Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nuclear weapons France Testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear weapons France Testing'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

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Bracegirdle, A. M. "Case Analysis: Case to the International Court of Justice on Legality of French Nuclear Testing." Leiden Journal of International Law 9, no. 2 (June 1996): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156596000325.

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Last year, for the second time in a little over 20 years, New Zealand asked the International Court of Justice to adjudicate the legality of French nuclear testing. This followed the announcement by the new President of France to the effect that the moratorium that his predecessor had put in place three years earlier, and had promised that France would continue to observe, would be terminated. The action by the New Zealand government was based on a unanimous decision by all political parties in New Zealand. This action reflected the anger of the countries in the South Pacific at the fact that a nuclear-weapon state was still prepared, in 1996, to explode nuclear devices in fragile marine environments on the other side of the world. In short, New Zealand wanted to utilize all available opportunities to persuade France not to proceed.
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Sarkisov, A. A. "Radioactive contamination mitigation in the Arctic region." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873892107-124.

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This article discusses the most significant sources of large-scale radioactive contamination to which the Arctic has been exposed since the middle of the last century, which are identified as 1) radioactive fallout and deposition from nuclear weapon testing; 2) plum waste from the Sellafield radiochemical plant (United Kingdom) and Cap de la Ag (France) nuclear fleet operation; 3) radioisotope thermoelectric generators; and 4) submerged and sunken radioactive objects. The article assesses the comparative contribution and associated radioecological risks of these sources, and special attention is focused on the “nuclear legacy” of the USSR/Russian nuclear fleet and the search for solutions. The article describes the content and implementation results of the “Development of a Strategic Master Plan for Disposition of Decommissioned Russian Nuclear-Powered Fleet and Rehabilitation of Hazardously Radioactive Sites and Facilities of Its Support Infrastructure” which was developed with broad international cooperation. Attention is drawn to remaining environmental problems associated with submerged and sunken objects that contain spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste in the Arctic, and the article presents generalized data on such objects and associated risks of water contamination as identified by analyses of model studies of possible accident consequences.
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Parmentier, Remi. "Review: Celebrated French Rainbow Warrior investigation echoes Watergate." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 2 (October 31, 2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i2.129.

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Parmentier, Rémi. (2015). Celebrated French Rainbow Warrior investigation echoes Watergate. Pacific Journalism Review, 21(2): 185-188. Review of La Troisième Équipe—Souvenirs de l’Affaire Greenpeace, by Edwy Plenel. Paris: France. Editions Don Quichotte, 2015, 140 pp. ISBN 978-235-949-462-4If you visit the headquarters of the newspaper Le Monde in Paris, on the wall facing you in the main hall after you’ve passed security you’ll find, side-by-side, the large reproductions of two covers of the daily newspaper which has been for decades the hallmark of the French intelligentsia. Testimonies of passed times, nearly three decades separate the one on the right side of the wall, ‘Marshal Stalin has died’ (March, 1953) from the one on the left, ‘The Rainbow Warrior would have been sunk by a third team of French military’ (September, 1985). Why did someone choose to juxtapose two stories that bear no relation? Maybe it is because both events marked a new point of departure in the psyche of the Parisian Left: Stalin’s death opened the key to the Soviet Pandora's box, and the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior 30 years ago by a French secret service squad in Auckland harbour to prevent Greenpeace from protesting against nuclear weapons testing in French Polynesia is now seen as the most grotesque illustration of François Mitterrand’s presidency (1982-1995) renunciation of his Socialist Party’s stated values.Image above: Rémi Parmentier alongside the 1985 Rainbow Warrior 'scoop' front page in the foyer of Le Monde.
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HEYLIN, MICHAEL. "Nuclear Weapons Testing." Chemical & Engineering News 66, no. 7 (February 15, 1988): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n007.p008.

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Jenkins, Brian. "FRANCE AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS." Journal of Area Studies 6, no. 11 (January 1985): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02613530.1985.9673659.

