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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics"

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DE FRANCE, G. "GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AT GANIL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 08 (November 2006): 1957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306005472.

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Gamma-ray spectroscopy associated to the clear identification of the emitting nuclei is a key to understand in a coherent way the nuclear structure of the elements located far from stability. The coupling of very efficient gamma-ray arrays and spectrometers has pushed away the limits and opened up new possibilities in nuclear physics studies. These combinations give access to a comprehensive picture of both the reaction mechanism and the nuclear structure of a given nucleus. In this talk, the various possibilities offered at GANIL with such a coupling will be given.

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Concas, Giorgio, Giorgio Spano, Marzia Carrada, Marco Bettinelli, and Adolfo Speghini. "Local Structure of Europium Sites in Oxide Glasses by Nuclear Gamma Resonance." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 54, no. 8-9 (September 1, 1999): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1999-8-916.

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The symmetry and disorder of the Eu3+ site was investigated in some phosphate and borate glasses by means of 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy. The quadrupole interaction parameter, which is due to the distortion of the Eu site compared to a cubic symmetry, has been measured together with the asymmetry parameter, which points out the absence of a threefold or fourfold axis of symmetry at the rare earth site. The correlation of the isomer shift with the optical basicity of the glass indicates a covalent component with 6s character in the Eu-O bond. The axial component of the electric field gradient at the Eu site is also correlated with the optical basicity.

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Scvortsov, A. I., M. A. Melchakov, and A. A. Scvortsov. "Influence of Thermomagnetic Treatment on the Damping Properties and Structure of Iron-Based Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.418.

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The paper describes the influence of thermomagnetic treatment on the parameters of the amplitude dependence of internal friction, the crystal and magneto-crystalline structure of Fe alloys with ferrite structure: Fe – 8%Cr, Fe – 16%Cr, Fe – 19%Cr, Fe – 4%Cr – 2%V, Fe – 3%Cr – 3%Al, and Fe–1.2%C–2% Si–2%Al graphitic steel with graphite and ferrite structure. The thermomagnetic treatment was carried out at a temperature of 450ºС. The structure was studied by means of metallography, X-ray crystal structure analysis, ferromagnetic resonance, and nuclear gamma resonance spectroscopy. It is shown that, the larger the ferrite grain in alloys with ferrite structure is, the greater an increase in internal friction is, in the amplitude range up to approximately the amplitude of its maximum owing to thermomagnetic treatment. The change of the damping properties of graphitic steel caused by thermomagnetic treatment is relatively small, due to a large number of diamagnetic inclusions of graphite and quite fine-grained ferrite matrix. The results of the X-ray crystal structure analysis, the ferromagnetic resonance and nuclear gamma resonance spectroscopy have shown that, in the case of thermomagnetic treatment, diffusion redistribution of atoms of alloying elements, combined with the change of structural anisotropy, takes place in Fe-Cr alloys.

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AZAIEZ, F. "SHELL STRUCTURE EVOLUTION IN NUCLEI: NEW PARADIGM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 10 (November 2009): 1986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309014135.

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Shell structure evolution in nuclei situated at the extremes of neutron and proton excess are investigated using in-beam gamma spectroscopy techniques with radioactive beams at GANIL. A selection of results obtained very recently is presented: i) The reduced transition probabilities [Formula: see text] of the neutron-rich 74 Zn and 70 Ni nuclei have been measured using Coulomb excitation at intermediate energy. An unexpected large proton core polarization has been found in 70 Ni and interpreted as being due to the monopole interaction between the neutron g 9/2 and protons f 7/2 and f 5/2 spin-orbit partner orbitals. ii) Two proton knock-out reactions has been performed in order to study the most neutron-rich nuclei at the N =28 shell closure. Gamma rays spectra and momentum distribution have been obtained for 42 Si and neighboring nuclei. Evidences has been found for a deformed structure for 42 Si and for the disappearance of the spherical N =28 shell effect. iii) The in-beam gamma spectroscopy of 36 Ca performed using neutron knock-out reactions revealed that N =16 is as large sub-shell closure as large as Z =16 in 36 S . The uniquely large excitation energy difference of the first 2+ state in these mirror nuclei turns out to be a consequence of the relatively pure neutron (in 36 Ca ) or proton (in 36 S ) 1 p ( d 3/2)-1 h ( s 1/2) nature.

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Çalık, Abdullah Engin, Kaan Manisa, Ahmet Biçer, Mehmet Erdoğan, Mürsel Şen, Hasan Bircan, Haris Dapo, and Ismail Boztosun. "Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 10 (February 5, 2020): 2050062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320500625.

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Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

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Xie, L., P. Cao, T. Yu, Z. Jiang, Q. An, J. Li, C. Li, et al. "Prototype of readout electronics for GAEA gamma spectrometer of Back-n facility at CSNS." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): P03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/p03022.

