Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear energy Government policy Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear energy Government policy Australia":
1
Marks, Robert E. "Australian Energy Policy and Conservation." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 7, no. 1 (February 1989): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878900700103.
Abstract:
The Publication in April 1988 of the document, Energy 2000: A National Energy Policy, was a landmark, since this was the first clear statement of the Australian Government's energy policy. Previously, Federal Governments had been content to tax domestic crude oil production to the level of the world oil price – so-called import parity pricing – at some benefit to the Revenue, with few other initiatives. After outlining the importance to Australia of the energy sector, this paper examines critically the elements of energy policy as stated in the document, with particular emphasis on policies for energy conservation, in some aspects of which Australia lags behind other industrialised countries. The paper concludes with some suggestions for changes to the stated policies.
2
Lowe, David. "Australia’s Atomic Past." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (October 22, 2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10010.
Abstract:
Abstract I ask in this article whether the legacies of Australia’s nuclear past, including the great secrecy surrounding testing of weapons in the 1950s and 1960s, and subsequent clean-ups, have impacted in particular ways that have ongoing ramifications for policy relating to uranium mining and nuclear energy. My starting point is the sustained examination of the pros and cons of developing the nuclear fuel cycle in Australia, a Parliamentary Committee Inquiry from 2006. Contrasting the submissions and discussions of this committee with exhibition and educational materials relating to the legacies of atomic testing, I suggest that one of the biggest opportunities for constructive policy conversation on nuclear energy suffered from the absence of trust among different groups. This derived, in good measure, from distinctive features in popular remembering of Australia’s atomic past. In 2006, it fed the exasperation of nuclear advocates who did not, and perhaps still do not, appreciate that the neat separation of uranium mining and energy generation from Australia’s earlier encounters with the atom is very hard. Relatedly, I argue that the secrecy around governments’ involvement in atomic testing, and its legacies, is likely to be seized on regularly; and likely to sustain what is a reservoir of public mistrust of government policy.
3
Long, S. A., and R. A. Tinker. "Australian action to reduce health risks from radon." Annals of the ICRP 49, no. 1_suppl (August 3, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146645320931983.
Abstract:
In Australia, worker exposure to radon in underground uranium mines has been a focus of policy makers and regulators, and has been well controlled in the industry sector. That cannot be said for public exposure to radon. Radon exposure studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s demonstrated that the levels of radon in Australian homes were some of the lowest in the world. The International Basic Safety Standards, published by the International Atomic Energy Agency, requires the government to establish and implement an action plan for controlling public exposure due to radon indoors. When considering different policy options, it is important to develop radon prevention and mitigation programmes reflecting elements that are unique to the region or country. The Australian Radon Action Plan is being considered at a national level, and presents a long-range strategy designed to reduce radon-induced lung cancer in Australia, as well as the individual risk for people living with high concentrations of radon. In Australia, workers who are not currently designated as occupationally exposed are also considered as members of the public. In the Australian context, there are only a limited set of scenarios that might give rise to sufficiently high radon concentrations that warrant mitigation. These include highly energy efficient buildings in areas of high radon potential, underground workplaces, workplaces with elevated radon concentrations (e.g. spas using natural spring waters), and enclosed workspaces with limited ventilation. The key elements for a successful plan will rely on collaboration between government sectors and other health promotion programmes, cooperative efforts involving technical and communication experts, and partnering with building professionals and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of radon prevention and mitigation.
4
Hoh, Anchi, and Brannon Wheeler. "East by Mid East: Studies in Cultural, Historical and Strategic Connectivities." Comparative Islamic Studies 7, no. 1-2 (September 20, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cis.v7i1-2.1.
Abstract:
This volume provides a multi-disciplinary and trans-regional approach to the historical roots and continued development of ties between the Middle East and Asia, from Muslim-Confucian relations to nuclear technology exchange between China and Saudi Arabia. The papers are contributed by specialists who live, research, and have spent considerable time in the Middle East and Asia including institutions in Japan, Israel, China and Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Kuwait, Philippines, Australia, Malaysia, North Africa, Indonesia, Lebanon and Syria, India and Kashmir, Egypt, and Korea. The contributors include academics, policy makers and consultants, leaders in international business, law professionals, and military.
The goal of this edited volume is to reach out to the research, diplomatic, and commercial communities. The subjects are addressed to attract individuals and groups from academia, think-tanks, NGOs, members of Congress, the US government, the private sector, and those involved in the policy-making, strategic planning, and public diplomacy in the fields of transnational studies, across-cultural comparison, international relations, energy security, global Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, and terrorism.
The chapters in this volume are broadly divided into three main areas: (I) Cultural and Historical Connections (II) Transnational Allegiances and Local Culture in Asia, and (III) Strategic Relations between Asia and the Middle East.
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Ives, D. J. "CURRENT GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARDS PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 2 (1988): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87042.
