Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"

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Krivonos, Roman, Daniel Wik, Brian Grefenstette, Kristin Madsen, Kerstin Perez, Steven Rossland, Sergey Sazonov, and Andreas Zoglauer. "NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3–20 keV energy band." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 3966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab209.

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ABSTRACT We present measurements of the intensity of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) telescope in the 3–20 keV energy range. Our method uses spatial modulation of the CXB signal on the NuSTAR detectors through the telescope’s side aperture. Based on the NuSTAR observations of selected extragalactic fields with a total exposure of 7 Ms, we have estimated the CXB 3–20 keV flux to be 2.8 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2, which is $\sim \! 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ higher than that measured with HEAO-1 and consistent with the INTEGRAL measurement. The inferred CXB spectral shape in the 3–20 keV energy band is consistent with the canonical model of Gruber et al. We demonstrate that the spatially modulated CXB signal measured by NuSTAR is not contaminated by systematic noise and is limited by photon statistics. The measured relative scatter of the CXB intensity between different sky directions is compatible with cosmic variance, which opens new possibilities for studying CXB anisotropy over the whole sky with NuSTAR.
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Brejnholt, Nicolai F., Finn E. Christensen, Charles J. Hailey, Nicolas M. Barrière, William W. Craig, Brian Grefenstette, Jason Koglin, et al. "The Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility for X-Ray Optics." X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation 2011 (September 21, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/285079.

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The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) is a NASA Small Explorer mission that will carry the first focusing hard X-ray (5–80 keV) telescope to orbit. The ground calibration of the optics posed a challenge as the need to suppress finite source distance effects over the full optic and the energy range of interest were unique requirements not met by any existing facility. In this paper we present the requirements for the NuSTAR optics ground calibration, and how the Rainwater Memorial Calibration Facility, RaMCaF, is designed to meet the calibration requirements. The nearly 175 m long beamline sports a 48 cm diameter 5–100 keV X-ray beam and is capable of carrying out detailed studies of large diameter optic elements, such as the NuSTAR optics, as well as flat multilayer-coated Silicon wafers.
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Hailey, Charles J. "First results from the NuSTAR “mini-survey” of the Galactic center region." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S303 (October 2013): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314001094.

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AbstractOne of the major science objectives of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observatory is to perform the first sub-arcminute, hard X-ray survey of several square degrees of the Galactic plane, centered on a region near the Galactic center. As a prelude to the full survey, which began in July 2013, NuSTAR conducted a ∼500 ks, 0.3 × 0.4° “mini-survey” focused on Sgr A* and its environs. We present analysis of several candidate pulsar wind nebulae and filaments, which are revealed to be intense sources of X-ray emission at >10 keV.
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Islam, Nazma, Robin H. D. Corbet, Joel B. Coley, Katja Pottschmidt, and Felix Fuerst. "Investigating the Superorbital Modulations in 4U 1909 + 07, IGR J16418-4532, and IGR J16479-4514 with Swift XRT, BAT, and NuSTAR Observations." Astrophysical Journal 948, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbc19.

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Abstract A puzzling variety of superorbital modulations has been discovered in several supergiant high mass X-ray binaries (sgHMXBs). To investigate the mechanisms driving these superorbital modulations, we have analyzed long-term Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift) Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) observations of three sgHMXBs: 4U 1909 + 07, IGR J16418–4532, and IGR J16479–4514, and constructed their dynamic power spectra and superorbital intensity profiles. These Swift BAT observations are complemented by pointed Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations performed near the predicted maximum and minimum phase of a single superorbital cycle for each of these sources. The BAT dynamic power spectra show changes in the strength of the superorbital modulation on timescales of years, with either the peak at the fundamental frequency and/or the second harmonic present at different times for all three sources. The pointed Swift XRT and NuSTAR observations show no significant differences between the pulse profiles and spectral parameters at the superorbital maximum and minimum phase. This is likely due to the fact the superorbital modulation had weakened significantly during the times when the NuSTAR observations were carried out for all three sources. The results from the Swift XRT, BAT, and NuSTAR analysis indicate the possible presence of multiple corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the stellar winds of the supergiant stars, although a structured stellar wind from the supergiant star due to tidal oscillations cannot be ruled out.
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Pandey, Ashwani. "NuSTAR View of TeV Blazar Mrk 501." Galaxies 8, no. 3 (July 25, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8030055.

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We report the results of flux and spectral variability studies of all seven Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations of TeV γ-ray emitting blazar Markarian (or Mrk) 501. We found strong evidence of intraday variability in 3–79 keV X-ray light curves (LCs) of Mrk 501 during four out of these seven observations. We examined spectral variability using a model-independent hardness-ratio analysis and found a general “harder-when-brighter” behaviour in two observations. We also investigated the nature of 3–79 keV X-ray spectra of TeV blazar Mrk 501 and found that five out of seven spectra are well described by the curved log-parabola models with photon indices (at 10 keV) α∼ 2.12–2.32 and a curvature β∼ 0.15–0.28. The two other spectra are somewhat better represented by simple power-law models with photon indices 2.70 and 2.75. We briefly discuss available physical models to explain our results.
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Torres-Albà, N., S. Marchesi, X. Zhao, M. Ajello, R. Silver, T. T. Ananna, M. Baloković, et al. "Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era VI: The Observed Compton-thick Fraction in the Local Universe." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1c73.