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Abstract The back-streaming neutrons (Back-n) facility at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) provides an excellent white neutron source for accurate nuclear data measurements. At Back-n, the GAmma spectrometer with GErmanium Array (GAEA) in planning is designed to measure neutron-induced cross-sections, nuclear structure, and in-beam nuclear spectroscopy. As GAEA consists of various detectors, developing and maintaining the readout electronics for this spectrometer is challenging. A prototype of readout electronics based on the universal digital readout platform is proposed in this paper. The digitizer in the platform consists of a data processing carrier and a signal acquire mezzanine. Different mezzanines are designed to accommodate various detectors in GAEA. The carrier's firmware also has a universal part for data readout and a reconfigurable module for real-time data processing. In order to synchronize all digitizers, a time synchronization module is designed, based upon which a global synchronous network is constructed with PXIe chassis. Critical signals as the clock, trigger, and control can be synchronously distributed over this network with high precision, significantly simplifying the whole readout electronics. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the prototype. The measured FWHM of the 22Na characteristic peak at 1274.5 keV is better than 0.15% for the HPGe detector. The measured time resolution of the readout electronics is 34.7 ps. Test results show that the performance of the readout electronics can meet GAEA requirements.

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Rai, V. N., Parasmani Rajput, S. N. Jha, D. Bhattacharyya, B. N. Raja Shekhar, U. P. Deshpande, and T. Shripathi. "Effect of gamma irradiation on X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy of Nd-doped phosphate glass." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 6 (October 12, 2016): 1424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516014399.

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X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Nd-doped phosphate glasses have been studied before and after gamma irradiation. The intensity and the location of the white line peak of theL3-edge XANES of Nd are found to be dependent on the ratio O/Nd in the glass matrix. Gamma irradiation changes the elemental concentration of atoms in the glass matrix, which affects the peak intensity of the white line due to changes in the covalence of the chemical bonds with Nd atoms in the glass (structural changes). Sharpening of the Nd 3d5/2peak profile in XPS spectra indicates a deficiency of oxygen in the glasses after gamma irradiation, which is supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The ratio of non-bridging oxygen to total oxygen in the glass after gamma radiation has been found to be correlated to the concentration of defects in the glass samples, which are responsible for its radiation resistance as well as for its coloration.

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Przybytniak, Grażyna, Jarosław Sadło, Małgorzata Dąbrowska, and Zbigniew Zimek. "Radicals initiated by gamma rays in selected amino acids and collagen." Nukleonika 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2019-0002.

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Abstract Calf skin collagen and three amino acids essential for its structure, namely glycine, L-proline and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline, were irradiated with gamma rays up to a dose of 10 kGy. Conversion of radicals over time or after thermal annealing to selected temperatures was monitored by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Some experimental spectra were compared with signals simulated based on literature data from the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) studies. The following phenomena were confirmed in the tested amino acids: abstraction of hydrogen atom (glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, collagen), deamination (glycine, hydroxyproline), decarboxylation (hydroxyproline). Chain scission at glycine residues, radiation-induced decomposition of side groups and oxidative degradation were observed in irradiated collagen. The decay of radicals in collagen saturated with water occurred at lower temperatures than in macromolecules having only structural water. The paramagnetic centres were the most stable in an oxygen-free atmosphere (vacuum). Radical processes deteriorated the structure of collagen; hence, radiation sterilization of skin grafts requires careful pros and cons analysis.

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TAMURA, H., S. AJIMURA, H. AKIKAWA, D. E. ALBURGER, A. BANU, R. E. CHRIEN, P. EUGENIO, et al. "GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY OF P-SHELL HYPERNUCLEI AND ΛN SPIN-DEPENDENT INTERACTIONS-REPORT OF BNL E930." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 02n06 (February 28, 2003): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303010028.

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High resolution γ spectroscopy of hypernuclei using Hyperball has revealed detailed level structure of several p-shell Λ hypernuclei and allowed us to extract the strengths of ΛN spin-dependent interactions. In the experiment BNL E930, we observed E2(3/2+, 5/2+ → 1/2+) transitions in [Formula: see text] and confirmed a small size of the Λ-spin-dependent spin-orbit force. Recently we took data for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in order to investigate the strength of the ΛN tensor force. In a preliminary analysis, we observed γ rays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

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BAS, CORINE, N. DOMINIQUE ALBÉROLA, MARIE-FRANCE BARTHE, JÉRÉMIE De BAERDEMAEKER, and CHARLES DAUWE. "POSITRON INTERACTION IN POLYMERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 23 (September 20, 2004): 3951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04020208.

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A series of dense copolyimide membranes was characterized using positron annihilation spectroscopy. The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy performed on film with a classical positron source gives informations on the positronium fraction formed and also on the hole size within the film. The Doppler broadening spectra (DBS) of the gamma annihilation rays coupled with a variable energy positron beam allow the microstructural analyses as a function of the film depth. Experimental data were also linked to the chemical structure of the polyimides. It was found that the presence of the fluorine atoms strongly affects the positron annihilitation process and especially the DBS responses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics"

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Richard, Andrea L. "Spectroscopy of the A = 33 Isobars in the Island of Inversion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1519055652016583.

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Söderström, Pär-Anders. "Collective Structure of Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Nuclei and Development of Instrumentation for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kärnfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149772.