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YANASE, Tadao. "Japanese Government makes the First Step of the Nuclear Energy Policy." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 48, no. 11 (2006): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.48.857.
7
Hou, Jianchao, Zhongfu Tan, Jianhui Wang, and Pinjie Xie. "Government Policy and Future Projection for Nuclear Power in China." Journal of Energy Engineering 137, no. 3 (September 2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000049.
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Friedman, Robert S. "American Nuclear Energy Policy, 1945–1990: A Review Essay." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 3 (July 1991): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006321.
Abstract:
Political scientists have often referred to core decision-making groups in American politics as “policy communities” or, more popularly, as “the iron triangle.” Invariably, they are describing the interaction patterns of specialists in the executive and legislative branches of government and in the private sector who devote primary attention to the initiation and implementation of public policy in a particular issue area. In large measure the groups are depicted as having close-knit working relationships that result from frequent interaction, similarity in information sources and commonality in ideological predisposition. Perceptive observers such as Hedrick Smith, however, have pointed out that in some policy arenas there are critics who are not part of what is usually regarded as the cozy establishment network. These he has referred to as “dissident triangles” or rival networks that compete with varying degrees of success in the process.
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Xu, Yi chong. "'Strong enterprise, weak government': energy policy making in China." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 29, no. 4 (2008): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2008.019077.
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Leem, Sung-Jin. "Unchanging Vision of Nuclear Energy: Nuclear Power Policy of the South Korean Government and Citizens' Challenge." Energy & Environment 17, no. 3 (July 2006): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830506778119425.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear energy Government policy Australia":
1
Binnie, Anna-Eugenia. "From atomic energy to nuclear science : a history of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission." [Sydney] : Macquarie University Physics Department, 2003. http://www.ansto.gov.au/libsite/Fulltext/Binnie_atomic-energy.pdf.
2
Rough, Elizabeth Kate. "Nuclear narratives in UK energy policy, 1955-2008 : exploring the dynamics of policy framing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252274.
3
Duff, David Edwin. "A Comparative Study of Nuclear Power Risk Perceptions with Selected Technological Hazards." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27403.
Abstract:
How people perceive risk or threats is important to many disciplines that seek to assist policy makers in developing policies, regulations and laws. Using the previous work of Slovic et al. (Fischhoff, Slovic, Lichtenstein, Read and Combs, 2000; Slovic P., 1992; Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein, 2000) in development of the psychometric paradigm, a sample of residents (n=600) from a region with a large number of nuclear reactors was surveyed. The question set was expanded to include demographic questions to determine if they impact risk perception. Two aspects of risk perception were examined, perception of overall risk and perception of riskiness along specific dimensions of concern identified previously in the literature. For both risk and riskiness, respondents? perceptions of nuclear power were compared to three other perceptions of technologies including use of modern farming methods using chemicals, railroad transportation and coal-generated electricity. The recent increase in public concern about nuclear power following the meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant led to the expectation that nuclear power would be rated higher in overall risk and riskiness than the other three technologies consistent with Slovic?s earlier work on risk perception. This expectation was generally supported although respondents tended to perceive modern farming methods using chemical as similar in overall risk and riskiness to nuclear power. The research specifically tested five hypotheses concerning the impact of five demographic factors: gender, race, income, education and political orientation on the overall perception of risk and riskiness. Subsequent analysis using analysis of variance and linear regression found that select demographics only explained 2% of the risk perception for nuclear power generation.
4
Nolles, Karel Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Using markets to implement energy and environmental policy. Considerations of the regulatory challenges and lessons learned from the Australian experience and laboratory investigation using experimental economics." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40778.
Abstract:
Government is constantly attempting to balance the competing interests within society, and is itself active in a variety of different roles. The conflict between these roles becomes particularly clear when an attempt is made to implement a "regulatory market" - that is a market that exists only because of government action- such as an electricity or environmental market - to implement some policy objective, since it is the nature of markets to candidly reveal weaknesses that in a non-market management framework may have remained hidden for some time. This thesis examines the difficulty that government has in setting market rules that implement an efficient market design for such markets. After examining the history and development of the Australian Electricity Industry market reform process, we examine more closely some of the electricity related environmental markets developed specifically to drive a policy outcome in Australia -- in particular the Australian Mandatory Renewable Energy Target Market (MRET) and the New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme. By comparing these environmental markets with established financial markets, and using the techniques of experimental economics, we show that these environmental markets have significant inefficiencies in their design. We argue that these come about because lessons from the financial markets have not be learned by those implementing environmental markets, that stakeholders are lobbying for market design characteristics that are not in fact in their own best interests, and that governments struggle to manage the divergent pressure upon them. For example, in MRET we show experimentally that one of the market design characteristics most fought for by generators (the ability to create renewable energy certificates from qualifying energy without declaring the certificates to the market until a later time of the creator's choosing) in fact leads to market volatility, and ultimately inefficiently low prices. We also examine the impact on the overall MRET market of simple rule changes upon market performance. Key conclusions of this thesis are that it is more difficult than has been appreciated to successfully use a market to implement public policy and that important lessons have not yet been learned from the existing financial markets.