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Abstract We present the analysis of simultaneous Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and XMM-Newton data of eight Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT-AGN) candidates selected in the Swift-BAT 100 month catalog. This work is part of an ongoing effort to find and characterize all CT-AGN in the Local (z ≤ 0.05) Universe. We used two physically motivated models, MYTorus and borus02, to characterize the sources in the sample, finding five of them to be confirmed CT-AGN. These results represent an increase of ∼19% over the previous NuSTAR-confirmed, BAT-selected CT-AGN at z ≤ 0.05, bringing the total number to 32. This corresponds to an observed fraction of ∼8% of all AGN within this volume-limited sample, although it increases to 20% ± 5% when limiting the sample to z ≤ 0.01. Out of a sample of 48 CT-AGN candidates, selected using BAT and soft (0.3−10 keV) X-ray data, only 24 are confirmed as CT-AGN with the addition of the NuSTAR data. This highlights the importance of NuSTAR when classifying local obscured AGN. We also note that most of the sources in our full sample of 48 Seyfert 2 galaxies with NuSTAR data have significantly different lines of sight and average torus column densities, favoring a patchy torus scenario.
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Chatterjee, Debjit, Arghajit Jana, Kaushik Chatterjee, Riya Bhowmick, Sujoy Kumar Nath, Sandip K. Chakrabarti, A. Mangalam, and Dipak Debnath. "Properties of Faint X-ray Activity of XTE J1908+094 in 2019." Galaxies 9, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies9020025.

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We study the properties of the faint X-ray activity of Galactic transient black hole candidate XTE J1908+094 during its 2019 outburst. Here, we report the results of detailed spectral and temporal analysis during this outburst using observations from Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). We have not observed any quasi-periodic-oscillations (QPOs) in the power density spectrum (PDS). The spectral study suggests that the source remained in the softer (more precisely, in the soft–intermediate) spectral state during this short period of X-ray activity. We notice a faint but broad Fe Kα emission line at around 6.5 keV. We also estimate the probable mass of the black hole to be 6.5−0.7+0.5M⊙, with 90% confidence.
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Cooper, Kristopher, Iain G. Hannah, Brian W. Grefenstette, Lindsay Glesener, Säm Krucker, Hugh S. Hudson, Stephen M. White, David M. Smith, and Jessie Duncan. "NuSTAR observations of a repeatedly microflaring active region." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 3936–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2283.

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ABSTRACT We investigate the spatial, temporal, and spectral properties of 10 microflares from AR12721 on 2018 September 9 and 10 observed in X-rays using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray and the Solar Dynamic Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We find GOES sub-A class equivalent microflare energies of 1026–1028 erg reaching temperatures up to 10 MK with consistent quiescent or hot active region (AR) core plasma temperatures of 3–4 MK. One microflare (SOL2018-09-09T10:33), with an equivalent GOES class of A0.1, has non-thermal hard X-ray emission during its impulsive phase (of non-thermal power ∼7 × 1024 erg s−1) making it one of the faintest X-ray microflares to have direct evidence for accelerated electrons. In 4 of the 10 microflares, we find that the X-ray time profile matches fainter and more transient sources in the extreme-ultraviolet, highlighting the need for observations sensitive to only the hottest material that reaches temperatures higher than those of the AR core (>5 MK). Evidence for corresponding photospheric magnetic flux cancellation/emergence present at the footpoints of eight microflares is also observed.
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Mondal, Santanu, and C. S. Stalin. "Changing Accretion Geometry of Seyfert 1 Mrk 335 with NuSTAR: A Comparative Study." Galaxies 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies9020021.

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We present a detailed spectral study of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, Markarian 335, using eight epoch observations made between 2013 and 2020 with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. The source was variable during this period both in spectral flux and flow geometry. We estimated the height of the Compton cloud from the model fitted parameters for the whole observation period. This allowed us to investigate the underlying physical processes that drive the variability in X-rays. Our model fitted mass varies in a narrow range, between (2.44±0.45−3.04±0.56)×107M⊙, however, given the large error bars, it is consistent with being constant and is in agreement with that known from optical reverberation mapping observations. The disk mass accretion rate reached a maximum of 10% of the Eddington rate during June 2013. Our study sheds light on mass outflows from the system and also compares different aspects of accretion with X-ray binaries.
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Hare, Jeremy, Igor Volkov, George G. Pavlov, Oleg Kargaltsev, and Simon Johnston. "Precise Timing and Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of the Young Pulsar J1617–5055 with NuSTAR." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac30e2.