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Macilwain, Colin. "Nuclear fusion without weapons testing." Nature 403, no. 6769 (February 2000): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000712.

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Lewis, Jeffrey. "Nuclear-weapons design and testing." Adelphi Series 54, no. 446 (April 3, 2014): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19445571.2014.995420.

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Simon, Steven L., and André Bouville. "Health effects of nuclear weapons testing." Lancet 386, no. 9992 (August 2015): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61037-6.

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Darby, Sarah C., and Eve Roman. "Nuclear Weapons Testing and Childhood Leukaemia." Annals of Medicine 25, no. 5 (January 1993): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853899309147306.

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Sanders, Emma. "Nuclear Weapons: France focuses on Mégajoule project." Physics World 12, no. 3 (March 1999): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/12/3/10.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

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Raas, Whitney. "A thousand suns : political motivations for nuclear weapons testing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37436.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references.
Nuclear weapon testing is the final step in the nuclear development process, an announcement of ability and strength. The consequences of a nuclear test are far from easy to bear, however: economic sanctions can be crippling and nuclear capability automatically makes one a nuclear target. Why, then, do states test nuclear weapons? This thesis aims to determine the answer to this question using India as a model. It is well known that India tested nuclear weapons in 1974 and in 1998, but less well known are the near-tests of 1983, 1995, and 1996. This thesis examines the situation in these years and the details of the nuclear decisions based on four hypotheses: technical concerns, security and power, domestic politics, and norms and ideas. This study shows that while all four of these theories play a role, technical concerns (contrary to popular belief) are very minor portion of the overall decision to test a nuclear weapon and are relegated to an excuse for scientists. Domestic politics, especially the political fortunes of those in power, play a large role, especially when combined with real, existential security concerns. Similarly, the prestige and status that leaders believe is imparted by nuclear ability is of major import. Understanding the reasons for nuclear testing will lead to fewer nuclear surprises in the future and may help to address the concerns of the growing number of states with latent nuclear capabilities.
by Whitney Lyke Raas.
S.M.
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Gurr, Nadine. "Arms control and middle powers : the role of the UK in the partial test ban treaty negotiations 1952-1963." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296054.

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Jessee, Emory Jerry. "Radiation ecologies: bombs, bodies, and environment during the atmospheric nuclear weapons testing period, 1942-1965." Diss., Montana State University, 2013. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2013/jessee/JesseeE0513.pdf.

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From 1945 to 1963 the United States Atomic Energy Commission detonated over 200 nuclear weapons tests at its Nevada and Pacific test sites, irradiating every living thing on the planet. Much of the historical scholarship on the period has focused on the scientific debate over the health effects of low-level radiation exposure or on determining what and when the Atomic Energy Commission knew about the health effects fallout. This dissertation, however, argues that the growth of ecological thinking about the health effects of fallout exposure in environmental sciences such as ecology, oceanography, and meteorology dramatically reshaped what was known about radiological risk and provided the scientific foundation for the Limited Test Ban Treaty. By highlighting the ways that radiation traveled beyond the boundaries of the test sites and became incorporated into critical human food chains, this ecological way of perceiving fallout largely replaced previous approaches to fallout risks derived from the discipline of health physics that focused on external forms of radiation exposure and ideas of spatial containment. This dissertation, however, also argues that fallout radiation proved much more than a menacing pollutant. Because environmental scientists can utilize radiation as a tool to trace out structure and function of the ecosystem, as well as oceanic and atmospheric motions, it also emerged during this period as a critical scientific practice. In tracing radiation as it moved through the environment, environmental scientists not only made legible the connections between the health of human bodies and the irradiated environment, but also demonstrated empirically that the earth was a spatially integrated biosphere. Such realizations, this dissertation concludes, formed an important footing the nascent environmental movement and helped establish the authority of the environmental sciences in matters of environmental pollution and regulation.
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Pillai, Anil Ph D. "Retreating from the Nuclear Path Testing the theory of Prudential Realism to explain Nuclear Forbearance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342103267.

