data from a variety of other investigators have stimulated various space agencies to support fundamental studies in macromolecular crystal growth processes. The CBSE has devoted substantial effort toward the development of dynamically-controlled crystal growth systems which allow scientists to optimize crystallization parameters on Earth or in space. These systems enable monitoring and control of the approach to nucleation and post-nucleation growth phases, thereby dramatically improving the crystal size and x-ray diffraction characteristics. The CBSE is currently designing a complete crystallographic laboratory for the International Space Station including: a crystal growth rack, which will support a variety of crystallization hardware systems; an x-ray diffraction rack for crystal characterization or a complete x-ray data set collection; and robotically-controlled crystal harvesting/cryopreservation systems that can be operated with minimal crew time via telerobotic and/or robotic procedures. Key elements of the x-ray system include unique x-ray focusing technology combined with a lightweight, low power source. The x-ray detection system is based on commercial CCD-based technology. This paper will describe the x-ray facility envisioned for the International Space Station.
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Lahav, Meir, Isabelle Weissbuch, and Leslie Leiserowitz. "Stereochemical Studies on Nucleation, Growth and Reactivity of Organic Crystals." In PERSPECTIVES ON INORGANIC, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CRYSTAL GROWTH: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS: Basedon the lectures presented at the 13th International Summer School on Crystal Growth. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2751926.

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Khvorova, Lyudmila. "ACTIVATE NUCLEATION AND CRYSTAL GROWTH OF DEXTROSE BY SURFACTANTS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.2/s25.001.

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Erni, Rolf. "Atomic Mechanisms of Crystal Nucleation and Growth in Liquids." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.202.

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Marciniak, Bernard, and I. Kurzela. "Relation between growth and nucleation processes and growth solutions volume." In Liquid and Solid State Crystals: Physics, Technology, and Applications, edited by Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156934.

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Ling, Florence T., Heather A. Hunter, and Catherine A. Peters. "NUCLEATION, GROWTH, AND CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY OF SR CO-PRECIPITATION INTO BARITE." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379611.

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Marciniak, Bernard. "Optimalization of growth solution volume for investigations of growth and nucleation processes." In Solid State Crystals: Materials Science and Applications, edited by Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.224943.

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Reports on the topic "Nucleation and Crystal Growth"

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Amoroso, J. NEPHELINE NUCLEATION AND CRYSTAL GROWTH IN WASTE GLASSES: INTERIM REPORT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024871.

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Wang, Xudong. Nucleation and Crystal Growth in the Formation of Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitecture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1419427.

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Fox, K., J. Amoroso, and D. Mcclane. Nucleation and crystal growth behavior of nepheline in simulated high-level waste glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395257.

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Dudley, Michael. In Situ Studies of Defect Nucleation During the PVT and CVD Growth of Silicon Carbide Single Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486859.

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Dudley, Michael. In Situ Studies of Defect Nucleation During the PVT and CVD Growth of Silicon Carbide Single Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458217.

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Wang, Chia-Gee. Controlled Nucleation and Growth in Semiconductor Epitaxy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415932.

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Land, T., and R. Hawley-Fedder. Advanced Crystal Growth Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/917916.

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Edwards, L. Condensation growth and nucleation scavenging over large fires. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5053684.

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Edwards, L. L. Simulations of cloud condensation droplet nucleation and growth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5988563.

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Appy, David. Nucleation and growth of metals on carbon surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505184.

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