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Abstract We report on a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the young, energetic pulsar PSR J1617–5055. Parkes Observatory 3 GHz radio observations of the pulsar (taken about 7 yr before the NuSTAR observations) are also reported here. NuSTAR detected pulsations at a frequency of f ≈ 14.4 Hz (P ≈ 69.44 ms) and, in addition, the observation was long enough to measure the source’s frequency derivative, f ̇ ≈ − 2.8 × 10 − 11 Hz s−1. We find that the pulsar shows one peak per period at both hard X-ray and radio wavelengths, but that the hard X-ray pulse is broader (having a duty cycle of ∼0.7), than the radio pulse (having a duty cycle of ∼0.08). Additionally, the radio pulse is strongly linearly polarized. J1617's phase-integrated hard X-ray spectrum is well fit by an absorbed power-law model, with a photon index Γ = 1.59 ± 0.02. The hard X-ray pulsations are well described by three Fourier harmonics, and have a pulsed fraction that increases with energy. We also fit the phase-resolved NuSTAR spectra with an absorbed power-law model in five phase bins and find that the photon index varies with phase from Γ = 1.52 ± 0.03 at phases around the flux maximum to Γ = 1.79 ± 0.06 around the flux minimum. Last, we compare our results with other pulsars whose magnetospheric emission is detected at hard X-ray energies and find that, similar to previous studies, J1617's hard X-ray properties are more similar to the MeV pulsars than the GeV pulsars.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"

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Rai, Binay. "X-ray view of compact objects." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4755.

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An, Hongjun. "HEFT measurement of the hard X-ray size of the Crab Nebula and the hard X-ray optics of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85X2GW3.

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In this thesis, I discuss two topics: The High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT) and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). HEFT is the first experiment done with imaging telescopes in the hard X-ray energy band (~20-70 keV). I briefly describe the instrument and the balloon campaign. The inflight calibration of the Point Spread Function (PSF) is done with a point source observation (~50 minutes of Cyg X-1 observation). With the PSF calibrated, I attempt to measuring the size of the Crab Nebula in this energy band. Analysis for aspect reconstruction, optical axis determination and the size measurement are described in detail. The size of the Crab Nebula is energy dependent due to synchrotron burn-off. The measurement of the size at different energies can provide us with important parameters for the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) model such as the magnetization parameter. With ~60 minutes of observation of the Crab Nebula with HEFT, I measure the size of the Crab Nebula at energies of 25-58 keV. The analysis technique I used for the size measurement here can be used for measuring the size of astrophysical objects whose sizes are comparable to the width of the PSF. NuSTAR is a satellite version of the HEFT experiment although the spatial and spectral resolution of the optics are improved significantly. And thus, the fabrication technique for the HEFT optics needed to be modified. I describe the fabrication technique for the NuSTAR optics, focusing on the epoxy selection and process development and the metrology systems for characterizing the figure of the glass surfaces.
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Books on the topic "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"

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An, Hongjun. HEFT measurement of the hard X-ray size of the Crab Nebula and the hard X-ray optics of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2011.

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United States. Department of State, ed. Space cooperation: Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array Mission : agreement between the United States of America and Italy effected by exchange of notes at Washington, January 21 and June 24, 2011, with memorandum of understanding. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"

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Harrison, Fiona A., Steve Boggs, Finn Christensen, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Daniel Stern, William Zhang, et al. "The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Monique Arnaud, Stephen S. Murray, and Tadayuki Takahashi. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.858065.

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Yunjin Kim, J. Willis, S. Dodd, F. Harrison, K. Forster, W. Craig, M. Bester, and D. Oberg. "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission." In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2013.6496933.

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Madsen, Kristin, Brian W. Grefenstette, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Walter R. Cook, Fiona A. Harrison, Karl W. Forster, and Sean M. Pike. "Effective area calibration of the nuclear spectroscopic telescope array (NuSTAR)." In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, edited by Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, and Shouleh Nikzad. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2313675.

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Madsen, Kristin K., Fiona A. Harrison, Hongjun An, Steven E. Boggs, Finn E. Christensen, Rick Cook, William W. Craig, et al. "The nuclear spectroscopic telescope array (NuSTAR) high-energy X-ray mission." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Tadayuki Takahashi, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, and Mark Bautz. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2056643.

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Hailey, Charles J., HongJun An, Kenneth L. Blaedel, Nicolai F. Brejnholt, Finn E. Christensen, William W. Craig, Todd A. Decker, et al. "The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR): optics overview and current status." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Monique Arnaud, Stephen S. Murray, and Tadayuki Takahashi. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.857654.

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Rana, Vikram R., Walter R. Cook III, Fiona A. Harrison, Peter H. Mao, and Hiromasa Miyasaka. "Development of focal plane detectors for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.825418.

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Madsen, Kristin K., Fiona A. Harrison, Peter H. Mao, Finn E. Christensen, Carsten P. Jensen, Nicolai Brejnholt, Jason Koglin, and Michael J. Pivovaroff. "Optimizations of Pt/SiC and W/Si multilayers for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stephen L. O'Dell and Giovanni Pareschi. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.826669.

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Dodd, Suzanne R. "A comparison of operation models and management strategies for the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Alison B. Peck, Chris R. Benn, and Robert L. Seaman. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2055499.

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