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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclear astrophysics'

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1

Depalo, Rosanna. "Nuclear Astrophysics Deep Underground." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600030.

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Cross sections of nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics are crucial ingredients to understand the energy generation inside stars and the synthesis of the elements. At astrophysical energies, nuclear cross sections are often too small to be measured in laboratories on the Earth surface, where the signal would be overwhelmed by the cosmic-ray induced background. LUNA is a unique Nuclear Astrophysics experiment located at Gran Sasso National Laboratories. The extremely low background achieved at LUNA allows to measure nuclear cross sections directly at the energies of astrophysical interest. Over the years, many crucial reactions involved in stellar hydrogen burning as well as Big Bang nucleosynthesis have been measured at LUNA. The present contribution provides an overview on underground Nuclear Astrophysics as well as the latest results and future perspectives of the LUNA experiment.
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2

Adsley, Philip. "Transfer Reactions in Nuclear Astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 275 (2023): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327501001.

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Transfer reactions are important tool in nuclear astrophysics. These reactions allow us to identify states in nuclei and to find the corresponding energies, to determine if these states can contribute to astrophysical nuclear reactions and ultimately to determine the strength of that contribution. In this paper,the basic details of how transfer reactions may be used in nuclear astrophysics are set out along with some common pitfalls to avoid.
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3

Gyürky, György. "Challenges and Requirements in High-Precision Nuclear Astrophysics Experiments." Universe 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8040216.

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In the 21th century astronomical observations, as well as astrophysical models, have become impressively precise. For a better understanding of the processes in stellar interiors, the nuclear physics of astrophysical relevance—known as nuclear astrophysics—must aim for similar precision, as such precision is not reached yet in many cases. This concerns both nuclear theory and experiment. In this paper, nuclear astrophysics experiments are put in focus. Through the example of various parameters playing a role in nuclear reaction studies, the difficulties of reaching high precision and the possible solutions are discussed.
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4

Lépine-Szily, Alinka, and Pierre Descouvemont. "Nuclear astrophysics: nucleosynthesis in the Universe." International Journal of Astrobiology 11, no. 4 (May 9, 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550412000158.

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AbstractNuclear astrophysics is a relatively young science; it is about half a century old. It is a multidisciplinary subject, since it combines nuclear physics with astrophysics and observations in astronomy. It also addresses fundamental issues in astrobiology through the formation of elements, in particular those required for a carbon-based life. In this paper, a rapid overview of nucleosynthesis is given, mainly from the point of view of nuclear physics. A short historical introduction is followed by the definition of the relevant nuclear parameters, such as nuclear reaction cross sections, astrophysical S-factors, the energy range defined by the Gamow peak and reaction rates. The different astrophysical scenarios that are the sites of nucleosynthesis, and different processes, cycles and chains that are responsible for the building of complex nuclei from the elementary hydrogen nuclei are then briefly described.
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5

Arnould, M., and K. Takahashi. "Nuclear astrophysics." Reports on Progress in Physics 62, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 395–462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/62/3/003.

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6

Penionzhkevich, Yu E. "Nuclear astrophysics." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 73, no. 8 (August 2010): 1460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106377881008020x.

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7

Langanke, K. "Nuclear astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 654, no. 1-2 (July 1999): C330—C349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00262-6.

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8

Rauscher, Thomas, and Friedrich-Karl Thielemann. "Nuclear astrophysics." Europhysics News 32, no. 6 (November 2001): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn:2001608.

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9

Haxton, W. C. "Nuclear astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 553 (March 1993): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90638-e.

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10

Descouvemont, P. "Astrophysica for Windows: a PC software for nuclear astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 688, no. 1-2 (May 2001): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)00786-2.

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11

RAUSCHER, THOMAS. "THE PATH TO IMPROVED REACTION RATES FOR ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 05 (May 2011): 1071–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131101840x.