5
Mitchell, Keith Owen, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Optimisation of the applications of sustainable energy systems." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26947.
Abstract:
This work examines issues that are restricting the wider adaptation of sustainable (‘renewable’) energy systems in Australia and elsewhere. Several new innovative areas of opportunity for improving the application of wind and solar PV based systems have been explored and developed. A number of financial and regulatory obstructions to wind and solar systems and grid connection are examined and a number of regulatory changes to the regulatory electricity codes are suggested.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
6
Qasaymeh, Khaled Ahmed. "South Africa’s peaceful use of nuclear energy under the nuclear non-proliferation treaty and related treaties." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13855.
Abstract:
Text in EnglishEnergy is the natural power stored in matter which can be potential and kinetic energy. This occurs in nature in various forms such as chemical energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic radiation, gravitational energy, electric energy, elastic energy, nuclear energy, and rest energy. The scientific research relating to nuclear energy has revealed that atoms are the foundation of matter. In 1905 Albert Einstein initiated the quantum revolution utilising the Newtonian mass-energy equivalence concept in order to put his famous equation: E =mc2, where energy is (E). This facilitated the nuclear research which focused on manufacturing the first atomic bomb. In 1945 the USA acquired its first two atomic bombs which were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, killing 200 000 people; mostly civilians. But nuclear energy research has been redirected by scientists in order to industrialise nuclear technology in order to address growing power needs. This encouraged policy makers to consider the risks posed by utilising nuclear energy for civil purposes. The shift towards peaceful nuclear energy applications has been motivated by the many valuable contributions to humankind which nuclear energy offers - for instance in the fields of energy generation, human health, agriculture and industry. The nature of nuclear energy lends itself to becoming an important component of the world energy and global economic system. Nuclear energy is a viable option for many countries including South Africa, because it offers an economic and clean source of electricity; the primary engine for socio-economic development. South Africa operates the only two nuclear power reactors in Africa, (Koeberg 1 and Koeberg 2) generating 1.8 GWe. South Africa’s energy supply infrastructure consists fundamentally of coal-fired power plants which pose serious threats to the environment. Therefore, it is assumed that the planned 9.6 GW of new nuclear capacity by 2030 will meet the requirements of South Africa’s policy regarding the diversification of available energy resources to secure energy supply, support economic growth, and contribute to environmental management. Consequently, the legal system which governs nuclear energy programme is intended to prohibit the proliferation of nuclear weapons, ensure security and maintain the safe operation of nuclear facilities.
Public, Constitutional, & International Law
LL.D.
Books on the topic "Nuclear energy Government policy Australia":
1
Cawte, Alice. Atomic Australia, 1944-1990. Kensington, NSW: NSW Press, 1992.
2
Hardy, Clarence. Atomic rise and fall: The Australian Atomic Energy Commission, 1953-1987. Peakhurst, N.S.W: Glen Haven, 1999.
3
Clarke, Michael. Australia's uranium trade: The domestic and foreign policy challenges of a contentious export. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2011.
4
Byrt, W. J. Business and government in Australia. South Melbourne: Macmillan Co. of Australia, 1990.
5
Bhola, P. L. Pakistan's nuclear policy. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1993.
6
Sethi, Manpreet. Argentina's nuclear policy. New Delhi: Knowledge World in association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1999.
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Jain, Neeraj. Nuclear energy: Technology from hell. Delhi: Published by Aakar Books in association with Lokayat, Pune, 2012.
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Goldemberg, José. Energía nuclear, sim ou não? Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio Editora, 1987.
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Burgos, Rafael. Central nuclear. [Montevideo, Uruguay]: La República, 1995.
10
Kruschke, Earl R. Nuclear energy policy: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 1990.
Book chapters on the topic "Nuclear energy Government policy Australia":
1
Okonkwo, Paul C., El Manaa Barhoumib, Wesam H. Beitelmal, Israr I. U. Hassan, Michael Nnamdi Azubuike, Fadhil Khadoum Al Housnia, and Florence Jonathan. "The Uses of Renewable Energy in Buildings." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 257–74. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7023-4.ch012.
Abstract:
Only 5% of Australia's energy utilization comes from renewables, while 86.3% of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels. Nonetheless, this pattern has been disturbed by the ongoing decommissioning and closure of old coal power plants, alongside the Australian policy to reduce fossil fuel emissions. Presently, Australia is at a pivotal phase of its change to renewable energy power generation and utilization specifically in residential and commercial buildings. Sustainability in renewable energy utilization is being achieved through guided government policies, reasonable energy costs, and improved energy technology transfer approaches. To give a refreshed delineation of renewable energy, related government policy, and the route ahead in the Australian setting, this chapter presents a deliberate Australia update with renewable energy generation and utilization in Australian buildings.