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Lance, Jay Logan. "Can commercial satellite data aid in the detection of covert nuclear weapons programs?" Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865933.

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This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using commercial satellite data to detect covert nuclear weapons programs. Seven-band Landsat Thematic Mapper data covering the Pahute Mesa (an area within the United States Nevada Nuclear Testing Site), acquired on October 16, 1985, were analyzed to determine if underground nuclear test sites were spectrally distinguishable from the surrounding area. The analysis consisted of four steps: (1) analyzing the raw data, (2) manipulating the raw data through contrast stretching, filter application, matrix algebra, and principal components analyses, (3) identifying parameters that affect classification of underground nuclear tests and (4) selectively limiting parameters. The results of limiting parameters showed that a supervised classification of a signature created with a five-original-pixel seed of one representative, known test site provided an accurate classification of most known test sites. To further eliminate erroneous classification of roads and other areas of similar reflectance, these areas were seeded to create a second signature. This signature, whose spectral responses were different, was then used in a simultaneous classification. This classification further eliminated erroneous classification of non-test site areas, demonstrating that commercial satellite digital data can aid in the detection of covert nuclear weapons programs, in this case, underground nuclear testing. An application of the classification scheme used is proposed to confront a scenario in which a country seeks additional verification of another party's proposed violation of test ban treaties.
Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Kumari, Deepshikha. "Evaluating India's possession of nuclear weapons : a study of India's legitimation strategies and the international responses between 1998-2008." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:85bdfbac-4bb5-4d6b-a0cf-0981b3c0277c.

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The scope of the thesis is to study India's nuclear behavior and the international responses in the period following India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 leading up to the waiver for India by the nuclear suppliers group in 2008. The thesis explores this process of nuclear reconciliation in the context of a quest for international nuclear legitimacy. Nuclear legitimation is understood as a two-sided process and the explanation assumes two sides to the story: the Indian side and the audience side. Grounding the conceptualization within a theoretical framework of constructivism, the thesis explores the legitimation strategies employed by the Indian government to assuage international apprehensions about its possession of nuclear weapons. Additionally, the thesis analyzes how and why selected states in the international audience received and responded to India's strategies. In doing so, the thesis acknowledges but goes beyond an apparent power and interest explanation underlined by geo-political/security considerations and economic/trade interests - to include an analysis of shared norms and beliefs that constituted a basis for legitimacy judgments, circumscribed the interaction between India and other states, induced certain responses on the audience side and made possible certain claims on the Indian side. The principal argument is that normative evaluations and ideational factors served as important resources on both sides and also played an important role in determining the timing as well as the nature of nuclear reconciliation with India. By allowing a strategic employment of different arguments that appealed to the different states in the targeted audience, a legitimation process reduced the political, economic and diplomatic costs for the Indian government. Similarly, it enabled other states in the audience to support (as the P3: France, Russia and United Kingdom did), not come in the way (as the game-changers: Australia, Canada, Germany and Japan did) or not block India-specific waiver (as the white knights: Ireland, Austria, Norway, New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland did) - and to justify their responses, cost-effectively.
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Holloway, Joshua T. "Help, Hinder, or Hesitate: American Nuclear Policy Toward the French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons Programs, 1961-1976." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555692933625691.

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Jaeger, Laura. "Nucléaire et santé : recherche sur la relation entre le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1061.