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This review focuses on nuclear reactions in astrophysics and, more specifically, on reactions with light ions (nucleons and α particles) proceeding via the strong interaction. It is intended to present the basic definitions essential for studies in nuclear astrophysics, to point out the differences between nuclear reactions taking place in stars and in a terrestrial laboratory, and to illustrate some of the challenges to be faced in theoretical and experimental studies of those reactions. The discussion revolves around the relevant quantities for astrophysics, which are the astrophysical reaction rates. The sensitivity of the reaction rates to the uncertainties in the prediction of various nuclear properties is explored and some guidelines for experimentalists are also provided.
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12

Gorda, Tyler. "Quark matter and nuclear astrophysics: Recent developments." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429601010.

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Does deconfined cold quark matter occur in nature? This is currently one of the fundamental open questions in nuclear astrophysics. In these proceedings, I review the current state-of-the-art techniques to address this question in a model-agnostic manner, by synthesizing inputs from astrophysical observations of neutron stars and their binary mergers, and first-principles calculations within nuclear and particle theory. I highlight recent improvements in perturbative calculations in asymptotically dense cold quark matter, as well as compelling evidence for a conformalizing transition within the cores of massive neutron stars.
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13

Kubono, S. "Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Nuclear Beams." Progress of Theoretical Physics 96, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 275–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.96.275.

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14

APRAHAMIAN, A., K. LANGANKE, and M. WIESCHER. "Nuclear structure aspects in nuclear astrophysics." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 535–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2004.09.002.

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15

Arcones, Almudena, Dan W. Bardayan, Timothy C. Beers, Lee A. Bernstein, Jeffrey C. Blackmon, Bronson Messer, B. Alex Brown, et al. "White paper on nuclear astrophysics and low energy nuclear physics Part 1: Nuclear astrophysics." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 94 (May 2017): 1–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.12.003.

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16

Basu, Chinmay. "FRENA, a facility for research in experimental nuclear astrophysics at SINP, Kolkata." EPJ Web of Conferences 297 (2024): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429701002.

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FRENA is a new low energy high current accelerator facility commissioned at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. The primary goal of the facility is to perform nuclear astrophysics experiments and address key issues in the field. It is a unique facility in India and is the first accelerator dedicated for astrophysical studies.
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17

Broggini, Carlo. "Origin and status of LUNA at Gran Sasso." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 34 (November 6, 2014): 1430038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300389.

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The ultimate goal of nuclear astrophysics, the union of nuclear physics and astronomy, is to provide a comprehensive picture of the nuclear reactions which power the stars and, in doing so, synthesize the chemical elements. Deep underground in the Gran Sasso Laboratory the key reactions of the proton–proton chain and of the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle have been studied down to the energies of astrophysical interest. The main results obtained in the past 20 years are reviewed and their influence on our understanding of the properties of the neutrino, the Sun, and the Universe itself is discussed. Finally, future developments of underground nuclear astrophysics beyond the study of hydrogen burning are outlined.
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18

Käppeler, F. "Astrophysics at nuclear reactors." Acta Physica Hungarica 75, no. 1-4 (December 1994): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03156556.

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19

Salpeter, Edwin E. "Nuclear Astrophysics Before 1957." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 25, no. 1 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as07036.

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AbstractI discuss especially my summer with Willy Fowler at Kellogg Radiation Laboratory in 1951, where I did my ‘triple alpha’ work. I also go back even earlier to Arthur Eddington and Hans Bethe. The 1953 summer school in Ann Arbor only gets a mention.
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20

Gialanella, Lucio, Antonino Di Leva, and Fillipo Terrasi. "Nuclear Astrophysics at CIRCE." Nuclear Physics News 28, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2018.1463018.

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21

Huang, Meirong, Hernan J. Quevedo, Guoqiang Zhang, and Aldo Bonasera. "Nuclear Astrophysics with Lasers." Nuclear Physics News 29, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2019.1603555.

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22

Broggini, Carlo. "Nuclear Astrophysics with LUNA." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 703 (April 2016): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/703/1/012006.

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23

Malaney, Robert A. "Supercomputers And Nuclear Astrophysics." Computers in Physics 2, no. 6 (1988): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4822797.

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24

Dillmann, I., and R. Reifarth. "Nuclear astrophysics with neutrons." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 04 (April 19, 2012): C04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/04/c04014.

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25

Jonson, B. "Nuclear processes in astrophysics." Physica Scripta T59 (January 1, 1995): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1995/t59/006.

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26

Schatz, Hendrik. "Trends in nuclear astrophysics." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 43, no. 6 (May 16, 2016): 064001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/43/6/064001.