2
"No. 20185. Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Canada concerning the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Signed at Ottawa on 9 March 1981." In United Nations Treaty Series, 610–31. UN, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/d42c6411-en-fr.
3
Valentine, Scott. "Wind Power in Germany." In Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.003.0007.
Abstract:
In the previous chapter, the malleability of Danish energy policy was highlighted as a key factor behind the successful diffusion of wind power in Denmark. This chapter examines wind power diffusion in Germany, and in the process highlights a different, though equally successful policy ideology. Compared to policy of its Nordic neighbor, wind power development policy in Germany has been far more structured and invariable. In fact, the success of Germany’s wind power development strategy often serves as an exemplar for proponents of consistent feed-in tariff regimes, which is considered by some to be the most effective strategy for driving wind power development. As this chapter will demonstrate, fostering wind power development in Germany is, like in other nations, a complex challenge involving dynamic interactions between government and nongovernment actors. As German wind power capacity expanded, there has been social dissent and utility opposition. Nevertheless, the German government has remained committed to aggressive wind power diffusion policies and has responded to emergent challenges in a remarkably unified manner wherein state, regional, and local government actors have formed integrated problem-solving networks. This chapter also highlights the seamless web of nation-specific STEP factors influencing wind power development that is apparent in Germany. As one pair of researchers observed, wind power development in Germany has been marked by “close interplay between the actors within the political system, technical and economic development, as well as social factors.” As has been the case in most industrialized nations, forces in support of wind power development began to amass during the two energy crises of the 1970s. As the government began to evaluate its alternative energy technology options, nuclear power and wind power emerged as the two most viable utility-scale options. In the 1970s, nuclear power in Germany enjoyed a modicum of developmental success. The nation’s first commercial nuclear power plant commenced operation in 1969. By 2010, nuclear power contributed approximately 22% to Germany’s electricity supply. However, nuclear power development has been contentious. Although there has been industrial support, there has also been strident public opposition, especially since Chernobyl.
4
"No. 23081. Agreement between the Government of Australia and the European Atomic Energy Community concerning transfers of nuclear material from Australia to the European Atomic Energy Community. Signed at Brussels on 21 September 1981." In Treaty Series 1771, 394–99. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/528f4488-en.
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"No. 19634. Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Korea concerning cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy and the transfer of nuclear material. Signed at Canberra on 2 May 1979." In Treaty Series 2007, 506–11. UN, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/e78eade5-en-fr.
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Griffiths, Mary. "Empowering Citizens." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 124–41. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4058-0.ch008.
Abstract:
The federal government of Australia has established an innovative although uneven record in shared governance initiatives in a climate of political stability and broad social inclusion policies. The participatory reform agenda has the potential to increase citizen empowerment, improve government transparency and accountability, and develop the capacities of the administrative arm. Changes to Australian Public Service (APS) practice are now aimed at better support for citizen-centric policy formation and, in some examples, shared governance. Nevertheless, policy consultations remain at the high-risk/high gain end of citizen-government-APS relations. This chapter scopes the concept and contexts of policy co-production both as a technique of engagement and a desirable outcome in shared governance for representative democracies. It assesses policy engagement from the perspective of citizens as agents, not targets. Using a constructivist approach, the chapter assesses the impact of contextual factors, the new participatory reform agenda, and the design features on two consultations conducted in 2011: Clean Energy Legislation, and Digital Culture Public Sphere. Major factors impacting on policy coproduction are found to be context-specific and issue-specific, and outside the direct control of public service agencies. Theoretically, the constructivist approach combines the literature on modes of e-government research, on e-government success factors and participatory media, with evidence of institutional reform agendas and the evidence provided by the case studies. Methodologically, the data is drawn from public domain materials.
7
Valentine, Scott. "Applied Policymaking." In Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.003.0013.
Abstract:
Chapter 10 summarized nine social factors, seven technological factors, seven economic factors, and nine political factors that have influenced the fortunes of wind power development in the six case study nations covered in this book. The premise underpinning the previous chapter is that successful wind power development policy depends on strategic management of forces of change within four contextual areas depicted in Figure 11.1. There are three basic tenets underpinning this model. First, the environment in which wind power policy is formulated and implemented can be better understood by comprehensive analysis of conditions within four contextual areas: the sociocultural context, the economic context, the technological context, and the political context. Within each of these four areas there are dominant forces (variables) that have proven to be influential in hindering or helping wind power development. The trouble is that for each nation, the relative importance of each influential variable differs because energy policy in each nation is influenced by a unique conflation of sociocultural, technological, economic, and political conditions. For example, a high degree of information asymmetry is evident in both Japan and China. Citizens of both nations lack adequate information about the pros and cons of energy technologies to make informed decisions. In Japan, information asymmetry helps explain why there is so little support for wind power and why the government has been able to continue its advocacy of nuclear power. In China citizens are also kept largely in the dark about energy sector developments, but this is not a problem for wind power development because the government is committed to supporting wind power whether the public consents or not. In short, information asymmetry is a barrier to wind power development in Japan, but in China, it is not. Second, the analysis of STEP forces is complicated because variables within each of these four contextual areas interact in unpredictable ways due to the complexity of variable interrelations. Cause-and-effect links are extensive which means that numerous positive and negative feedbacks catalyze chaotic systemic evolution. For example Canada possesses a wealth of hydropower capacity that suggests a high degree of grid resilience.