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Cette thèse traite de la relation entre le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé. Le droit de la santé y est entendu dans son acception large, en tant que discipline juridique régissant la santé environnementale, soit la santé de l'homme dans son environnement naturel et de travail. Le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé partageant le même objectif de protection de la santé de l'homme dans son environnement, le premier est nécessairement influencé par le second. La démonstration s'attache en particulier à caractériser cette relation évidente du droit nucléaire et du droit de la santé en matière de protection comme de responsabilité sanitaires liées aux risques nucléaires. De ce point de vue, elle oppose à la symbiose de ces deux droits en matière de protection sanitaire contre les risques nucléaires leur scission en matière de responsabilité sanitaire. La relation entre le droit nucléaire et le droit de la santé est en effet caractérisée par une symbiose parfaite en matière de protection sanitaire contre le risque nucléaire, quelle qu'en soit l'origine ; les différentes composantes du droit nucléaire, cristallisées autour du noyau dur de la radioprotection, se complétant afin de protéger la santé environnementale. Or, cette symbiose cède le pas à une véritable scission en matière de responsabilité sanitaire consécutive aux risques nucléaires ; cette dernière étant marquée par des régimes pluriels tributaires de l'origine médicale, professionnelle, civile ou bien encore militaire du risque nucléaire. Le dommage sanitaire radiologique est en effet appréhendé tantôt communément par le droit de la santé, tantôt spécialement par le droit nucléaire
This PhD thesis deals with the relationship between nuclear law and health law. Health law is understood in its wide sense, as a legal discipline governing environmental health, i.e. the health of man in his natural and work environment. Nuclear law and health law sharing the same objective of protecting the health of man in his environment, the former is necessarily influenced by the latter. My demonstration focuses in particular on how to characterize this obvious relationship between nuclear law and health law regarding health protection as well as liability for nuclear risks. From this point of view, it opposes the symbiosis of these two fields of the law with regard to health protection against nuclear risks and their split with regard to health liability. The relationship between nuclear law and health law is indeed characterized by a perfect symbiosis regarding health protection against nuclear risk, whichever its origin; the various components of nuclear law, crystallized around the core of radiation protection, complementing one another in order to protect environmental health. However, this symbiosis gives way to a real split regarding health liability for nuclear risks; this one being marked by plural regimes which depend on the professional, medical, civil or military origin of the nuclear risk. The radiological health damage is indeed apprehended sometimes commonly by health law, sometimes specially by nuclear law
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Maurer, Anais. "Under the Nuclear Sun: Ecocritical Literature and Anticolonial Struggle in the Pacific." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8224BM2.

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This dissertation argues that Pacific literature is haunted by a form of ecological aggression known as nuclear colonialism. The Pacific is the region of the world where Western nations tested most of their nuclear and thermonuclear weapons – an extreme form of colonial occupation that will impact both the land and the people for hundreds of thousands of years. This study analyzes Pacific works published post World War II, from Māori poet Hone Tuwhare’s 1964 collection of poetry to riMajel oral performer Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner’s 2017 videoart, focusing in particular on the francophone works of writers identifying as Kanak, Mā’ohi, and Ni-Vanuatu. Through a series of close-readings of this multilingual and transnational corpus, it argues that nuclear colonialism functions as a leitmotiv informing both the politics and the poetics of this anticolonial corpus, despite the fact that nuclear violence is often denounced in between the lines, through oblique and diffuse references mirroring the ubiquity of radioactivity itself.
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Caron, Jennifer. "Edward Lewis and Radioactive Fallout: The Impact of Caltech Biologists on the Debate Over Nuclear Weapons Testing in the 1950s and 60s." Thesis, 2003. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1190/1/LewisandFallout.pdf.

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The work of Caltech biologists, particularly, Edward Lewis, on leukemia and ionizing radiation transformed the public debate over nuclear weapons testing. The United States began testing hydrogen bombs in 1952, sending radioactive fallout around the globe. Earlier more localized fallout was generated starting in 1945 from tests of atomic weapons at Nevada test sites. The Atomic Energy Commission claimed the tests would not harm human health. Geneticists knew from animal and plant experiments that radiation can cause both illness and gene mutations. They spoke out to warn the policymakers and the public. Edward Lewis used data from four independent populations exposed to radiation to demonstrate that the incidence of leukemia was linearly related to the accumulated dose of radiation. He argued that this implied that leukemia resulted from a somatic gene mutation. Since there was no evidence for the existence of a threshold for the induction of gene mutations down to doses as low as 25 r, there was unlikely to be a threshold for the induction of leukemia. This was the first serious challenge to the concept that there would be a threshold for the induction of cancer by ionizing radiation. Outspoken scientists, including Linus Pauling, used Lewis's risk estimate to inform the public about the danger of nuclear fallout by estimating the number of leukemia deaths that would be caused by the test detonations. In May of 1957 Lewis's analysis of the radiation-induced human leukemia data was published as a lead article in Science magazine. In June he presented it before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy of the US Congress
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Books on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

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International Metallography Conference (1995 Colmar, France). MC95: Proceedings of the International Metallography Conference, Colmar, France, 10-12 May 1995. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1996.