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27

Bertulani, C. A., and T. Kajino. "Frontiers in nuclear astrophysics." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 89 (July 2016): 56–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2016.04.001.

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28

Mohr, P., T. Rauscher, K. Sonnabend, K. Vogt, and A. Zilges. "Photoreactions in nuclear astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 718 (May 2003): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)00721-8.

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29

Smith, Michael S. "Nuclear data for astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 718 (May 2003): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)00736-x.

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30

Schatz, H. "Nuclear masses in astrophysics." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 349-350 (September 2013): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.03.016.

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31

Rehm, K. E. "Experiments in Nuclear Astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 787, no. 1-4 (May 2007): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.045.

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32

Mathews, Grant J. "Frontiers of Nuclear Astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 805, no. 1-4 (June 2008): 303c—312c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.258.

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33

Buchmann, L., P. Amaudruz, J. D'Auria, D. Hutcheon, C. Matei, J. Pearson, C. Ruiz, et al. "Nuclear Astrophysics at TRIUMF." Nuclear Physics A 805, no. 1-4 (June 2008): 462c—469c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.267.

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34

Kubono, S., Dam N. Binh, S. Hayakawa, H. Hashimoto, D. Kahl, Y. Wakabayashi, H. Yamaguchi, et al. "Nuclear Clusters in Astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 834, no. 1-4 (March 2010): 647c—650c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.01.113.

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35

Matteson, J. L. "The nuclear astrophysics explorer." Advances in Space Research 11, no. 8 (January 1991): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(91)90190-u.

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36

Arnould, M., and M. Rayet. "Nuclear reactions in astrophysics." Annales de Physique 15, no. 3 (1990): 183–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/anphys:01990001503018300.

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37

Grawe, H., K. Langanke, and G. Martínez-Pinedo. "Nuclear structure and astrophysics." Reports on Progress in Physics 70, no. 9 (August 29, 2007): 1525–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/70/9/r02.

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38

Reifarth, R., S. Dababneh, S. Fiebiger, J. Glorius, K. Göbel, M. Heil, P. Hillmann, et al. "Nuclear astrophysics at FRANZ." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 940 (January 2018): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/940/1/012024.

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39

Shen, Yang-Ping, Bing Guo, and Wei-Ping Liu. "An indirect technique in nuclear astrophysics: alpha-cluster transfer reaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 260 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226001001.

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Helium(4He, or α)is the second most abundant element in the observable Universe. The α-particle induced reactions such as(α, γ), (α, n) and (α, p) play a crucial role in nuclear astrophysics, especially for understanding stellar heliumburning. Because of the strong Coulomb repulsion, it is greatly hindered to directly measure the cross sections for these α-capture reactions at stellar energies. Alpha-cluster transfer reaction is a powerful tool for investigation of astrophysical(α, γ), (α, n)and(α, p)reactions since it can preferentially populate the natural-parity states with an α-cluster structure which dominantly contribute to these astrophysical α-capture reactions during stellar heliumburning. In this paper, we reviewthe theoretical scheme, theexperimental technique, astrophysical applications and the future perspectives of such approach based on α-cluster transfer reactions.
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40

Goriely, Stephane. "Nuclear Reaction Data Relevant to Nuclear Astrophysics." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 39, sup2 (August 2002): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2002.10875157.

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41

Prati, Paolo. "Underground Nuclear Astrophysics: pushing direct measurements toward the Gamow window." EPJ Web of Conferences 227 (2020): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022701015.

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The aim of experimental nuclear astrophysics is to provide information on the nuclear processes involved in astrophysical scenarios at the relevant energy range. However, the measurement of the cross section of nuclear reactions at low energies present formidable difficulties due to the very low reaction rates often overwhelmed by the background. Several approaches have been proposed and exploited to overcome such severe obstacles: in such frame, the idea to install a low energy - high intensity ion accelerator deep underground, to gain high luminosity while reducing the cosmic ray background, brought more than 25 years ago, to the pilot LUNA experiment. LUNA stands for Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics: in the cave under the Gran Sasso mountain (in Italy) first a 50 kV and then a 400 kV single-ended accelerator for protons and alphas were deployed and produced plenty of data mainly on reactions of the H-burning phase in stars. Recently, similar facilities have been installed and/or proposed in other underground laboratories in US and China. LUNA as well is going to make a big step forward, with a new machine in the MV range which will be able to provide intense beams of protons, alphas and carbon ions. The rationale of underground nuclear astrophysics will be presented together with the last updates on the ongoing research programs.
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42

Wiescher, Michael, and Karlheinz Langanke. "Manhattan Project astrophysics." Physics Today 77, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.jksg.hage.