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Griffiths, Mary. "Empowering Citizens." In Public Affairs and Administration, 1443–61. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch071.
Abstract:
The federal government of Australia has established an innovative although uneven record in shared governance initiatives in a climate of political stability and broad social inclusion policies. The participatory reform agenda has the potential to increase citizen empowerment, improve government transparency and accountability, and develop the capacities of the administrative arm. Changes to Australian Public Service (APS) practice are now aimed at better support for citizen-centric policy formation and, in some examples, shared governance. Nevertheless, policy consultations remain at the high-risk/high gain end of citizen-government-APS relations. This chapter scopes the concept and contexts of policy co-production both as a technique of engagement and a desirable outcome in shared governance for representative democracies. It assesses policy engagement from the perspective of citizens as agents, not targets. Using a constructivist approach, the chapter assesses the impact of contextual factors, the new participatory reform agenda, and the design features on two consultations conducted in 2011: Clean Energy Legislation, and Digital Culture Public Sphere. Major factors impacting on policy coproduction are found to be context-specific and issue-specific, and outside the direct control of public service agencies. Theoretically, the constructivist approach combines the literature on modes of e-government research, on e-government success factors and participatory media, with evidence of institutional reform agendas and the evidence provided by the case studies. Methodologically, the data is drawn from public domain materials.
Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear energy Government policy Australia":
1
Underwood, Nicholas, Paul Nevitt, Andrew Howarth, and Nicholas Barron. "Overview of UK Policy and Research Landscape Relevant to Deploying Advanced Nuclear Technologies in the UK." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21790.
Abstract:
Abstract The UK government is committed to tackling climate change through clean growth — cutting emissions while seizing the benefits of the low carbon economy [1,2]. In June 2019 UK government set a legally binding target to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions from across the UK economy by 2050. Nuclear energy is seen as a vital contributor to decarbonising the UK economy as outlined in the Industrial Strategy [2] and subsequent Nuclear Sector Deal [3], and £180 million of funding has been provided by Government for a Nuclear Innovation Programme (NIP) over the period 2016–21, administered through the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Initial phases of the NIP have researched advanced nuclear fuel cycles, digital reactor design methods and advanced materials and manufacturing techniques. Throughout this programme the UK has developed a better understanding of a range of Advanced Nuclear Technologies (ANT), including Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs) and the opportunities that they provide in decarbonising a future energy system. In parallel, UK government has established a policy framework designed to encourage the development of Advanced Nuclear Technologies [4] and awarded an initial phase of development for a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) [5]. These programmes of work are enabling the development of technologies towards commercialisation, whilst enabling regulations are advanced. For this paper, AMRs are defined as a broad group of advanced nuclear reactors which differ from conventional reactors that use pressurised or boiling water for primary cooling. AMRs use novel cooling systems or fuels and in order to achieve operational efficiencies and enhanced safety performance, they are typically planned to operate in harsh conditions, including high temperatures, radiation field and corrosive environments. As a result of this there are still many questions which need addressing in relation to how materials and fuels will perform in these more extreme conditions. Within the NIP, an Advanced Manufacturing and Construction initiative is supporting answering these questions. This paper provides an overview of the policy and research landscape that aims to bring AMR and SMR technologies to deployment in the UK, and how the Advanced Manufacturing and Construction initiatives are helping to underpin the R&D needs for AMR deployment in the UK. One example is a programme of work titled “Establishing AMR Structural Integrity Codes and Standards for UK GDA” (EASICS). The aim of this project is to establish guidance on the structural integrity codes and standards that are required to support the Generic Design Assessment (GDA), which is a UK licensing process, of an AMR design through technology innovation and transfer (primarily for high temperature reactors). An overview of project EASICS will be described in further detail in another paper presented at PVP2020, PVP2020-21721.
2
Shropshire, David, and Jess Chandler. "Financing Strategies for a Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facility." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89255.