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Regnault, Jean-Marc. La France à l'opposé d'elle-même: Essais d'histoire politique de l'Océanie : "Il y a un monde du Pacifique" disait de Gaulle. Moorea, Polynésie française: Éditions de Tahiti, 2006.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Encouraging the peace process in Sri Lanka and expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should recognize the concerns of the peoples of Oceania and call upon the government of France to cease all nuclear testing at the Moruroa and Fangataufa Atolls: Markup before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H. Res. 181 and H. Con. Res. 80, July 26, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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N, Mikhailov V., ed. Catalog of worldwide nuclear testing. New York: Begell House, 1999.

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LeBaron, Wayne D. America's nuclear legacy. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 1998.

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Firth, Stewart. Nuclear playground. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1987.

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Sue, Lloyd-Roberts, ed. Fields of thunder: Testing Britain's bomb. London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1985.

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Chanton, Christine. Les vétérans des essais nucléaires français au Sahara, 1960-1966. Toulouse: Groupe de recherche en histoire immédiate, 2003.

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Hibakusha in USA. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 1985.

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Chanton, Christine. Les vétérans des essais nucléaires français au Sahara, 1960-1966. Toulouse: Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, Groupe de recherche en histoire immédiate, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

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Garwin, Richard L., and Vadim A. Simonenko. "Nuclear Weapon Development Without Nuclear Testing?" In Nuclear Weapons, 213–42. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429040375-12.

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Chilton, Patricia. "French Nuclear Weapons." In Defence and Dissent in Contemporary France, 135–70. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003189015-5.

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Beyer, John, Julian Cooper, Gerald Holden, François Nectoux, Nancy Ramsey, David Schorr, Tony Thompson, Andrew White, and Scilla McLean. "France." In How Nuclear Weapons Decisions are Made, 154–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18081-3_4.

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Futter, Andrew. "Testing, Authorising and Delivering Nuclear Weapons." In The Politics of Nuclear Weapons, 37–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48737-9_3.

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Cerny, Philip G. "Gaullism, Nuclear Weapons and the State." In Defence and Dissent in Contemporary France, 46–74. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003189015-2.

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Gregory, Shaun. "France, the Nuclear Weapons Test Moratorium and the NPT and CTBT Processes." In France, 104–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24324-2_8.

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Taylor, Theodore B. "Can Nuclear Weapons Be Developed Without Full Testing?" In Verification of Arms Reductions, 82–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46684-7_9.

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Simon, S. L. "Monitoring the Marshall Islands for Residual Weapons Testing Fallout: Techniques and Findings." In Nuclear Physical Methods in Radioecological Investigations of Nuclear Test Sites, 181–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4116-1_16.

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Aldrich, Robert. "Nuclear Testing, the ‘New Pacific’ and French International Policy." In France and the South Pacific since 1940, 302–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10828-2_9.

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Beck, Harold L., Irene K. Helfer, André Bouville, and Mona Dreicer. "Estimates of Fallout in the Continental U.S. from Nevada Weapons Testing Based on Gummed-Film Monitoring Data." In Atmospheric Nuclear Tests, 151–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03610-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

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Corden, Pierce, and David Hafemeister. "Nuclear proliferation and testing: A tale of two treaties." In NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND RELATED SECURITY ISSUES. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5009229.

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Jenkins, Phillip P., Kelly M. Trautz, Robert J. Walters, Justin R. Lorentzen, Jonathan H. Fisher, Richard Horton, C. David Newlander, et al. "Nuclear weapons effects testing of solar cells using the National Ignition Facility (NIF)." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5614573.