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Neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei are among the most collective nuclei that can be found in nature. In particular, the doubly mid-shell nucleus 170Dy is expected to be the nucleus where the collective structure is maximized. This has implications for the astrophysical r-process, since it has been suggested that the collectivity maximum plays an important role in the abundances of the rare-earth elements that are created in supernova explosions. In this work, the collective structure of the five nuclei 168,170Dy and 167,168,169Ho are studied and different theoretical models are used to interpret the evolution of collectivity around the mid-shell. In order to produce and study even more neutron-rich nuclei in this mass region, new radioactive ion beam facilities will be a valuable tool. These facilities, however, require advanced instruments to study the weak signals of exotic nuclei in a high background environment. Two of these instruments are the γ-ray tracking spectrometer AGATA and the neutron detector array NEDA. For AGATA to work satisfactorily, the interaction position of the gamma rays must be determined with an accuracy of at least five millimetres. The position resolution is measured in this work using a model independent method based on the Doppler correction capabilities of the detector at two different distances between the detector and the source. For NEDA, one of the critical parameters is its ability to discriminate between neutrons and γ rays. By using digital electronics it is possible to employ advanced and efficient algorithms for pulse-shape discrimination. In this work, digital versions of the common analogue methods are shownto give as good, or better, results compared to the ones obtained using analogue electronics. Another method which effectively distinguishes between neutrons and γ rays is based on artificial neural networks. This method is also investigated in this work and is shown to yield even better results.

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Ansari, Saba. "Shape evolution in neutron-rich Zr, Mo and Ru isotopes around mass A=100." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS384/document.

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La forme d’un noyau, ou la déviation de la distribution en masse par rapport à une forme sphérique, est une des propriétés fondamentales du noyau. Elle est gouvernée à la fois par des effets macroscopiques et microscopiques, tels que l'énergie de liaison donnée par le modèle de la goutte liquide ou la structure en couche du noyau, respectivement. L’étude de la forme des noyaux exotiques par spectrométrie gamma permet de tester finement différents modèles théoriques initialement développés pour les noyaux stables. L’objectif de cette thèse est l’étude de l’évolution de la forme des noyaux exotiques riches en neutrons dans les chaînes isotopiques allant du Zr (Z=40) au Pd (Z=46). Le plus souvent, la forme des noyaux évolue lentement de la forme sphérique, près des fermetures de couche ou des noyaux magiques (ou doublement magiques), à des formes allongées (prolate), pour des noyaux avec de nombreux nucléons de valence. Cependant, Les noyaux auxquels nous nous intéressons ont tendance à avoir des états excités qui évoluent rapidement en fonction du nombre de neutrons, ce qui peut être interprété comme des variations rapides de la forme du noyau. Ceci inclue dans de rares cas l'observation d'états de forme aplatie (oblate) et triaxiale. Jusqu'à présent, les propriétés connues de ces noyaux se limitent (principalement) aux énergies d'excitation. Les informations sur le degré de collectivité nucléaire (que l'on peut déduire de la durée de vie des états excités) sont rares, tandis que les informations directes de forme sont pratiquement inexistantes. L'estimation la plus simple de la déformation nucléaire dans les noyaux pairs peut être obtenue à partir de l'énergie du premier état 2⁺. Pour les isotopes du Sr (Z = 38) et du Zr (Z = 40), il a été observé que cette énergie diminue considérablement à N = 60, alors que son évolution est beaucoup plus progressive pour les isotopes du Mo (Z = 42). Des mesures précises de durée de vie constituent un élément clé de l'étude systématique de l'évolution de la déformation nucléaire et du degré de collectivité dans cette région. Des noyaux riches en neutrons dans la région de masse A = 100-120 ont été peuplés par la réaction de fusion-fission d'un faisceau de ²³⁸U à 6,2 MeV/u sur une cible ⁹Be. Le noyau composé ²⁴⁷Cm était produit à une énergie d'excitation de ∼45 MeV avant de fissionner. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé pour cette étude comprenait le spectromètre de masse de haute résolution VAMOS pour l'identification les noyaux en Z et A, le réseau de 35 détecteurs au germanium AGATA (Advanced γ-ray Tracking Array) AGATA, pour la spectroscopie de rayons γ, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de "plunger" pour mesurer la durée de vie jusqu'à quelques ps par la méthode RDDS (Recoil Distance Doppler Shift). De plus, la cible était entourée de 24 détecteurs LaBr₃ (Bromure de lanthane) pour mesurer des durées de vie plus de 100 ps avec la méthode du "fast-timing". La combinaison de spectromètres sophistiqués utilisée dans cette expérience a permis de mesurer des durées de vie d'états nucléaires allant de 100 picosecondes à quelques picosecondes. Dans cette thèse, nous exposerons de nouveaux résultats pour les états à courte durée de vie dans les noyaux riches en neutrons A∼100, en mettant l'accent sur les chaînes des Zr, Mo et Ru. Nous discuterons des techniques expérimentales utilisées pour évaluer les durées de vie ainsi que l'interprétation de celles-ci à l'aide de modèles de structures nucléaires récents
The shape of an atomic nucleus, ie. the deviation of its mass distribution from sphericity, is a fundamental property and governed by a delicate interplay of macroscopic and microscopic effects, such as the liquid-drop like binding energy and the nuclear shell structure, respectively. Studying nuclear shape properties using gamma ray spectroscopic methods allows detailed tests of different nuclear models, which were originally developed for stable nuclei. We proposed a project to study the evolution of nuclear shapes in exotic nuclei, far from the valley of stability, specifically in neutron-rich nuclei in the isotopic chains from Zr (Z=40) to Pd (Z=46). Usually, nuclear shapes are slowly evolving from spherical shapes around closed-shell or (doubly-) magic nuclei to elongated (prolate) shapes in nuclei with many valence nucleons. The nuclei of interest, however, show rapidly evolving patterns of excited states, which can be interpreted as rapid variations of the nuclear shape, including the rare observation of oblate (disk-like) and triaxial shapes. So far the known properties for these nuclei are (mainly) limited to excitation energies. Information on the nuclear collectivity, which can be deduced from the lifetime of the excited states, are sparse, while direct information of the shape is practically non existing. The simplest estimate of nuclear deformation in even-even nuclei can be obtained from the energy of the first 2⁺ state. For Sr (Z = 38) and Zr (Z = 40) isotopes this energy is observed to decrease dramatically at N = 60, while its evolution is much more gradual in Mo nuclei (Z = 42). Precise lifetime measurements provide a key ingredient in the systematic study of the evolution of nuclear deformation and the degree of collectivity in this region. Neutron-rich nuclei in the mass region of A = 100-120 were populated through the fusion-fission reaction of a ²³⁸U beam at 6.2 MeV/u on a ⁹Be target. The compound nucleus ²⁴⁷Cm was produced at an excitation energy of around 45 MeV before undergoing fission. The setup used for this study comprised the high-resolution mass spectrometer VAMOS in order to identify the nuclei in Z and A, the Advanced gamma ray Tracking Array AGATA of 35 germanium detectors to perform gamma ray spectroscopy, as well as a plunger mechanism to measure lifetimes down to a few ps using the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift method (RDDS). In addition, the target was surrounded by 24 Lanthanum Bromide (LaBr₃) detectors for a fast-timing measurement of lifetimes longer than 100 ps. The sophisticated set of spectrometers used in this experiment allowed measurement of nuclear lifetimes in a range from 100’s of picoseconds down to a few picoseconds. In this thesis, we will report on new lifetime results for short-lived states in neutron-rich (A ~ 100) nuclei, with an emphasis on the Zr, Mo and Ru chains. We will discuss the experimental techniques used to evaluate the lifetimes as well as their interpretation in terms of state-of-the-art nuclear structure models