Abstract:
To help meet the nation’s energy needs, recycling of partially used nuclear fuel is required to close the nuclear fuel cycle, but implementing this step will require considerable investment. This report evaluates financing scenarios for integrating recycling facilities into the nuclear fuel cycle. A range of options from fully government owned to fully private owned were evaluated using DPL (Decision Programming Language 6.0), which can systematically optimize outcomes based on user-defined criteria (e.g., lowest life-cycle cost, lowest unit cost). This evaluation concludes that the lowest unit costs and lifetime costs are found for a fully government-owned financing strategy, due to government forgiveness of debt as sunk costs. However, this does not mean that the facilities should necessarily be constructed and operated by the government. The costs for hybrid combinations of public and private (commercial) financed options can compete under some circumstances with the costs of the government option. This analysis shows that commercial operations have potential to be economical, but there is presently no incentive for private industry involvement. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) currently establishes government ownership of partially used commercial nuclear fuel. In addition, the recently announced Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) suggests fuels from several countries will be recycled in the United States as part of an international governmental agreement; this also assumes government ownership. Overwhelmingly, uncertainty in annual facility capacity led to the greatest variations in unit costs necessary for recovery of operating and capital expenditures; the ability to determine annual capacity will be a driving factor in setting unit costs. For private ventures, the costs of capital, especially equity interest rates, dominate the balance sheet; and the annual operating costs, forgiveness of debt, and overnight costs dominate the costs computed for the government case. The uncertainty in operations, leading to lower than optimal processing rates (or annual plant throughput), is the most detrimental issue to achieving low unit costs. Conversely, lowering debt interest rates and the required return on investments can reduce costs for private industry.
3
Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhao Feng, Zhu Rongxu, Yang Zongzhen, and Shangguan Zhihong. "Improving Public Acceptance to Nuclear Power: Policy, Practice and Experience With Public Communication." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66789.
Abstract:
With the development of public awareness on environmental protection, especially after the Fukushima nuclear accident, the opposition to nuclear power due to NIMBY (not in my back yard) effect begins to hinder the rapid development of Chinese nuclear industry. For example, in recent years several large-scale mass incidents with appealing to stop the siting and construction of nuclear facilities in China have put related projects (including nuclear power plant and nuclear fuel cycle facility) into termination, resulting in certain financial loss and unnecessary social unstabilization, thus causing more and more concern from administrative authority, research institution and nuclear industry. To strengthen public acceptance on nuclear power, related enterprises such as CGN and CNNC have made great efforts in information disclosure to eliminate mysterious feelings towards nuclear power and expect to build new impression as clean energy. Domestic institutions and universities carry out plenty of work on methods to help public correctly perceive nuclear risk and present strategies for effective public communication. Administrative authority also issued detailed guidance on public communication required to be fulfilled during plant’s siting phase, which provided explicit provisions on the responsibility and job content of different entities. Here we will take one public communication practice of one nuclear power project located in south Zhejiang region as an example. In this scenario, we face more difficulty than other projects, such as doubt from local government, complexity of public types, and large amount of stakeholders. In this paper, we will make summary on endeavors to improve public acceptance, such as large amount of NPP visits, comprehensive scientific popularization, direct communication with stakeholders and integration development between local society and nuclear industry. And we will discuss the feasibility of innovative practice, combining several similar tasks needed in different subjects, such as environmental impact assessment and social stabilization assessment, to fulfill at once. To achieve this goal, we design specific questionnaire and use it to survey the opinion of more than 800 people in the fairly large region across different provinces, covering 30km radius area of site, which gains satisfactory results. By comparing outcomes of opinion surveys carried out before and after the practice, we will put forward to the considerable effect of public communication in improving public acceptance to nuclear power, and analysis the pros and cons of this example. Moreover, we also expect the good experience in practice can be promoted to overall processes of nuclear power plant, including siting, construction, commission and life extension, helping nuclear power gain more public acceptance.
4
Hanson, John. "The Federal Government’s Role in Enabling the Nuclear Renaissance and a Low-Carbon Energy Future." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89997.
Abstract:
The electric power industry in the United States will face a number of great challenges in the next two decades, including increasing electricity demand and the aging of the current fleet of power plants. These challenges present a major test for the industry, which must invest between $1.5 trillion and $2 trillion by 2030 to meet the increased demand. In addition to these challenges, the potential for climate legislation, controversy over hydraulic fracturing, and post-Fukushima safety concerns have all resulted in significant uncertainty regarding the economics of all major sources of base-load electricity. Currently nuclear power produces 22% of the nation’s electricity, and over 70% of the nation’s low-carbon electricity, even though unfavorable economic conditions have stalled construction of new reactors for over 30 years. The economics are changing, however, as evidenced by the recent construction and operating licenses (COLs) awarded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to Southern Company and SCANA Corporation to build two new units each. The successful construction of these units could lead to more favorable financing for future plants. This improved financing, especially if combined with appropriate additional government support, could provide serious momentum for the resurgence of nuclear power in the United States. The most important way in which government support could benefit nuclear power is by increasing the amount of loan guarantees provided to the first wave of new nuclear power plants. This will help encourage additional new builds, which will help reduce the financing risk premium for new nuclear and improve interest rates for future plants. Instead of simply increasing loan guarantees for nuclear energy, a permanent federal financing structure should be established to provide loan guarantees for “clean energy” technologies in general, a category in which nuclear energy should be included. Most importantly, any changes should be made as part of a coherent, long-term energy policy, which would provide utilities with the correct tools to make the necessary investments, and the confidence that will allow them to undertake large-scale projects.