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Nazzaro, Robin, William Swick, Nancy Kintner-Meyer, Thomas Perry, Carole Blackwell, Christopher Hatscher, and Avani Locke. "U.S. Department of Energy’s High-Level Waste Program: Opportunities and Challenges in Achieving Risk and Cost Reductions." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4627.

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The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) oversees one of the largest cleanup programs in history—the treatment and disposal of 356,260 cubic meters of highly radioactive nuclear waste created as a result of the nation’s nuclear weapons program. This waste is currently stored at DOE sites in the states of Washington, Idaho, and South Carolina. In 2002, DOE began an accelerated cleanup initiative to reduce the estimated $105-billion cost and 70-year time frame required for the program. The U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO), an agency of the U.S. Congress, evaluated DOE’s high-level waste program to determine the status of the accelerated cleanup initiative, the legal and technical challenges DOE faces in implementing it, and any further opportunities to improve program management. GAO found that DOE’s initiative for reducing the cost and time required for cleaning up high-level waste is evolving. DOE’s main strategy continues to include concentrating much of the radioactivity into a smaller volume for disposal in a geologic repository. Under the accelerated initiative, DOE sites are evaluating other approaches, such as disposing of more of the waste on site or at other designated locations. DOE’s current savings estimate for these approaches is $29 billion, but the estimate is not based on a complete assessment of costs and benefits and has other computational limitations. For example, the savings estimate does not adequately reflect the timing of when savings will be realized, which distorts the actual amount of savings DOE may realize. DOE faces significant legal and technical challenges to realize these savings. A key legal challenge involves DOE’s authority to decide that some waste with relatively low concentrations of radioactivity can be disposed of on site. A recent court ruling against DOE is a major threat to DOE’s ability to meet its accelerated schedules. A key technical challenge is DOE’s approach for separating waste into high-level and low-activity portions. At the Hanford Site in Washington State, DOE is planning to implement such a method that will not be fully tested until the separations facility is constructed. This approach increases the risk and cost of schedule delays compared to fully testing an integrated pilot-scale facility. However, DOE believes the risks are manageable and that a pilot facility would unnecessarily delay waste treatment and disposal. DOE has opportunities to improve management of the high-level waste program. When it began the initiative to reduce costs and accelerate the high-level waste cleanup schedule, DOE acknowledged it had systematic problems with the way the program was managed. Although DOE has taken steps to improve program management, GAO has continuing concerns about management weaknesses in several areas. These include making key decisions without a sufficiently rigorous supporting analysis, incorporating technology before it is sufficiently tested, and pursuing a “fast-track” approach of simultaneous design and construction of complex nuclear facilities. DOE’s management actions have not fully addressed these weaknesses.
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Zhong, Zhimin, Jian Min, and Kai Li. "Codes Comparison and Analysis of Weld Cladding Ultrasonic Testing in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15086.

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This paper briefly introduces the weld cladding structure, its common defects during the manufacture and operation stage and its application in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Some ultrasonic testing codes or standards for nuclear power plant pressure vessel or piping, such as ASME BPVC volume V & III & XI, Germany KTA 3201.3 and 3201.4 code, France RCC-M and RSE-M code, and Russia code of light water nuclear power plants were discussed. The difference of those codes and some feed backs have been analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, these works really benefit the compiling of NB/T 20003.2-2010, Non-destructive Testing for Mechanical Components in Nuclear Island of Nuclear Power Plants-Part 2: Ultrasonic Testing, as China building more and more nuclear power plants. It was concluded that we shall pay more attention to the inspection of cladding, not only at manufacture stage but in operation outage stage. One of important work is periodically updating the inspection standard revision. It was believed that improving the cladding defects inspection reliability and effectiveness is very important to the safety of nuclear power plants operation in China and in the world.
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Wilde, Taunia S., Richard A. Holmes, and Gary M. Sandquist. "Review of Quality Assurance for CMRR at LANL." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48322.