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Crespi, F. C. L. "HPGe segmented detectors in γ-ray spectroscopy experiments with exotic beams." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/59487.

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Most of the present knowledge of the nuclear structure is based on the properties of nuclei that lie in the valley of stability; it has become clear that it is in general not possible to extrapolate such knowledge to the region far off stability. Consequently, in order to obtain an overall comprehension of the nuclear force, it is mandatory to probe the structure of exotic nuclei. In recent years the availability of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) enabled the experimental study of nuclear systems far off stability and consequently gave the possibility to attach fundamental open problems in this research field. Gamma ray spectroscopy experiments with radioactive beams have to be performed in critical conditions due to low beam intensity, the presence of large background radiation and relevant Doppler effects. As a consequence it has become clear the need for developing a gamma detector array with a sensitivity much higher compared with the present generation Compton-suppressed detectors: a 4π gamma spectrometer, composed of highly segmented HPGe detectors and based on the concept of γ-ray tracking. In this thesis will first be described a Coulomb excitation measurement with the exotic 68Ni nucleus that presents all the challenging features of the experiments in which new generation tracking arrays are planned to operate. Such experiment has been carried out in April 2005 at RISING [63] set up in GSI laboratory. It consists of coulomb excitation of 68Ni at 600 MeV/u performed in order to study the low lying dipole strength by direct measurement of the gamma decay. The question how the giant dipole resonance strength evolves when going from stable to exotic nuclei is presently under discussion. It is in general expected by the calculations to find, in neutron rich medium heavy and heavy nuclei, a stronger fragmentation of the dipole strength (compared to stable nuclei) with significant components located in an energy domain well below that of the giant dipole resonance. In the literature such a lowlying concentration of dipole strength is usually denoted as Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR). The impact of that research activity goes even beyond nuclear structure field. In fact, since the energy dependence of the dipole strength directly affects the (γ,n) cross section, the presence of an increase in the low lying dipole strength could relevantly change our understanding and the description of the r-process. The results of the data analysis show the first evidence of such pygmy states in 68Ni; in addition it will appear clearly the need for a gamma detector array capable to provide an improved quality in Doppler correction and background rejection, namely a gamma ray tracking array. Recently the concept of γ ray tracking detectors has been developed and it has been shown that even a factor of 1000 in sensitivity over previous generation arrays could be gained using an array of detectors that enables the gamma ray path to be reconstructed. Reconstructing the trace of a γ ray inside the detector will permit a very precise Doppler correction since the position of the first interaction is obtained with a resolution of some mm, furthermore it will be possible to deduce the γ ray incoming direction and therefore distinguish the radiation of interest from the one not coming from the target, obtaining consequently much cleaner spectra. A second topic discussed in this thesis is the Pulse Shape Analysis in segmented HPGe detector for the gamma ray tracking. Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) for determination of interactions position is a fundamental step in the functioning scheme of a gamma ray tracking array: the spatial localization of the interactions (hits) and their corresponding energetic release is basic information needed to reconstruct the path of a γ-ray inside an HPGe detector and it constitutes indeed the input of any tracking algorithm. Such information is encoded in the shape of the current pulse given by the detector following the interaction of γ radiation; in order to extract the spatial coordinates and energy of the γ ray interaction points specific PSA methods to process the detector signals have to be developed. In this thesis is described the Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) process in highly segmented HPGe detectors for γ-ray tracking and a PSA algorithm for the decomposition of net-charge signal (Recursive Subtraction). The result of its extensive tests on simulated and real events are presented. The experimental data, on which the algorithm has been tested, were acquired during the in beam test of the MARS detector, performed at INFN Legnaro laboratories in July 2001 and during the in beam test of the AGATA symmetric cluster, performed at IKP Köln in August/September 2005. Finally in this thesis will be presented three ideas to exploit PSA techniques for applications that go also beyond the interaction localization (i.e. detector scan, improvement of timing performances of the detector). The first results are very encouraging but still there is the need for further development as will be pointed out in more detail.