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Kobayashi, T., M. Kato, H. Sori, Y. Sasai, M. Sato, T. Inada, K. Harada, and T. Okada. "Sustainable Progression of Technology Education for Atomic Energy Engineering in Tsuyama National College of Technology." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16567.
Abstract:
This study describes the achievements of a program that provides technology education about low-level radiation to develop practical core engineers. An education program starting at an early age and continuous and consistent educational agendas through seven years of college has been constructed in collaboration with regional organizations. Subjects relating to atomic energy or nuclear engineering were regrouped as “Subjects Related to Atomic Power Education” for most grades in each department. These subjects were included in the syllabus and the student guide book to emphasize a continuous and consistent policy throughout the seven-year period of college study, comprising the five-year system and the additional two-year advanced course. Furthermore, the content of lectures, experiments, and internships was enriched and realigned in collaboration with the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Okayama University, and Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Additional educational materials were developed from inspection visits by teaching staff to atomic energy facilities were also used in the classes. Two student experiment textbooks were developed to promote two of the subjects related to atomic energy: “Cloud Chamber Experiment” and “A Test of γ-ray Inverse Square Law.” In addition to the expansion and rearrangement of atomic power education, research on atomic power conducted for graduation thesis projects was undertaken to enhance educational and research activities. Some examples are as follows: “Study on the Relation between γ Dose Rate and Rainfall in Northern Okayama Area,” “Remote Sensing of Radiation Dose Rate by Customizing an Autonomous Robot,” and “Nuclear Reaction Analysis for Composition Measurement of BN Thin Films.” It should be noted that an atomic-energy-related education working group has been in place officially to continue the above activities in the college since 2011. In consequence, although government subsidy has been decreasing, both human and material resources have been enhanced, and many students with a satisfactory understanding of atomic energy are being developed. This program was partially funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan.
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Bhatt, Vatsal, Paul Friley, John Lee, and Ann Reisman. "A Methodology to Examine the Long-Term Energy, Environmental and Economic Benefits of Advanced Nuclear Technologies." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58251.
Abstract:
Nuclear energy is on the verge of a possible nuclear renaissance, driven by the simultaneous growing global demand for energy and a growing awareness of the need to combat climate change by lowering atmospheric carbon emissions. Widespread deployment of advanced nuclear technologies will require nuclear energy to be competitive in the energy market. Given the long lead-time and high cost of building capital-intensive nuclear facilities, it is important to perform analyses up-front to gain insight into what combinations of economic, environmental, technical and policy conditions will be required for nuclear to play a significant future role. This paper describes an analytical approach that can be used to define those conditions where nuclear energy could contribute. The methodology, using the MARKAL model, is both rich in technical detail and yet conceptually transparent. It is flexible, easy to modify for the needs of a particular analysis and can vary parameters of interest to address uncertainties in data and in future conditions. It can also examine the impacts of present or potential future government policies on the ultimate deployment of nuclear technologies over time. The example results provided in the paper illustrate some issues of interest to the nuclear and energy communities that can be addressed using MARKAL.
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Adedeji, Paul A., Stephen Akinlabi, Nkosinathi Madushele, and Obafemi O. Olatunji. "Latent Dynamics in Siting Onshore Wind Energy Farms: A Case of a Wind Farm in South Africa." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16726.
Abstract:
Abstract Siting a renewable energy facility entails several latent but influential quantitative and qualitative variables. Empirical and analytical models often fail to unravel the dynamics of these variables however; prior knowledge of their existence and dynamics offers knowledge-based decision-making during the plant siting process. This article examines the significance and dynamics of land ownership, avian environment, and renewable energy policies. Asides the literature survey, review of government policy, and regulations, a semi-structured interview-based method was used in this study using a wind power plant in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as a case study. A qualitative content analysis was used for response analysis. From our findings, dynamics around land ownership could be complex depending on the land category and existing contracts between a landowner and the developer. Also, an in-extensive study of avian habitat in seemingly viable land could lead to forced-downtime of wind turbine generators at periods where production is notably high. Lastly, careful examination of prevailing renewable energy policies and a projection on future policies culminates into the viability of the investment. Trivializing these variables before site development could lead to investment loss through low-productivity or force-majeure in the investment. On the overall, the proposed solutions to these barriers can be useful for wind developers in solving similar problems in other renewable energy resources both in South Africa and other countries.
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Chung, Moon-Sun, and Jong-Won Kim. "Status and Issues of Hydrogen Energy R&D in Korea." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54010.