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43

Chen, Zhi, Eric T. Johnson, Max Katz, Alexander Smith Clark, Brendan Boyd, and Michael Zingale. "A Framework for Exploring Nuclear Physics Sensitivity in Numerical Simulations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2742, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2742/1/012021.

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Abstract We describe the AMReX-Astrophysics framework for exploring the sensitivity of astrophysical simulations to the details of a nuclear reaction network, including the number of nuclei, choice of reaction rates, and approximations used. This is explored by modeling a simple detonation with the Castro simulation code. The entire simulation methodology is open-source and GPU-enabled.
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44

Guardo, G. L., D. Lattuada, and T. Petruse. "Developing system arrays for new experimental approach in nuclear astrophysics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2619, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2619/1/012009.

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Abstract The advent of facilities providing high-intensity and high-resolution gamma ray beams and/or ultra-short and high-repetition laser pulses can potentially open a new path of astrophysical research. Indeed, a pencil size gamma beams with tunable energies from few keV up to tens MeV will offer distinctive chances to conduct precise measurements of small cross sections (on the scale of μb or even smaller) pertaining to nuclear reactions in the field of astrophysics. Consequently, it provides essential data for modeling astrophysical S-factors crucial to stellar evolution. On the other hand, the possibility to mimic the stellar conditions by laser-matter interaction generating a controlled laboratory plasma with thermodynamical status not too different from stellar conditions will open the way for the study of nuclear reactions of utmost importance for nuclear astrophysics. For photonuclear reactions with astrophysical significance, as photodissociations occur at photon energies slightly above particle emission thresholds due to typical stellar temperatures, the resulting fragments possess low energies spanning from a few hundred keV to a few MeV. Consequently, detectors with low thresholds become imperative in such cases. Also, in the case of laser-induced reactions, in order to detect the fusion products and to measure the laser-accelerated ion distribution a proper system of detection is needed. Depending on the available exit channels of the nuclear reaction of interest, both charged particles and neutrons are foreseen. Here, we present the Asfin’s efforts on developing new detectors arrays suitable for the experimental requirements in these challenging measurements. Indeed, an experimental campaign is ongoing in order to test the feasibility of excitation functions and angular distributions determinations using versatile silicon strip arrays (namely LHASA and/or ELISSA). Moreover, extensive studies and simulations will be presented regarding the developing of a dedicated detection system comprising a cryogenically cooled supersonic nozzle, an appropriate interaction chamber, an array of neutron and charged particle detectors and two compact ion spectrometers for performing systematic study of laser-induced nuclear fusion reactions.
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45

NAGAI, Yasuki. "Nuclear Astrophysics Studied by Neutrons." Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 79, no. 9 (2003): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf.79.884.

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46

Misch, G. Wendell, Surja K. Ghorui, Projjwal Banerjee, Yang Sun, and Matthew R. Mumpower. "Astromers: Nuclear Isomers in Astrophysics." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 252, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abc41d.

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47

Ferraro, F. "Underground Nuclear Astrophysics at LUNA." Acta Physica Polonica B 49, no. 3 (2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolb.49.429.

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48

Bemmerer, D., E. Grosse, A. R. Junghans, R. Schwengner, and A. Wagner. "Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics III." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 1 (December 13, 2007): 010301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/010301.

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49

Descouvemont, P. "Cluster models in nuclear astrophysics." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 35, no. 1 (December 13, 2007): 014006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/1/014006.

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50

Reifarth, René, Jan Glorius, Kathrin Göbel, Tanja Heftrich, Michael Jentschel, Beatriz Jurado, Franz Käppeler, et al. "Reactor neutrons in nuclear astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 146 (2017): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714601003.

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