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Gengelbach, Aila. "Collectivity in Neutron-Rich Erbium Isotopes." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kärnfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-442208.

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Neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei around the maximum of collectivity are predicted to exist with an extremely stable intrinsic configuration in their ground-state structure. Due to the high degree of axial symmetry and large deformation, these nuclei are also excellent candidates for having long-lived high-K isomers. The present work concerns a study of the structure of the yrast bands and a search for isomers in the neutron-rich 68Er isotopes. Excited states of 68Er isotopes were populated via multi-nucleon transfer reactions. A 859 MeV 136Xe-beam was used to bombard a 170Er-target. The experimental setup consisted of the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer AGATA coupled to the heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer PRISMA. The experiment collected 2 TB of useful data corresponding to 3 days of effective beam time. Beam-like fragments were identified by the PRISMA specrometer placed at the grazing angle of 44 degrees. PRISMA allows for Z, A and q identification as well as TOF and velocity vector determination. This is required for the Doppler correction of the emitted γ rays detected in time coincidence with AGATA. A good Z and very clean A separation has been achieved in PRISMA. Making use of two-body kinematics, Doppler corrected γ-ray spectra for target-like fragments were obtained as well. Due to the novel techniques of PSA and γ-ray tracking, AGATA provided high-quality γ-ray spectra for both beam-like xenon and target-like erbium isotopes. Known yrast bands and isomeric states in neutron-rich erbium isotopes were observed. A candidate for the decay of an isomeric state with Eγ=184 keV in 173Er, which has no previously known excited states, was identified.

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Sotty, Christophe. "Study of the nuclear structure far from stability : Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich Rb isotopes around N=60; Production of nuclear spin polarized beams using the Tilted Foils technique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923003.

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La structure sous-jacente dans la zone A~100, N~60 a été étudié intensivement et extensivement, principalement par décroissance β et spectroscopie γ suite à des réactions de fission. Autour de N~60, en ajoutant juste quelques neutrons, protons un changement de forme rapide des états fondamentaux se produit, allant de sphérique à bien déformé. La coexistence de forme observée dans les noyaux de Sr et Zr est supposée avoir lieu dans toute la région. Les mécanismes impliqués dans l'apparition de la déformation n'étaient pas clairement identifiés. L'interaction entre les orbitales de Nilsson montantes et descendante est évoqué comme l'une des principales raisons du changement de forme. Cependant, une identification claire des orbitales proton et neutron en jeu était nécessaire. A cet effet, l'étude des isotopes ⁹³′⁹⁵′⁹⁷′⁹⁹Rb riches en neutrons a été réalisé excitation Coulombienne au CERN (ISOLDE) en utilisant le post-accélérateur REX-ISOLDE et le dispositif Miniball. Les structures excitées encore inconnues des isotopes ⁹⁷′⁹⁹Rb ont été peuplées et observées. Les coïncidences de transitions γ des états de basse énergie ont été observées et leur corrélations ont permis la construction de schémas de niveaux. Les probabilités de transitions associées ont été extraites grâce code GOSIA. Les éléments de matrice de l'opérateur électromagnétique observées constituent de nouveaux apports afin d'effectuer de nouveaux calculs théoriques permettant de statuer sur les orbitales impliquées. La sensibilité des expériences de ce type peut être accrue en utilisant des faisceaux radioactifs d'ions dont le spin nucléaire est polarisé. La technique de polarisation des feuilles orientées (TFT) fut étudiée dans ce but au CERN. Un nouveau polariseur TFT et un dispositif β-NMR ont être créés et installés après REX-ISOLDE. La connaissance du processus de polarisation associé à la technique reste incomplète à ce jour et de plus amples études sont nécessaires. Des tests préliminaires prometteurs ont été effectués sur le noyau de ⁸Li afin de déterminer le potentiel du dispositif actuel.