Abstract:
In the era of fossil fuel shortage and soaring oil prices under the condition of severe environmental problems we are facing now, an increasing need for sustainable development of new energy technology as a substitute of fossil fuel has become an issue of great concern throughout the world. Most of energy consumed in Korea, over 96%, is imported from foreign countries, especially Middle East. Korea is now ranked the 10th energy consumed country in the world. That is why we are interesting in hydrogen economy. As a result, hydrogen and fuel cell technology was selected as one of economic growth engines for next generation, and strongly supported by Korea government. Also, the government set Hydrogen Economy Policy in 2005. There are four R&D programs on hydrogen and fuel cell in Korea. Two of them are supported by MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) and others are funded by MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy). The hydrogen production technologies examined in Korea cover 3 main bases, fossil fuel, renewable energy including bio-hydrogen technology, and nuclear power. In October 2003, Korean government launched Hydrogen Energy R&D Center (HERC) as a member of the 21st Century Frontier R&D programs supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). The HERC has conducted research on the key technologies for the production, storage, and utilization of hydrogen energy for expediting realization of hydrogen economy based on renewable energy sources. The main purposes of this paper are to overview the current status of research programs conducted by Hydrogen Energy R&D Center based on the patent applications as well as research topics and to introduce specific achievements in each research program.
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Putero, Susetyo Hario, Widya Rosita, Fnu Sihana, Haryono Budi Santosa, and Anung Muharini. "The Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Nuclear Engineering Education in Indonesia After Fukushima Accident." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15233.
Abstract:
Indonesia plans to build the first nuclear power plant (NPP) to solve the country’s energy problems. It needs full skilled human resources in the field of nuclear technology. Department of Engineering Physics, Gadjah Mada University is the only university in Indonesia offering a nuclear engineering curriculum which is established since 1977. The main obstacle of nuclear engineering education development is the unclear government policy. The government postpones its plan several times since the first nuclear research reactor was established in Bandung (1972) due to the presence of anti-nuclear groups, especially after Fukushima accident. This paper would like to describe our experiences in order to response the challenge mentioned above. As an education institution, Gadjah Mada University has a mission to develop science and technology for leveraging the nation competitiveness. According to that goal, the nuclear engineering development has to be independent to the presence of NPP in Indonesia, since many NPP is establishing in the world. As addition, according to the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN), there are 2,825 institutions, including medical institutions, which are currently utilizing radioactive materials in Indonesia. As addition, Indonesia now is playing important role in the radio-pharmacy production, particularly in Asia. So, there are several opportunities as basis for developing the new nuclear engineering curriculum. In the new nuclear engineering curriculum at Gadjah Mada University, student is offered two concentrations named Nuclear Energy System and Medical Physics Technology. The first one is oriented to support the nuclear reactor system development including G4 NPP, research reactor and radioisotopes production reactors. They study how to plan, to operate and to develop from cradle to grove of a nuclear reactor system that means from front-end to back-end. In the other hand, the second one is developed to graduate competence human resources who could apply their knowledge in medical field. They would be a partner of radio-oncologist in hospitals. Besides the hard skills, student’s character has to be educated in order to create their competitive excellences based on safety culture, global and national vision. We believe that the above mentioned hard and soft skills will assist student to survive in today’s global competition, especially in nuclear technology utilization.
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McCauley, Dave, Douglas Metcalfe, Marcia Blanchette, and Tom Calvert. "The Government of Canada’s Programs for Radioactive Waste Cleanup and Long-Term Management." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16133.
Abstract:
The Government of Canada’s 1996 Policy Framework for Radioactive Waste Management establishes that waste owners are responsible for the management of their radioactive wastes. This includes the planning, funding, and implementation of long-term waste management initiatives. Within this context, the Government has established three separate programs aimed at addressing the long-term management of radioactive waste for which it has accepted responsibility. The largest of these programs is the Nuclear Legacy Liabilities Program (NLLP). The objective of the NLLP is to address radioactive waste and decommissioning liabilities resulting from 60 years of nuclear research and development at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) sites in Canada. In 2005, the Government increased the value of this liability in its Public Accounts based on a new, 70-year long-term strategy and, in 2006, it implemented a $520 million 5-year work plan to initiate the strategy. The cost of implementing the full strategy is estimated at about $7 billion (current-day dollars). Canada’s Historic Waste Program is a second program that is designed to address low-level radioactive wastes across Canada that are not managed in an appropriate manner for the long-term and for which the current owner can not reasonably be held responsible. These wastes mainly emanate from the refining and use of radium in the 1930s and the very early days of the nuclear industry in Canada when radioactive ores were mined and transported long distances for processing. While the Historic Waste Program has been in place since 1982, the Government of Canada launched the Port Hope Area Initiative in 2001 to deal with the bulk of the waste. Finally, the Government of Canada has entered into two agreements with Canadian provincial governments on roles and responsibilities relating to the decommissioning of uranium mine and mill tailings sites. These agreements, one with the Province of Ontario and one with the Province of Saskatchewan, establish the responsibilities of each level of government to address circumstances where further decommissioning work is required and the producer can no longer be held responsible. The paper will provide an overview of these environmental remediation programs for radioactive waste and will describe recent progress and future challenges.