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The Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) Project under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory is being executed under a variety of Quality Assurance Requirements, DOE Orders, and CFR Regulations for the design, construction, and testing of all physical aspects of the CMRR Project. This unique US Nuclear Defense Project is the most significant new nuclear weapons infrastructure development since inception of the Manhattan Engineering District Program in the 1940’s. Those unclassified aspects of QA requirements and procedures implemented for this major project are presented and assessed for meeting the demanding requirements imposed to ensure safety, reliability, and success of this vital facility to secure US Nuclear Defense in the 21st century.
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Ohira, Hiroaki, and Misao Takamatsu. "Thermal-Hydraulic Evaluation of Joyo Fuel Subassembly With Local Blockage." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75221.

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In the incident of the experimental fast reactor Joyo in June 2007, little amount of metal powder was estimated to be produced by the contact between the bottom of the upper core structure and the test section of the material testing rig with temperature control. Up to now, no foreign materials were detected by the in-vessel observations. However, a small amount of metal powder which could be placed into the fuel pin bundles was assumed in the present study. Preliminary safety evaluation of the wire-wrapped fuel pin bundles of Joyo with local blockage were performed in the rated power operational condition, an anticipated transient during operation and an accident. A single-phase transient subchannel analysis code ASFRE, which was verified by various local blockage experiments in France and in Japan, was applied to the present evaluations. From these results, it was concluded a small amount of metal powder assumed to be produced by the incident would not affect the safety operations in rated power conditions, in anticipated transients and in accidents.
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Brumovsky, Milan. "Comparison of PTS Guides for Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15419.

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Integrity of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) are of the most importance for safety of the whole NPP. From all potential regimes, Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) regimes during emergency cooling conditions are the most severe and most important. Several nuclear codes are based in similar approaches but their procedures differ and are based on national knowledge and approach to fracture mechanics as well as non-destructive methods of reactor pressure vessel testing. The paper will compare requirements and procedures for PTS evaluation in accordance with RCC-M code in France [2], KTA in Germany [3], Russian original code PNAEG from 1989 [5] and new procedure from 2004 for WWER vessels [4], as well as VERLIFE procedure and IAEA-NULIFE VERLIFE [6] procedure for WWER RPVs and finally ASME Code requirements [1] including US NRC RG approach. Detailed comparison of individual parameters in calculations are compared — material properties, degradation of materials, calculated defects size and form, fracture mechanics approach, warm pre-stressing possibility etc.
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Glass, S. W., and R. F. Cole. "Inspection and Repair Technology for BMI Penetrations." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49478.

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Historically, United States (US) nuclear power plant inspections of the reactor vessel bottom-mounted-instrument (BMI) penetrations have been limited to visual verification via a combination of walk-downs and pressure tests. However in France, more than 18 UT and weld-surface VT campaigns had been performed to inspect the BMI penetration nozzles and welds since 1992 with no observed failures through 2002. In April 2003, South Texas Project Unit 1 discovered apparent leakage from two nozzles during a bare-metal examination. Based on the French inspection experience, Framatome ANP was selected for inspection and repair services to address the leaking nozzles. Inspection activities included ultrasonic examination (UT) of the tube, enhanced visual test (VT) and eddy current testing (ECT) of the J-groove weld, bobbin ECT and profilometry of the tube ID, helium leak test, phased-array UT, borescopic VT, and boat-sample removal with destructive metallurgical analysis. Repair activities included sealing the top portion of the penetration, cutting out the old nozzles, and welding in new nozzles. This presentation discusses BMI inspection and repair technology focused particularly on the South Texas Project experience.
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Olivier, Fiquet, Boivinet Raynal, and Trabuc Pierre. "Reprocessing Nuclear Fuel Containing Polymers." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48012.