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Doan, Quang Tuyen. "Recherche de la symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd par spectroscopie γ." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561660.

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Des calculs théoriques utilisant la méthode de champ moyen ont suggérée l'existence des formes du noyau avec la symétrie tétraédrique et/ou octraédrique dans la région des terres rares au voisinage des noyaux 156Gd et 160Yb. Dans les noyaux avec une symétrie tétraédrique pure, des transitions intra-bande E2 à bas spin dans des bandes de parité négative disparaissent ou sont très faibles. Ce travail est dédié à une recherche expérimentale de la symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd. Une expérience a été faite à Jyväskylä avec le multi-détecteur JUROGAM, sur la réaction de fusion - évaporation 154Sm(, 2n)156Gd. L'analyse des données, a établi les rapports d'embranchement de deux bandes de parité négative et a permis, par distribution angulaire, de connaître la nature d'une nouvelle transition. Les rapports d'embranchement obtenus sont comparables avec ceux des expériences précédentes et quelques limites supérieures ont été déterminées. L'absence de transitions à bas spin (I$^{pi}<9$) dans la bande de parité négative à spin impair a été confirmée. Ces résultats ont renforcé l'hypothèse d'une symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd. La spectroscopie gamma est l'outil majeure utilisé dans ce travail. Les principes ainsi qu'une étude de simulation réaliste sont détaillés dans ce manuscrit. La simulation avec des événements réalistes a été faite pour comparer la fonction de réponse de deux types de multidétecteurs EUROBALL et AGATA. Les résultats montrent que sous certain conditions la phase démonstrateur d'AGATA peut être utilisée pour la recherche d'événements rares.

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Lopez-Martens, Araceli. "Structure Nucléaire aux Extrêmes de Déformation et de Charge." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460473.

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Le principal axe de recherche depuis ma thèse a été l'étude des formes extrêmes du noyau avec un accent particulier sur la désexcitation des noyaux superdéformés. Depuis 2002, je me suis orientée vers l'investigation des propriétés des noyaux très lourds avec l'étude des premiers états excités et états isomériques des noyaux au delà du Fm. Dans les 2 cas, l'outil privilégié est la spectroscopie γ . C'est donc logiquement que je me suis investie dans la recherche et le développement associés à la nouvelle génération de multidétecteurs 4πγ : AGATA.

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Doan, Quang Tuyen. "Recherche de la symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau $^{156}$Gd par spectroscopie gamma." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467280.

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Des calculs théoriques utilisant la méthode de champ moyen ont suggérée l'existence des formes du noyau avec la symétrie tétraédrique et/ou octraédrique dans la région des terres rares au voisinage des noyaux 156Gd et 160Yb. Dans les noyaux avec une symétrie tétraédrique pure, des transitions intra-bande E2 à bas spin dans des bandes de parité négative disparaissent ou sont très faibles. Ce travail est dédié à une recherche expérimentale de la symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd. Une expérience a été faite à Jyväskylä avec le multi-détecteur JUROGAM, sur la réaction de fusion - évaporation 154Sm(, 2n)156Gd. L'analyse des données, a établi les rapports d'embranchement de deux bandes de parité négative et a permis, par distribution angulaire, de connaître la nature d'une nouvelle transition. Les rapports d'embranchement obtenus sont comparables avec ceux des expériences précédentes et quelques limites supérieures ont été déterminées. L'absence de transitions à bas spin (I$^{pi}<9$) dans la bande de parité négative à spin impair a été confirmée. Ces résultats ont renforcé l'hypothèse d'une symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd. La spectroscopie gamma est l'outil majeure utilisé dans ce travail. Les principes ainsi qu'une étude de simulation réaliste sont détaillés dans ce manuscrit. La simulation avec des événements réalistes a été faite pour comparer la fonction de réponse de deux types de multidétecteurs EUROBALL et AGATA. Les résultats montrent que sous certain conditions la phase démonstrateur d'AGATA peut être utilisée pour la recherche d'événements rares.

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10

Gelin, Marie. "Spectroscopie $\gamma$ des noyaux riches en neutrons autour de N=20." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193046.

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Il est maintenant établi qu'il existe un ïlot d'inversion autour du noyau riche en neutrons $^{32}$Mg (12 protons, 20 neutrons) en contradiction avec l'image de la fermeture de couche N=20. Cette inversion implique une coexistence de forme entre les configurations sphériques et déformée. Le travail présent étudie la spectroscopie $\gamma$ des noyaux de cette région grâce à une expérience réalisée au GANIL avec un faisceau secondaire composite produit par fragmentation. L'originalité de cette méthode utilisée réside dans la possibilité d'étudier simultanément plusieurs noyaux, et pour chaque noyau d'explorer plusieurs voies de réaction. Le spectromètre VAMOS a été utilisé pour l'identification des éjectiles. Les rayonnements $\gamma$ étaient détectés par EXOGAM, un ensemble de détecteurs germanium. Les détecteurs utilisés avant et après la cible de C$D_2$permettaient une identification unique des noyaux et une sélection de la voie réaction : diffusion inélastique, réactions de transferts et de fragmentation.
Les noyaux suivants ont été étudiés: $^{28}$Ne, $^{30-32}$Mg, $^{31-34}$Al, $^{33-35}$Si, $^{35}$P. De nouvelles transitions ont été observées. Les distributions angulaires de rayonnements $\gamma$ ainsi que les les corrélations angulaires $\gamma$-$\gamma$ ont pu être mesurées pour certaines transitions. Une attribution des spins et parités de certains états a ainsi été proposée. En particulier, l'assignation de l'état $3^-$ dans le $^{34}$Si est confirmée et un candidat est proposé pour le second état $0^+$, correspondant à la configuration déformée. Dans le $^{32}$Mg, l'état à 2.321 MeV, pour lequel des attributions contradictioires existent, est vraisemblablement un $4^+$, et nous proposons un candidat pour un état $6^+$.

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Books on the topic "Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics"

1

Voigt, M. J. A. de., ed. Gamma-ray and electron spectroscopy in nuclear physics. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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International, School of Nuclear Physics (1996 Erice Italy). 4 [pi] high resolution gamma ray spectroscopy and nuclear structure: Proceedings of the International School of Nuclear Physics, Erice, 16-24 September 1996. Oxford: Pergamon, 1997.

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A, Eissa N., and Denardo G. 1935-, eds. Proceedings of the School on Applications of Nuclear Gamma Resonance Spectroscopy (Mössbauer Spectroscopy), 11-16 August, 1986, ICTP, Trieste, Italy. Singapore: World Scientific, 1988.

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Ejiri, H. Gamma-ray and electron spectroscopy in nuclear physics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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W, Hoff Richard, ed. Capture gamma-ray spectroscopy: Pacific Grove, CA, 1990. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1991.

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1940-, Towner Ian S., and American Institute of Physics, eds. Nuclei far from stability: Fifth international conference, Rosseau Lake, Ontario, Canada, 1987. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1988.

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Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova. Nauchno-issledovatelʹskiĭ institut i͡adernoĭ fiziki. and Peterburgskiĭ institut i͡adernoĭ fiziki im. B.P. Konstantinova., eds. Mezhdunarodnoe soveshchanie po fizike i͡adra: XLVI Soveshchanie po i͡adernoĭ spektroskopii i strukture atomnogo i͡adra : tezisy dokladov mezhdunarodnogo soveshchanii͡a, Moskva, 18-21 ii͡unia 1996 g. Sankt-Peterburg: Rossiĭskai͡a akademii͡a nauk, Peterburgskiĭ in-t i͡adernoĭ fiziki, 1996.

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A, Deleplanque M., Lee I. Y, and Macchiavelli Augusto O, eds. Proceedings of the Workshop on Gammasphere Physics: Berkeley, CA, 1-2 December, 1995. Singapore: World Scientific, 1996.

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Andrey, Blazhev, ed. Capture gamma-ray spectroscopy and related topics: 13th international symposium, Cologne, Germany, 25-29 August 2008. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2009.

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International Conference on the Spectroscopy of Heavy Nuclei (1989 Hagia Pelagarē, Greece). The spectroscopy of heavy nuclei, 1989: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Spectroscopy of Heavy Nuclei held in Agia Pelagia, Crete, 25 June-1 July 1989. Bristol, England: Institute of Physics, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics"

1

Wang, Xiaofeng, and Mark A. Riley. "The Fascinating $$\gamma $$ γ -Ray World of the Atomic Nucleus: The Evolution of Nuclear Structure in $$^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}$$ 158 Er and the Future of $$\gamma $$ γ -Ray Spectroscopy." In Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics, 149–61. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00047-3_13.

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Montagnani, Giovanni Ludovico. "Development of a 3” LaBr3 SiPM-Based Detection Module for High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 77–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_7.

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AbstractGamma radiation detection finds many applications in different fields, including astrophysics, nuclear physics and medical diagnostics. Nowadays large Lanthanum Bromide crystals coupled to Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) represent the state of the art for gamma detection modules, in particular for spectroscopic measurements. Nevertheless, there is an interest in substituting photomultiplier tubes with solid state photodetectors like Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs), owing to the latter’s significant advantages. These include insensitivity to magnetic fields, low bias voltage, compactness, fast response and mechanical robustness. The aim of this thesis work, which was carried out within the context of the GAMMA project supported by IstitutoNazionale di FisicaNucleare (INFN), is the design, development and experimental characterization of a -ray spectrometer based on large Lanthanum Bromide scintillator crystals coupled with Silicon Photomultipliers. This detector specifications are compliant with nuclear physics experiments with energies ranging from 100 keV to 20 MeV, characterized by state-of-the-art energy resolution and imaging capability, in a compact, modular and robust structure. In order to perform the readout of large scintillator crystals, a matrix of 144 Silicon Photomultipliers was designed using NUV-HD SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). These were chosen due to their high Photon Detection Efficiency in correspondence with the peak emission wavelength of the crystal, the high cell density and low Dark Count Rate.