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Organic radiolysis generates enough hydrogen gas to question the safety of radioactive fuel transportation and long-term storage. A safety analysis points out the absolute necessity to get rid of all organic substances in nuclear fuel long-term storage. In the past decades, R and D activities have been producing quantities of rod fuel samples embedded in polymer resins for characterization purposes. Until recently, resin has not been removed from samples and today large sample quantities have to be reprocessed. The “STAR” nuclear facility at CEA Cadarache in France devoted to used fuel stabilization and conditioning, recently decided to implement in the hot cell a particular process to achieve the safety requirements. In order to define a versatile process, efficient for any kind of polymer, thermal treatment has been chosen over a chemical or mechanical process. The definition of this particular thermal treatment must take into account; the hot cell environment, the nuclear safety rules and the behavior of resins. A prototypic furnace has been built for study purposes and thermal cycle validation. Today, the thermal cycle has been defined in two phases as follow: First phase: pyrolysis is used to transform resin into residues and gases. A post gas treatment will be added to the furnace for total gas oxidation. Second phase: Air thermal treatment will achieve the complete residue oxidation and guarantee a hydrogen free product. The final equipment will be available in 2009 for testing and validation cycles with a radioactive free simulator before it is to be implemented in the hot cell in 2010.
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Jones, Merwin W., Kim M. Massey, and David Voisin. "Technical Challenges of Retubing the E´lectricite´ de France (EDF) Belleville Unit 2." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55305.

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This paper describes the numerous challenges involved in the partial retubing of the Belleville Nuclear Station Unit 2 steam surface condenser using 64,242 tubes. Specific challenges of the project included retubing with both duplex stainless steel tubes and with brass alloy tubes, analyzing the risk of flow induced tube vibration and designing a staking system to prevent such vibration, and, replacement of six tubesheets. The tubesheet stresses were analyzed using a beam strip analysis and ANSYS, and new tubesheets were reverse engineered from original drawings. Tubesheets were aligned to the support plate holes using a newly developed laser alignment system. Prior to the retubing, extensive mockup tests were performed to optimize the rolling torque, and to determine rolling parameters that limit the work-hardening of the brass tubes. Testing also included leak testing the mockup joints with a small pressure vessel and then performing a helium leak test of the pressurized tube joints. Tests were performed with both smooth and serrated holes.
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Reports on the topic "Nuclear weapons France Testing"

1

Scarlett, Harry. Nuclear Weapons Testing Today [Slides]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782610.

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Scarlett, Harry Alan. Nuclear Fundamentals Orientation Module 2: Nuclear Weapons Testing (Past). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1631539.

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Bomber, Thomas M., and David Henry Zeuch. An estimate of Sandia resources for underground nuclear weapons effects testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918208.

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Carr, Alan. Of Clouds and Craters: The History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615651.

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Carr, Alan. Of Clouds and Craters: The Incredible Story of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1884751.

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Kile, Shannon N., and Hans M. Kristensen. Trends in World Nuclear Forces, 2017. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/vczj4446.

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At the start of 2017 nine states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea—possessed approximately 4150 operationally deployed nuclear weapons. If all nuclear warheads are counted, these states together possessed a total of approximately 14 935 nuclear weapons. While the overall number of nuclear weapons in the world continues to decline, none of the nuclear weapon-possessing states are prepared to give up their nuclear arsenals for the foreseeable future. This Fact Sheet estimates the nuclear weapon inventory of the nine nuclear-weapon possessing states and highlights some key aspects of the states’ recent nuclear-force developments.
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Kristensen, Hans M., and Shannon N. Kile. Trends in World Nuclear Forces, 2016. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nqhr5228.

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As of January 2016, nine states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea)—possessed approximately 4120 operationally deployed nuclear weapons. If all nuclear weapons are counted, these states together possessed a total of approximately 15 395 nuclear weapons, compared to approximately 15 850 in 2015. While the overall number of nuclear weapons in the world continues to decline, none of the nuclear weapon-possessing states are prepared to give up their nuclear arsenals for the foreseeable future. This Fact Sheet estimates the nuclear weapon inventory of the nine nuclear-weapon possessing states and highlights some key aspects of the states’ recent nuclear-force developments.
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Gordon, Andrew. Betty Perkins: A giant in nuclear weapons research Reports amassed after testing ban are vital to today’s work. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1787260.

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