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Tamura, Hirokazu. "Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of Λ Hypernuclei." In Particle and Nuclear Physics at J-PARC, 105–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00961-7_5.

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Day Goodacre, Thomas. "A Theoretical Understanding of Nuclear Structure." In Applied Laser Spectroscopy for Nuclear Physics, 15–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73889-1_2.

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Raut, Rajarshi. "The Practice of Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy: Here and Now." In Advanced Radiation Detector and Instrumentation in Nuclear and Particle Physics, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19268-5_1.

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Seto, Makoto, Ryo Masuda, and Makina Saito. "Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Energy-Domain Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Nuclear Resonant Inelastic Scattering, and Quasielastic Scattering Using Mössbauer Gamma Rays." In Topics in Applied Physics, 57–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9422-9_2.

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Porquet, M. G. "Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of Fission Fragments Induced by Heavy Ions: from Nuclear Structure of Neutron-Rich Nuclei to Mechanism Studies." In The Nucleus, 339–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4257-5_48.

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Mele, Filippo. "Application Specific Integrated Circuits for High Resolution X and Gamma Ray Semiconductor Detectors." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 31–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85918-3_3.

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AbstractThe increasing demand for performance improvements in radiation detectors, driven by cutting-edge research in nuclear physics, astrophysics and medical imaging, is causing not only a proliferation in the variety of the radiation sensors, but also a growing necessity of tailored solutions for the front-end readout electronics. Within this work, novel solutions for application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) adopted in high-resolution X and $$\upgamma $$ γ ray spectroscopy applications are studied. In the first part of this work, an ultra-low noise charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) is presented, with specific focus on sub-microsecond filtering, addressing the growing interest in high-luminosity experiments. The CSA demonstrated excellent results with Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs), and with room temperature Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe) detectors, recording a state-of-the-art noise performance. The integration of the CSA within two full-custom radiation detection instruments realized for the ELETTRA (Trieste, Italy) and SESAME (Allan, Jordan) synchrotrons is also presented. In the second part of this work, an ASIC constellation designed for X-Gamma imaging spectrometer (XGIS) onboard of the THESEUS space mission is described. The presented readout ASIC has a highly customized distributed architecture, and integrates a complete on-chip signal filtering, acquisition and digitization with an ultra-low power consumption.

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Gellanki, J., S. K. Mandal, and Amritanshu Shukla. "Nuclear High-Spin Spectroscopy in the A ∼ 60 Mass Region." In Nuclear Structure Physics, 253–77. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429288647-11.

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BRAY, PHILIP J. "Glass Structure by Scattering Methods and Spectroscopy — C. NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE (NQR) STUDIES OF GLASS STRUCTURE." In Series on Directions in Condensed Matter Physics, 249–81. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813619_0007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear Structure, Gamma Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics"

1

LEONI, S. "NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AT EXTREME CONDITIONS THROUGH GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS." In Proceedings of the 9th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812779038_0044.

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de France, G. "Gamma-ray spectroscopy studies at GANIL: status and perspectives." In THE LABYRINTH IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE: International Conf. on The Labyrinth in Nuclear Structure, an EPS Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1691697.

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Draayer, J. P. "Pseudo‐spin symmetry and nuclear structure." In Capture gamma‐ray spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41280.

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Phillips, W. R. "Nuclear structure of neutron‐rich fission fragments." In Capture gamma‐ray spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41285.

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Azaiez, F., M. Belleguic, O. Sorlin, S. Leenhardt, C. Bourgeois, C. Donzaud, J. Duprat, et al. "In-beam gamma spectroscopy of very neutron-rich nuclei at GANIL." In Nuclear structure 98. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59554.

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Klora, J., H. G. Börner, T. von Egidy, H. Hiller, S. Judge, B. Krusche, V. A. Libman, et al. "Nuclear Structure Investigations and Lifetime Measurement in 156Gd." In Capture gamma‐ray spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41253.

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Burke, D. G., and P. E. Garrett. "Nuclear structure of 190,192,194Ir by charged‐particle spectroscopy." In Capture gamma‐ray spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41277.

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Nieminen, P. "Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Of Very Neutron-Deficient Bi Isotopes." In FRONTIERS OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1556624.

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Iachello, Francesco, Jan Jolie, Andreas Zilges, Nigel Warr, and Andrey Blazhev. "Challenges in nuclear structure." In CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3087054.

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Lunardi, S. "Nuclear structure physics with large gamma-arrays." In NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21st CENTURY:International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC 2001. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1469933.

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